The Ring programming language version 1.5 book - Part 31 of 31

Ring Documentation, Release 1.5
How to get the file size using ftell() and fseek() func-
tions?, 1705
How to insert an item to the first position in the list?,
1710
How to perform some manipulations on selected
cells in QTableWidget?, 1721
How to print keys or values only in List/Dictionary?,
1706
How to print lists that contains objects?, 1710
How to print new lines and other characters?, 1711
How to use many source code files in the project?,
1707
How to use NULL and ISNULL() function?, 1709
How to use SQLite using ODBC?, 1715
Introduction, 1690
Is Ring some sort of improvement over PHP?, 1693
List index start from 1, 1699
Philosophy behind data types in Ring, 1696
Search of global names while defining the class at-
tributes, 1703
The documentation says functional programming is
supported, but then this happens?, 1695
What about predefined parameters or optional pa-
rameters in functions?, 1705
What about the Boolean values in Ring?, 1697
What are the advantages to using Ring over C# or
Java?, 1695
What are the advantages to using Ring over Lisp or
Smalltalk?, 1692
What are the advantages to using Ring over native C
or C++?, 1693
What are the advantages to using Ring over Python
and Ruby?, 1694
What are the advantages to using Ring over Tcl and
Lua?, 1694
What happens when we create a new object?, 1701
What is the difference between Ring and Python?
And is Ring Open Source?, 1693
Where can I write a program and execute it?, 1704
Why do we need Yet Another Programming Lan-
guage (YAPL)?, 1691
Why I get a strange result when printing nl with
lists?, 1706
Why I get Calling Function without definition Er-
ror?, 1717
Why Ring is largely focussed on UI creation?, 1693
Why Ring is not case-sensitive, 1699
Why Ring is weakly typed?, 1692
Why Ring uses ’See’, ’Give’, ’But’ and ’Ok’ Key-
words?, 1696
Why setClickEvent() doesn’t see the object methods
directly?, 1717
Why the ability to define your own languages Instead
of just handing over the syntax so you can parse
it using whatever code you like?, 1695
Why the Assignment operator uses Deep copy?,
1700
Why the window title bar is going outside the
screen?, 1711
Why this example use the GetChar() twice?, 1708
Why we don’t use () after the qApp class name?,
1711
Why you can specify the number of loops you want
to break out of?, 1696
Fseek()
Files, 203
Fsetpos()
Files, 204
FSize()
Stdlib Functions, 298
Ftell()
Files, 203
Function Prototype
Extension, 729
function prototype
Code Generator, 738
Function Structure
Extension, 727
Functional Programming
Anonymous and Nested Functions, 264
Equality of functions, 265
First-Class Functions, 263
Higher-order Functions, 263
Introduction, 261
Pure Functions, 262
Functions - First Style
Call Functions, 155
Declare parameters, 156
Define Functions, 155
Introduction, 154
Main Function, 156
Recursion, 158
Return Value, 157
Send Parameters, 156
Variables Scope, 157
Functions - Second Style
Call Functions, 159
Introduction, 158
Main Function, 160
Recursion, 162
Return Value, 161
Functions - Third Style
Call Functions, 163
Index 1745

Introduction, 162
Main Function, 164
Recursion, 166
Return Value, 165
functions()
Reﬂection and Meta-programming, 268
Fwrite()
Files, 206
Game Class
Game Engine for 2D Games, 430
Game Engine Classes
Game Engine for 2D Games
Animate Class, 432
Animate Events, 443
Animation, 437
Animation and Functions, 438
Creating the Game Window, 432
Drawing Text, 433
Flappy Bird 3000 Game, 459
Game Class, 430
Game Engine Classes, 429
GameObject Class, 430
Games Layer, 429
Graphics Library Bindings, 428
Interface to graphics library, 428
Introduction, 427
Map, 445
Map Class, 432
Map Events, 446
Moving Text, 434
Object and Drawing, 448
Playing Sound, 436
Project Layers, 428
Sound Class, 432
Sprite Automatic Movement, 439
Sprite Class, 431
Sprite Keypress Event, 440
Sprite Mouse Event, 441
Sprite State Event, 442
Stars Fighter Game, 451
Super Man 2016 Game, 466
Text Class, 431
What is new in Ring 1.1?, 98
GameObject Class
Games Layer
gcd()
Generate Object File
Command Line Options, 697
Generate/Execute Ring Object Files (*.ringo)
Generating Pages using Objects
Web Development (CGI Library), 371
Get Active Source File Name
System Functions, 213
Get Command Line Arguments
Get List Item
Lists, 169
Get List Size
Lists, 169
Get Number of Characters from position
Strings, 179
Get Parameters Values
Extension, 728
Get Request
RingLibCurl, 401
Get Stock Data From Yahoo
RingLibCurl, 403
Get String Length
Strings, 176
Get Substring from position to end
Strings, 179
getattribute()
GetChar()
Getting Input, 153
getnumber()
getstring()
Getter and Setter Methods
Frequently Asked Questions, 1702
Getting Input
GetChar(), 153
Getting Started - First Style, 111
Getting Started - Second Style, 113
Getting Started - Third Style, 115
Give Command, 153
Input(), 154
Introduction, 152
Getting Started - First Style
Getting Input, 111
Hello World, 110
Introduction, 109
Multi-Line literals, 110
No Explicit End For Statements, 111
Not Case-Sensitive, 110
Run the program, 110
Writing Comments, 111
Getting Started - Second Style
Index 1746

