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ELECTRICAL PRE-CONSTRUCTION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION MANUAL
42
Project Number: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: ______________________________________________________________________________________
Location: ___________________________________________________________________________________________
Estimator: __________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager: ____________________________________________________________________________________
PRE-CONSTRUCTION PLANNING CHECKLIST
COMPLETION ACTIVITY ACT.
DATE CATEGORY NO.
ACTIVITY
II 1
Finalize selection of project manager, field supervisor
and other key team members.
II 2
Hold turnover meeting between estimator and project
separate manager (when applicable).
II 3
Hold separate turnover meeting between project
manager and field supervisor.
II 4
Hold pre-job (planning) kickoff meeting with internal
team members to assign responsibilities.
II 5
Review contract for unfavorable or high risk clauses
(recommended).
II 6
Project manager reviews plans, specifications, and
schedule.
II 7
Field supervisor reviews plans, specifications, and
schedule.
II 8
Create a list of issues that need to be resolved and
begin the request for information (RFI) process.
II 9 Conduct site visit (recommended).
II 10
Compare estimated (bid) work activities and materials
to planned performance.
II 11
Identify value engineering and refabrication
opportunities and how to simplify the work.
II 12 Prepare construction takeoff.
II 13 Set up project files and create contact list.
II 14
Set up computerized tracking and control system
(forms, database, schedule, tracking).
II 15 Initiate a change management system.
II 16
Initiate a request for information (RFI) tracking and
processing system.
II 17 Initiate a submittal tracking and processing system.
II 18
Develop a “Labor Requirements/Expectations” letter
(for background check, etc.) (recommended).
Table 4.1: Checklist of Pre-Construction Planning Activities (page 15)
Team
Selection and
Turnover
Scope and
Contract
Review
Administrative
Setup

PRE-CONSTRUCTION PLANNING ACTIVITIES
43
Project Number: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.1: Checklist of Pre-Construction Planning Activities (continued)
DATE CATEGORY NO.
ACTIVITY
II 19
Price and/or review subcontractor/supplier/vendor
prices and qualifications.
II 20
Negotiate pricing and contract conditions, and select
separate subcontractors/suppliers/vendors.
II 21
Develop and issue purchase orders and contracts for
materials and equipment.
II 22 Order long-lead-time materials and equipment.
II 23 Request submittals, cut sheets and shop drawings.
II 24
Develop and process log and book of submittals, cut
sheets and shop drawings.
II 25 Develop material delivery and handling plan.
II 26 Develop material storage and staging plan.
II 27 Develop, review or expand cost code scheme.
II 28
Develop budget by breaking down labor, material,
overhead and profit costs.
II 29 Develop schedule of values.
II 30 Develop installation sequence and layout drawings.
II 31
Develop field instructions, including panel, pull or
conduit schedules.
II 32
Develop prefabrication drawings for field use (when
applicable).
II 33 Review customer’s schedule and timeline.
II 34 Identify work that impacts electrical activities.
II 35
Review the work sequence and long-lead-time
material/equipment delivery dates.
II 36 Coordinate electrical schedule with customer schedule
(recommended).
II 37 Create a bar chart schedule (recommended).
Customize the computerized tracking and control
II 38 system (database/schedule/etc.) for the current
project.
II 39 Develop labor and materials tracking report.
Buyout
Process
Material
Handling Plan
Budget
Preparation
Layout and
Sequencing
Plan
Schedule
Development
Tracking and
Control

44
Project Number: ____________________________________________________________________________________
DATE CATEGORY NO.
ACTIVITY
II 40 Review meeting schedule.
II 41 Review request for information (RFI) process.
II 42
Review change order process and field change
management process.
II 43 Review submittal processing procedure.
II 44 Review billing and invoicing procedures.
II 45
Review project and field reporting and tracking
procedures.
II 46 Review electrical and customer schedules.
Construction
Execution
Kickoff
Meeting
Table 4.1: Checklist of Pre-Construction Planning Activities (continued)

45
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Estimator:___________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
TEAM SELECTION AND TURNOVER CHECKLIST FOR PRE-CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
ACT.
COMPLETION ITEM
DATE NO.
SUB-ACTIVITIES
1. Finalize selection of project manager, field supervisor and other key team members.
II 1
Assemble a list of project managers and review their current work-
load and special skills.
II 2
Determine whether an ideal match can be made between the project
manager and the job, and then select the project manager.
II 3
Assemble a list of field supervisors and review their current work-
load and special skills.
II 4
Determine whether an ideal match can be made between the field
supervisor and the job, and then select the project manager.
II 5
Work with the project manager, field supervisor, and/or the director
of operations to select key foreman when appropriate.
2. Hold turnover meeting between estimator and project manager (when applicable).
II 1
Arrange a meeting time and location and ensure enough time has
been allocated to transfer knowledge between the estimator and
project manager.
II 2
Follow and complete a checklist that describes the information that
should be transferred (See Table 4.3).
3. Hold separate turnover meeting between project manager and field supervisor.
II Arrange a meeting time and location and ensure enough time has
1 been allocated to transfer knowledge between the project manager
and field supervisor.
II 2
Follow and complete a checklist that describes the information that
must be transferred (see Table 4.3).
4. Hold pre-job (planning) kickoff meeting with internal team members to assign responsibilities.
II 1
Arrange a meeting time and location and ensure enough time has
been allocated to assign planning responsibilities.
II Invite internal team members that will be involved during the
2 construction execution process, such as project manager, field
supervisor, accounting, purchasing, and director of field operations.
II 3
Complete a checklist that describes the planning activities that must
be completed and who is responsible for completion (see Table 4.4).
Table 4.2: Team Selection and Turnover Checklist (page 16)

46
TURNOVER MEETING AGENDA
Review Items:
1. Project overview
a. Project name
b. Location
c. Type of work
d. Estimated cost and estimated work hours
e. Profit goal
f. General scope of work
g. Identify potential opportunities and challenges of the project
2. Review the plans and specifications.
a. Go page by page through the plans to discuss the quantities and costs.
b. Review each section of the specifications.
c. Discuss how the estimator assumed the work would be performed (materials and methods).
d. Review others’ work performance.
e. Identify discrepancies and ambiguities in the bid documents.
f. Identify design discrepancies or issues.
g. Identify potential errors in the bid documents.
h. Discuss information collected during a site visit.
i. Discuss information collected during a pre-bid meeting.
j. Identify potential cost savings from changes to materials and methods.
k. Identify potential prefabrication or internal value engineering opportunities.
l. Discuss alternative routing of conduits.
m. Identify any temporary power and lighting requirements.
3. Review the cost estimate and bid price.
a. Review each bid line item and its cost.
b. Review overhead, profit and contingency funds.
c. Discuss wage rates.
d. Review the bid submission letter with clarifications and qualifications.
4. Review subcontractor/vendor pricing and qualifications.
a. Review subcontractors and suppliers scope of work and qualifications.
b. Identify all pre-contract commitments and promises.
c. Verify minority business requirements.
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Estimator:___________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.3: Turnover Meeting Agenda (page 16)

47
Review Items:
5. Review the schedule and milestones.
a. Review the owner-furnished schedule.
b. Review any preliminary schedule submitted with the bid.
c. Review work by others that will impact the electrical work.
d. Identify important material and equipment delivery dates.
e. Discuss holidays, vacations and potential weather events.
6. Review manpower requirements and labor rates.
a. Review the manpower loading chart (if available).
b. Identify the estimated crew mix.
c. Identify any wage increases.
d. Review the potential for overtime.
7. Review other items specific to this project:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Number: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.3: Turnover Meeting Agenda (continued)

48
PRE-JOB PLANNING KICKOFF MEETING AGENDA
Agenda Items:
1. Project overview
a. Project name
b. Location
c. Type of work
d. Contract cost
e. General scope of work
f. Identify potential opportunities and challenges of the project
2. Introduce internal team members.
a. Project manager
b. Field supervisor/foreman
c. Estimator
d. Accounting representative
e. Other internal team members (i.e., CAD operator, purchasing agent, etc.)
3. Identify external team members.
a. Owner/customer
b. Architect/engineer
c. General contractor/construction manager
d. Other specialty subcontractors
e. Vendors/suppliers
4. Review the general scope of work.
a. Provide an overview of the project scope of work and the electrical scope.
b. Review major work performed by others.
5. Review the contract cost.
a. Review direct costs and the contract cost.
b. Review overhead, profit and contingency funds.
6. Review purchasing of materials, equipment and services from subcontractors/vendors.
a. Review subcontractors and suppliers scope of work and qualifications.
b. Identify all pre-contract commitments and promises.
c. Verify minority business requirements.
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Estimator:___________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.4: Pre-Job Planning Kickoff Meeting Agenda (page 17)

