Betty Neuman Report Nursing

1. THE
BETTY NEUMAN
SYSTEMS MODEL
Lyca Mae Aurelio BSN I-D

2.  Theorist - Betty Neuman - born in
1924, in Lowel, Ohio.
 BS in Nursing from University of
California, Los Angeles in 1957 ; MS in
Mental Health Public Health
Consultation, from the same school in
1966; Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology at
Pacific Western University.
 A pioneer in the community mental
health movement in the late 1960s.

3.  Began developing her health system
model, while a lecturer in community
health nursing at University of
California, Los Angeles.
 The models was initially developed, in
response to graduate nursing students
expression of a need for course
content, that would expose them to
breadth of nursing problems, prior to
focusing on specific nursing problem
areas.

4.  The model was published in 1972 as “A
Model for Teaching Total Person
Approach to Patient Problems” in
Nursing Research.
 It was refined, and subsequently
published in the first edition of
Conceptual Models for Nursing
Practice, in 1974, and in the second
edition in 1980.

5. Neuman’s model was influenced by:
• The philosophy writers Dechardin and
Cornu ( on wholeness in system).
• Von Bertalanfy and lazlo or general
system theory.
• Selye on stress theory.
• Lararus on stress and coping

6.  Betty Neuman describes the
Neuman Systems Model as “a
unique, open-system-based
perspective that provides a
unifying focus for approaching a
wide range of concerns.
 A system acts as a boundary for a
single client, a group, or even a
number of groups; it can also be
defined as a social issue.
 A client system in interaction with
the environment delineates the
domain of nursing concerns.

7. Views the client as an open system that
responds to stressors(disrupting system) in
the environment.
ENVIRONMENT

8. The client variables are physiological,
psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and
spiritual.
Physiological
Psychological
Socio-cultural
Spiritual
Developmental
Physiochemical structure
and function of the body.
Mental processes and
emotions.
Relationships; and
social/cultural
expectations and
activities. Influence of spiritual beliefs.
Development over the lifespan

9. The client system consists of a basic or core structure that is protected
by lines of resistance.
CORE
LINE OF
RESISTENCE

10. The usual level of health is identified as the normal line of defense that
is protected by a flexible line of defense.
CORE
LINE OF
RESISTENCE
NORMAL LINE
OF DEFENSE
FLEXIBLE LINE
OF DEFENSE

11. Phenomenon named STRESSOR could penetrate both the flexible
and normal lines of defense, resulting in either a positive or
negative outcome.
STRESSOR

12. Stressors are intra-, inter-, and extrapersonal in nature.
INTRAPERSONAL
Intrapersonal stressors are those
that occur within the client system
boundary and correlate with the
internal environment.
INTERPERSONAL
Interpersonal stressors occur
outside the client system
boundary, are proximal to the
system, and have an impact
on the system.
EXTRAPERSONAL
Extrapersonal stressors also
occur outside the client
system boundaries but are at
a greater distance from the
system that are interpersonal
stressors. An example is
social policy.

13. Stressors arise from the internal, external, and created environments.
 The internal environment exists
within the client system.
 The external environment exists
outside the client system.
 The created environment is an
environment that is created and
developed unconsciously by the
client and is symbolic of system
wholeness.

14. When stressors break through the flexible line of defense, the system
is invaded and the lines of resistance are activated and the system is
described as moving into illness on a wellness-illness continuum.

15. If adequate energy is available, the system will be reconstituted with
the normal line of defense restored at, below, or above its previous
level.
ENERGY

16. Nursing interventions occur through three prevention modalities:
Primary prevention relates to general
knowledge applied to clients assessment to
identify stressors
before they occur.
Secondary prevention relates to
symptomatology. These are interventions
generally initiated after an encounter with a
stressor.
Tertiary prevention relates to the adaptive
process, as reconstitution begins and moves
back towards primary prevention. These are
the interventions initiated after
treatment

17. METAPARADIGM

18. • Person is viewed as an open
system that interacts with both
internal and external
environment forces or stressors
• The human is in constant
change, moving toward a
dynamic state of system
stability or toward illness of
varying degrees.

19. The environment is a vital arena that is germane to the
system and its function. The environment may be viewed as
all factors that affect and are affected by the system. In
Neuman Systems Model identifies three relevant
environments: (1) internal, (2) external, and (3) created.

20. • Health is defined as the condition
or degree of system stability and is
viewed as a continuum from
wellness to illness.
• When system needs are met,
optimal wellness exists.
• When needs are not satisfied,
illness exists.
• When the energy needed to
support life is not available, death
occurs.

