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1. Human
Trafficking
By : Nur Khairunnisa

2. Definition
 The recruitment, transportation, transfer,
harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the
threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of
abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of
power, or a position of vulnerability, or the giving
or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the
consent of a person having control over another
person, for the purpose of exploitation
-Serious Organize Crime Agency (SOCA)

3. A Working Definition:
 In the simplest terms, human trafficking is the
movement of a person from one place to
another into conditions of exploitation, using
deception, coercion, the abuse of power or the
abuse of someone’s vulnerability
-Serious Organize Crime Agency (SOCA)

4. Sex
Trafficking
Labour
Trafficking
Organ
Trafficking
Child
Trafficking

5. Sex Trafficking
• Victims are often
provided with false
travel documents and an
organized network is
used to transport them
to the destination
country, where they find
themselves forced into
sexual slavery and held
in inhumane conditions
and constant fear

6. Labour Trafficking
• Men, women and children are engaged in agricultural and
construction work, domestic servitude and other labour-intensive
jobs.

7. Organ Trafficking
• This is when people are
trafficked so that their
organs can be sold to be
used in transplants
• The health of victims,
even their lives, is at risk
as operations may be
carried out in clandestine
conditions with no
medical follow-up.

8. • Mohammad Saleem had his kidney
illegally removed by an organ-trafficking
in Gurgaon, India.
• “When I woke up after several
hours, I felt a pain in my right
side," Saleem recalled, sitting on a
metal cot in a city hospital ward.
"The men said, 'We have removed
your kidney, and you better not
breathe a word about it.' . . . How
can I support my family now and
bring home the bread? I cannot do
heavy construction work now - I
feel weak and dizzy all the time “
• Saleem was the latest in a long list
of poor laborers who had come to
Gurgaon to work and lost their
kidneys as a result. Police say they
were victims of a major organ-trafficking
racket based in the city
for nearly a decade.
• http://www.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2008/01/31/indi
a_uncovers_an_illegal_kidney_ring/

9. Child Trafficking
Jan 26th 2013 | TONGZHOU
Source : http://www.economist.com/news/china/21570762-curb-widespread-trafficking-abducted-children-officials-
and-parents-are-turning-social

10. Types of Child Trafficking
• Forced labour
• Sexual exploitation
• Children in armed forces
• Child begging

11. Forced labour
• Forced child labour refers
specifically to children used
for labour who are under the
stipulated minimum age,
usually 14 and the lowest.
• *UNICEF estimates that, in
2011, 150 million children
aged 5–14 in developing
countries were involved in
child labour.
*UNICEF = The United Nations Children's Fund
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trafficking_of_children
• the International Labour
Organization reports that most
child laborers - 60% - work in
agriculture

12. Sexual exploitation
According to the International Labour
Organization, sexual exploitation of children
includes all of the following practices and
activities:
• "The use of girls and boys in sexual activities
remunerated in cash or in kind (commonly
known as child prostitution) in the streets or
indoors, in such places as brothels,
discotheques, massage parlours, bars, hotels,
restaurants, etc.“

13. • "The trafficking of girls
and boys and adolescents
for the sex trade“
• "Child sex tourism“
• "The production,
promotion and
distribution of
pornography involving
children“
• "The use of children in sex
shows (public or private)”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trafficking_of_children

14. Children in armed forces
Children conscripted into the
armed forces can then be
used in three distinct ways:
• Direct roles in hostilities
(combat roles)
• Supporting roles (such as
messengers or spies)
• For political advantage
(such as for propaganda
purposes)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trafficking_of_children

15. Child begging
• Forced child begging is a
type of begging in which
boys and girls under the
age of eighteen are forced
to beg through
psychological and physical
coercion
• Begging is defined by the
Buffalo Human Rights Law
Review as "the activity of
asking for money as charity
on the street.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trafficking_of_children

16. Root causes of Human Trafficking
• A lack of political, social and economical stability
• Situations of armed conflict and oppression
• Domestic violence and disintegration of the family
structure
• Gender discrimination
• Lack of access to education and information
• A lack of public awareness of the dangers of
trafficking

17. The
Effects of
Human Trafficking

18. • Their sexual and reproductive health is not cared for, which can
result in sexually transmitted diseases (ex. HIV/AIDS,
gonorrhea, Chlamydia, syphilis), menstrual problems,
miscarriages, forced or coerced abortions, and sterility.
• Lack of skills for independent living:
- lack the basic skills necessary to live
- They may not understand how to use national currency
or the role of government agencies, police, the courts, or
banks.
• Some may not be able to make:
- inquiries, exercise choice, make purchases, grocery shop, and
take public transportation.

19. various mental health effects :
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Depression
- Disconnection from feelings and flat affect
- Anxiety disorders
- Self-blame
- Hopelessness, helplessness
- Nightmares – dreams of rapes, physical abuse
- Spiritual disruption
- Self-care issues
- Sleeping issues
http://restoreavoice.org/blog/physical-psychological-effects-of-sex-trafficking/

20. Where do the
survivors go?
Who helps them?

21. • The Trafficking Act has released significant
federal dollars into local communities to
develop such services, administered largely
through the Department of Health and
Human Services' Office of Refugee
Resettlement (ORR) and the Department
of Justice's Office on Violence Against
Women (OVAW) and Office for Victims of
Crime

22. • Under the Trafficking Act, trafficking survivors
can receive federal assistance for refugees,
such as Medicaid, Refugee Cash Assistance,
housing, Food Stamps and longer-term
services, but only if they are willing to
participate in the prosecution of the
trafficker. (Human Right Quarterly, 2007)