49
Agenda Items:
a. Review the owner-furnished schedule.
b. Review any preliminary schedule submitted with the bid or construction schedule.
c. Review work by others that will impact the electrical work.
d. Identify important material and equipment delivery dates.
8. Review manpower requirements and labor rates.
a. Review the manpower loading chart (if available).
b. Identify the estimated crew mix.
c. Identify any wage increases.
9. Review the contract—identify any special clauses that require careful consideration.
10. Review administrative procedures.
a. Administrative setup
b. Request for Information (RFI) procedures and setup
c. Submittal process and setting up the submittal tracking system
d. Change order procedures and setting up the change management system
e. Field reporting requirements
f. Budget preparation and billing procedures
g. Cost control and setting up the tracking system
11. Review special safety issues.
12. Review site logistics and material storage and staging.
a. Site access
b. Parking
c. Material delivery and movement procedures
d. Material storage locations
e. Trailer locations (if applicable)
f. Site cleanup requirements
g. Temporary power and lighting requirements
13. Review bond, permit and certificate of insurance requirements
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Number: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.4: Pre-Job Planning Kickoff Meeting Agenda (continued)

50
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Estimator:___________________________________________________________________________________________
Bid Due Date: _______________________________________________________________________________________
SCOPE AND CONTRACT REVIEW CHECKLIST FOR PRE-CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
ACT.
COMPLETION ITEM
DATE NO.
SUB-ACTIVITIES
5. Review contract for unfavorable or high risk clauses (performance recommended).
II 1 Complete the Contract Review Checklist (Table 4.6).
II 2 Identify all required bonds, permits and certificates.
II 3 Review contractual billing requirements.
II 4 Review and understand procedures for requesting change orders.
II 5
Identify whether disputes must be resolved through alternative
dispute resolution, such as mediation or arbitration.
6. Project manager reviews plans, specifications and schedule.
II 1 Order extra sets of plans and specifications if necessary.
II 2 Complete the Scope and Schedule Review checklist (Table 4.7).
II 3
Compare the scope identified in the contract to the scope from the
bid submission to verify that they match.
II 4 Compare the plans to the specifications to identify any discrepancies.
II 5
Review the customer-furnished schedule to determine whether the
electrical work can be completed within the contractual timeframe.
7. Field supervisor reviews plans, specifications and schedule.
II 1 Complete the Scope and Schedule Review checklist (Table 4.7).
II 2 Review best field practices or lessons learned.
II 3
Identify value engineering and prefabrication opportunities (see
Activity 23).
II 4 Identify labor requirements and begin selecting foremen.
II 5 Identify special tools that will need to be purchased or assembled.
8. Create a list of issues that need to be resolved and begin the request for information (RFI) process.
II 1
Establish a request for information (RFI) process (see Activity 16)
and create a list of questions that require clarification.
II 2
Formalize the RFIs by assigning them a trackable number and
submitting them to the owner/CM/GC.
Table 4.5: Scope and Contract Review Checklist (page 17)

51
9. Conduct a site visit (performance recommended).
II 1 Complete the Site Visit Checklist (Table 4.8).
II 2
Examine site access and layout, including parking, material delivery
points and material lay-down and storage.
II 3
Identify locations and availability of matieral and personnel lifts,
elevators, cranes, scaffolding and forklifts.
II 4 Create a plan for installing temporary power (when applicable).
II 5
Verify existing conditions and compare them to the conditions shown
on the plans and described in the specifications.
10. Compare estimated (bid) work activities and materials to planned performance.
II 1
Compare the estimator’s concept of how to perform the work to
typical field operations and document differences.
II 2 Discuss unclear methods or discrepancies with the estimator.
II 3
Determine the cost difference between the as-bid and planned
performance of the work.
11. Identify value engineering and prefabrication opportunities and how to simplify the work.
Review value engineering (VE) or prefabrication opportunities that
II 1 were identified in the turnover meeting between the estimator and
project manager.
II 2
Review procedures for formally requesting VE consideration if
required.
II 3 Search for and identify additional VE and prefabrication items.
II 4 Identify additional ways to simplify the work.
II 5 Price out the cost difference between the as-bid and VE options.
10. Compare estimated (bid) work activities and materials to planned performance.
II 1
Take off the materials, equipment and systems in the order they will
be constructed.
Code each plan sheet as you take it off so that you can return to it
II 2 later and immediately identify the quantity of various materials
shown on the sheet.
II 3
The final quantities should be identified by the units in which they
will be purchased.
II 4 All assumptions should be noted on the quantity takeoff sheets.
II 5 Be sure the quantities that are estimated include a waste factor.
II 6
Compare the construction takeoff to the bid takeoff to identify
significant differences or discrepancies.
Project Number: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.5: Scope and Contract Review Checklist (continued)

52
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Completed Date Completed ITEM
II Check for ambiguous clauses and seek clarification.
II Check for one-sided clauses that favor the other party.
II Cross-reference clauses to understand the whole meaning of clauses.
II Identify discrepancies and conflicting clauses and seek clarification.
II Check for agreement between plans and specifications, and seek clarification
if there is any discrepancy.
II Identify any “killer clauses” that assign full responsibility for everything to
the electrical contractor.
II Determine whether the contract clearly favors the other party (owner/CM/
GC), and seek more equitable contract terms.
II Review the Indemnification Clause, and ensure your insurance converage can
sufficiently cover the risk.
II Evaluate the Coordination Clause to determine each party’s responsibility to
coordinate the work.
II Determine your rights and responsibilities if the sequence of work is
changed or if out-of-sequence work impacts the project.
II Carefully review all time-sensitive clauses that cover commencement,
completion, milestones, accelerations, delays and progress.
II Review and understand your rights to receive damages if the schedule is
accelerated or delayed by other parties.
II Determine whether there is a no-damages-for-delay clause, and review your
rights and responsibilities.
II Review and understand the clause that describes waivers.
II Review the concealed conditions clause, and identify the circumstances
that will entitle you to compensation.
II Review the Force Majeure clause, and identify the circumstances that will
entitle you to a time extension.
II Evaluate clauses that identify procedures for seeking change orders.
II Evaluate clauses that identify the compensation for extra work.
II Identify payment provisions, especially a “pay when paid” clause and a
“pay if paid” clause.
Table 4.6: Contract Review Items1
(page 17)
1
Detailed contract review guidelines can be found in ELECTRI International (2000) Fundamentals of Contract Risk Management for
Electrical Contractors.

53
SCOPE AND SCHEDULE REVIEW ITEMS
Completed Completed By Date Completed Item
II Contract
II Plans
II Specifications
II Cost estimate and bid breakdown
II Referenced/applicable codes or regulations
II Quality requirements
II Safety requirements
II Special conditions
II Addendums
II Temporary power and lighting requirements
II Owner/CM/GC-furnished materials
II Vendor pricing and qualifications
II Owner/CM/GC schedule
II Internal schedule submitted with bid
II Work sequence and work by others
II Required coordination with other trades
II Material and equipment deliveries
II Anticipated weather problems or holidays
II Required labor
II Labor rates and potential increases
II Crew mix
II Administrative procedures (submittals/RFIs/changes)
II Other:
II Other:
II Other:
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Estimator:___________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.7: Scope and Schedule Review Items (pages 18, 39)

54
Project Number: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.7: Scope and Schedule Review Items (continued)
Completed Who furnishes? Who installs? What to review in the Plans and Specifications
II Access doors
II Asbestos abatement
II Carpentry (miscellaneous)
II Clean up
II Conduit (sizes and quantities)
II Crane
II Cutting and patching
II Demolition and removal
II Electric motors
II Electric starters
II Excavation and backfill
II Fire alarm wiring
II Fire alarm devices
II Hand dryers
II Hoists for personnel
II Hoists for materials
II Interior layout
II Painting
II Panels
II Scaffolding
II Site access
II Site surveying
II Temporary power
II Underground utilities
II Wire (and/or pipe and wire)
II Other:
II Other:
II Other:

55
SITE VISIT REVIEW ITEMS
Completed Item to Review Notes
II Access into and out of the site
II Circulation throughout the site
II Material and equipment delivery routes
II Material storage and staging locations
II Office trailer or office space
II Temporary power and lighting locations
II Existing underground utilities location
II Existing above ground utility locations
II Location of existing interior systems
II Progress of the demolition
II Progress of the site work
II Progress of the site layout/surveying
II Asbestos abatement has been completed
II Work completed to date
II Presence/location of the crane
II Presence/location of the personnel lift
II Presence/location of the materials lift
II Potential coordination with others
II Anticipated weather problems
II Housekeeping conditions
II Special site considerations
II Safety issues or concerns
II Other:
II Other:
II Other:
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Scope Review Completion Date: _______________________________________________________________________
Table 4.8: Site Visit Checklist (page 19)