Getting Input, 113
Hello World, 112
Introduction, 111
Getting Started - Third Style
Getting Input, 115
Hello World, 114
Introduction, 113
Give Command
Getting Input, 153
globals()
Goal of including the Main function in Ring
Gradient
Graphics and Game Programming
Drawing, Animation and Input, 408
Introduction, 407
Playing Sound, 415
Scaling and Rotating Images, 416
Threads, 418
Transparent Image, 417
TrueType Fonts, 414
Graphics Library Bindings
Hash Functions
HashTable Class
Stdlib Classes, 307
Hello World
Hello World Program using the Web Library
Hex()
Data Type, 192
Hex2str()
Data Type, 193
Higher-order Functions
Functional Programming, 263
History
Introduction, 13
Natural Language Programming, 330
How can I disable maximize button and resize window?
How Ring find a functions and methods?
Scope Rules for Functions and Methods, 664
How Ring find the Variable?
Scope Rules, 650
How to add Combobox and other elements to the cells of
a QTableWidget?
How to Close a window then displaying another one?
How to contribute?
Applications, 109
Compiler and Virtual Machine (VM), 109
Documentation, 108
Editors Support, 109
Extensions in C/C++, 109
Ideas and suggestions, 109
Introduction, 107
Libraries in Ring, 109
Samples, 108
Special thanks to contributors, 108
Testing, 108
How to create a Modal Window?
How to create an array of buttons in GUI applications?
How to extend RingQt and add more classes?
How to get the current source file path?
How to get the file size using ftell() and fseek() functions?
How to insert an item to the first position in the list?
How to perform some manipulations on selected cells in
QTableWidget?
How to print keys or values only in List/Dictionary?
How to print lists that contains objects?
How to print new lines and other characters?
How to use many source code files in the project?
How to use NULL and ISNULL() function?
How to use SQLite using ODBC?
HTML Lists
HTML Special Characters
Index 1747

HTML Tables
HtmlPage Class
Web Development (CGI Library), 376, 400
HTTP Get Example
HTTP POST Example
Ideas and suggestions
How to contribute?, 109
If Statement
Control Structures - Second Style, 145
Control Structures - Third Style, 148
Inheritance
Object Oriented Programming, 255
Inheritance from GUI Classes
Desktop and Mobile Development, 590
Input()
Getting Input, 154
Insert()
Lists, 172
Install Qt for Android
Building RingQt Applications for Mobile, 633
Interactive Debugger
The Trace Library and the Interactive Debugger, 719
Interface to graphics library
Internet Class
Stdlib Classes, 323
Introduction
Features, 13
History, 13
Introduction, 11
Motivation, 12
Is Ring some sort of improvement over PHP?
IsAlNum()
Data Type, 188
IsAlpha()
Data Type, 188
IsAndroid() Function
isattribute()
iscfunction()
isclass()
IsCntrl()
Data Type, 188
IsDigit()
Data Type, 189
IsFreeBSD() Function
isfunction()
isglobal()
IsGraph()
Data Type, 189
isleapyear()
IsLinux() Function
IsList()
Data Type, 187
islocal()
IsLower()
Data Type, 189
IsMacOSX() Function
ismainsourceﬁle()
ismethod()
IsMSDOS() Function
IsNULL()
Data Type, 187
IsNumber()
Data Type, 186
isobject()
ispackage()
ispackagesclass()
isprime()
IsPrint()
Data Type, 189
isprivateattribute()
isprivatemethod()
IsPunct()
Data Type, 190
IsSpace()
Data Type, 190
isspecial()
IsString()
Data Type, 186
IsUnix() Function
Index 1748

