The Problem Of Waste Solution

The Problem Of Waste Solution
Today there are several problems in the U.S and all over the world that affect our environment in a negative way. This research paper will discuss
waste disposal and educate you on how it effects our earth. It will also provide some tips and steps on how to save our earth from being damaged by
waste disposal. Further, It will tell you who waste disposal affects, who is trying to solve the problem and suggestions for future solutions. After
discovering the many ways that rubbish is affecting the earth, maybe this will prompt everyone to do a small part, in order to save the planet.
What is waste disposal?
Removing and destroying or storing damaged, used or other unwanted domestic, agricultural or industrial products and substances. Disposal includes
burning, burial at landfill sites or at sea, and recycling.
Why is waste disposal a problem?
Disposing of waste has huge environmental impacts and can cause serious problems. Most waste is buried in landfill sites holes in the ground,
sometimes old quarries, sometimes specially dug. Some waste will eventually rot, but not all, and in the process it may smell or generate methane gas,
which is explosive and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Leachate produced as waste decomposes may cause pollution. Badly managed landfill sites
may attract vermin or cause litter.
Who is affected most by waste disposal?
The United States leads the world in the production of waste, followed by other leading industrial nations.The U.S.
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What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Biogas
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1Solid Waste Management
Wastes are the substances that are not starting products through which the person has no further utilization in account of his own profit of production,
changes or consumption, and that he wants the disposal. Solid waste may be originated during the extraction of raw material, the process of raw
material into intermediate and final object, the use of final products, and the other person activities. Recycled residuals or re–consumed at the place of
origination are excluded. The products which are waste refers to the 3 R which is reduce, recycle and reuse which states waste management techniques
according to their demand in account of minimization waste.[6] A proper and harmonious relation b/w... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Civil Engineering means the production of traffic in states, both external and internal trade, and this is used in the construction of buildings, moles,
bridges, aqueducts, canals, roads , river navigation and docks for internal intercourse and exchange, and in the construction of ports, harbours,
breakwaters and lighthouses, and in the construction and application of machinery, and in the art of navigation by artificial power for the purposes of
commerce, and in the drainage of cities and towns.
Environmental engineering deals with environmental conditions, management of solid waste treatment and organic waste treatment work.
Environmental engineering deals with chemical treatment, biological treatment and thermal wastes. Environmental engineering also covered the
purification of water, solid waste treatment, air and hazardous waste management and remediation of contaminated sites after waste disposal or
accidental contamination. Environmental engineers have a role to reduce pollution, industrial ecology and green engineering. Thus civil engineering
and environmental engineering are inter related to each

Benefits Of Using Plastic On Food Industry
Veronika Kavun
Professor Allen Austin
SCI 2000
27 April 2016
Edible Alternatives To Single–Use Plastic In Food Industry
Plastic pollution has reached the all–time high. According to recent research, there are already more than 5 trillion plastic pieces weighing over 250
000 tons afloat in the oceans (Eriksen et al., 2014). Sustainablecoastlines.org, a New Zealand Charity dedicated to cleaning up the island's coastlines,
estimates that 72.4% of all plastic pollution in the Pacific oceans consists of single use plastics, 22.5% of which is food wrappers, containers and bottle
caps ("Our Impact"). Those numbers spell out an urgency to come up with a sustainable solution that will slow down the production of plastic debris
while maintaining ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Biodegradable plastics, produced from food–based products rather than petroleum, although very promising, still represent a very small percentage of
the waste problem. Those should be broken down only in specialized composting facilities through a controlled process that still produces considerable
amounts of methane (Dell, 2010). Clearly, the issue needs a completely different approach. Edible alternatives to plastic are the next logical step to
solving the contamination problem.
Designers of edible packaging borrowed the concept from nature. Just like apple or grape skins, those ultra–thin but strong membranes are capable of
holding both liquid and solid foods while being completely washable. Edible plastics can be made from vegetables, fruits or nuts with some
chitosan (biopolymer) or alginate (algae extract). Once those particles are gelatinized, they create the firm but edible skin which mimics resistance
of conventional plastics. This kind of packaging will still need an outer box or a bag to keep the product clean on the shelf, but the individual
servings will no longer have to be ripped open and discarded. Instead, they can be dissolved in hot liquid directly or rinsed off and eaten together with
the contents. Some examples of this new zero–waste food industry ideas have already appeared on the

Sources Reduction And The Recycling Of Waste
Unsustainable patterns for the production and consumption of waste exist throughout economies across the world. The issue that we currently face is
taking a real initiative to reduce the amount of waste we dump into landfills every day. As the population in urban areas continue to rise, we will see
dramatic increases in the amount of municipal solid waste being dumped into these landfills. This article discussed the topics of source reduction and the
recycling of waste. Source reduction is the riddance of waste before it is created. Recycling is the conversion of waste into reusable materials. In 2012
the total amount of municipal solid waste generated in just one year worldwide totaled up to 1.3 billion tons. This figure is projected to ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, they do sell reusable shopping bags to customers who forget to bring their own for an affordable price. Another city that is doing their part
to work towards lessening their generation of waste is Portland, Oregon. Portland prohibits the use of polystyrene foam containers in restaurants and
other retail vendors. This is to help them achieve waste production close to "Zero Waste". They want to be able to reach their goal of producing no
more than 10% of waste that will go into landfills. They have also given their residents guidance to purchase eco–friendly products by making sure they
are durable, recyclable, reusable, and biodegradable. There is the waste to energy system that was mentioned in the article as well. Several cities
have taken initiative to reduce waste by converting it to energy. This has allowed some districts to be able to provide energy to power school
buildings or heating systems for an entire community. City governments are trying to seek financial incentives too. They are trying out higher landfill
charges to encourage people to recycle or compost instead of throwing all of their waste away. This is similar to the "Pay As You Throw" system.
Recycling of materials such as plastics or aluminum in exchange for money is a form of refund system that cities also offer as an alternative to
throwing these materials into the trash. There was even a section about "Empowering

Does America have a Throw Away Society? Essay
Since 1955, after Life magazine named it so, the United States of America has been called "The Throwaway Society." In the United States, society is
based on the principal of convenience. In every aspect of life, Americans seek to maximize their output while minimizing their input. Americans buy
fast food so that they can eat without the burden of grocery shopping, cooking, or cleaning up. Americans get their clothes dry cleaned so that they do
not have to worry about the burden of washing, drying, and hanging up their own clothes. And Americans want everything in a neat, ready–to–use
package to avoid the burden of preparing it themselves. But these millions of disposable bags, disposable bottles, and disposable cups add up to be a
whole... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, plastic bottles tossed into the recycling bin will never again be plastic bottles because recycling plastic is too difficult. All in all, as
Captain Charles Moore says of the percentage of plastics that Americans recycle, "the under–five–percent of plastics recovered in our waste stream [is]
diddly–point–squat." This inefficiency shows that even if more waste was recycled, it would not be enough to compensate for America's extreme waste
generation.
The Consequences of a Throw–Away Society Are Severe, Visible, and Affect Humans
All of this trash means one thing: the current rate of waste generation in the United States is unsustainable; something must be done. The consequences
of the throw–away society mindset are already visible, not only on the environment, but on the economy as well. Excessive waste leads to waste
management fees, in addition to the cost of reproducing the disposed of products, the cost of the fuel to transport American garbage overseas, etc. All
of this extra expense adds up to a substantial amount of wasted money that negatively impacts the American economy.
But trash has a much more noticeable impact on the environment. The trash that does make it to a landfill still spreads toxins into the environment. But
even more problematic is that not all of the 500 billion pounds of trash generated

