socialstudies

1. PRESENTATION ON
PROVINCE 1
Made by: Namas Thapa Magar
Editedby: Bishnu Karki

2. Province No. 1
Province No. 1 lies in the eastern-most part of Nepal. It consists of 14 districts between
northern and southern national boarder of the country. In the north lies some highest
Himalayan peaks such as Everest (8,848m) and Kanchanjungha (8,586m). The centre has
captivating hills and the south is flat plain. The province borders with India in the south and
east, and China in the north.
This province is drained by the Saptakoshi with its seven tributaries which are all fed by the
Himalayan snow. The Koshi is the largest river in entire Nepal and, like all rivers, flows
southward to join the Ganges in India. The Koshi has the largest capacity of generating
hydroelectricity. The Mechi flows along the eastern border with India while the Kankai drains
the centre. Naturally, the high north of this province is very cold, not suitable for vegetation
and agriculture. Pine forests and shrubs grow in warmer areas. There are extensive grasslands
further south. Cool and wet hills in the centre are covered in deciduous monsoon forests. The
hot Terai gets enough rain in summer, brought by the monsoon winds form the Bay of
Bengal. Sometimes the incessant rain causes great havoc triggering landslides and floods.
Sagarmatha National Park and Kosh-tappu Wild Life Reserve are among the major protected
with ecological and economic value.

3. Province No. 1 has diverse population. The Himalayan region is inhabited by Sherpas ,Tamangs,
Lepcha, etc. The Sherpas are famous porters, mountaineers and guides. Their income is high. Rais
and Limbus along with the Brahmins and Chhetris abound the Hilly regin. The southern plain is
inhabited by people of various Terai communities along with Brahamins and Chhetries. The Rais
and the Limbus exclusively join the British and Indian armies. Religious sites such as Baraha
Kshetra, Pativara and Halesi Mahadev are popular among visitors.
The chief occupation of the people of the southern part is farming. Fertile land, sufficient rainfall
and irrigation facilities are favourable for cultivation of diverse types of food crops and cash
crops. Cash crops such as jute, sugarcane and tobacco are cultivated in the plain and lower hills.
Ilam and Jhapa are very famous for tea gardens Cardamom (Alaichi0 grows well n many hilly and
mountainous districts such as Illam, Panchthar and Tehrathum. These cash crops have good
markets and are highly exported abroad.
This province has made much progress in industry, trade and business. Biratnagar is a famous
industrial city in the whole country. It is the place where the first large scale industries of Nepal
started. They were the Biratanagar Jute mills (1993 BS) and Sugar Factory (2003 BS). Many types
of industries are running in several other places too such as Itahari, Damak, Inaruwa, Dharan and
Duhabi.

4. Introduction
:
• Province 1 (proposed names:
Koshi/Purbanchal/Sagaramatha) is the easternmost of the
seven provinces established by the new constitution of
Nepal which was adopted on 20 September 2015 or 3rd Asoj
2072.
• It covers an area of 25905 sq. km, about 17.5% of Nepal's
total area and has the population of 4534943.
• With the industrial city of Biratnagar as its headquarter,
province 1 also covers other major eastern towns including
Damak, Dharan, Itahari, Inaruwa and Birtamod and includes
several mountains including the Everest, Kanchenjunga, and
Ama Dablam. The largest river of our country Koshi,
circumvents the province 1’s western boundary. The
province is bordered by the Tibet Autonomous Region of
China to the north, the Indian states of Sikkim and West
Bengal to the east, and Bihar to the south, and Bagmati
Pradesh and Province No. 2 to the west

5. History:
• At the end of Rana regime, Nepal was divided into 32 districts.
Eastern Nepal (Province No. 1) contained following districts:
Morang, Udayapur, Ilam, Dhankuta, Bhojpur and Okhadhunga.
• In 1956, eastern districts of Nepal grouped in a region named
"Arun Kshetra". Arun Kshetra was composed by grouping the then
5 districts. Those 5 districts are now divided into many districts.
Arun Kshetra had total area of 7,000 square miles (18,000 km2) and
total population was 11 Lakhs.
• However, later in 1962 the administration restructured the “kshetra”
system cancelled and Nepal was restructured into 75 development
districts and those districts were grouped into zones as well. In
1972 it was named Eastern Development Region
After the cabinet meeting
held on17th January 2018,
the city of Biratnagar was
declared the interim capital
and in 6th may 2019 it was
permanently declared after
getting votes for its favor.

6. Geography:
• The province has three-fold geographical division:
Himalayan in the north, Hilly in the middle and Terai in the
southern part of Nepal, varying between an altitude of 70 m
and 8,848 m. Terai which is extended from east to west, is
made up of alluvial soil. To the west of Koshi River, in
between Mahabharat Range and Churia Range, there
elongates a valley called Inner Terai. Churai Range,
Mahabharat Range and other hills of various height, basins,
tars and valleys form the hilly region. Some parts of this
region are favorable for agriculture but some other parts are
not. Himalayan region, in the north, consists of many
mountains ranges. Mahalangur, Kumbhakarna, Umvek,
Lumba Sumba and Janak being some of them. The highest
mountain in the world, Mount Everest (8848.86 m); and the
third highest mountain, Kangchenjunga (8598 m) also lie in
this province.
The lowest point is
Kechana Kawal at 70m
and the Highest Point
is Mount Everest at
8,848 m.

7. Climate:
• Climatic conditions of Nepal vary from one place to
another in accordance with their geographical features.
Province No. 1 has three geographical folds: the low-
land of Terai, the hilly region and the highlands of the
Himalayas. The low land altitude is 59 to 70 m,
whereas the highest point is 8848 m. In the north,
summers are cool and winters severe, while in the
south, summers are tropical and winters are mild.
Climatically, the southern belt of the province, the
Terai, experiences a warm and humid climate.
Nepal receives
approximately 2,500
millimeters of rain
annually. Province No.
1 has five seasons:
spring, summer,
monsoon, autumn and
winter

8. More Facts:
• Districts: 14 (Taplejung, Panchthar, Ilam, Sankhuwasabha, Therathum, Dhankuta, Bhojpur, Khotang,
Solukhumbu, Okhladhunga, Jhapa, Udaypur, Morang and Sunsar
• Federal Constituencies: 28
• Provincial Constituencies: 56
• Metropolitan City: 1 (Biratnagar)
• Sub Metropolitan City: 2 (Dharan and Itahari)
• Municipalities: 46
• Rural Municipalities: 88
• Earning Activities: Farming (Tea, Jute Cardamom along with rice maize etc.)
• Tourism Centers: Everest area, Namche, Ilam, Biratnagar, Pathivara etc
• Castes of People: Rai, Limbu, Lepcha, Rajbhanshi, Koche, Tharu, Dhimal, Meche etc along with brahmins and
chhettrys.
• Protected Areas: Sagarmatha National Park, Makalu Baran National Park, Makalu Baran Conservation Area,
Kanchenjunga Conservation Area and Koshi tapu wild life reserve.

9. THANK YOU
Made By: Namas Thapa Magar