IsUpper()
Data Type, 190
isvowel()
IsWindows() Function
IsWindows64() Function
IsXdigit()
Data Type, 190
JustFileName()
JustFilePath()
Keyboard Events and Colors
Using RingOpenGL and RingFreeGLUT for 3D
Graphics, 488
Keyboard Shortcuts
Form Designer, 646
KeyPress and Mouse Move Events
Language Design
Compact Syntax, 19
Define Declarative Languages, 22
Define Natural Statements, 20
Designed for a clear goal, 17
Encourage Organization, 19
Introduction, 16
Simple, 17
Smart Garbage Collector, 25
Transparent Implementation, 23
Trying to be natural, 18
Visual Implementation, 24
Why Ring?, 17
Language Functions
Reference, 1724
Language Grammar
Reference, 1727
Language Keywords
Reference, 1723
Language Shell
Demo Programs, 219
lcm()
Left()
Strings, 177
Libraries in Ring
Library Usage
Objects Library for RingQt Application, 636
linecount()
Lines()
Strings, 178
List Class
Stdlib Classes, 304
List index start from 1
List of changes and new features
What is new in Ring 1.4.1?, 60
list of functions
Mathematical Functions, 194
list2file()
ListAllFiles() Function
Lists
Access List Items by String Index, 174
Add Items, 168
Copy Lists, 172
Create Lists, 168
Delete Item From List, 169
First-Class Lists, 173
Get List Item, 169
Get List Size, 169
Insert(), 172
Introduction, 167
Nested Lists, 172
Passing Lists to Functions, 173
Passing Parameters Using List, 174
Reverse(), 171
Search, 170
Set List Item, 169
Sort(), 170
Swap Items, 175
Using Lists during definition, 173
Load Syntax Files
Syntax Flexibility, 669
Loading the Trace library
locals()
Logical Operators
Operators, 135
Loop Command
Control Structures - First Style, 142
Looping
Control Structures, 149
Low Level Functions
Index 1749

callgc(), 698
Example - The Trace Library, 714
Example - Using the Trace Functions, 710
Introduction, 697
nullpointer(), 700
object2pointer(), 700
pointer2object(), 700
ptrcmp(), 701
ringvm_callfunc(), 710
RingVM_CallList(), 706
RingVM_CFunctionsList(), 702
RingVM_ClassesList(), 702
ringvm_evalinscope(), 709
RingVM_FilesList(), 707
RingVM_FunctionsList(), 702
ringvm_hideerrorMsg(), 709
RingVM_MemoryList(), 704
RingVM_PackagesList(), 703
ringvm_passerror(), 709
ringvm_scopescount(), 709
ringvm_settrace(), 708
ringvm_tracedata(), 708
ringvm_traceevent(), 708
ringvm_tracefunc(), 709
space(), 699
varptr(), 699
Main Function
Functions - First Style, 156
Functions - Second Style, 160
Functions - Third Style, 164
Main Menu
Demo Programs, 219
Make a Cube using RingOpenGL and RingFreeGLUT
Graphics, 525
makedir()
Map
Map Class
Map Events
map()
Math Class
Stdlib Classes, 309
Mathematical Functions
Decimals(), 197
Example, 194
Introduction, 193
list of functions, 194
Random(), 196
Unsigned(), 197
matrixmulti()
matrixtrans()
MD5()
Security and Internet Functions, 244
Menu Events
Graphics, 501
Menubar and StyleSheet Example
Menubar Designer
Form Designer, 646
mergemethods()
Methods to use Events with Events Filter
methods()
Misc Operators
Operators, 136
Module Organization
Extension, 726
More Beatiful Code
Declarative Programming, 328
More Samples and Tests
Form Designer, 648
More Syntax Flexibility
Motivation
Introduction, 12
Mouse Events
RingLibSDL, 425
Graphics, 497
Movable Label Example
Moving Objects using the Mouse
Moving Text
Multi-Line literals
MySQL Class
Stdlib Classes, 320
MySQL Functions
Create Database, 233
Create Table and Insert Data, 234
Introduction, 231
MySQL_AutoCommit(), 239
MySQL_Close(), 233
Index 1750