56
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Start Date: __________________________________________________________________________________________
ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP CHECKLIST FOR PRE-CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
ACT.
COMPLETION ITEM
DATE NO.
SUB-ACTIVITIES
13. Set up project files and create contact list.
II 1 Use the File System Checklist (Table 4.11) to creat paper files.
II 2
Create a contact sheet that lists all team members and their
company contact information.
14. Set up computerized tracking and control system (forms, database, schedule and tracking).
II 1
Verify the accounting department has assigned a project number and
entered intial information in the cost control center.
II 2 Use the File System Checklist (Table 4.11) to creat computer files.
II 3
If a separate project management software system is used, set up
the project in the system.
II 4
If a separate project management software system is used, set up
the project in the system.
15. Initiate a change management system.
II 1
Review the contract to identify required change order, field change,
and time-and-materials procedures.
II 2
Review your company’s standard procedures for initiating,
requesting, and processing change orders and field changes.
Develop a log with sequential numbering to track all changes,
II 3 including change orders, field changes and time-and-materials
requests (Table 4.12).
16. Initiate a request for information (RFI) tracking and processing system.
II 1
Develop a log with sequential numbering to track all requests for
information (RFIs) (Table 4.13).
II 2
Determine whether RFIs will be submitted by e-mail, fax or postal
mail.
II 3
Review your company’s standard procedures for processing RFIs, and
use a company standard form for submitting RFIs.
II 4 Ensure each RFI also identifies a proposed solution.
Table 4.9: Administrative Setup Checklist (page 21)

57
17. Initiate a submittal tracking and processing system.
II 1
Develop a log with sequential numbering to track all submittals,
including those of vendors and subcontractors (Table 4.14).
II 2
Review your company’s standard procedures for processing
submittals, and use a company standard form for submissions.
Verify that each submittal processing form identifies a respond-no-
II 3 later-than date, which is associated with timely ordering and delivery
of materials and equipment.
18. Develop a “Labor Requirements/Expectation” letter (for background check, etc.) (performance
recommended)
II For projects that have special requirements such as drug testing,
1
background check or special safety training, develop an
“expectations” letter that must be reviewed and signed by crew
members (see Figure 4.8).
For projects that will require hiring workers from the union hall,
II 2 develop an “expectations” letter that must be reviewed and signed
by crew members.
Project Number: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.9: Administrative Setup Checklist (continued)

58
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.10: File System Checklist (page 21)
Completed File Number File Description
II Project Information and Contacts
II Cost Estimate and Bid Submission
II Contract Agreement
II Contract Documents
II Budget and Pay Requests
II Purchase Orders
II Subcontracts
II Materials Folder (Fixtures, Switchgear, Fire Alarm, Low Voltage)
II Requests for Information
II Submittals
II Change Orders—Pending
II Change Orders—Approved
II Correspondence
II Meeting Minutes
II Daily/Weekly Field Report
II Progress Reports
II Other:
II Other:
II Other:

59
COMPANY NAME
COMPANY ADDRESS
CHANGE ORDER PROPOSAL
PROJECT NUMBER: ______________________________
PROJECT NAME: ____________________________________________________________________________________
DATE: ___________________________
TO:_____________________________________________ FROM: ___________________________________________
________________________________________________ _________________________________________________
________________________________________________ _________________________________________________
________________________________________________ _________________________________________________
DESCRIPTION OF CHANGED WORK:
COST OF THE CHANGED WORK:
Description Labor Materials Equipment Other Subcontracts Total
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Labor Burden ___________%
Bond Premium __________%
Liability Insurance ________%
Subtotal ___________________________________________
Overhead ________________
Profit ____________________
TOTAL _____________________________________________
TIME EXTENSION ______________ calendar days
APPROVED BY: _________________________________________________________DATE: ________________________
Figure 4.2: Change Order Proposal (pages 22, 39)

60
PROJECT NUMBER: _____________________________________________________________________________________________
PROJECT NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
FIELD SUPERVISOR: ____________________________________________________________________________________________
WORK PERFORMED BY (EMPLOYEE NAME): _____________________________________________________________________
DATE: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WORK AUTHORIZED BY: _______________________________________________________________________________________
TITLE: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
FIELD CHANGE FORM
SCOPE OF WORK:
LABOR: EQUIPMENT/TOOLS:
EMPLOYEE
HOURS WAGE
TOTAL EQUIPMENT/TOOL TYPE COST
REG OT DT RATE
SUBTOTAL SUBTOTAL
_______ % MARKUP _______ % MARKUP
TOTAL TOTAL
MATERIALS: SUBCONTRACTORS:
MATERIAL TYPE UNITS QTY
UNIT
TOTAL COMPANY NAME COST
COST
SUBTOTAL
_______ % MARKUP
TOTAL
SUMMARY OF COSTS:
TOTAL LABOR
TOTAL MATERIALS
SUBTOTAL TOTAL EQUIPMENT/TOOLS
______ % MARKUP TOTAL SUBCONTRACTS
TOTAL TOTAL COST
Figure 4.3: Field Change Form (page 22)

61
Table 4.11: Change Order Log (page 22)
ProjectNumber:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ProjectName:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Location:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ProjectManager:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CHANGEORDERLOG
C.O.DATEWHOWHOASSOCIATEDC.O.
NUMBERSUBMITTED
DESCRIPTIONOFCHANGE
INITIATEDAUTHORIZEDRFINUMBERAMOUNT
STATUS

62
Table 4.12: Request for Information Log (pages 22, 41)
ProjectNumber:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ProjectName:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Location:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ProjectManager:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
REQUESTFORINFORMATIONLOG
RFIDATESUBMITTEDDATEOFWHO
NUMBERSUBMITTED
DESCRIPTIONOFINFORMATIONNEEDED
TORESPONSEINITIATED
STATUS

63
COMPANY NAME
COMPANY ADDRESS
REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
PROJECT NUMBER: PROJECT NAME: DATE:
RFI NUMBER:
TO: FROM:
METHOD SENT: II FAX II MAIL II E-MAIL
DESCRIPTION OF REQUEST:
ADDITIONAL SUPPORT DOCUMENTS: II ARE II ARE NOT ATTACHED.
DATE REQUIRED:
DATE RESPONSE RECEIVED:
RESPONSE FROM:
RESPONSE:
Figure 4.5: Request for Information Form (pages 22, 38)

64
Table 4.13: Submittal Log (pages 24, 28, 38, 39)
ProjectNumber:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ProjectName:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Location:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ProjectManager:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUBMITTALLOG
CSIDATEREVISIONDATETODATEDATETOORDERDELIVERY
SECTIONSUBMITTEDNUMBER
SUBMITTEDITEMSUPPLIER
ARCH/ENGAPPROVEDSUPPLIERDATEDATE

65
COMPANY NAME
COMPANY ADDRESS
SUBMITTAL TRANSMITTAL FORM
PROJECT NUMBER: ______________________________ DATE:___________________________________________
PROJECT NAME: ____________________________________________________________________________________
CSI SECTION: ___________________________
TO: FROM:
FOR FOR FOR
SUBMITTAL YOUR FOR YOUR YOUR INFORMATION DATE
QTY DESCRIPTION REVIEW APPROVAL FILES ONLY REQ’D
Please return __________ copies.
Additional Comments:________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Signature: ______________________________________________________________Date: _________________________
Figure 4.7: Submittal Transmittal Form (pages 25, 39)

