Description of family planning methods

2.  Family planning means to plan and limit
the size of the family in accordance with
the social, economic and health
conditions so as to ensure that the family
is happy both physically and mentally.
 Replaced by family welfare-related to
quality of life.
 Family # community # nation.
 Small family- economically better family

3. I. Temporary methods
II. Permanent methods

4. A. Temporary methods:
1. Natural methods
i. Sexual abstinence method*
ii. Coitus interruptus* (withdrawal method)
iii. Safe period
iv. Basal body temperature method
v. Cervical mucus method
vi. Vaginal washing method

5.  Temporary methods:
2. Spacing methods:
a. Barrier contraceptives (mechanical methods)
i. Condom*
ii. Diaphragm
iii. Intrauterine devices
b. Chemical methods
i. Foam tablets
ii. Contraceptive creams and jellies
iii. Soluble tablets
iv. Oral contraceptives.

6. B. Permanent methods:
a. Vasectomy*
b. Tubectomy
c. Laparoscopy
d. Medical termination of pregnancy

7.  Complete stoppage of sexual contacts.
 Complete effective method
 Employed specially on unhealthy
condition of the partner

8.  Withdrawal method
 Penis is withdrawn from vagina just
before ejaculation.
 No artificial device is required.
 Failure rate is very high 10-20%

9.  Women normally produces one ovum
every month roughly 10th to 20th day after
the onset of menstrual cycle (unsafe
period)
 Avoid sexual intercourse during this
period

10.  Temperature of body at rest
 During menstrual cycle BBT raises atleast
0.4°F because of release of progesterone after
ovulation.
 Chart is prepared for several months data.
 Rise in temp indicates ovulation period
 During that period intercourse is avoided.

11.  Based on changes takes place in cervical
discharge during menstrual cycle.
 Changes in amount, color and touch.
 After menstrual bleeding, no mucus is
observed (dry days)
 After dry days sticky, transparent and watery
mucus discharge- ovulation stage.
 Because of the secretion of harmones
oestrogen and progesterone.

12.  Washing vagina immediately after
intercourse.
 Water mixed with vinegar, alum, salt,
lemon juice, soap is used.

13.  Very thin sheath of rubber latex or silicon
which can be stretched according to size.
 Oldest and widely used method.
 Used along with a spermicide.
 Protection against STD.

14.  Dome shaped device made up of soft
rubber or latex and fitted with a spring in
its rim.
 Varying sizes 50 to 105 mm but common
is 70 to 80 mm
 Left in vagina for 6 hrs, then removed,
washed with soap water and preserved.

15.  Inserted into uterine
› Lippes loop- double S shaped device made of
polyethylene.
 Attached with small nylon threads.
 Contains small amount of barium.

16. › Copper-T- made of PE and copper wire is
wrapped around the device.
 Nylon threads
 May be replaced every 3-5 years.

17.  Tablets containing spermicidal agent and
are inserted deep into vagina after
moistening with water just 5-10 mins
before the intercourse.
 Produce thick foam which will reduce the
mobility of sperm and kills the sperm
cells.

18.  Introduced into vagina with the help of
applicator
 Melts at body temperature and provides a
thin film acts as chemical barrier.
 Aerosols

19.  Pessaries
 Contains spermicidal agents
 Releases at body temperature.

20.  Contains small amounts of oestrogen
and progesterone.
 Effective and reversible method
 Prevents pregnancy by inhibiting
ovulation.
 Each packet contains 28 pills
 Starting from 4th day of menstruation.

21.  Simple operation- 15 to 20 mins.
 Small cut on both sides of the scrotum.
 Cut has made on to the Vas deferens and
tied up to prevent the flow of sperm cells
into the semen.
 Does not require hospitalization.

22.  Small piece of each fallopian tube is
removed by cutting and the ends are tied
up so as to block the passage of ovum.
 Hospitalization for 5 to 7 days.

23.  Specialized instrument called Laparoscope.
 Vaginal Hysterectomy
 Through a small opening on abdomen.
 Fallopian rings are applied on to the fallopian
tubes to stop the passage of ovum.

25.  Abortion:
 Expulsion or removal of an embryo or foetus
from womb at a stage of pregnancy.
 Death due to illegal abortions performed by
untrained persons.
 Abortions under insanitary conditions.
 Unskilled efforts and dirty apparatus.
 To save the lives of women due to illegal
abortions in 1971 an Act was introduced i.e.
Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971.

26.  Scope of the Act: Legalisation of abortions
which can be done by a qualified doctor
under certain conditions.
 Wide publicity should be given.
 Medical termination of pregnancy should
not be considered as family planning.
 Repeated termination of pregnancy is
harmful to women.
 If pregnancy occurs due to failure of
contraceptive methods.

27.  Conditions under which pregnancy can be
terminated under MTP Act:
› To save the life when there is danger due to
pregnancy.
› To prevent injury to the physical or mental health
of the mother.
› On humanitarian grounds where the pregnancy
has occurred due to rape.
› Where there is a substantial reason to believe
that the child to be born would suffer from
physical or mental abnormalities.
› When the pregnancy occurs due to failure of
contraceptive method.
› If there is a fear that the environment or the
circumstances of the pregnant woman may cause
injury to her health.

28.  MTP should be done by a qualified doctor
in a hospital which have the necessary
equipment and facilities under safe and
hygienic conditions and also should be
approved by govt.
 Usually no complications but sometimes
fever or menstrual disturbances.
 If pregnancy is to be terminated, then it
must be as early as possible, preferably
Before 12 weeks.

30. For the patient listening