The document discusses the four types of sentence functions: declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory. It provides examples and descriptions of each type. Declarative sentences make statements, interrogatives ask questions, imperatives give commands, and exclamatories express strong emotion. Within interrogatives, there are yes/no questions, wh- questions, and tag questions. Imperatives have an implied subject of "you". Exclamatory sentences end with an exclamation point and often begin with interjections.

1. Functions of Sentences There are four sentence functions : Declarative Interrogative Imperative Exclamation

2. Declaratives 1. John ate an apple . 2. He thinks it might be raining . 3. We believe in miracles . 4. Sam bought us lunch .  Declarative sentences (also called “ indicatives ”) are sentences that make a statement . Declarative sentences must have (at least) a subject and a predicate . Declarative sentences are either True or False .

3. Interrogatives 1. Did John eat an apple ? 2. Does he thinks it might be raining ? 3. Why do we believe in miracles ? 4. Who bought you lunch ?  Interrogative sentences are sentences that ask a question . Interrogatives also have (at least) a subject and a predicate . Note that the subject might be the question word itself, as in example (4).

4. Interrogatives There are three kinds of Interrogatives: Yes/No Questions Wh- Questions Tag Questions

5. Yes/No Questions 1. Will it snow this year? 2. Is she coming to the party? 3. Have you been here before? 4. Did John eat an apple? 5. Are you at school now?  Yes/No questions are formed by Subj .- Aux . Inver.  Yes/No questions can start with any auxiliary (examples 1-4) OR with the verb “ be ” (example 5). The answer to a yes/no question is either “yes” or “no”.

6. Wh- Questions 1. Who ate the apple? 2. What movie did you see? 3. Why aren’t you coming to the party? 4. When have you been here before? 5. Where are you now?  Wh-questions may start with any interrogative pronoun . The answer to a wh- question is never “yes” or “no”.

7. Tag Questions 1. You went to school today, didn’t you? 2. It was snowing today, wasn’t it? 3. You wouldn’t eat that, would you? 4. She hasn’t been here before, has she? Tag questions are made up of a declarative sentence , followed by a yes/no question . If the verb in the declarative sentence is positive , the tag question is negative . If the verb in the declarative sentence is negative , the tag question is positive .

8. Imperatives 1. Eat your vegetables. 2. Go to school! 3. Be happy. 4. Think about it. 5. Have fun!  Imperatives are sentences that give a command . The first word of an imperative sentence is always a verb (unless it’s a word like “please”). Imperatives have an implied subject , which is always the 2 nd person pronoun: “ you ”.

9. How can we prove that the subject of imperatives is “you”? Recall that reflexive pronouns require an antecedent within their clause : John is proud of himself. *John is proud of herself. Now observe the following sentences : 3. Think for yourself ! 4. Do it yourselves ! These reflexives must have an antecedent, which can only be the second person pronoun “ you ” – 5. *Think for himself ! 6. *Do it themselves !

10. Exclamations 1. That’s great! 2. Wow, it sounds amazing! 3. Boy, this is hard! 4. Man, I can’t believe it!  Exclamations are sentences that express strong emotion . In writing, exclamations end with an “ ! ”. Exclamations often start with an Interjection – These are words like “ wow! ”, “ boy! ”, “ (oh my) god! ”, “ouch! ”, etc.

11. Identify the function of the sentence 1. What do you think? 2. Did Charles regret his actions? 3. Who was Mrs. Wallis’s employer? 4. You’ll do everything you can to help, won’t you? 5. Grand Central Station was recently renovated. 6. We are very enthusiastic about this! 7. Buy me a newspaper on your way home, please. 8. The woman in that painting looks charming, doesn’t she? 9. Read your book! 10. Are they interested in that device?

12. Homework Read and do all the exercises in lessons 42 and 45