Chipper Shredder Essay
Meta: A chipper shredder is a gardening tool that every gardener must invest. The best chipper shredder can shred off dead leaves, tree branches, twigs,
and other organic wastes to make natural manure.
5 Best Chipper Shredder for Your Garden:
Find Out Which One is for you!
For many gardeners, it takes a lot of effort to keep your garden clutter–free. More often than not, we often find twigs and leaves all over our backyard
during seasonal changes. Cleaning up your whole garden requires too much effort and time. Aside from that, the excessive timber makes your garden
cluttered and congested. Many gardeners find this situation problematic and would often spend money on extra hand to clean the garden.
But with the advancement of technology, we don't have to worry about excessive timber anymore. You don't have to spend the whole day out cleaning
the garden nor spend more cash for an extra hand. With the help of the best chipper shredder, cleaning the garden from debris becomes an easier task....
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WHAT IS A CHIPPER SHREDDER?
A chipper shredder is a tool that chops and shreds branches, twigs, and certain woods into smaller pieces. It is also used as leaf and organic waste
shredder. This device can be used for both commercial and residential purposes.
A chipper shredder often runs on electricity, but recently, it can now run on gas fuel. Their blades are sharp, and they can shred any type of garden
waste. Chipper shredders have different types, varying in power, design, functionality, and portability.
https://pixabay.com/en/chop–bio–waste–garbage–garden–1255234/
This electric chipper shredder is working on the twigs and other debris in the garden

Utilization of Biodegradable Kitchen Wastes Into Organic...
Utilization of Biodegradable Kitchen Wastes into Organic Fertilizer Using Earthworms * Abstract
One of the effective means to at least lessen the occurrence of our present garbage disposal problem is through the use of methods that are non–toxic,
less expensive, less–harmful, and yet equally effective. This project aims to provide for a natural and effective way of disposing garbage.
During the experiment, kitchen wastes were collected. The materials were shredded and placed in garbage bags with small holes. The temperature
inside the bags was allowed to lower.
Three set–ups were prepared and were covered with plastic. The first box contained pure carabao manurd, the second box contained 70 percent carabao
manure and 30 percent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Every living cell contains nitrogen and its abundance leads to green, succulent growth.
Phosphorous occurs in the protoplasm, with its great concentration in seeds thereby increasing –their production. Potassium influences the uptake of
other elements and affects both respiration and transpiration (Fitzpatrick, 1974). * Methodology
Kitchen wastes, composed mainly of vegetable and fruit peelings, were gathered, shredded, and placed in garbage bags with small holes. Temperature
build–up inside the bags due to partial decomposition was measured and allowed to lower down for one month until three consecutive declining of
temperature were achieved.
Three set–ups measuring 15 x 8 inches were prepared and were covered with plastic. One box contained pure carabao manure, the other box contained
70 percent carabao manure and 30 percent processed kitchen wastes and the last box contained pure processed kitchen waste. About one hundred pieces
of Lumbricus terrestris were placed in each set–up. The boxes were placed in a lighted area to prevent the worms from escaping Since worms are
known to be light–sensitive. The set–ups were checked daily and watered to keep moisture. Upon consumption of the contents of the boxes, as
evidenced by the appearance of brown granular structures, the set–ups were spread on newspapers under the sunlight. The Lumbricus terrestris were
gathered. The resultant product, called "earthworm castings," were then sun–dried and passed

Bioplastic: Replacing All That Plastic
Bioplastic is becoming a big topic in our society because of excess of amount of waste plastic being used. Bioplastic decays much faster then regular
plastic. There are many ways bioplastic can be produced and many scientists are researching specifically making it with natural products. Scientist
figured out that high–leveled starch products are very effective when it comes to making of bioplastic. Bioplastic is a very fast developing technology
that will help the reduce the amount of plastics in landfills and usage of fossil fuels. Many of the products people used everyday are made from
plastic. Plastics consists of polymers which are chemical compounds made up of long chains of smaller molecules. Plastic is a necessity in the current
society, although to manufacture, it requires a fossil fuel. Fossil fuels are carbon–based fuel sources, such as oil and gas which is made from fossilized
plant and animal remains. Plastics are a bane to the environment because they are not biodegradable (cannot be broken down by decomposers), and
cause global warming. The price for production of biodegradable plastic will soon drop for 3 reasons. First, as the production of biodegradable
increase, the cost disadvantage will disappear. Second, oil and petroleum are a nonrenewable resource and the supply of will decrease. The supply is
limited and when it starts to run out the price will increase. And lastly, the world is trying to be more eco friendly and there are many researches going
on

Literature Review Of Waste Management
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
A.O. Coaker ,C.G.Achi, M.K.C. Sridhor, C.J.Donnett(2015) studied the current institutional solid waste management in a Nigerian private institution
of higher learning. Using key informant as interview and personal field observations, the waste generation rate, pattern and characterization was made.
It was concluded that if all the organic waste streams from the kitchens ,canteens and animal house are utilized for the bioenergy and organic fertilizer
and non–biodegradables can be sold in the secondary market and considerable amount of wealth can be recovered
R.Rajamanikam, G.Poyyamoli(2014) discussed the importance of waste stream analysis with special reference to the domestic waste to design and
develop sustainable solid waste management systems in the higher education institutions(HEIs) through a study conducted at staff quarters of aim
herry engineering college (PEC) . Solid waste was segregated into compostable(organic) , dry and special wastes. The results showed that the
average household solid waste was 1.76 kg/day. The composition of solid waste was found . It was also found that there was a considerable portion
of recyclables. Based on these findings programs and policies for improving source segregation , storage of recyclables , collection and transportation
and safe disposal methods to facilitate increased recovery rate towards forming an inclusive sustainable waste