66
COMPANY NAME
COMPANY ADDRESS
COMPANY PHONE NUMBER
NAME OF NEW EMPLOYEE: __________________________________________________________________________
PROJECT NUMBER: _________________________________________________________________________________
PROJECT NAME: ____________________________________________________________________________________
DATE OF EMPLOYMENT: ____________________________________________________________________________
TODAY’S DATE: _____________________________________________________________________________________
SUBJECT: Requirements and Expectations of Personnel Employed on Project Number _______________________
The purpose of this letter is to notify you of special requirements and expectations of all personnel who will
work on Project Number ____________________, entitled __________________________________. The following
requirements and expectations must be met as a necessary condition of employment:
1. This project requires weekly random drug testing, which will be conducted by a private company employed by
the customer. Any employee who fails a drug test or refuses to submit to a random drug test will be immediate-
ly dismissed from employment.
2. This project requires a complete background check and the use of a security badge at all times. Employees
who fail to exhibit their security badge or who arrive at the jobsite without their badge will be removed from the
premises immediately.
3. Entry into certain parts of the facility will require an escort appointed by the customer. Requests for escorts
must be submitted 24 hours in advance.
4. The work hours for this project are Monday through Friday from 7:00 AM to 3:00 PM.
5. No privately owned vehicles or company vehicles will be permitted into the secure work area. All employees
must arrive at the security gate each morning no later than 6:45 AM to board a bus that will take employees to
the secure work area. All employees must be at the pickup point each afternoon at 3:15 PM to board the bus and
be escorted out of the secure area. Late employees will not be permitted into the secure area.
6. Employees may be monitored by closed-circuit television throughout the day.
7. Smoking will not be permitted inside the secure work area.
Please acknowledge your acceptance of the requirements and expectations of this project by signing and dating
below.
I understand and accept the above terms of employment.
______________________________________________________________________ __________________________
NAME DATE
______________________________________________________________________ __________________________
WITNESS DATE
Figure 4.8: Requirements and Expectations Letter (page 25)

67
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Start Date: __________________________________________________________________________________________
BUYOUT PROCESS CHECKLIST FOR PRE-CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
ACT.
COMPLETION ITEM
DATE NO.
SUB-ACTIVITIES
19. Request and/or review subcontractor/supplier/vendor prices and qualifications.
II 1
Request subcontractor/supplier/vendor pricing if it was not
requested or received during the bidding stage.
II 2
Compare actual subcontractor/supplier/vendor scope of work with the
scope identified in the subcontractor/supplier/vendor bid submission.
II 3 Evaluate the subcontractor/supplier/vendor qualifications.
II 4
Compare priding and qualifications among the subcontractors/
suppliers/vendors.
20. Negotiate pricing and contract conditions and select subcontractors/suppliers/vendors.
II 1
Discuss potential cost savings with potential subcontractors/
suppliers/vendors.
II 2
Review the contract or purchase order terms and conditions with
potential subcontractors/suppliers/vendors prior to award.
II 3
Select all successful subcontractors/suppliers/vendors, and issue a
letter of intent (if necessary).
21. Develop and issue purchase orders and contracts for materials and equipment.
II 1
Develop the purchase orders or contracts for subcontractors/
suppliers/vendors.
II 2 Process and issue the purchase orders or subcontracts.
22. Order long-lead-time materials and equipment.
II 1
Compare the sequence, schedule and materials/equipment to
identify long-lead-time items.
Negotiate and issue purchase orders and subcontracts for long-lead
II 2 time items before negotiating standard purchase orders and
subcontracts.
II 3
Issue a letter of intent or purchase order immediately to release
long-lead-time items for order and delivery.
Table 4.14: Buyout Process Checklist (page 26)

68
Project Number: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.14: Buyout Process Checklist (continued)
23. Request submittals, cut sheets and shop drawings.
Upon issuing the contract document, the subcontractor/supplier/
II 1 vendor should be requested to assemble and submit samples, cut
sheets or shop drawings.
II 2
Identify a deadline by which the submittals, cut sheets, and shop
drawings must be submitted to the electrical contractor.
24. Develop and process log and book of submittals, cut sheets and shop drawings.
Develop a log, with sequential numbering, to track all submittals,
II 1 including those of vendors and subcontractors (see also Activity 17
and Table 4.13).
II 2 Assemble two or more binders of all draft and approved submittals.
II 3 Submit and track required submittal items.

69
Table 4.15: Subcontractor/Supplier/Vendor Comparison Spreadsheet (page 26)
ProjectNumber:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ProjectName:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Location:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ProjectManager:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUBCONTRACTOR/SUPPLIER/VENDORBIDANALYSIS
ITEMTYPE___________________________________________VENDORS
REVIEWITEMS:BUDGETVENDORAVENDORBVENDORCVENDORD
Wastheitembidperplansandspecs?[Yes/No]
Wastheitembidperthescopeofwork?[Yes/No]
Aretheworkersunionornon-union?
Howlongwillittaketoorderanddelivertheitem?
Listanyexclusions.
Wastaxincludedinthebidprice?[Yes/No]
Didthevendoracknowledgealladdenda?[Yes/No]
Basebidprice
Listanyalternatepricingprovided.
Listadjustedbidpriceifalternatesaccepted.

70
COMPANY NAME
COMPANY ADDRESS
COMPANY PHONE NUMBER
Subcontractor Representative
Subcontractor Company Name
Subcontractor Company Address
Subcontractor Phone Number
DATE: December 1, 2005
SUBJECT: Letter of Intent to Award a Contract
Dear Subcontractor Representative:
You have been selected as the successful bidder on Project Number _______________________, entitled
_________________________________________________________. Per our telephone conversation, we are in the
process of developing a contract for the scope of work identified in your bid submission. The contract amount
will be $1,000,000.
This purpose of this letter is to notify you of our intent to award a contract. You can expect to receive the con-
tract no later than _____________, 20____. You are authorized to proceed with the work identified in your bid
submission.
Please feel free to contact me at (222) 110-0000.
Sincerely,
Electrical Contractor Company Officer
Title
Figure 4.9: Letter of Intent (page 27)

71
COMPANY NAME
COMPANY ADDRESS
PURCHASE ORDER FORM
DATE:
P.O. NUMBER:
PROJECT NUMBER:
PROJECT NAME:
TO:
SHIP TO: (Home office or jobsite address) SHIP VIA (jobsite) F.O.B.
REQUIRED SHIP DATE:
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION OF ITEM(S) COST
NOTE: MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS ARE REQUIRED WITH ALL SHIPMENTS
SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS:
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS:
1. Submit _____ copies of shop drawings/details/performance data for review/approval
2. Submit _____ copies of OandM manuals or _____ copies of wiring diagrams for review/approval
NAME: _________________________________________ NAME:____________________________________________
SIGNATURE: ____________________________________ SIGNATURE: _______________________________________
DATE: __________________________________________ DATE:_____________________________________________
Figure 4.10: Purchase Order Form (page 27)

72
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Start Date: __________________________________________________________________________________________
MATERIAL HANDLING PROCESS CHECKLIST FOR PRE-CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
ACT.
COMPLETION ITEM
DATE NO.
SUB-ACTIVITIES
25. Develop material delivery and handling plan.
II 1
Review the “Material Delivery/Storage and Site Logistics Best
Practices” (see Table 4.18).
II 2 Establish and maintain a file of delivery receipts and packing slips.
II 3 Establish a material and equipment delivery and storage log
II 4 Create a material and equipment delivery schedule.
II 5
Establish standard procedures for receiving, handling and storage of
materials and equipment.
26. Develop material storage and staging plan.
II 1 Complete the site logistics review checklist (Table 4.20).
II 2
Review the “Material Delivery/Storage and Site Logistics Best
Practices” (see Table 4.18).
II 3
Develop a storage site layout that identifies where the materials and
equipment are stored.
Table 4.16: Material Handling Planning Process Checklist (page 29)

73
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.17: Material Delivery/Storage and Site Logistics Best Practices (page 29)
MATERIAL DELIVERY/STORAGE AND SITE LOGISTICS BEST PRACTICES
Best Practice
BEST PRACTICE DESCRIPTION
Number
1 Assign one person the responsibility of managing material and equipment delivery, handling
storage and staging.
2 Establish a standard unloading crew that consists of laborers or apprentices.
3 Establish standard procedures for receiving, handling and storing materials, and strictly enforce
the standard.
4 Develop a storage site layout that identifies where the materials and equipment are stored, and
annotate the location on the material and equipment delivery and storage log.
5 Develop a storage site identification system that provides a method to document and track the
location of all materials that have been delivered to the jobsite.
6 Establish storage space for each major material item or group (pipe, wire, boxes, etc.).
7 Sort and store the materials as soon as it is delivered to the site.
8 Allow storage space for waste or excess materials, and remove them as soon as possible.
9 Ensure the material and equipment is adequately secured and protected from the elements.
10 Make sure the materials manager is notified of pending deliveries.
11 Return all damaged, excess or incorrect materials to the vendor immediately in order to keep
the site free from clutter.
12 Arrange to have materials delivered just before you need them so that storage and handling is
kept to a minimum.
13 If materials are ordered in bulk, ask the vendor to store the materials at their office until you
need them on the jobsite (also consider paying extra for this option).
14 Consider using a material consignment trailer, where the vendor inventories the trailer each
week, restocks it and only charges you for the materials you use.
15 Try to place materials/equipment at the location where they will be used to improve access to
the materials/equipment and minimize handling.
16 Arrange to have materials packaged for efficient unloading, handling and installation.
17 Determine ahead of time what equipment will be needed to unload and handle material
deliveries.
18 Evaluate the capacity of material lifts, freight elevators and cranes to ensure they can safely
move the materials and equipment.
19 Locate your toilet facilities as close to the work areas as possible.
20 Locate your break facilities and trash containers as close to the work areas as possible.
21 Develop a map of facility locations, and distribute it to workers and suppliers/vendors.

