forensic nursing advance nursing practice Dorthy E Johnson's Behavioural System Model

1. M.Sc. Forensic Nursing
ADVANCE NURSING PRACTICE

2. Johnson’s
Behavioural
System Model
Prepared By :
Ms. Krupa Patel
M.Sc. Forensic Nursing

3. Dorothy E Johnson (1919-1999)

4. WHO IS JOHNSON?
 Dorothy E Johnson was born on August 21, 1919, in Savannah,
Georgia.
 From 1949 until her retirement in 1978, she was an assistant
professor of pediatric nursing.
 In 1955 and 1956, Johnson was a pediatric nursing advisor
assigned to the Christian Medical College, school of nursing in
Vellore, South India.
 Then an associate professor of nursing at the University of
California in Los Angeles.
 In 1950s and 1960s, as Johnson developed her model an increased
number of observational studies on child and adult behavior
pattern were published during these same year general system
theory was also discussed.

5. WHO IS SHE?
 In 1968, Johnson first proposed her model of
nursing care as the fostering of
“The efficient and effective behavioral functioning in
the patient to prevent illness.”
 In 1980, Johnson published her conceptualization of
the Behavioral System Model for Nursing.
 In 1992, Johnson articulated that much of her
thinking was influenced by Florence Nightingale.
 In 1999, she died.

6. ABOUT BSM MODEL
❖ Theoretical Background
 Influenced heavily by Florence Nightingale’s
book, Notes on Nursing.
 Used the work of behavioral scientist,
psychology, sociology, and ethnology to form her
subsystems.
 Also relied on the system theory and used
concepts and definitions from Rapport, Chin, von,
and Buckley.

7. CONCEPTS
OF
BEHAVIORAL
SYSTEM
MODEL
❖ HUMAN BEING :
 The “Human being” as having two major systems, the biological
system which is the focus of medicine; and the behavioral system
which is the focus of nursing.
❖ SOCIETY :
 “Society” relates to the environment in which an individual exists,
where the environment has influence on the individual’s behavior.
❖ HEALTH :
 “Health” is a purposeful adaptive response to internal and external
stimuli in order to maintain stability and comfort.
❖ NURSING :
 “Nursing” has a primarily goal to foster equilibrium within the
individual and maintaining balance in the Behavior system in the
state of illness.

8. RELATIONSHIPS TO THE METAPARADIGM
Nursing: It is seen as an external force -the goal is to maintain and restore an
individual's behavioral systems balance through imposing temporary regulatory or
control mechanisms through resources.
Person: It is a behavioral system with patterned, repetitive, and purposeful, ways
of behaving that link to person to the environment.
Health: It is a lack of balance in the structure or functional requirements of the
subsystems lead to poor health.
Environment: They are all factors that are not part of a person’s behavioral.

10. BEHAVIOURAL
SYSTEM
SUBSYSTEMS
Attachment – Affiliative : Social Bonds
Dependency : Helping or Nuturing
Ingestive : Intake
Eliminative : Excretion
Sexual : Procreation and Gratification
Achievement : Efforts to gain mastery and control
Aggressive – Protective : Self-protection and
Preservation

11. ATTACHMENT OR
AFFILLIATIVE SUBSYTEM
Social inclusion intimacy and the formation and
attachment of a strong social bond.
It provides survival and security

12. DEPENDANCY SUBSYTEM
Promote helping behavior calls for nurturing
response.

13. INGESTIVE SUBSYTEM
It serves the board function of appetite satisfaction .which associate
with psychological, social and biological consideration.

14. ELIMINATIVE SUBSYTEM
Human cultures have different social acceptable behaviors for
excretion waste but the existence of such a pattern remains
different from cultures to cultures.
It means when, how and under which condition we eliminate.