Effect of the Different Types of Substrates on the...
I. Background of the Study: Official figures show that plastics make up around 25% of the garbage that metro manila churns out, while an
independent survey conducted by Eco waste Coalition and Greenpeace on the composition of discards on manila bay in 2006 found that 51% were
plastic bags,19% sachets and junk food wrappers, 5% Styrofoam, 1% hard plastics,10% rubber, 13% biodegradable wastes (Cayetano,
2008;www.senatorpiacayetano.com/psc/pressreleasedetails.php?recordID=175) Biodegradable plastics are degradable plastics on which the
degradation results from the action of naturally occurring micro–organisms such as bacteria, fungi , and algae (info@epi–global.com). These plastics
are broken down into water, carbon dioxide, methane and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another three aluminum trays ( 7' x 9" ) were labeled L1, L2, L3. Five hundred grams of loam soil were placed in each 3 tray. One hundred mL of tap
water were mixed with the soils. Plastics strips labeled C1, C2, and C3 were placed in trays labeled C1, C2 and C3 containing ( compost soils).
Plastics strips L1, L2 and L3were placed in trays L1, L2 and L3 containing ( loam soil ). Five hundred mL of ( sea water ) were placed each in three
glass jars. The jars were labeled S1, S2 and S3. In another three jars, 500mL of tap water were placed. The jars were labeled T1, T2 and T3. Plastic
strips labeled S1, S2 and S3 were placed in jars containing sea water while plastics strips T1, T2 and T3 were placed in jars containing tap water. The
plastic were immersed in different substrates last September 9, 2008. The set–ups were placed in the Biology laboratory room and were observed from
time to time. Physical observations of the plastic strips were made on the following dates: September 24, 2008,October 6, 2008, and November 15,
2008. Last November 15, 2008, the plastic strips were harvested from the different substrates. They were washed with tap water and air dried for 48
hours. Physical changes in each strip were noted and recorded. Pictures of the plastic strips were also taken to observe changes before they were
immersed in the different substrates and after immersion for about two months. The dry weights in grams of each plastic strips were

Speech On Good Choices
Thank you for an opportunity to participate in the webinar on Good Choices, Bad Choices: Environmental Rights and Environmental Protection in
Ontario. The webinar was very informative. You have highlighted many important environmental issues. For instance, it is very regrettable that was not
found a solution for mercury contamination in Northwestern Ontario area. As you mentioned, mercury is highly toxic and can cause extremely serious
health effects.
The mercury contamination can be present as a result of the broken fluorescent lamp in any household, office and industrial site. Mercury vapour can
be released into the air even at room temperature. The mercury air concentration after breakage of the fluorescent lamps can lead to a health ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Waste reduction in the circular economy is vital for climate change mitigation. However, non–recyclable waste products (e.g. contaminated plastic,
paper, diapers, medical waste, waste biomass, anaerobic digestion and industrial byproducts, etc.) are very difficult to recycle and reuse. Using
appropriate Waste–to–Energy technologies, non–recyclable waste can be converted into higher value clean energy products, diverted from landfills and
prevent contamination of air, water, and land. The circular economy could be based on emerging technologies of the applied Waste
–to–Energy
technologies and not limited to recycling. Therefore, "Ontario's Strategy for a Waste–Free Ontario: Building the Circular Economy" could include the
use of effective waste–to–energy technologies in the circular economy to extract energy from non–recyclable waste. The waste feedstock can be a
cost–effective and environmentally sound supply of clean energy source and replace a portion of fossil fuels. The waste potentially can be transformed
into various forms of clean energy products, such as electricity, hydrogen, liquid synthetic fuels, and "green" chemicals.
The circular economy could be based on emerging technologies of the applied Waste–to–Energy technologies and not limited to recycling, incineration
and anaerobic digestion. Incineration is a wasteful use

Eco Friendly And Edible Silverware
Eco–Friendly/ Edible Silverware Our environment has a lot of problems with waste that we create and it is getting more out of hand each year. Waste
is harming wildlife, rivers, plants, and humans. I have come up with a solution to this global problem and reasons why we need it. My solution is to
develop eco–friendly/edible silverware. Biodegradable means to have the capability of being able to decompose by bacteria and other living
organisms. Biodegradable products are made out of natural plant materials like corn or sugarcane. I believe biodegradable products is a good way
to reduce waste and keep our environment healthy, unlike plastic, which many products consist of. General everyday plastic is made out of one of
Earth's limited resources, oil. Oil takes up to three hundred million years to form. Also, oil based products that are not reusable, and end up in one
of the world's many landfills, which takes up to one thousand years to decompose. Oil based products also end being washed into seas or oceans,
and overtime the plastic products can release poisonous toxins, harming wildlife, or polluting nearby rivers. Comparing biodegradable products to
plastic products you can see that biodegradable products use up to seventy percent less carbon dioxide to produce than plastic products. It also only
takes twelve weeks for biodegradable products to decompose. Recycling waste is a simple answer to our problem, but instead the shortage of waste
treatment systems can resort in

Landfill Gas Generation And Collection From Waste
2.2LANDFILL GAS GENERATION AND COLLECTION FROM WASTE
Landfills are designed structures built into or on top of the ground to ensure refuse isolation. The design and operations act to ensure that there are
minimal effects to public and environmental health. MSW landfills have 6 components: 1] Bottom liner systems, 2] Refuse wells 3] Storm–water
drainage system, 4] Leachate collection systems, 5] methane collection systems, and 6] a covering cap. These components promote methane capture
[Sawyer, 2007].
1.Bottom Liner systems are usually constructed from puncture–resistant, plastic HDPE or PVC. These are used to prevent the movement of leachate
and LFG [Kim, 2003].
2.Wells are the most common methods of LFG extraction. Vertical Well... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Drainage pipes and storm water liners collect water from different areas in the landfill and channel it to collection ponds before it is pumped off–site
[Freudenrich, 2005].
4.Leachate Collection systems optimize landfill systems and are designed as fail–safes for the storm–water drainage systems. Whenever water
permeates through the landfill wells, it reacts with organic and inorganic contaminants and then becomes leachate. It is treated as sewage or wastewater
before it is released [Freudenrich, 2005].
5.Methane recovery systems are used to pump methane and carbon dioxide which is then collected and then transported to processing stations [Guo &
Song, 1996].
6.Landfill covers or caps are used to control moisture infiltration, mitigate the release of LFG, prevent and pests from rummaging through the refuse. It
also allows the site to be re–used in the future [Kim, 2003]. Figure 3: Typical Landfill Gas Recovery and Use Project Diagram Source:
Globalmethane.org
2.3FACTORS THAT AFFECT LFG GENERATION AND COLLECTION
I.Quantity of Waste Disposed: The amount disposed at the landfill is directly affects the amount of LFG generated. The more waste you have in the
well, the more LFG produced [Reinhart & Barlaz, 2010].
II.Waste Composition: Waste can be defined according to the relative biodegradability:
a)Readily biodegradable (such as food waste)
b)Moderately biodegradable (Paper waste and green waste)
c)Slowly biodegradable (Paper waste

Is Banning Plastic Bags the Best Option?
"Bhutan first banned the use of plastic bags in 1999. This was reinforced in 2005 and again in 2009. Now in 2013, we still see plastic bags in use"
Topic: Write an easy on weather banning plastic bags is the right approach to waste management or are there other means to achieve waste management.
Plastic bag waste has become one of the serious problems that have threatened the health of natural resources, ecosystem, biodiversity, animals,
human life and environment. We can see tens and thousands of people are throwing and using plastic bags every day. According to Oxford
Dictionaries (2014) they define plastic bags as "A synthetic material made from a wide range of organic polymers such as polyethylene, PVC,
nylon, etc., that can be molded into shape while soft, and then set into a rigid or slightly elastic form". According to Facts and Myths report of
2014 notes that every year over one trillion plastic bags are consume and used worldwide. China consumes almost 3 billion plastic bags yearly and
in every minute around 0ne million of plastic bags are consumed. The number of plastic user is increasing every year due to its extraordinary strength
and it's versatile for the consumers. Plastic bags can be classified into two categories that are biodegradable and degradable. Biodegradable are those
plastic bag that are made from plant–based material such as corn, wheat and etc... and they will biodegrade within six month if they are composted
where as degradable plastic bag are made

