2. OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION
Introduction
Earthquake Resistant Methods
Base Isolation Devices
Energy Dissipation Devices/ Seismic Dampers
Techniques Under Research
IS Codes For Earthquake Resistant Designs In India
References
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3. INTRODUCTION
An earthquake is
the shaking of the surface of the Earth,
resulting from the sudden release of energy
in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
They are natural disasters of a generally unpredictable
nature.
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5. METHODS
Basic approach is to reduce the earthquake generated forces acting
upon the building; rather than strengthening it.
Two main techniques:
Base Isolation
Energy Dissipation Devices
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6. BASE ISOLATION DEVICES
Base Isolation Devices – separate building from building
foundation by bearing pads.
Lead Rubber Bearings
Spherical Sliding Isolation Systems
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7. BASE ISOLATION DEVICES
Supported by a series of bearing pads which are placed
between the building and the building's foundation.
In case of an earthquake:
Fixedbase building
deform and are damaged.
Base isolated building
rocks back and forth like a
boat.
Shaking is
reduced by
as much as 5 times
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8. ENERGY DISSIPATIONDEVICES (SEISMIC DAMPERS)
Special devices introduced in building
absorb the energy produced by seismic
waves.
•Viscous Dampers utilized the forced
movement of fluids within the damper
•Friction Dampers these utilize
frictional forces to dissipate energy
•Metallic Dampers utilize the
deformation of metal elements within the
damper
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9. TECHNIQUES UNDER RESEARCH
1. SHAPE MEMORYALLOYS
Bounce back after experiencing large loads.
Used in bearings, columns and beams and connecting
elements.
Most common alloys used are copper-zinc-aluminum-
nickel, copper-aluminum-nickel or nickel-titanium.
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10. TECHNIQUES UNDER RESEARCH
2. MUSSEL FIBERS
Elastomeric fibers combine stiffness and flexibility which helps
mussel to attach to hard surfaces.
Construction materials made of a similar blend of firm and
flexible parts could help buildings withstand high-stress forces
during an earthquake.
Ratio of stiff-to flexible fibers = 80:20.
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11. TECHNIQUES UNDER RESEARCH
3. VISCO-ELASTIC DAMPERS CST30
Two layer of high damping rubber sandwiched between
steel plates.
Absorb energy produce from vibrations.
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12. 3. VISCO-ELASTIC DAMPERS CST30
Advantages over traditional damping system.
Effective utilization of interior space.
Improvement in the degree of freedom of design.
Accepts different vibration types.
High performance and high quality.
Environmental friendliness.
Maintenance free.
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13. WORK ON EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE
IN INDIA
In India, base isolation technique was first demonstrated after
1993 Killari earthquake. Two single storey buildings were
built with rubber base isolators resting on hard ground.
The four storey bhuj hospital building was built with base
isolation technique after 2001 bhuj earthquake.
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14. IS CODES FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
DESIGN
IS 1893 (Part 1), 2002, Indian Standard Criteria For Earthquake
Resistant Design of Structures (5th revision).
IS 4326, 1993, Indian Standard Code of Practice for Earthquake
Resistant Design and Construction of Buildings (2nd revision).
IS 13827, 1993, Indian Standard Guidelines for Improving
Earthquake Resistant of Earthen Buildings.
IS 13828, 1993, Indian Standard Guidelines for Improving
Earthquake Resistant of Low Strength Masonry Buildings.
IS 13920, 1993, Indian Standard Code of Practice for Ductile
Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to
Seismic Forces.
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