Science

1. Conservation of forest and its management
Presented by (Roll no 16-20):
Niyati Pandey
Prabin Gautam
Pramish Bhattarai
Prasamsha T.Magar
Pratyush Adhikari

2. POLLUTION IS THE INTRODUCTION OF
SUBSTANCES (OR ENERGY) THAT CAUSE
ADVERSE CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
AND LIVING ENTITIES .
” POLLUTION NEED NOT ALWAYS BE CAUSED
BY CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES SUCH AS
PARTICULATES (LIKE SMOKE AND DUST).
FORMS OF ENERGY SUCH AS SOUND, HEAT
OR LIGHT CAN ALSO CAUSE POLLUTION.
Pollution(Definition)

3. Types of Pollution
 There are different types of pollution:
Water pollution, air pollution, solid
waste pollution and noise pollution. ...
Air pollution can be caused by gases or solid
particulates. Soil pollution is linked to
groundwater pollution. Solid waste can produce
highly polluting leachate which contaminates soil
groundwater.

4. Management of pollution
 Reduce the number of trips you take in your car.
 Reduce or eliminate fireplace and wood stove use.
 Avoid burning leaves, trash, and other materials.
 Avoid using gas-powered lawn and garden
equipment.
 (Using non-toxic or less toxic chemicals as
cleaners, and other maintenance chemicals.)
 Reduction of forest fires and smoking. ..

5. Air pollution

 Air pollution is the presence of substances in the
atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and
other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to
materials. There are many different types of air pollutants,
such as gases, particulates, and biological molecules

6. SO what about the sources of air pollution..?
Here we go..,
 mobile sources – such as cars, buses, planes,
trucks, and trains.
 stationary sources – such as power plants, oil
refineries, industrial facilities, and factories.
 area sources – such as agricultural areas, cities, and
wood burning fireplaces.
 natural sources – such as wind-blown dust,
wildfires, and volcanoes.

7. Water Pollution
 Water pollution can be defined as the contamination of a
stream, river, lake, ocean or any other stretch of water,
depleting water quality and making it toxic for the
environment and humans.
 There are two types of water pollution:
 1.Organic pollution due to microorganisms - bacteria and
viruses - present in the water, generated by excrement, animal
and vegetable waste
 2.Chemical pollution generated by the nitrates and phosphates
of pesticides, human and animal drugs, household products,
heavy metals, acids and hydrocarbons used in industries

8. Sources of water pollution
 Direct sources include effluent outfalls from factories,
refineries, waste treatment plants etc.. that emit fluids of
varying quality directly into urban water supplies. In the
United States and other countries, these practices are
regulated, although this doesn't mean that pollutants
can't be found in these waters.
 Indirect sources include contaminants that enter the
water supply from soils/groundwater systems and from
the atmosphere via rain water. Soils and groundwaters
contain the residue of human agricultural practices
(fertilizers, pesticides, etc..) and improperly disposed of
industrial wastes. Atmospheric contaminants are also
derived from human practices (such as gaseous emissions
from automobiles, factories and even bakeries).

9. Soil Pollution
Soil pollution is removal or harmful substance which
makes soil polluted. It is also known as the presence
of toxic chemical in soil. It is caused by the
xenobiotics ( human-made). It is the thin layer of
organic and inorganic materials that covers the
Earth rocky surface.

10. Causes of Soil Pollution
Any four causes of soil pollution are as follows:
 Industrial Waste
 Garbage pollution
 Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides
 Acid Rain

11. The forest is one of the major forms
of the natural landscape. Forest
resources are valuable as an
integral part of the ecosystem, from
the commercial point of view, and
as providers of shelter to wildlife. It
is said that forests provide the raw
materials for over 5,000 products
worth about 23 million dollars.
Forests are still the natural habitats
of several species of plants and
animals. Several tribal groups of the
world like in the forest.

12. Importance of Forest
 Forests help in maintaining water cycle on earth.
 Forests being a huge reserve of plants and trees, they
play a significant role in balancing oxygen level in the
atmosphere.They also help to maintain the
temperature of the atmosphere.
 Forests prevent soil erosion on Earth. The trees that
are present in the forests bind the soil strongly from
the roots. Thus, this results in soil being prevented
from erosion.
 Forests purify the air of pollutants, including carbon
monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and fine
dust. They can also help purify contaminated soils.

13. Conservation of forest
 What is conservation of
forest?
-Forest conservation is the
practice of planning and
maintaining forested areas
for the benefit and
sustainability of future
generations. Forest
conservation involves the
upkeep of the natural
resources within a forest
that are beneficial for both
humans and the ecosystem.

14. Methods of forest conservation
 Regulated and Planned cutting of trees.
 Control over forest fire.
 Protection of forest
 Proper utilization of forest products and forests .
 Terrace farming must be encouraged .
 Celebrations of functions, festivals should be
preceded by tree plantation .
 Use of wood as fuel should be discouraged .

15. Management of forest
 What is forest
management ?
- Forest management is
a process in which
forests are tended,
harvested and
regenerated. Forest
management helps to
avoid the extinction of
thousand of animal and
plant species that are
disappearing due to
deforestation.