Environment Issues Of Hong Kong Essay
Environment Issues in Hong Kong
Introduction
Waste has been a common problem in most of the developed regions. Hong Kong is not an exception; the problem has been deteriorating as the
society develops and its population grows. The country produces waste huge amount every day and it is estimated to be increasing by 3 percent in
every year. According to the research conducted by Ambrose and Harris (2011), most of thewaste in this nation is handled by land–filling. Young
(2014) expressed a similar idea where he claimed that in 2003 the land is approximated to have received average daily waste of 17757 tonnes.
However, the existing landfills are anticipated to be filled within 8–10 years if the current trend of waste generation continues. However, Hong Kong
has a limited land resource, and it 's hard to find new land–filling sites. This raises the need to improve the situation ensuring continuous development.
One of the most notable types of waste is the waste resulting from packaging material. Packing is done basically to protect products from damaging
thus ensuring the quality of the product is preserved. Yucel and Ozkan (2015)by summarizing the work of many others claims that over the years,
consumerism has become more apparent influencing packaging to come up with various complex designs with a motive of attracting consumers. Cela
and Kaneko(2013) claimed that most of the packaging waste result from domestic activities accounting for 43 percent, followed by

Benefits And Benefits Of Recycling
Benefits of Recycling
Today, government agencies, environmentalists, and other environmental stakeholders are concerned with sustainable development. There is
increasing pressure on the environment due to high demand for natural resources. According to Sorvari, high population growth and increasing
economic activities have led to exploitation of resources at a rate that cannot be sustained by the environment (492). Some of the effects of
unsustainable economic activities include environmental pollution, destruction of biodiversity, food shortages, climate change, desertification, and
high poverty levels. As natural resource exploitation continues, there is a possibility that the environment may become completely depleted and unable
to sustain life. As a result, environmental stakeholders are searching for solutions to promote sustainable economic development. These solutions must
be implemented in all economic sectors, including manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and service sectors.
Recycling is one of the important solutions to environmental problems because of its well–known environmental benefits. According to Sidique, Lupi,
and Joshi, many environmental stakeholders, including government entities, institutions, and businesses, agree on the environmental and economic
benefits of recycling (164). Today, various economic sectors produce enormous quantities of wastes that are often harmful to the environment. Some of
the materials can be collected and processed into new

Literacy Task
Literacy Task
1PRODUCING BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC JUST GOT CHEAPER AND GREENER
The topic of this report is that producing biodegradable plastic just got cheaper and greener. What this report is about and how it relates to the society,
technology and the environment will be discussed.
Biodegradable plastic is plastic that is capable to decompose through the action of living organisms. It is originally from renewable resources and made
from natural materials such as corn starch. Biodegradable plastic is also an alternative source of plastic. To produce it, 'First, lactic acid is fed into a
reactor and converted into a type of pre–plastic under high temperature and in a vacuum', Professor Bert Sels explains(2015). These are only the some
of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It also leave harmful chemical remains on earth. As compared to normal plastic, biodegradable plastic takes a shorter period of time to decompose.
Normal plastic has harmful impacts on the environment such as affecting natural habitats and marine wildlife. In the final report for the department
for the Environment Australia, at least 77 species of marine fauna have been recorded as being impacted by plastic debris in Australian waters over
the last three decades (2009). The constant rise in biodegradable plastics of global production capacities in figure 4 increases the chances of
biodegradable plastic fully replacing plastic as an alternative

Pros And Cons Of Solar Energy
). It could be assumed from here that there should be effective government policies and initiatives towards making use of renewable resources and
cutting down the GHG emissions from burning of fossil fuels to move towards a sustainable development of their nations. The compensations of
non–renewable resources for future generations could be done if everyone replaces the fossil fuels by solar energy for power production. According
to Gorjian Shiva and Ghobadian Barat, Iran has many renewable resources which it put into use for production of energy. Iranian government makes
investments for renewable energy projects for not only getting rid of environmental effects, but also to achieve a feasible development. As the
country receives solar radiation in abundance, so they take advantage for production of electricity. It is surprising to know that if only 1% of the
deserts of Iran would be covered by solar collectors, then "the energy obtained would be five times more than the annual gross electricity production in
Iran (p.534). In same way many other countries which are located near to the equator like India, Africa could make use of this method and preserve
their non–renewable resources.
It could be concluded that solar energy is a great step towards sustainable development because it reduces the use of fossil fuels and cut down the
emission of greenhouse gases. For sustainability, government should invest for funding the installation of solar power projects and make the people

The Dangers Of Plastics And Its Effects Of Plastics
The destruction of the earth is becoming a more and more prevalent issue. Between water, air, radioactive, and even light pollution, the more advanced
humans become, the worse we seem to treat our planet. One of the most commonly used products that contributes greatly to the mistreatment of our
earth is plastic. Most plastics are made from petroleum or natural gas; non–renewable resources extracted and processed using energy–intensive
techniques that destroy fragile ecosystems. The manufacture of plastic, as well as its destruction by incineration, pollutes air, land and water, and
exposes workers to toxic chemicals, including carcinogens. It's not news that plastic is harmful to the environment, but how much damage is it really
causing? Plastic is everywhere around us and a huge part of our lives. Chemicals added to plastics are absorbed by human bodies. Some of these
chemicals have been found to alter hormones or have other potential human health effects. Along with effects on humans, plastic also very negatively
affects wildlife. Plastic debris, laced with the same chemicals that affect humans, are regularly ingested by marine animals. When plastic is "disposed
of" in landfills the chemicals spread underground and eventually find their way into our water sources. "One of the most ubiquitous and long–lasting
recent changes to the surface of our planet is the accumulation and fragmentation of plastics," wrote David Barnes, a lead author and researcher for the
British Antarctic Survey. Considering how detrimental plastic is to our world, one would expect that an alternative material would be utilized, and we
could be one step closer to having a cleaner earth. But unfortunately, like everything else in this world, it's all about money. Many alternative materials
that could replace plastic would be more expensive to produce and utilize, which isn't worth it for plastic producers. Despite there being many more
expensive replacements, there is one substitute that is efficient, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly: industrial hemp plastic.
Hemp has been grouped in with marijuana as the same thing and demonized as a drug. But, there is actually less than 0.5% THC
(Tetrahydrocannabinol) in hemp, which is the

Solution Of Environmental Pollution
Last year the United States alone, used over 39 billion plastic bottles of water. That is enough to wrap around the earth over 190 times. Global
warming is a growing problem because humans are eliminating trash improperly, car fumes are affecting the quality of air, and because of improper
oil disposal in the oceans. The pollution levels have been increasing lately.Pollution is the dumping of waste or any harmful substance that can have a
negative effect on the environment.Examples consist of the BP oil spill when tons of oil was spilled into the waters of the gulf of mexico,This put
animals in danger and the water was contaminated.Organizations have been coming together to find a solution to the pollution. The pollution has been
taking a toll on our environment all over the world.Global warming has been a major ongoing problem for a long time because humans are
eliminating recyclables improperly, fumes are affecting the air, and oil is disposed of in the oceans.
Pollution is still a ongoing problem in a lot of places.old incidents still can have an affect on the environment and the organisms within the
environment.events such as trash being put into the ocean a long time ago can affect today's organisms.many animals are found with cans or plastic
around their neck some even consume trash and it does not leave their system.this can cause damage to the organs of the animal and lead to death.
There has been cases where a seal had been found with

