This manual helps the UG students to update the knowledge on material testing laboratory with different material.

1. MATERIAL TESTING LAB
MANUAL
Prepared by
Venkatraman Narasiman.,B.E.,M.E.,MISTE, (PhD).,
Lecturer in mechanical engg,
Wollega university,
Nekemtee,Ethiopia.
Dr.Temesgen.,PhD
Dean of Engineering science and technology
Wollega university,
Nekemtee,Ethiopia.
Tadesse beyenee.,MSc..,
Head of the department in mechanical Engineering,
Wollega university,
Nekemtee,Ethiopia.

2. Acknowledgement
I wish to express my thanks to Dr. Eba Mijena, president, Wollega university,
Nekemtee, Ethiopa for the encouragement to prepare this lab manual.
I wish to express my thanks to Dr.Dungana,Acadamic Vice president,Wollega
university,Nekemtee,Ethiopa for the encouragement to prepare this lab manual.
I also wish to thank Dr.Temesgen, Dean, College of engineering and
technology, Wollega university, Nekemtee, Ethiopia for his valuables ideas for
quality.
I also wish to thank Mr. Tadesse beyene, Head of department, Mechanical
Engineering Department, Wollega university,Nekemtee,Ethiopa. Working under
their guidance is of immense pleasure and very worthful in the context of
knowledge.
I also wish to thank Mr. Abera, Lab technician, Mechanical Engineering
Department, Wollega university,Nekemtee, Ethiopa who helped me during the
lab activity.
I am very thankful to my parents, friends and colleagues for their
encouragement and support in building up this lab manual which is more help
full for our students.
My family, I love them dearly.

3. Content
Note :
Atleast minimum of 5 experiments should be conducted for each semester.
S.N Topic Page number
1 Safety Guideline 1-3
2 Impact test machine 5-8
3 Rockwell hardness number 9-12
4 Torsion test 13-16
5 Creep test 17-20
6 Vickers hardness test 21-24
7 Brinell hardness test 25-28

4. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 1
MATERIAL TESTING LAB
Safety Guidelines
1. Read through the procedures of each laboratory activity before you start the lab so that
you are familiar with them.
2. Know how to locate and use all safety equipment in the laboratory, including the fume
hood, emergency shower, first aid kit, fire blanket, fire extinguisher, and eyewash. Also
be sure to locate the nearest exit in case of an emergency.
3. Avoid dangerous behavior in the laboratory.
4. Always conduct your experiments with adult supervision.
5. Wear safety goggles when handling all hazardous chemicals, working with an open
flame, or when otherwise instructed.
6. Wear an apron or a smock to protect your clothing in the laboratory when using
chemicals.
7. Tie back long hair, and secure any loose-fitting clothing.
8. Never eat or drink in the laboratory.
9. Wash your hands before and after each activity in the lab.
10. Keep the work area free of any unnecessary items.
11. Wash all utensils thoroughly before and after each use.
12. Never smell or taste any chemicals unless instructed to do so by your teacher and the
experiment instructions.
13. Do not experiment or mix chemicals on your own. Many chemicals in the lab are
explosive or dangerous.
14. When using scissors or a scalpel, cut away from yourself and others.
15. When heating substances in a test tube, always point the mouth of the test tube away from
yourself and others.
16. Clearly label all containers with the names of the materials you are using.
17. Report all accidents to the teacher immediately, including breakage of materials, chemical
spills, and injury.
18. Do not pick up broken glass with your hands. Sweep up broken glass with a broom, and
dispose of the glass in a container labeled for glass disposal.
19. Never return unused chemicals to their original containers. Follow your teacher’s
instructions for the proper disposal and cleanup of all materials.
20. Clean up your equipment and work area before leaving the lab.

5. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 2
21. Be certain that all Bunsen burners, gas outlets, and water faucets are turned off before
leaving the lab.
Handling of chemicals
1. Respect all chemicals and be cautious when handling them, especially those you know
very little about.
2. Corrosive and toxic chemicals must be handled in the fame hood.
3. Laboratory coats and safety glasses must be worn.
4. Never use your mouth to pipette dangerous liquids- Use a rubber safety bulb for all
pipetting purposes.
5. Do not carry bottles containing corrosive liquids (concentrated acids, bromine etc) by
their necks. There are baskets specially made for that purpose.
6. Do not pour or dispose of hazardous materials in the sink. Labeled residual bottles should
be used and kept in the fume cupboard.
7. Compressed gas cylinders must be properly strapped and not left standing on their own.
Eye Safety
1. Wear your laboratory safety goggles when you are working with chemicals, open flame,
or any substances that may be harmful to your eyes.
2. Know how to use the emergency eyewash system. If chemicals get into your eyes, flush
them out with plenty of water for 15 minutes. Inform your teacher.
Clothing Protection
1. Wear your laboratory apron. It will help to protect your clothing from stains or damage.
Glassware Safety
1. Check glassware for chips or cracks. Broken, cracked, or chipped glassware should be
disposed of properly.
2. Do not force glass tubing into rubber stoppers. Follow your teacher’s instructions.
2. Clean all glassware and air-dry them rather than drying with a towel.
Sharp objects
1. Be careful when using knives, scalpels, or scissors.
2. Always cut in the direction away from your body and from others who are nearby.
3. Inform your teacher immediately if you or your partner is cut.
Heating Safety
1. Turn off heat sources when they are not in use.

6. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 3
2. Point test tubes away from yourself and others when heating substances in them.
3. Use the proper procedures when lighting a Bunsen burner.
4. To avoid burns, do not handle heated glassware or materials directly. Use tongs, test-tube
holders, or heat-resistant gloves or mitts.
5. For heating, use glassware that is meant to be used for that purpose.
6. When heating flasks or beakers over the laboratory burner, use a ring-stand setup with a
square of wire gauze.
7. Use a water bath to heat solids.
8. When heating with a laboratory burner, gently move the test tube over the hottest part of
the flame.
9. Do not pour hot liquids into plastic containers.
Fire/Explosion Safety
1. Tie back long hair and roll up long sleeves when working near an open flame. Confine
loose clothing.
2. Do not reach across an open flame.
3. Know the location and proper use of fire blankets and fire extinguishers
Electrical Safety
1. Be careful when using electrical equipment.
2. Check all electrical equipment for worn cords or loose plugs before using.
3. Keep your work area dry.
4. Do not overload electric circuits.
5. Be sure that any electrical cords are not in a place where someone can trip over them.
Poison
1. Do not mix any chemicals unless directed to do so in a procedure or by your teacher.
2. Inform your teacher immediately if you spill chemicals or get any chemicals on your skin
or in your eyes.
3. Never taste any chemicals or substances unless directed to do so by your teacher.
4. Keep your hands away from your face when working with chemicals.
5. Wash your hands with soap and water after handling chemicals.

7. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 4
ExpErimEnts

8. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 5
Figure.1 Impact test machine

9. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 6
Ex.No.1 Impact test machine Date :
Group: ID.No : Batch :
Aim:
To determine the impact strength using IZOD method.
Apparatus required:
 Impact test machine
 Vernier caliper
 Scale
 Specimen
Formula:
Impact strength = Energy absorbed/Cross section area
Where cross section area = pie/4 D2
Specification:
Pendulum impact testing machine = DIN50115
Specimen cross section = 10 x 10 mm
Specimen cross section notch -= 10 x 5 mm and 10 x 8 mm
Hammer impact speed = 3.8m./s
Capacity to perform work = 25Nm

10. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 7
Tabular column
S.N Material
Energy
absorbed by
force(A) in
Joule
Energy spend
to break the
specimen (B)
in Joule
Energy
absorbed by
specimen(A-
B)
Impact
strength in
J/mm2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

11. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 8
Procedure:
1. Rise the pendulum weight and lock it.
2. Release the trigger and allow the pendulum to swing
3. This actuates the point to move.
4. Note down the frictional energy absorbed by bearings.
5. Raise the pendulum weight again and lock it.
6. The notch should face the direction of blow.
7. Release the trigger and allow the pendulum to swing which it strikes the specimen
at its mid-point.
8. Note down the energy spent in breaking the specimen.
9. Tabulate the observation.
Result:
Thus the impact strength using IZOD method has been determined.

12. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 9
Figure.2 Rockwell hardness machine

13. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 10
Ex.No.2 Rockwell hardness test Date :
Group: ID.No : Batch :
Aim:
To determine the Rockwell hardness number by using Rockwell hardness testing
machine.
Apparatus required:
1. Indenter
2. Rockwell hardness test machine
3. Specimen
4. Emery paper.
Specification:

14. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 11
Tabular column
S.N Material Scale Load RHN RHN ( Mean)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

15. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 12
Procedure:
1. Clean the surface of the specimen with emery paper
2. Place the specimen on the machine plateform.
3. Rise the plateform until the smaller needle in the dial gauge reads against the red
mark.
4. The load is applied on the specimen until the longer point comes to rest,then the
load applied lever is released.
5. Thus gives the direct reading of Rockwell hardness number in corresponding
scale.
6. The same procedure is repeated for each specimen and average value is
calculated.
Result:
Thus the Rockwell hardness number has been determined by using Rockwell hardness
testing machine.

16. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 13
Figure.3 Torsion test machine

17. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 14
Ex.No.3 Torsion Test Date :
Group: ID.No : Batch :
Aim:
To determine the torque for the given specimen along with Modulus of rigidity and
shear stress.
Apparatus required:
1. Torsion Testing machine
2. Specimen
3. vernier caliper.
Formula:
1. Modulus of rigidity = TL/JQ
Where, T=Torque in NMM
L= Length of specimen
J= Polar moment of inertia
Q= angle of twist in radian
2. Shear stress = TR/JQ
Where, T=Torque in Nmm
R= Radius of specimen
J= Polar moment of inertia
Q= angle of twist in radian
Specification:

18. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 15
Tabular column
S.N
Number of
rotation
Angle of
twist
(Degree)
Angle of
twist
(radian)
Torque MOR SS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Graph:
Time in seconds
Elongationinmm
Y
X

19. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 16
Procedure:
1. Measure the diameter ansd length of rod
2. The rod is fitted into the grips of the machine.
3. Set the point on the torque measuring scale.
4. The handle of the machine is rotated in one direction.
5. The torque and angle of twist is note for every 5 degree increment of twist.
6. Now the torque and angle of twist is noted for same increments
7. Finally the angle of twist is made to zero and rod is taken out.
Result:
Thus the torque for the given specimen is indentified along with Modulus of rigidity
and shear stress.

20. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 17
Figure .4 Creep test machine

21. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 18
Ex.No.4 Creep test Date :
Group: ID.No : Batch :
Aim:
To determine the creep point in the plastic material.
Apparatus required:
1. Creep machine
2. dial gauge
3. stop watch
4. weight
5. Specimen
6. Thermometer.
Formula:
Elasticity = change in length / original length
Specification:
Length = 700mm
Width = 350mm
Height = 510mm
Weight = 23Kg
Sample 1= Lead
Sample 2 = Plastic
Thermometer measurement range = 1 C to 300 C.
Dial gauge = 0 to 10 mm.

22. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 19
Tabular column
S.N Time (sec)
Change in
length (mm)
Elasticity (mm)
Temperature
in C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

23. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 20
Procedure:
1. Locate the sample specimen in the holder.
2. Insert the thermometer in the climatic chamber.
3. Locate the dial gauge and set to zero above the coolant chamber which
touches the beam of the specimen.
4. Release the lock net and apply the load as per the required needs.
5. Observe the time taken and change in length which takes places in the
experiment with the help of stopwatch.
Result:
Thus the creep point has been indentified for the corresponding material.

24. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 21
Figure .5 Vickers teswt machine

25. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 22
Aim:
To determine the Vickers hardness number for the corresponding specimen.
Apparatus required:
1. Vickers hardness testing machine
2. Specimen
3. Diamond shape indendor.
Formula:
VH = 1.854F/d2
Where, d = distance between two diagonals, F = force/Load
Specification:
Load = 1,2,3,5,10,15,20,30 and 50Kgf.
Height of specimen = 200mm
Sweep of machine = 150mm
Weight = 90Kg
Width =600mm
Depth = 280mm
Height = 850mm
Maximum weight of specimen = 100Kg
Connnected laod = 0.1KVA,220V,50 HZ,single phase.
Ex.No.5 Vickers hardness test Date :
Group: ID.No : Batch :

26. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 23
Tabular column
S.N Load Indentor VHN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

27. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 24
Procedure:
1. Insert the main cables in the sockets and actuate the switch.
2. Turn the rotationg head through handle to make the axis of objective lens
aligned with axis of test anvil.
3. Now the lamp of projecting device lights ups.
4. Select the load by rotating the knob in clockwise direction.
5. Insert the indender applicable to test required in the indenter holder of the
machine.
6. The specimen is placed above the table.
7. Now raise the table and observe the image through the optic system.
8. Calculate the d through the optic system.
Result:
Thus the Vickers hardness number for the corresponding specimen has been
determined.

28. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 25
Figure. 6 Brinell hardness machine

29. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 26
Ex.No.6 Brinell hardness test Date :
Group: ID.No : Batch :
Aim:
To determine the Brinell hardness number for the corresponding specimen.
Apparatus required:
1. Brinell hardness testing machine
2. Specimen
3. Ball shape indenter.
Formula:
BH = 2F/PieD(D-D-d)
Where d = distance between two diagonals, F = force/Load
Specification:
Load = 1,2,3,5,10,15,20,30 and 50Kgf.
Height of specimen = 200mm
Sweep of machine = 150mm
Weight = 90Kg
Width =600mm
Depth = 280mm
Height = 850mm
Maximum weight of specimen = 100Kg
Connnected laod = 0.1KVA,220V,50 HZ,single phase

30. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 27
Tabular column
S.N Load Indentor VHN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

31. Wollega University Material Testing Lab Manual
Prepared by Venkatraman Narasiman, Dep. Of Mechanical Engg. Page 28
Procedure:
1. Insert the main cables in the sockets and actuate the switch.
2. Turn the rotationg head through handle to make the axis of objective lens
aligned with axis of test anvil.
3. Now the lamp of projecting device lights ups.
4. Select the load by rotating the knob in clockwise direction.
5. Insert the indender applicable to test required in the indenter holder of the
machine.
6. The specimen is placed above the table.
7. Now raise the table and observe the image through the optic system.
8. Calculate the d through the optic system.
Result:
Thus the brinell hardness number for the corresponding specimen has been
determined