74
Table 4.18: Material and Equipment Delivery and Storage Log (page 25)
ProjectNumber:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ProjectName:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Location:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ProjectManager:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
MATERIALANDEQUIPMENTDELIVERYANDSTORAGELOG
DATEP.O.RECEIVEDSTORAGEDAMAGED
RECEIVEDNUMBER
DESCRIPTIONOFITEMRECEIVEDQUANTITY
BYLOCATIONITEMS
NOTES

75
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.19: Site Logistics Review Items (page 29)
SITE LOGISTICS REVIEW CHECKLIST
II Review the site layout, and identify placement of materials and facilities
to maximize productivity.
II Identify site entry and exit points, and plan possible vehicle circulation.
II Identify procedures for receiving materials and authorized personnel.
II Identify material storage locations.
II Determine and document equipment that will be needed to unload and
move materials (cranes, fork lift, pallet jacks, etc.).
II Evaluate material lifts, freight elevators and cranes to determine whether
they can support the size and weight of the material items.
II Determine and order special tools associated with material handling
(box cutters, bar code readers, computers, etc.).
II Establish a “receiving crew” that consists of laborers or apprentices who
will unload trucks and move materials.
II Select a worker to be in charge of material handling, including inspection
and inventory of delivered items.
II Establish standard procedures for receiving, logging, handling and stor-
ing materials and equipment on the jobsite or at an offsite location.
II Establish delivery dates for all materials and develop a schedule of
deliveries.
II Evaluate purchasing options to ensure materials are ordered to promote
efficient unloading, storage and installation.
II Evaluate the benefits and pitfalls of prefabrication in terms of delivery,
storage, handling and installation.
II Review the material delivery, handling, storage and staging best prac-
tices (see Table 4.18).

76
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Start Date: __________________________________________________________________________________________
BUDGET PREPARATION CHECKLIST FOR PRE-CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
ACT.
COMPLETION ITEM
DATE NO.
SUB-ACTIVITIES
27. Develop, review or expand the cost code scheme.
II 1
Decide whether to use a cost code scheme based upon 16
specifications divisions or 48 specifications divisions.
II 2
Review the cost estimate to identify the existing cost code
breakdown, and decide whether additional breakdown is necessary.
Review the company standard list of cost codes (or use Table 4.21),
II 3 and decide which codes will be needed for breaking down the work
for tracking and billing.
II 4 Add new codes for work items that are not on the standard list.
II 5
Assign additional codes to specify the costs associated with material,
equipment, labor, subcontractors and other miscellaneous costs.
28. Develop budget by breaking down labor, material, overhead and profit costs.
II 1
Create the budget in concert with the labor and materials tracking
report.
Establish a budget with sufficient line items to identify potential
II 2 problems yet enough simplicity to avoid complex, time-consuming
data entry.
II 3
Verify that labor and materials can and will be reported according to
the budget line items.
29. Develop schedule of values
II 1
Review the contract to identify the contractual format and process
for developing a schedule of values.
II 2 Create the schedule of values in concert with the billing process.
II 3
Consider “rolling up” the budget so that the schedule of values has
the same summary line items but fewer sub-line items.
Table 4.20: Budget Preparation Checklist (page 30)

DIVISION DESCRIPTION
01000 General Requirements/Conditions
01500 Temporary Facilities and Controls
01510 Temporary Utilities
01700 Execution and Closeout Requirements
01710 Mobilization
01730 Cutting and Patching
01740 Cleaning and Waste Management
01780 Closeout Submittals
02200 Site Preparation
02220 Demolition
02500 Utility Services
02580 Electrical and Communications Structures
03400 Precast Concrete
03480 Precast Concrete Specialties
05400 Cold-Formed Metal Framing
05450 Electrical Support Assemblies
10400 Identification Devices
10440 Illuminated Interior Signage
11060 Theater and Stage Equipment
11060 Stage Lighting and Controls
11060 Controls for Theater & Stage Equipment
11130 Audio-Visual Equipment
13100 Lightning Protection Conductors
13110 Cathodic Protection Conductors
13700 Security Access and Surveillance
13800 Building Automation and Control
13850 Detection and Alarms
15900 HVAC Instrumentation and Control
16050 Basic Electrical Materials and Methods
16060 Grounding and Bonding
16070 Hangers and Supports
16075 Electrical Identification
16080 Electrical Testing
16090 Restoration and Repair
16100 Wiring Methods
16120 Conductors and Cables
16130 Raceway and Boxes
16140 Wiring Devices
16150 Wiring Connections
16200 Electrical Power
16210 Electrical Utility Services
16220 Motors and Generators
16230 Generator Assemblies
16240 Battery Equipment
16260 Static Power Converters
16270 Transformers
16280 Power Filters and Conditioners
DIVISION DESCRIPTION
16300 Transmission And Distribution
16310 Transmission and Distribution
Accessories
16320 High-Voltage Switching and Protection
16330 Medium-Voltage Switching and Protection
16340 Medium-Voltage Switching and
Protection Assemblies
16360 Unit Substations
16400 Low-Voltage Distribution
16410 Enclosed Switches and Circuit Breakers
16420 Enclosed Controllers
16430 Low-Voltage Switchgear
16440 Switchboards, Panelboards, and
Control Centers
16450 Enclosed Bus Assemblies
16460 Low-Voltage Transformers
16470 Power Distribution Units
16490 Components and Accessories
16500 Lighting
16510 Interior Luminaires
16520 Exterior Luminaires
16530 Emergency Lighting
16540 Classified Location Lighting
16550 Special-Purpose Lighting
16560 Signal Lighting
16570 Dimming Control
16580 Lighting Accessories
16590 Lighting Restoration and Repair
16700 Communications
16710 Communications Circuits
16720 Telephone and Intercommunication
Equipment
16740 Communication and Data Processing
Equipment
16770 Cable Transmission and Reception
Equipment
16780 Broadcast Transmission and Reception
Equipment
16790 Microwave Transmission and Reception
Equipment
16800 Sound and Video
16810 Sound and Video Circuits
16820 Sound Reinforcement
16830 Broadcast Studio Audio Equipment
16840 Broadcast Studio Video Equipment
16850 Television Equipment
16880 Multimedia Equipment
77
Table 4.21: Cost Code Scheme Based on Masterformat™
1995 (16 Divisions) (page 30)

78
ProjectNumber:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ProjectName:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Location:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ProjectManager:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CHANGEORDERLOG
CSIOH&P
DIVISION
DESCRIPTIONLABORMATERIALSEQUIPMENTSUBCONTRACTS
(15%)
TOTAL
Table 4.22: Budget Breakdown and Tracking Spreadsheet (pages 30, 36, 40)

79
ProjectNumber:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ProjectName:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Location:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ProjectManager:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SCHEDULEOFVALUES
(A)(C)(D)(E)(F)=(D+E)(G)=(F/C)(H)=(C-F)
LINE
(B)
CONTRACTPREVIOUSLYCOMPLETEDCOMPLETED%BALANCE
(I)
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
VALUECOMPLETEDTHISPERIODTODATECOMPLETETOFINISH
RETAINAGE
Table 4.23: Company Schedule of Values (pages 31, 40)

80
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Start Date: __________________________________________________________________________________________
LAYOUT AND SEQUENCING CHECKLIST FOR PRE-CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
ACT.
COMPLETION ITEM
DATE NO.
SUB-ACTIVITIES
30. Develop installation sequence and layout drawings.
II 1 Organize the project by areas, floors or systems
II 2
Allocate sufficient time to mentally think through the sequencing of all
work processes from start through completion.
II 3
Determine whether to create sequence and layout drawings by hand
(marked-up drawings) or by creating new CAD drawings.
Create daily installation drawings at least one day prior to the date
II 4 when the work needs to be performed so that the drawings can be
distributed each morning to foremen and field crews.
II 5
Review the sequence daily or weekly to ensure the project is
progressing as expected.
31. Develop field instructions, including panel, pull or conduit schedules.
Review the sequence and installation process to identify any
II 1 additional information that might minimize questions and improve
productivity.
Create the panel, pull or conduit schedules in conjunction with the
II 2 installation drawings so that they can be distributed as a package to
the foremen or field crews.
II 3
When repetitive work is scheduled on a project, develop field
instructions and drawings
32. Develop prefabrication drawings for field use (when applicable).
For systems that are partially or completely prefabricated in a
II 1 prefabrication shop, develop drawings that show how the
prefabricated parts should be assembled and installed in the field.
For systems prefabricated in a shop, ensure the prefabricated parts
II 2 are clearly labeled and that these labels correspond to an assembly
and installation scheme identified on the drawings.
If on-site prefabrication is scheduled, the drawings should identify
II 3 the step-by-step process of how each piece is assembled into the
prefabricated system.
II 4
If on-site prefabrication is scheduled, separate drawings should also
be created to identify how the prefabricated parts should be installed.
II 5
Distribute the prefabrication drawings to the foremen or field crews
that will perform the work.
Table 4.24: Layout and Sequencing Planning Checklist (page 32)