Key Concepts: Ubuntublox And Ecobricks
Key Concepts
SUSTAINABILITY
Sustainability is based around on simple yet effective principle: Everything that we need for our survival and well–being depends directly or indirectly
on our natural environment. Sustainability helps create the conditions under which humans and nature can co–exist in productive harmony. It permits
the fulfilling of social, economic and other needs of not only the present generation but also the needs of future generations to come. Sustainability
makes sure that we have and will continue to have resources to protect the human race and the environment, simultaneously. (EPA.2014)
SUSTINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Sustainable development requires that we see the world as a system that connects space and a system that connects time. Brunland Commission defines
sustainable development as: "development that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the regards to environmental sustainability and communities, the idea of people living inside waste/rubbish structures does not sit well with
some people. This is a not an argument of race but rather of class. Classism is of a sneaky and rather pervasive nature. Classism defined is "the biased
or discriminatory attitude based on distinctions made between social or economic classes." (meriam webster). The simple question is : How do the
people living in these upcycled structures feel about the structures?. While at the Open Design Festival some important questions were raised. Dillion
Phiri, from Creative Nestlings stated that he hopes the people behind the Eco–Bricks Exchange have considered that they're dealing with real people.
He went on further to say that although the design of the initiative was amazing the fact remains that real children will be within the Ecobrick walls of
the classroom being built. Dillion believes that the middle–class,

Biomedical Waste Management
SUBJECT : ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
TOPIC: BIOMEDICAL WASTE
F.Y. B.M.S.
INDEX
|SR. NO. |TOPIC |pg. no. |
|1 |An Overview of Biomedical Waste Management |3 |
|2 |Biodegradable & Non–degradable Wastes |6 |
|3 |Hazards associated with Poor Health Care Waste Management |7 |
|4 |Persons at risk of the hazards of medical procedures ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a study carried out in the family wing of a large hospital, he composition of wastes was bandages, gauze and cottonwood waste 34.1%, coal ash
31.6%, foliage 13.5 5, food waste 11.5 %, trash5.1 %, biological waste 2.3% and glass, bottles, etc. 1.8 %.
A 1988 study of AIIMS revealed that 67.5% waste originated from wards, 13.4 % from OPD and 19.1 % from the service area.
Waste management is generally not given the importance it deserves, because the intrinsic value of the waste materials as an object of further utility
has not been recognized. The net result is that a hospital tries to cut the expenditure involved in waste disposal by meager allotment of resources. A
clean hospital and good housekeeping have a direct effect on the health, comfort and morale of patients, visitors and hospital personnel alike.
Cleanliness radiates a cheer and a well–kept hospital would give the public a feeling of confidence.
INTRODUCTION

Biomedical Wastes
Biomedical wastes are defined as waste that is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals, or in research
activities pertaining thereto, or in the production of biological.
Biodegradable and Non Biodegradable Wastes
Biodegradable waste means any waste that is capable of undergoing anaerobic or aerobic decomposition, such as food and garden waste, and paper and
paperboard. It also includes waste from households, which

Eco Friendly And Edible Silverware
Allie Lyda
4/9/2015
period 5/6
Eco–Friendly/ Edible Silverware
Our environment has a lot of problems with waste that we create and it is getting more out of hand each year. Waste is harming wildlife, rivers,
plants, and humans. I have come up with a solution to this global problem and reasons why we need it. My solution is to develop eco–friendly/edible
silverware.
Biodegradable means to have the ability to decompose by bacteria and other living organisms. Biodegradable products are made out of natural plant
materials like corn or sugarcane. I believe biodegradable products are a good way to reduce waste and keep our environment healthy, unlike plastic,
which many products consist of. General everyday plastic is made out of oil, one of Earth's limited resources. Oil takes up to three hundred million
years to form. Also, oil–based products that are not reusable end up in one of the world's many landfills, which can take up to one thousand years to
decompose. Oil based products also can get washed into seas or oceans. Over time, the plastic products can release poisonous toxins, harming
wildlife and polluting nearby rivers. Comparing biodegradable products to plastic products you can see that biodegradable products use up to seventy
percent less carbon dioxide to produce than plastic products. It also only takes twelve weeks for biodegradable products to decompose.
Recycling waste is a simple answer to our problem, but instead, the shortage of waste treatment systems can

Marketing Mix Of Producing Bio Friendly Plastics
Table of Contents
Executive Summary1
1. Company Background2
1.1 Establishment2
1.2 General Objective3
1.3 Award and Success3
2. Market of ECOVATIVE Product in Bangladesh3
3. Marketing Mix analysis4
3.1 Product4
4. Mushroom Surfboards6
3.2 Price6
3.3 Place7
3.4 Promotion8
4. Production cost analysis8
Reference9
Executive Summary
The project focuses on a company ECOVATIVE that is producing bio
–friendly plastics those help to fulfill the human demand as well as save the
environment. The core focus is to develop a view to save the environment by using bio–friendly products and promote it on worldwide market as well

as satisfy consumer demand with low cost. The project also focuses on the 4p (Product, Price, Place and Promotion) positioning of bio–plastic.
The inner goal of this whole project is to replace and eliminate the synthetic and plastic materials like Styrofoam, plastic covering, and other types of
synthetic packaging with the new bio–technology called mushroom packaging. The synthetic materials like plastics require a large number of energy
to produce as disposal issues requirement and these materials are slowly poisoning our planet each and every time. One little bit of Styrofoam
substance consists of 1.5 liters of petrol. In addition, Styrofoam reaction is not so organic with soil material. Consistently individuals are producing 20
billion dollars of this material, in everything from building materials to surfboards and table tops.
According

Essay on Municipal Solid Waste a.k.a. Trash
Municipal Solid Waste
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is what is commonly known as trash or garbage. The continents of Municipal Solid Waste consist of array of inorganic,
organic, human solid waste, and hazardous materials. It has been said that in earlier history of waste management used open dumps as the popular
method of waste deposal. The waste method used to make deposal of the waste during pre–industrial were not advanced at all ,however, overtime this
has changed dramatically modern landfills are complex enterprises now. Solid waste landfills are now built to be environmentally friendly and have a
higher protection against contaminants and motoring groundwater contaminants (Landfills, 2014). In the modern landfills there is consists ... Show
Was everything associated with the early landfills great? No, the problems associated with early landfills consist of toxins contaminating the soil and
groundwater, leachate pollution, and greenhouse gases releasing methane into the atmosphere. Leachate travels through drains and water percolates
material can be extremely harmful to the water supplies (Editorial Board, 2014). It is imperative that the various pollutants be prevented from
contaminating groundwater resources. Methane is release into the atmosphere from landfills; paper waste, household waste, and food waste deposed of
and can produce methane release is highly flammable and extremely dangerous. Incomplete decomposition is the complete breakdown of carbon
dioxide, water, and carbon compounds (M.U.S.E, 2013). What is settling it has been said that settling is the decomposition of waste. The Altamont
Landfill one the baggiest landfill operating it is also an electricity–generating landfill with gas–powered turbines and windmills. The waste that is
processed at this particular site "non–hazardous municipal solid wastes, non–hazardous industrial and special wastes, de–watered wastewater treatment
plant sludge (bio solids), treated auto shredder wastes, contaminated soils, liquids for solidification, and friable asbestos wastes as noted by (Altamont
Landfill (n.d) ." The Altamont