15. SEXUAL SUBSYTEM
Both biological and social factor affect the behavior in the
sexual subsystem.

16. AGGRESSIVE SUBSYTEM
It relates to the behavior concerned with the protection and self
preservation Johnson views aggressive subsystem as one that
generates defensive response from the individual when life or
territory is being threatened

17.  Stems from Nightingale's belief that nursing’s goal is to help
individuals prevent or recover from disease or injury.
 Nursing focuses on the basic needs of the person and has
concern for relationship between the person and the
environment.
 It is concerned about the person who is ill and not the illness.
 Is based on a pre-existent body of knowledge and is
developed from a number of different disciplines including
psychology, sociology, and ethnology.
 Uses concepts from other disciplines including social
learning, motivation, sensory stimulation, adaptation, tension,
and stress.
BASIC POINTS
ON
BEHAVIORAL
SYSTEMS
MODEL

18.  Relies heavily on the “systems theory”.
 A system consists of interrelated parts functioning.
 Goal of the model is to maintain and restore balance in the
patient by helping him achieve a more optimal level of
functioning.
 Johnson used observations of behavior over many years to
formulate a general theory of man as a behavioral system.
The model focuses on social behavior.
 Behavior is the sum of biologic, social, cultural, and
psychological behaviors. It is goal oriented, and goals are
an organizing framework for all behavior.
 It is a conceptual grand theory.
BASIC POINTS
ON
BEHAVIORAL
SYSTEMS
MODEL

19. EXAMPLE
A 67-year-old man is admitted to the hospital for diagnostic test after CVA, he has been married and father
of two adult children who lives in same city, he came with right side weakness ,expressive aphasia and
slurred speech and other problems.
Assessment Behavioral
assessment
• Attachment:(family,
friends)
• Dependency:(on other
physically, financially)
• Ingestive:(decrease
appetite, difficulty
swallowing)
• Elimination:(walk to
bathroom)
• Aggressive –
protective:(worry of
travel and wife)
• Achievement: (relearn
walk ,talk and ADLs)
Nursing diagnosis
• Insufficient
development of the
affiliative subsystem
• Insufficient
development of
dependency subsystem
Planning And Nursing
Intervention
• External regulatory
forces that should
protect stimulated and
nurture the behavior
system.
• Explanation and
teaching the patient
family and friends.
Evaluation
• Balance and
equilibrium.

20. MODEL’S CRITICS
DEMERITS (CONS)
 Focused on hospitalized and ill stricken
patient
 Failure to incorporate the nursing process
 Limited publication
 Difficult to use in high level research
 Undefined outcomes
MERITS (PRONS)
 Logical in Nature
 Concepts are interrelated
 Assumptions are descriptive
 Simple
 Very little “new language”
 Significant impact of nursing

21. LIMITATIONS
 Johnson does not clearly interrelate her concepts of subsystem .
 The definition of concept is so abstract that they are difficult to use.
 It is difficult to test Johnson’s model by development of hypothesis.
 The focus on the behavioral subsystem makes it difficult for nurses to work with physically
impaired individual to use this theory.
 The model is very individual oriented so the nurses working with the group have difficulty in
its implementation. Johnson’s behavioral system model is not flexible.

22. CONCLUSION
About Dorothy E Johnson.
About this Model.
Basic concept of BSM.
BSM model.
BSM subsystem.
Example of nursing process.
Critics of Models.

23. Assignment
 List out the places where the Behavioural System Model is used.
 What is the relevance of Dorothy Johnson’s Behavior System Model
to your own area of nursing (Forensic)?
 How can Johnson’s theory be applied during an in-hospital stay?

24. REFERENCE
 George, J. Nursing theories: The base for professional nursing practice. (5th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall
 McEwen, W. & Wills, E. Theoretical basis for nursing. (2nd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
 Martha Raile Alligood : Nursing Theorist and their work. (8th edition).Elsevier.
 Octaviano, E. & Balita, C. Theoretical foundation of Nursing: The Philippine perspective. Ultimate
Learning Series
 Tomey, A. & Alligood, M. (2002). Nursing theorists and their work. (5th ed.). Mosby Inc.
 https://www.currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/behavioural_system_mode l.html
 https://nurseslabs.com/dorothy-e-johnsons-behavioral-system-model.html
 http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/biolib/hc/biopages/djohnson.html