81
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Start Date: __________________________________________________________________________________________
SCHEDULE DEVELOPMENT CHECKLIST FOR PRE-CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
ACT.
COMPLETION ITEM
DATE NO.
SUB-ACTIVITIES
33. Review customer’s (general contractor’s) schedule and timeline.
II 1
Complete the “Customer’s Schedule Review Items” checklist (see
Table 4.26)
II 2
Initiate or attend a customer schedule review meeting to identify any
special requirements and clarify any questions.
34. Identify work that impacts electrical activities.
II 1
While reviewing the overall construction schedule, annotate work
that must be coordinated with other trades.
II 2
While reviewing the overall construction schedule, annotate potential
conflicts that will require coordination.
II 3
Develop and submit RFIs to resolve open questions about equipment
wiring or conflicts among systems.
Request an initial (and a recurring) coordination meeting to identify
II 4 and resolve schedule questions and conflicts before installation
begins..
35. Review the work sequence and long-lead-time material/equipment delivery dates.
II 1
Develop a rough draft of the electrical schedule from the sequence
and installation plan.
II 2
Verify the ordering and delivery dates of long-lead-time materials
and equipment.
Perform a three-way coordination between the sequencing/
II 3 installation plan, material/equipment delivery plan and the draft
draft electrical schedule.
II 4
Modify the draft schedule and sequencing/installation plan to
accommodate long-lead-time deliveries.
Table 4.25: Schedule Development Planning Checklist (page 34)

82
Project Number: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.25: Schedule Development Planning Checklist (continued)
36. Coordinate electrical schedule with the customer’s schedule.
After coordinating the sequencing/installation plan, material/equip-
II 1 ment delivery plan and the draft electrical schedule, coordinate the
draft schedule with the customer’s schedule and adjust as necessary.
Review the final electrical schedule with the customer, general
II 2 contractor, other trade contractors and suppliers to resolve any final
conflicts.
II 3
Seek approval of the schedule from the customer and general
contractor.
II 4
Seek integration of the electrical schedule into the customer/general
contractor’s overall project schedule.
24. Develop and process log and book of submittals, cut sheets and shop drawings.
In addition to the integration of the electrical schedule into the overall
II 1 schedule, format the final electrical schedule into an independent bar
chart for tracking and control.
II 2 Select the type of bar chart to develop and track.
II 3
Save the original approved schedule as the baseline so that progress
can be tracked and delays can be documented.
II 4
Distribute the electrical bar chart schedule to the customer, general
contractor, various subcontractors and suppliers.

83
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.26: Customer’s Schedule Review Items (pages 34, 41)
CUSTOMER’S SCHEDULE REVIEW CHECKLIST
Completed Item to Review Annotations
II Identify the overall project start date:
II Identify the electrical work start date:
II Identify the overall project completion date:
II Identify the electrical work completion date:
II List any interim milestones:
II Is the project divided into phases? II Yes II No
II Identify the start and completion dates for each phase (if applicable):
II Does the contract include a liquidated damages clause? II Yes II No
II Does the contract include an incentive for early completion? II Yes II No
II Can the electrical work be completed in the timeframe identified in
the contract documents? II Yes II No
II If the schedule must be compressed, create a plan for compressing
the schedule and completing the work by the contractual completion date.
II Identify unusual scheduling requirements (such as night work, second
shift work, after-school work hours, escort required, etc.):
II Will the owner furnish any items, such as materials or equipment? II Yes II No
II Identify the “deliver no later than” dates that owner-furnished items
must be delivered to the jobsite.
II Will any portion of the work be installed by the owner’s own workforce
or a separate contract? (example: automated shelving systems) II Yes II No
II Identify the “install no later than” dates that owner-installed items
must be completed.
II Identify techniques that will speed up the completion of the work.

84
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.26: Customer’s Schedule Review Items (continued)
CUSTOMER’S SCHEDULE REVIEW CHECKLIST
Completed Item to Review Annotations
II Review the sequencing/installation plan to determine how the
electrical work fits into the overall project schedule.
II Identify work that has already been completed:
II Identify work in progress and percent complete:
II Identify non-electrical activities that must be completed before the
electrical portion of the work can begin.
II Are you aware of any pending changes to the overall project or
electrical work? II Yes II No
II If yes, describe the pending changes:
II Do you anticipate crowded site conditions? II Yes II No
II If yes, consider scheduling some of the electrical work during a second
shift to improve productivity.

85
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.27: Schedule Development Best Practices and Rules-of-Thumb (page 35)
SCHEDULE DEVELOPMENT BEST PRACTICES AND RULES-OF-THUMB
Best Practice
BEST PRACTICE/RULE-OF-THUMB DESCRIPTION
Number
1 Seek scheduling input from the field superintendent and foremen. They often understand how
the work will be accomplished and how the installation method corresponds to the crew size
and duration.
2 Develop the first draft schedule using actual durations to determine whether the electrical work
can be completed by the contractual completion date. If the schedule must be compressed,
build the compression into the second draft schedule.
3 Consider developing a resource-loaded schedule so that the expenditures from the schedule
can be compared to the expenditures from the cost report.
4 Compare the estimated work hours for an activity (or work process) to the scheduled duration
of that activity (or work process). Then, either adjust the duration based on estimated work
hours and expected crew size, or adjust the crew size based on the estimated work hours and
allowable duration.
5 Be sure the schedule takes into account the time of year when the work item will be performed
and the possible weather that can be expected. Excessive heat, cold, humidity, rain or wind can
significantly impact the progress of the work.
6 Understand when major materials and equipment items will be delivered to the jobsite. The
schedule may need to be adjusted to accommodate the delivery of those items.
7 Be sure the schedule clearly documents the date when owner-furnished materials and equip-
ment must be received. Also, make sure the owner knows when these items are required, and
seek their acknowledgement in writing.
8 Review the schedule of other specialty contractors to identify work that will impact the electri-
cal schedule. For example, if the air conditioning unit will require a power connection, comple-
tion of the connection must occur after the unit has been delivered and installed. Hence, the
electrical work must be coordinated with the mechanical work.
9 The electrical schedule should incorporate the work of any electrical subcontractors, such as
the fire alarm installer and tester. Review and incorporate your subcontractors’ work into your
own schedule and be sure to provide updates if the schedule changes.
10 If crowded conditions or overmanning is expected on a jobsite (due to a small site or an accel-
eration of the work), consider scheduling some of the electrical work during a second shift to
improve workflow and increase productivity.
11 Once the electrical schedule has been reviewed and approved by the customer/general contrac-
tor, document delays and changes to the sequence caused by others. Good documentation can
improve your chances of receiving a time extension and financial compensation.

86
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.27: Schedule Development Best Practices and Rules-of-Thumb (continued)
SCHEDULE DEVELOPMENT BEST PRACTICES AND RULES-OF-THUMB
Best Practice
Number
12 When developing work activities or elements for the schedule, review the budget, cost codes
and installation sequence plan. Create work elements that comprise no more than 5% of the
scope of work so that inaccuracy in tracking progress will not have a significant impact on the
percent complete.
13 Consider creating a computerized bar chart schedule. Tracking and control will be greatly sim-
plified if the updates can be made in a computer system.
14 Consider dividing the schedule into areas or systems, such as first floor, second floor, etc. This
will simplify tracking and control, especially on larger projects.
15 If some of the work is repetitive (such as conduit and wire on the first floor, second floor, etc.),
consider creating these activities in your computer scheduling software and simply cutting and
pasting as many times as the work occurs. The dates and durations can then be modified for
each area of work.

