Social Studies

1. A Dividing Nation
Chapter 20
Could a nation
born in freedom
endure half-slave
and half-free?

2. Confronting the Issue of Slavery
In 1819, the
number of slave
states and free
states stood at
11 apiece

3. Free States
 Free states: Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York,
Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts New
Hampshire, Vermont, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois

4. Slave States
 Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia,
Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana,
Mississippi, and Alabama

5. Questions about Missouri
 Congress
questioned whether
Missouri should be
admitted as a slave
state
 As a slave state, it
would spread
slavery into the
Louisiana Territory

6. Issue 1: Missouri applied for
statehood as a slave state
Northerners
favored/opposed
this because…
Southerners
favored/opposed
this because…

7. Issue 2: The Tallmadge Amendment
proposed that Missouri be admitted
as a free state
Northerners
favored/opposed
this because…
Southerners
favored/opposed
this because …

8. On your own…
Given these two issues,
create a compromise that
satisfies northerners of
southerners.

9. The Missouri Compromise
 Missouri entered the Union as a slave
state
 Maine entered the Union as a free state
 Congress drew an imaginary line across
the Louisiana Territory at latitude 36°30‫׳‬
 Slavery was permitted south of that line
and prohibited north of it

10. The Missouri Compromise
 North of the line,
slavery banned
forever, except in
Missouri
 South of the line,
slavery permitted

11. The Missouri Compromise Unravels
 Because of slavery, southerners threatened to secede,
or withdraw from the Union
 Northerners felt that slavery was a crime against
humanity… a great evil.

12. Issue 1:Abolitionists wanted to stop slavery in
Washington, D.C., but Congress refused to
consider anti-slavery petitions.
Northern
abolitionists
were
pleased/angered
because…
Southerners
were
pleased/angere
d because…

13. Issue 2: Some northerners assisted
fugitive slaves.
 Northerners
tolerated/condemned
this practice because…
 Southerners
tolerated/condemned
this practice because…

14. Issue 3: The Wilmot Proviso stated slavery
would not be allowed in the Mexican Cession
 Northerners
favored/opposed this
amendment because…
 Southerners
favored/opposed this
amendment because…

15. Issue 4: California applied for
admission as a free state
 Northerners
favored/opposed
admitting California as a
free state because…
 Southerners
favored/opposed
admitting California as a
free state because…

16. On your own…
Given these four issues,
create a compromise
that satisfies
northerners and
southerners.

17. The Compromise of 1850
 California was admitted as a free state
 New Mexico and Utah were organized as
territories open to slavery
 The slave trade was ended in Washington,
D.C.
 A strong fugitive slave law was passed

19. The Fugitive Slave Law
 A fugitive is a person who flees or tries to
escape from slavery.
 Under this law, any person arrested as a
runaway slave had no legal rights.
 It also stated that those who helped a slave
escape could be jailed.

20. Fugitive Slave Law
 The North was against
this law and refused to
support it.
 The assistance or help
that northerners gave
the escaped slaves
caused hard feelings
for southern
slaveholders.

21. Slave Auction

22. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
 Harriet Beecher
Stowe wrote this
novel after
experiencing a
vision that detailed
the horrors of
slavery

23. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s “Uncle
Tom’s Cabin”
 Uncle Tom’s Cabin
turned millions of
people against slavery
 Abraham Lincoln
commented to Stowe,
“So you’re the little
woman who wrote the
book that made this
great war”

24. The Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
 Created the
territories of Kansas
and Nebraska
 The Missouri
Compromise was
removed, allowing
slavery in the north

25. Popular Sovereignty
 Left it up to the settlers themselves to vote
on whether to permit slavery in Kansas and
Nebraska
 Popular Sovereignty is rule by the people
 Northerners were outraged because they did
not want slavery and it violated the Missouri
Compromise

26. Bloodshed in Kansas
The struggle over slavery turned violent on May 21,
1856
Pro-slavery vs. Anti-slavery
John Brown, an abolitionist, got revenge by
dragging 5 men who supported slavery and hacked
them to death with swords

27. The Dred Scott Case
 Dred Scott was a
slave who sued for
his freedom when
his master took him
to Wisconsin,
where slavery was
illegal

28. The Dred Scott Decision
 The United States
Supreme Court
ruled against Scott
because African
Americans, whether
slave or free, could
not become
American citizens

29. Dred Scott Decision
As a result of the Dred
Scott decision, slavery
allowed in all territories
(yellow states)

30. Issue 1: The Fugitive Slave Law caused
bitterness between North and the South
 Northerners were
satisfied/dissatisfied
with the way the Fugitive
Slave Law was enforced
because…
 Southerners were
satisfied/dissatisfied
with the way the Fugitive
Slave Law was enforced
because

31. Issue 2: The book Uncle Tom’s Cabin told
the story of a slave and his master.
The book was
popular/unpopular
in the North
because …
The book was
popular/unpopular
in the South
because…

32. Issue 3: The Kansas-Nebraska Act stated that the issue of slavery in
those territories would be decided by popular sovereignty. Both pro-
slavery and anti-slavery forces rushed to the territories to vote
Northerners were
pleased/unhappy
about the act
because….
Southerners were
pleased/unhappy
about the act
because….

33. Issue 4: The Dred Scott case. Scott was
a slave who believed his trip to
Wisconsin made him a free man.
 Northerners probably
believed he was a
free/still a slave because
….
 Southerners probably
believed he was free/still
a slave because…

34. On your own
 Recommend a ruling to the Supreme Court
on the Dred Scott case that satisfied
northerners and southerners. Your ruling
must address these issues: Was Scott a
citizen with the right to sue in federal court?
Did Scott’s visit to Wisconsin make him a
free man? Can Congress ban slavery in the
territories?

35. The Dred Scott Decision
 Scott could not sue for his freedom in a
federal court because he was not a citizen,
nor could any African American ever
become an American citizen
 Scott’s stay in Wisconsin did not make him a
free man because the Missouri Compromise
was unconstitutional
 Congress cannot ban slavery in the
territories

36. Issue 1: During the Lincoln-Douglass
debates, positions regarding slavery were
made clear
 Lincoln, representing the
opinion of the North, felt
slavery was a legal/moral
issue because…
 Douglas, representing
the opinion of the South,
felt that slavery was a
legal/moral issue
because…

37. Issue 2: John Brown attacked the
arsenal at Harpers Ferry to get
weapons for a slave rebellion.
 Some northerners
upset/reassured
southerners after
Brown’s raid because…
 Southerners were
unconcerned/fearful
about Brown’s raid
because…

38. Issue 3: In 1860 Abraham Lincoln
was elected president
 Northerners were
happy/unhappy about
the election because…
 Southerners were
happy/unhappy with the
election because…

39. On your own…
Given these three issues,
create a compromise that
satisfied northerners and
southerners and can save the
Union.

40. Secession
South Carolina and six other
states seceded from the
Union
South Carolina fired on Fort
Sumter (first shots)