Global Warming : A Potential Solution
Bioremediation: A potential solution to reduce our footprint
Industrialized societies are now tormented by several pollution problems that were largely unknown prior to WWII. Prominent among these problems
is environmental pollution of xenobiotic synthetic chemicals that fail to be recycled by microorganism and may be biomagnified with destructive
effects. Also, deforestation, land conversion, overhunting and the burning of fossil fuels are other human's activities that impact negatively our
ecosystem. Contributing to global warming, the devastation of the coral reefs, wildlife reduction, soil erosion and pollution. Contributing to global
warming, the devastation of the coral reefs, wildlife reduction, soil erosion and pollution. An ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Microbial metabolism in soils is essential for maintaining soil fertility and for plant growth. Bioremediation involves the use of microorganisms to
remove pollutants. For bioremediation to be considered as an applicable technology for cleanup of a pollutant, it is necessary to show that the chemical
or chemical mixture is biodegradable and that the process of bioremediation will not result in an inconvenient ecological side effects. However, various
factors influence the ecological proliferation and functioning of microbial populations. Microorganism have upper and lower tolerance limits as well as
optima in respect to temperature, radiation, pressure, salinity, water activity, pH, and redox potential. These factors are the same ones that limits the
power of bioremediation as a technique to reduce the accumulation of pollutants.
The two general approaches to bioremediation approaches are environmental modification, such as through nutrient application and aeration, and the
addiction of appropriate xenobiotic degraders by seeding. The end products of affective bioremediation include water and carbon dioxide that are
nontoxic and can be accommodated without harm to the environment. Using bioremediation to remove pollutants is inexpensive compared to physical
methods for decontaminating the environment. Whereas conventional technologies call for moving large quantities of toxic waste–contaminated soil to
incinerators, bioremediation

Treatment Methods On Physical And Chemical Characteristics...
Treatment methods:
Suitability of various treatment methods depends on physical and chemical characteristics of waste (Fig.1). The method of treatment is decided based
on moisture content, organic matter and total solids.
Biological Properties of MSW
Excluding plastic, rubber, and leather components, the organic fraction of most MSW can be classified as follows:
1.Water–soluble constituents, such as sugars, starches, amino acids, and various organic acids.
2.Hemicellulose, a condensation product of five– and six–carbon sugars,
3.Cellulose, a condensation product of the six–carbon sugar glucose
4.Fats, oils, and waxes which are esters of alcohols and long–chain fatty acids,
5.Lingnin, a polymeric material containing aromatic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The use of VS in describing the biodegradability of the organic fraction of MSW is misleading, as some of the organic constituents of MSW are highly
volatile but low in biodegradability (e.g., newsprint and certain plant trimmings). Alternatively, the lignin content of awaste can be used to estimate the
biodegradable fraction, using the following relationship [8]:
BF = 0.83 – 0.028 LC8
where BF= biodegradable fraction expressed on a volatile solids (VS) basis 0.83 = empirical constant 0.028 = empirical constant LC = lignin content of
VS expressed as a percent of dry weight
As shown in Table 7, wastes with high lignin contents, such as newsprint, are significantly less biodegradable than the other organic wastes found in
MSW.
4.hazardous waste definition
Characteristics of Hazardous Waste The Environmental Protection Agency of America (EPA) defines the characteristics of hazardous waste as:

1. Flammability and Ignitability The waste burns or explodes with the application of fire, friction, electricity spark, or any source of heat; wastes with
high ignitable potential and/or which burn vigorously and persistently. Such wastes have a flash point of less than 600 C. Examples: solvent washes,
waste oil, alcohols, aldehydes, paint wastes, petroleum wastes, cleaning solvents, etc. Flash point of a liquid is the lowest temperature at which it gives
off enough vapour to form an

Vegetable Waste Disposal and Management in Cebu City...
VEGETABLE WASTE DISPOSAL AND MANAGEMENT IN CEBU CITY PUBLIC MARKETS
A Research Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the School of Business and Economics
University of San Carlos
Cebu City, Philippines
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the course
Business Research BA109N
By
BOCO, MELISSA ANNE
DELA TORRE, NYMPHA ROSE
OZARAGA, MA.REBECCA
QUIJADA, MA.GABRIELLEN
SAN PEDRO, MA.LOURDES
January 21, 2013
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Organic vegetables and fruits are considered important food sources. They are generally inexpensive and though naturally low in fat and calories, they
are stillpacked with important nutrients. However, their tendency to spoil easily in their fresh and unpreserved stateresults in organic waste. ... Show
Applying efficient and effective vegetable waste management methods would produce a positive impact not only on the incomes of Cebu City public

market vendors but also on the Cebuanosociety as a whole and the community in which it lives.
Statement of the Problem
The researchers conduct this study to describe the methods for disposal and management of vegetable wastes in the public markets of Cebu City.
Specifically, the study attempted to answer the following questions: a. How much vegetable wastes are currently being disposed of in the public
markets in Cebu City? b. What method for disposal and management of vegetable wastes are currently implemented by the authorities that are
responsible for the public markets? c. How do public market vendors respond to these implemented disposal and management methods? What are their
attitudes and behaviors towards these methods? d. What are effective alternative methods of disposing and managing vegetable wastes in the public
markets of Cebu City?
Statement of Assumptions
It is assumed that the disposal of spoiled vegetables in the proper and most advantageous manner presents problems to public market vegetable
vendors, and that these vegetable vendors have their own strategies in disposing of spoiled vegetables which differ from market to market. It is also
assumed that the public market area is a factor that affects the

Food Waste As A Dystopia
Food waste is the food that people do not use and this food is being put into landfills. These landfills will eventually be too small for all the waste.
The concern that the world needs to have is that ordinary people are putting methane and nitrous oxide into the air because of our agriculture and
waste. This is getting people involved because they are leaving waste and trash on the public streets. This is costing the public people because they
are breathing in methane and toxic air. A dystopia is a world where everything is bad or unpleasant. Our landfills are reaching capacity and forming
a toxic atmosphere which will lead to a dystopia. We can improve the atmosphere by not throwing so much out and cleaning our environment. Some
states are doing more than others to help control the amount of food being thrown out. The state of Massachusetts placed a ban in October. It stated
if an institution has one ton of waste a month they are not allowed to put in in a landfill (Axelrad). Although, this ban might not have been a good
idea because these institutions do not know where to put their waste. They could put their trash on the streets for the public to see. This ban could
make institutions pay more because they do not know where to put their waste and they have to find somewhere to put the trash so the waste is not
on the streets (Axelrad). This means there will be boxes and bags of trash all over the streets. Some people hope that this new ban will make new
ideas for waste