87
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Start Date: __________________________________________________________________________________________
TRACKING AND CONTROL CHECKLIST FOR PRE-CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
ACT.
COMPLETION ITEM
DATE NO.
SUB-ACTIVITIES
38. Customize the computerized tracking and control system (database/ schedule/etc.) for the current project.
II 1 Review the tracking and control best practices (Table 4.31).
II 2 Complete the tracking and control tools checklist (Table 4.32).
II 3
Select appropriate computerized tracking and control tools for the
project.
II 4 Modify the tracking and control tools for the project.
39. Develop labor and materials tracking report.
II 1
Review the cost estimate and associated budget and cost code
scheme.
II 2
Match the cost estimate/budget work items to crew assignments so
that labor and materials can be tracked easily.
II 3 Select the reports to be created and used for monitoring progress.
II 4
Develop the selected reports by inputting project data into the
reporting system (database or accounting system).
Table 4.28: Tracking and Control Planning Checklist (page 36)

88
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.29: Tracking and Control Best Practices (page 36)
TRACKING AND CONTROL BEST PRACTICES
Best Practice
Number
1 Remember that tracking and control involves a time-cost tradeoff. The more detailed the track-
ing and control system is, the more time must be spent on entering data and the greater the
overhead costs will be. You must balance detail with simplicity.
2 Be sure to take into account the financial information needs of banks and bonding companies
when setting up your control system.
3 If your company keeps track of historic costs, be sure the tracking and control system captures
the right data in the proper format so that it can be added to the historic cost database.
4 Match budget/cost control line items with field work items so that labor hours can be easily
reported and tracked.
5 Review the daily labor reporting procedures with the field supervisor and foremen. Be sure they
understand how to code timecards so that the work performed can be directly associated with
line items in the budget and tracking reports.
6 Deviations between actual and estimated costs and work hours should be discussed with the
field supervisor each week to identify and correct problems immediately.
7 Seek feedback from the crew members about the causes of poor productivity and cost/labor
hours overruns.
8 Work together with crews to improve productivity. Often, management actions or inactions
contribute to productivity outcomes. For example, poor instructions can hinder productive work,
while speedy responses to questions can help increase productivity.
9 If the crew members complete the work in fewer hours than estimated, provide a reward to
thank them for their hard work, such as free lunch or special recognition.
10 Try using incentives regularly to improve productivity.
11 Make sure your data entries are as accurate as possible. Remember that cost reports should
provide the project manager with a realistic financial overview of the project.
12 A negative variance between estimated and actual cost and work hours should be addressed
through corrective action. One of the main benefits of monthly cost reporting is to identify
problems early enough to take corrective action.

89
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.30: Tracking and Control Tools Checklist (page 36)
TRACKING AND CONTROL TOOLS CHECKLIST
II Identify the goals of your tracking and control system. Do you want to:
a. Monitor profitability?
b. Identify variations in costs and work hours?
c. Track productivity of the workforce?
d. Contribute to your historical costs database?
e. Document costs that are beyond the initial scope of work?
f. Track changes in cost and work hours?
g. Create contractually-mandated cost reports for the customer?
h. Evaluate the effectiveness of your management team?
i. Conduct risk analyses on future projects of a similar type?
II
Create a project schedule, and format it so that you can update the
progress of all schedule line items (see Activity 37). Match schedule line
items to budget line items to facilitate effective tracking.
II As an alternative, create a resource-loaded schedule that will permit you
to track cost and labor hours as you track schedule progress.
II
Create a manpower loading chart that identifies your crew size and com-
position for each week of the project (see Figure 4.13).
II
Customize the computerized project management program so that you
can use it as a tool to track RFIs, submittals, purchase orders, deliveries
and change orders.
II
Create a progress report to track variances in costs and labor hours. Your
progress report should track budgeted line items.
II
Create a labor productivity report to compare estimated to actual pro-
ductivity and identify solutions to problems. Daily time sheets should be
coded to match budget line items.
II
Other:
II
Other:

90
PROJECT NUMBER: _____________________________________________________________________________________________
PROJECT NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
FIELD SUPERVISOR: ____________________________________________________________________________________________
EMPLOYEE NAME:______________________________________________________________________________________________
PAY PERIOD: FROM __________________________________________ TO: ______________________________________________
Figure 4.31: Daily Labor Time Report (pages 36, 40)
DAILY TIME SHEET
DAY WORK DESCRIPTION COST CODE
HOURS
REGULAR OVERTIME DOUBLE TIME
MON
TOTAL HOURS
HOURS
TUE
TOTAL HOURS
HOURS
WED
TOTAL HOURS
HOURS
THU
TOTAL HOURS

91
Figure 4.31: Daily Labor Time Report (continued)
HOURS
FRI
TOTAL HOURS
HOURS
SAT
TOTAL HOURS
HOURS
SUN
TOTAL HOURS

92
ProjectNumber:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ProjectName:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Location:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ProjectManager:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
LABORPRODUCTIVITYTRACKING
ESTIMATEDACTUAL
CSI
DESCRIPTIONUNITSQTYOF
HOURS
HOURS/TOTALQTYOF
HOURS
HOURS/TOTALDIVISION
UNITSUNITSCOSTUNITSUNITSCOST
Table 4.32: Labor Productivity Report (pages 36, 40)

93
CONSTRUCTION EXECUTION KICKOFF MEETING AGENDA
Agenda Items:
1. Project overview
a. Project name
b. Location
c. Type of work
d. Contract cost
e. General scope of work
2. Introduce internal team members and any changes in team members since planning meeting.
a. Project Manager
b. Field Supervisor
c. Foremen
d. Estimator
e. Accounting representative
f. Purchasing Agent
g. Director of Operations
h. Other internal team members
3. Identify external team members and any changes in team members since planning meeting.
a. Owner/Customer
b. Architect/Engineer
c. General Contractor/Construction Manager
d. Other Specialty Subcontractors
e. Vendors/Suppliers
4. Review the general scope of work.
a. Provide an overview of the project scope of work and the electrical scope
b. Review major work performed by others
5. Review the meetings schedule.
a. Internal office and jobsite progress meetings
b. Jobsite safety and coordination meetings
c. Project progress and coordination meetings
d. Other meetings
6. Review the Request for Information (RFI) Process.
a. Standard company RFI procedure
b. Contractual language regarding RFIs and the RFI process
c. Current outstanding RFIs
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Meeting Date and Location: ___________________________________________________________________________
Estimator:___________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.33: Construction Execution Kickoff Meeting Agenda (page 38)

94
Agenda Items:
7. Review the change order process.
a. Contract language regarding changes and the change order process
b. Standard company change order and field change processes
c. Documentation of changes, delays, disruptions and disputed work
8. Review the submittal process.
a. Contract language regarding submittals and the submittal process
b. Standard company submittal processes
c. Following up on late submissions and approvals
9. Review the billing process.
a. Contract language regarding billing and the payment process
b. Standard company billing processes
c. Subcontractor/supplier/vendor invoicing and payment
d. Following up on late payments or open accounts receivable
10. Review the tracking and control process.
a. Labor reporting
b. Progress reporting and percent complete
c. The progress update timeline
d. Standard company progress update procedures
a. Customer-furnished schedule
b. Electrical bar chart schedule
c. Work by others that will impact the electrical work
d. Important material and equipment delivery dates
e. Schedule updating to reflect percent complete
12. Review site logistics and material storage and staging.
a. Site access
b. Parking
c. Material delivery procedures
d. Material storage locations
e. Trailer locations (if applicable)
f. Site cleanup requirements
g. Temporary power and lighting requirements
13. Review special safety issues.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Number: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.33: Construction Execution Kickoff Meeting Agenda (continued)

95
Project Number: _____________________________________________________________________________________
Project Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Location:____________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Manager:_____________________________________________________________________________________
Start Date: __________________________________________________________________________________________
CONSTRUCTION EXECUTION KICKOFF CHECKLIST FOR PRE-CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
ACT.
COMPLETION ITEM
DATE NO.
SUB-ACTIVITIES
40. Review meeting schedule.
II 1
Review the schedule of weekly internal meetings associated with the
project.
II 2
Review the schedule of weekly project meetings conducted by the
customer or general contractor.
II 3
Identify the internal team members that will be responsible for
attending the internal and external meetings.
41. Review request for information (RFI) process.
II 1
Review the contract for a customer-mandated request for information
(RFI) process.
II 2
Review the company standard procedure for developing, processing,
tracking and closing out a request for information.
II 3
Modify the company standard RFI procedure, as necessary, to
conform to the contractually-mandated process.
42. Develop prefabrication drawings for field use (when applicable).
II 1
Review the contract for a customer-mandated change order (CO)
process and field change request process.
II 2
Review the company standard change order procedure and field
change request/management process.
II 3
Discuss the process for documenting changes, delays and
disruptions in the work flow and sequence.
II 4
Discuss the process for tracking and following up on change order
requests and payment for field change directives.
43. Review submittal processing procedures.
II 1
Review the contract documents for a customer-mandated submittal
processing procedures.
II 2
Review the company standard procedure for developing, processing,
tracking and receiving approval for project submittals.
II 3
Modify the company standard submittal procedure, as necessary, to
conform to the contractually-mandated process.
Table 4.34: Construction Execution Kickoff Meeting Checklist (page 38)

