2. Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)
• Invented by M.D.Morris in 1979.
• It attempts to measure quality of life
• Three components
• 1.life expectancy
• 2.basic literacy
• 3.infant mortality
3. • The PQLI shows improvement in quality of life with increase in life
expectancy fall in infant mortality rate and rise in basic literacy rate.
• Index is scaled from, 0-100
4. Human Development Index (HDI)
• Lord Meghnad Desai and Amartya Sen invented the HDI.
• Three social indicators
• 1.longevity
• 2.educational attainment
• 3.standard of living
• The value range from, 0-1
5. Gender related Development Index (GDI)
• It is an index designed to measure gender inequality published by UNDP
• Introduced in the year 1995.
• It is the HDI adjusted for gender inequality
6. Gender Empowerment Index(GEM)
• Introduced by UNDP ,1995
• It indicates whether women are able to actively participate in
• 1.political Participation
• 2.Economic participation
• 3.dscision making process
7. Human Poverty Index(HPI)
• Introduced by UNDP in 1997.
• It is a measure of deprivation in the three basic dimensions of HDI
• 1.longevity-%of people died below the age 40
• 2.Adult literacy
• 3.Deprivation index-it measures standard of living of people
8. Multidimensional Poverty Index(MPI)
• Developed in 2010
• It is an index which measures acute multidimensional Poverty
• The index is use the same 3 dimensions of HDI
9. Global Hunger Index(GHI)
• Developed in 2006, the international food policy and research institute
• It measures the progress and failures in the global fight against Hunger
• It is updated once in a year.