Marine Debris
Issue Analysis: Marine Debris In an article written by Adam Vaughn for The Guardian, the issue of marine debris is briefly addressed while a
solution to the issue is analyzed. Marine debris can be commonly known as plastics in the ocean, and Vaughn's article analyzes biodegradable plastics.
While this essay will not analyze biodegradable plastics, solutions to the issue are an important part of creating a picture of the issue at hand. Marine
debris, or plastic in the ocean, is an issue in consequence to its negative environmental impact. It is not common for this negative environmental impact
to be argued against. It is more common for this negative environmental impact to be ignored for the sake of human convenience. In one perspective ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
More importantly both articles also focus on highlighting consumer awareness and alternatives to plastics. Specifically, both McGlade and the
authors of the academic article use context to encourage consumers to think about plastic, it's necessity, and it's consequence. Another specific point
is that both articles use examples of how plastic impacts marine life. The article written by Vaughn uses the example of jellyfish and how plastics
allow them to broaden their range in the ocean and affect the food chain of other marine life. The academic article uses the example of marine life
ingesting marine debris causing death within different species. Both of these examples can serve as evidence to marine debris interfering with the
biodiversity of the ocean. As jellyfish disrupt the food chain the cycle of disrupted food source will continue down the chain as the issue worsens. As
marine life ingests plastics and die–off marine food chains are affected even further. To sum up, both articles use examples that analyze the issue of
marine debris, and both articles turn to the need for change that can solve the problem. Whether the change be technologies that have real
biodegradability or alternate human behaviour all the writers understand the steps that need to be

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Recycling Plastic
Introduction
Plastic in its various forms is the most useful but cheap invention that mankind has ever made . Having widespread applications from industries to
minute household stuff, its utility cannot be expressed in a few sentences.
But, at the same time, plastics possess a property which makes nature quite vulnerable to their misuse. This property namely is
NON–BIODEGRADABILITY. By closely observing the structure ofplastic, we come to know that plastic is made of extremely strong carbon–carbon
bonds, which cannot be easily broken down into small units by any natural processes. This property of non–biodegradability poses a serious threat to
the environment.
So what is the solution to this problem? This problem has a simple, yet effective ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* It has a better Particle compression ratio of 3/1 to 5/1.[6]
* Most importantly, this works on the principle of continuous compressions, wherein plastics are not physically damaged due to plastic's less
deformable nature. This can be explained with the data [6] that fracture point in the stress strain graph for plastic material such as Polypropylene
may be as high as 80 Mpa, whereas that of organic material such as wood is 40 Mpa. Other organic things are easier to break. So, if we apply a stress
between these two critical pressures we can break the organic matter keeping the plastic intact. The exact value should be optimised experimentally.
(a) (b)
Fig.(a ) Animation and (b) Details of Jaw Crusher[2]
Only organic wastes entering the jaw crusher are crushed into finer particles. Plastics remain intact. This will help in better biodegradation of the
organic wastes as it will increase the surface area of the particles so that microbes can attack the organic wastes easily.
Biodegradation of organic wastes
Different microorganisms transform the organic compounds into simpler compounds ultimately releasing CO2, CH4, water as the main products,
reducing the volume and weight of the organic wastes and increasing proportion of plastic in waste, making the separation of plastic

Advantages Of Straw Bale
Abstract: Our country is known worldwide for Agriculture as its major Industry. As per results till 2011, India had a large and disparate agricultural
sector, counting, on an average, for around 16% of GDP and 10% of the total export earnings. Land area of arable land in our country is 159.7
million hectares (394.6 million acres) which is listed as the second largest of world, first is The United States. India is among the top global producers
of many crops that includes wheat, cotton, pulses, rice, ground–nuts, fruits and vegetables. According to same study in 2011, in the world, till then,
India had the largest numbers of buffalo and cattle, and amazingly was the largest producer of dairy products and has fastest growing and largest poultry
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This isdue to the exceptional insulating properties of the bales.
Healthy Choice
Straw bales are a healthy choice. They do not contain the paints, chemicals, glues and toxins Combined with clay and lime renders and natural paints or
oxides to finish the structure, straw bale walls can breathe and provide a natural, fresh and healthy living environment. The thick walls seal out noise.
Cost Advantage
Straw bale is a low cost material. At best, the bale walls can reduce your overall budget by 5 to 10 %. But you'll be getting more than twice the
insulation value and great aesthetic potential, and savings in energy costs will stay with you for the life of the buildings. Heating costs can be reduced
by up to 75% annually compared with modern style housing.
Structural Capabilities
Research has shown that structural load bearing straw bale walls can withstand loads of more than 48,826 kg/m2. In the load–bearing straw bale
method, walls of up to 3 stories have been constructed, with infill walls, in post and beam type structures; the straw does not take weight

Cassava as an Ideal Bioplastic
Cassava starch as an effective component for Ideal Biodegradable Plastics
A Science Investigatory Project presented to
Philippine Women's College of Davao
In partial fulfillment
Of the requirements in Science and Technology IV (PHYSICS)
To
Mr. Kenny Lloyd L. Angon
Physics Teacher
By
Gabriel AraГ±as
Danielle Andrea M. Ibaos
Jascha Bridget Lim
John Vergel Mori
Grade 10 – Probity
March 2013
Acknowledgement
Before I acknowledge the people who supported this Science Investigatory Project, I dedicate this project for the people who believe on the quote
which is "Less is more". I shall formally dictate all the people who supported this Science Investigatory Project, first and foremost, God who have
given us the time ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They consume growing amounts of energy and other natural resources, degrading the environment in numerous ways. In addition to using up fossil
fuels and other resources, plastic products create litter, hurt marine life, and threaten the basis of life on earth. There is over 45 million tons of

plastics per year and nearly every piece of plastic ever made still exists today because of its long–life properties. Biodegradable plastics could be an
effective solution to all of these problems. Biodegradable plastics are a much better choice than non–biodegradable plastics because they are friendlier
to the earth and the environment. Biodegradable plastics break down faster, can be recycled easier and are non–toxic. With these characteristics of
biodegradable plastics, we could help save lives and the environment as well and reduce the threat plastics give to marine life. Plastic, the wonder
material that we use for everything, is perhaps the most harmful of this trash because it does not readily break down in nature but if it is
biodegradable, these plastics break down faster so they have a much shorter effect on the earth, and they will degrade completely. Normal plastics are
manufactured using oil, and this process is very harmful to the environment by polluting the air and environment, but this is not the case with green
biodegradable plastics. Using biodegradable plastics will minimize the effects that these products