96
Project Number: ____________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.34: Construction Execution Kickoff Meeting Checklist (continued)
44. Review billing and invoicing procedures
II 1
Review the customer/general contractor’s process and timeline for
invoicing, lien waivers and payment.
II 2
Review the internal billing cycle established by the accounting
department.
II 3
If necessary, adjust the internal billing cycle to conform to the
customer/general contractor’s invoicing cycle.
II 4
Discuss the process for following up with the customer/general
contractor on late unpaid invoices.
45. Review project and field reporting and tracking procedures.
II 1
Discuss the process for reporting labor hours and submitting
timecards to the accounting office.
II 2 Discuss the process for reporting progress and percent complete.
II 3
Discuss the process for tracking material and equipment costs and
purchase orders.
II 4
Review and discuss the tracking tools that will be used to monitor
progress.
II 5 Review the monthly update process.
46. Review electrical and customer schedules.
II 1 Review the electrical bar chart schedule.
II 2 Review the customer/general contractor’s schedule and/or timeline.
II 3 Discuss the process for updating the schedule.

5.1 Introduction to the Planning
Assessment Process
Chapter 4 of this manual discusses, in detail,
the model electrical pre-construction planning
process. This research discovered that projects that
implemented a planning process similar to the
model process tended to perform more successfully.
Furthermore, there appeared to be 16 activities that
had an especially strong influence on perform-
ance—and many of these activities were often over-
looked during the planning process.
5.2 Purpose of the Planning
Assessment Process
Chapter 4 presents a series of instructions and
easy-to-use checklists to guide electrical contractors
through the pre-construction planning process. The
purpose of this chapter is to present a scorecard
that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the
planning that was completed on a project that is
about to be executed.
The chapter will begin by identifying the 16
activities that had an especially strong influence on
performance in order to explain why these activities
are weighted more heavily on the planning score-
card. Then, the planning effectiveness scorecard will
be introduced, which includes all of the activities
from the model planning process, and instructions
will be provided on how to score the effectiveness
of planning on a new project. Finally, a section on
“score analysis” will present some rules-of-thumb
and benchmark score values for projects that have
various characteristics, such as large projects versus
small projects, complex projects versus simple proj-
ects, and so on.
5.3 Important and Influential
Planning Activities
It is essential to note that each of the 46 pre-
construction planning activities in the Model
Electrical Pre-Construction Planning Process is an
important part of the planning process. It is also
worth noting that not every activity will require a
great deal of time to complete. Indeed, many of the
activities can be completed in a matter of a few
minutes, particularly on smaller projects. The proj-
ect manager will need to exercise skill and judg-
ment when determining how much time to devote
to each activity.
Many of the activities are clearly critical to an
effective planning process. Such obvious activities
as reviewing the plans and specifications, adminis-
tratively setting up the project, and issuing purchase
orders can directly impact the smooth execution of
a project. Overall, 16 “influential activities” were
identified through careful research, and these activi-
ties are identified in the next section. It is critical
that the project manager understand the following:
However, 16 of those activities have a particu-
larly strong influence on the outcome of a project.
5.3.1 The 16 Influential Planning Activities
Sixteen of the pre-construction planning activi-
ties were identified as having an especially strong
97
Section 3: Planning Assessment and Best Practices
5. The Planning Assessment Process
All of the 46 pre-construction planning
activities are important to project success.

correlation to a successful project outcome. These
activities include the following:
I Team Selection and Turnover
Activity 2: Hold turnover meeting between
estimator and project manager (when
applicable).
Activity 3: Hold separate turnover meeting
between project manager and field supervi-
sor.
I Scope and Contract Review
Activity 7: Field supervisor reviews plans,
specifications and schedule.
Activity 10: Compare estimated (bid) work
activities and materials to planned per-
formance.
Activity 11: Identify value engineering and pre-
fabrication opportunities and how to sim-
plify the work.
I Administrative Setup
Activity 16: Initiate a request for information
(RFI) tracking and processing system.
Activity 17: Initiate a submittal tracking and
processing system.
I Buyout Process
Activity 23: Request submittals, cut sheets and
shop drawings.
I Material Handling Plan
Activity 25: Develop material delivery and han-
dling plan.
Activity 26: Develop material storage and stag-
ing plan.
I Layout and Sequencing Plan
Activity 30: Develop installation sequence and
layout drawings.
Activity 31: Develop field instructions, includ-
ing panel, pull or conduit schedules.
Activity 32: Develop prefabrication drawings
for field use (when applicable).
I Schedule Development
Activity 36: Coordinate electrical schedule with
the customer's schedule.
I Construction Execution Kickoff Meeting
Activity 43: Review submittal processing pro-
cedure.
Activity 44: Review billing and invoicing pro-
cedures.
When performing pre-construction planning,
extra care should be taken to include these activi-
ties in the planning process. Although it is recom-
mended that all of the 46 activities be completed,
under extraordinary circumstances, when the plan-
ning process must be abbreviated, these 16 activi-
ties should be among those that get completed.
5.4 Planning Assessment Process
The planning assessment process provides a sim-
ple method for evaluating whether each of the 46
pre-construction planning activities has been com-
pleted and whether an activity was completed before
or after a project was executed. Under ideal circum-
stances, all of the planning activities will be complet-
ed prior to executing the work. However, ideal cir-
cumstances are rare in the construction industry, and
often, some of the planning activities must be com-
pleted after the project has been executed.
The purpose of this section is to introduce the
planning effectiveness scorecard and to provide
instructions on how to use the scorecard to evaluate
the planning that has occurred on a new project.
5.4.1 The Planning Effectiveness Scorecard
The planning effectiveness scorecard was devel-
oped as a tool to evaluate how closely a project’s
actual planning process matches the Model
Electrical Pre-Construction Planning Process. The
scorecard, which is presented as Table 5.1 (pages
100-101), lists each of the 46 model pre-construc-
tion planning activities (Column C). Space is pro-
vided in Column D for contractors to identify
98

THE PLANNING ASSESSMENT PROCESS
whether or not the activity was performed and to
assign a “performance score.”
The performance score is assigned based on
whether an activity was performed or not per-
formed and whether it was completed before or
after execution using the following scale:
Using this scale, a higher summed performance
score indicates that more of the pre-construction
planning activities were completed before executing
the work, which correlates strongly to better project
performance.
Column E represents the weight assigned to
each activity. As mentioned in the previous section,
16 of the activities have a stronger influence on
performance, and as a result, these activities are
assigned larger weights. To calculate a final score
(Column F) for each activity, Column D
(Performance Score) is multiplied by Column E
(Weight). The planning effectiveness score is the
sum of all of the total scores.
5.4.2 Score Analysis
Projects that were investigated as part of the
research had various character-istics. In particular,
four characteristics were analyzed, including proj-
ect size, initial uncertainty, bid accuracy and type
of construction.
5.4.2.1 Project Size
Project Size is generally determined by three
values: contract cost at award, original estimated
total work hours and estimated peak number of
electricians. Furthermore, estimated project dura-
tion is also strongly related to a project’s size.
5.4.2.2 Initial Uncertainty of the Project
Initial uncertainty of the project is generally
determined by three values: perceived level of
uncertainty (high, medium or low), percentage of
the total design completed at bid and perceived
level of complexity (high, medium or low).
5.4.2.3 Bid Accuracy
Bid Accuracy is generally determined by two
concepts: a perceived accurate cost estimate and
perceived accurate estimated work hours.
5.4.2.4 Type of Construction
Type of Construction is generally determined
by classifying projects as: commercial, industrial,
institutional and other.
99
PERFORMANCE SCORE (Column D)
2 = Activity was completed before executing
the work
1 = Activity was completed after executing
the work
0 = Activity was not completed
The trend seems to indicate that larger proj-
ects will require a higher planning effective-
ness score to have a greater chance for suc-
cessful performance.
The trend indicates that projects with high
levels of initial uncertainty will require a
higher planning effectiveness score to have a
greater chance for successful performance.
The trend indicates that projects with an
inaccurate bid will require a higher planning
effectiveness score to have a greater chance
for successful performance.
The trend indicates that industrial and insti-
tutional projects require a higher planning
effectiveness score to have a greater chance
for successful performance.

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