21. • The primary concern of nursing is to
define the appropriate action in
situations that are stress-related or in
relation to possible reactions of the
client or client system to stressors.
• Nursing interventions are aimed at
helping the system adapt or adjust and
to retain, restore, or maintain some
degree of stability between and among
the client system variables and
environmental stressors with a focus
on conserving energy.

22. ACCEPTANCE
BY NURSING
COMMUNITY
OR
APPLICATIONS

23. 1.Nursing Practice
 The human systems model is being
used in diverse practice setting.
 Holistic approach in the care of the
patients.
 The model can be used to guide
practice with client in critical care, to
provide, stable support group for
parents with infants in neonatal
intensive care units and to meet the
needs of home caregiver in case of
clients having cancer, HIV/AIDS.

24. 2. Nursing Education
 The Neuman’s system model is effective
in conceptual transition among all level of
nursing education.
 It can be a basis for continuing education
after graduation facilitating professional
growth.
 It provide a nursing focus as opposed to
medical focus.
 It provide framework to study individual
illness and reaction to stressors.
 This model is broad enough to allow
educational programs to consider family
as the context within individual live or as
unit of care.

25. 3. Nursing Research
 The identification of congruence
between the client’s perception of
stressors and the Method of
collecting and analyzing data for
identifying client problems give
nurses perception of solve client
stressors.

26. Nurse should view individual client holistically and considers variables
(physiological, psychological, socio-cultural, spiritual and developmental)
Environment that surround a client are internal, external and created.
University of California, Los Angeles graduate of BS Nursing and MS in
Mental Health, Public Health Consultation is the author of theory. Neuman
teaching programs at the same school paved the way for developing her
nursing model.
Maintenance of the client system stability through primary, secondary
and tertiary nursing intervention prevention to reduce stressors.
Analytical theory focusing on the response of patient system to stressors
(intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extra-personal).
Nursing research was the form used to publish the theory in 1972
entitled “A Model for Teaching Total Person Approach to Patient
Problems”. It was refined and published in the first edition of Conceptual
Models for Nursing Practice, in 1974, and in the second edition in 1980.

29. MECHANICS:
IN 5 GROUPS
• Each group will receive a total amount of Php. 6,500
 2 pcs Php 500
 2 pcs Php. 1,000
 1 pc Php. 1,500
 1 pc Php. 2,000
• The team will bid if the statement popped on screen is true within 15
seconds.
• For example, if the statement is true and the group bid a total amount
of Php. 1,000, they will also get Php. 1,000 as a reward.
• But if the statement is false and the group bid a total amount of Php.
1,000, also Php. 1,000 will be deducted from their money.
• Take note that the amount of money to be rewarded or deducted relies
on the amount of money the group bid.
• The group can only bid one piece money, they should choose from the 4
amounts of money (500,1000,1500, and 2000).
• The group can use “PASS”. When they use “PASS”, zero amount of
money will be rewarded or deducted from their savings.
• After all the statements have been read, the group with the most
money wins.

30. Betty Neuman - born in
1934, in Lowel, Ohio.

31. FALSE
Betty Neuman - born in
1924, in Lowel, Ohio.

32. Environment acts as a
boundary for a single
client, a group, or even a
number of groups; it can
also be defined as a social
issue.

33. FALSE
System acts as a boundary
for a single client, a group,
or even a number of groups;
it can also be defined as a
social issue.

34. The client system consists of
a basic or core structure that
is protected by lines of
resistance.

35. TRUE

36. The client variables are
physical, emotional,
sociocultural, developmental,
and spiritual.

37. FALSE
The client variables are
physiological, psychological,
sociocultural, developmental,
and spiritual.

38. Phenomenon named stressor
could penetrate both the
flexible and normal lines of
defense, resulting in either a
positive or negative outcome.

39. TRUE

40. The usual level of health is
identified as flexible line of defense
that is protected by a the normal
line of defense.

41. FALSE
The usual level of health is
identified as the normal line of
defense that is protected by a
flexible line of defense.

42. When stressors break through the
flexible line of defense, the system
is invaded and the lines of resistance
are activated and the system is
described as moving into illness on a
wellness-illness continuum.

43. TRUE

44. Tertiary prevention relates to the
adaptive process, as reconstitution
begins and moves back towards
primary prevention. These are the
interventions initiated after
treatment.

45. TRUE

46. Client system arises from the
internal, external, and created
environments.

47. FALSE
Stressors arise from the internal,
external, and created environments.

48. The environment is a vital hospital
that is germane to the system and
its function.

49. FALSE
The environment is a vital arena that
is germane to the system and its
function.

50. END