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Waste
Waste is unwanted material that needs to be disposed of. It may include materials leftover from manufacturing procedure or from households. They
can be discarded straightaway or can be treated by recycling. It can comprise a wide range of materials like papers, cards, plastic, glass, metals, textiles,
used needles, body parts, food waste, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, radioactive materials, and medical devices.
Refuse means discard of worthless materials. It means trash. It refers to combustible trash e.g. paper, boxes, wood and non combustible trash e.g.
metals, tin, concrete, glass.
Sullage is the used water, also known as gray water. It can be recycled instead of disposed of. It is a mixture of water, soap, detergent, bleach and dirt
but it does not include ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is mainly composed of organic waste such as animal excreta, soiled water, plastics, pesticides and waste oils.
Hazardous waste contains toxic substances which can be a risk to the environment. It can be corrosive, inflammable or explosive. Most of this type of
waste is from gas stations, auto repair shops, mineral processing sites and industries. It also involves sources that discharge liquid, gaseous or solid
waste. Products include heavy metals, sulphuric acid, contaminated wastewater, organic chemicals, cyanide, solvents, ammonium compounds,
chromium compounds and phosphates.
Municipal waste includes solid waste generated by households and commercial establishments and then collected by government authorities. Mainly it
is due to waste by street cleaning, landscaping, from recreational areas and wastewater treatment plants. It is made up of residual waste, bulky waste
and litter collections.
Construction and demolition waste contains debris from construction and demolition of buildings and other infrastructure. It contains concrete, wood,
metals, glass and other similar

Food : Causes And Effects Of Waste Food
We all remember that time going to dinner with our grandparents, them wanting to order a nice meal for us. Then looking at it, and trying our hardest
to eat everything, even the fat. Most of our grandparents grew up in the "Baby Boomer Generation" or "The Silent Generation" where they were taught
to eat everything on their plate even if it did not taste good. To today's standard, people think that the "Millennials" waste food. Food is to be considered
a loss if it is thrown away or allowed to spoil. Twenty–five million tons of food go to waste a year by grocery stores, restaurants and various food
vendors. According to Food Waste "food waste refers to the intentional rejection and discard of edible food that occurs on the retail and consumption
side of the supply chain." Consumers in America are guilty for throwing out another 43 percent of food resulting in twenty–seven million tons of
wasted food. About $218 billions of food is wasted yearly in the United States. Seventeen percent of food loss comes from comes from
manufacturers such as farms. Millions of tons of food go to waste each year, leaving causes and effects of food waste and people wondering what
the state, business and individuals can do to help reduce food waste. Food waste. Who wants it or by those matters, who wants food waste. Food loss
can be caused from millions of ways during the process; starting with agricultural production all the way to us as consumers. Developing countries have
food waste that

The Capstone Problem Statement : The Long Term Effect Of...
The capstone problem statement: The long term effect of plastic not being recycled properly and thrown into the environment will be devastating.
Thiers enough plastic water bottles to actually stretch around the earth three times. The energy we waste using plastic water bottles would be enough
energy to power 190,000 homes. Plastic bottles make up to nearly 63% of all plastics accumulated in streams, lakes, and rivers. There are billions of
tons of plastic in the oceans causing a substantial amount of damage to marine wildlife. Plastic is so common its injuring humans chemically 93% of
all humans over the age of 6 are tested positive for the plastic chemical BPA. The production of plastic water bottles has increased the amount of
plastic accumulated in water sources while also damaging humans and wildlife. Plastic water bottles decompose after dozens of years and if
incinerated, they will release harmful chemicals into the atmosphere, for example chlorine gas and ash containing heavy metals.
The Enviromental toll of plastics–(TETOP–Enviromentalhealthnews.org):
Synthetic polymers in the marine environment–(SPME–LTT–sciencedirect.com) A rapidly increasing, long–term threat
(SPME–LTT–sciencedirect.com) This article shows the effects of plastic in an ocean ecosystem and other water sources. Synthetic polymers in the
marine environment also details how plastic in marine environments has consequences not just for marine animals at the surface, but for marine
organisms in the

Environmental Issues And Food Waste
Introduction
Food waste is one of the most wasteful forms of consumption in Australia. Research shows that we commonly waste food because too much food was
cooked; goes off before the best before date, too much has been purchased, inadequate stock or poorly planned meal and menus. (Love Food Hate Waste
. 2015) Around forty–seven percent of the wastes produced in metropolitan areas are typically food and green waste. Over 4.2 million tonnes of food
waste is disposed to landfill in Australia each year. Around 1.5 million tonnes of this comes from the commercial and industrial sector, costing around
$10.5 billion in waste disposal and lost product– not to mention the effect on our environment. (Bowling. D 2015)
Scope of Study
Area of Study– Contemporary + Future Issues This is topic is mainly focused on contemporary issues and food waste is considered to be contemporary.
The focus questions that will underpin the investigation include the following:
1.Guiding Question 1: What type of general waste is generated by food businesses and why is it a concern?
2.Guiding Question 2: What are the current strategies being implemented to minimize food wastage?
3.Guiding Question 3: What would encourage or prevent business from taking greater responsibility to minimize their food waste?
Methodology
This investigation used both primary and secondary sources, majority of which being books, websites, videos, surveys and interviews. Interviews were
planned to be conducted with

The Factors Of Food Waste In Public Schools
Growing research shows steady increase in food waste throughout the globe. One largely contributing factor is food waste produced from the public
schools. The amount of food wasted in schools, according to the USDA, has ranged between 10–37% of calories served (Buzby, J., Guthrie, J., 2002).
It is difficult to compare public–school waste to global amounts due to the scarcity of specific data –– this would depend on region, economic status and
additional factors associated with how and why food is wasted in schools. Having said that, this is a large enough problem that it is actively noticed and
prompting intervention. With these numbers rising, food waste negatively impacts costs for the community, carbon emissions, water use and more.
However, students in the public schools are not completely to blame, as some factors affect food waste after the implementation of some lunch
programs, which are targeted to increase encourage students to reach their recommended adequate intake of nutrients, such as the Healthy,
Hunger–Free Kids Act of 2010 (Hakim, S., Meissen, G., 2017). Likewise, food serving methods have also played a role in the amount of food wasted
by students, by using the "offer model" and "serve model" approaches in cafeterias. A non–exclusive list of other issues affecting food waste in schools
are: socioeconomic status, accessibility of food at home, the time of day food is consumed, the amount of time given to eat, student activity level,
health limitations or

How Food Waste Management Is Implemented On A Local Scale...
Waste is seen as a sign of human success, where the more waste that is generated the wealthier the human population is (Bulkeley, H et al 2009). The
world produces enough food to provide for twice the number of the present population which is ironic looking at the global number of malnourished
people. Politically, the more we buy the better our economy will be, but finding the balance between economic development and environmental
sustainability is key to extending the social, cultural and economic lives of things (Bulkeley, H et al 2009). Downs (1972) states that "environmental
problems have a life cycle where there is an increase in people becoming motivated to make a change, but as time goes on they lose interest and
abandon all effort" (Eden, S 2005). In this essay we will look at how the human population needs to take responsible actions to help humanity and the
environment. The John McIntyre Conference Center is an example used to show how food waste management is implemented on a local scale. It shows
how much food waste Edinburgh University students discarded without taking into consideration the future health and environmental hazards. The
"JMCC" have taken steps to ensure a level of education regarding food waste for the students and staff, as well as investing in improved policies and
equipment to limit wastage. We then go one step further and look at how the Scottish Government has implemented sustainable policies for Edinburgh
households and their effectiveness.

The Problem Of Waste Solution

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