MySQL_Columns(), 236
MySQL_Commit(), 239
MySQL_Connect(), 233
MySQL_Error(), 233
MySQL_Escape_String(), 238
MySQL_Info(), 232
MySQL_Init(), 233
MySQL_Inser_ID(), 235
MySQL_Next_Result(), 236
MySQL_Query(), 233
MySQL_Result(), 236
MySQL_Result2(), 237
MySQL_Rollback(), 239
Print Query Result, 236
Restore Image From The Database, 238
Save Image Inside the Database, 238
Transaction Example, 239
MySQL_AutoCommit()
MySQL Functions, 239
MySQL_Close()
MySQL_Columns()
MySQL_Columns() Implementation
Extension, 732
MySQL_Commit()
MySQL_Connect()
MySQL_Error()
MySQL_Escape_String()
MySQL_Info()
MySQL_Init()
MySQL_Inser_ID()
MySQL_Next_Result()
MySQL_Query()
MySQL_Result()
MySQL_Result2()
MySQL_Rollback()
Natural Language Programming
BraceError() Method, 337
BraceExprEval Method, 336
BraceStart and BraceEnd Methods, 335
Change the ’=’ operator to ’is’, 333
Change the Ring Keyword ’And’, 331
Change the Ring Operator ’+’, 332
Clean Natural Code, 338
Example, 330
History, 330
Introduction, 329
Real Natual Code, 336
Using Eval() with our Natural Code, 334
Natural Library - Demo Program
Using the Natural Library, 340
Nested Lists
Lists, 172
New Classes names - Index Start from 1
New Functions
New Functions and Changes
New Sample : Sixteen Puzzle
New Style to Ring Notepad
newlist()
No Explicit End For Statements
No Run
Not Case-Sensitive
Notepad Application
nullpointer()
Low Level Functions, 700
Number()
Data Type, 191
Numbers and Bytes
Files, 208
Object and Drawing
Object Library Source Code
Object Oriented Programming
Access Objects Using Braces, 251
Classes and Objects, 249
Composition, 252
Index 1751

Dynamic Attributes, 256
Find() and List of Objects, 257
Inheritance, 255
Introduction, 248
Operator Overloading, 254
Packages, 256
Printing Objects, 257
Private Attributes and Methods, 253
Setter and Getter, 253
Sort() and List of Objects, 258
Using Self.Attribute, 260
object2pointer()
objectid()
Objects inside lists
Objects Library for RingQt
Objects Library for RingQt Application
Example, 636
Introduction, 635
Library Usage, 636
Object Library Source Code, 640
Open_WindowAndLink() Function, 639, 640
Open_WindowInPackages() Function, 640
ODBC Class
Stdlib Classes, 319
ODBC Functions
Execute Query and Print Result, 227
Introduction, 222
odbc_autocommit(), 229
odbc_close(), 224
odbc_colcount(), 226
odbc_columns(), 228
odbc_commit(), 229
odbc_connect(), 225
odbc_datasources(), 224
odbc_disconnect(), 226
odbc_drivers(), 223
odbc_execute(), 226
odbc_fetch(), 227
odbc_getdata(), 227
odbc_init(), 223
odbc_rollback(), 229
odbc_tables(), 227
Open and Close Connection, 226
Print List of ODBC Data Sources, 225
Print List of ODBC Drivers, 224
Save and Restore Images, 230
Transactions and Using Commit and Rollback, 229
odbc_autocommit()
ODBC Functions, 229
odbc_close()
ODBC Functions, 224
odbc_colcount()
ODBC Functions, 226
odbc_columns()
ODBC Functions, 228
odbc_commit()
ODBC Functions, 229
odbc_connect()
ODBC Functions, 225
odbc_datasources()
ODBC Functions, 224
odbc_disconnect()
ODBC Functions, 226
odbc_drivers()
ODBC Functions, 223
odbc_execute()
ODBC Functions, 226
odbc_fetch()
ODBC Functions, 227
odbc_getdata()
ODBC Functions, 227
odbc_init()
ODBC Functions, 223
odbc_rollback()
ODBC Functions, 229
odbc_tables()
ODBC Functions, 227
Open and Close Connection
ODBC Functions, 226
Open_WindowAndLink() Function
Objects Library for RingQt Application, 639, 640
Open_WindowInPackages() Function
Operator Overloading
Operators
Arithmetic Operators, 135
Assignment Operators, 136
Bitwise Operators, 135
Introduction, 134
Logical Operators, 135
Misc Operators, 136
Operators Precedence, 136
Relational Operators, 135
Using the Natural Library, 344
Operators Precedence
Operators, 136
Other Widgets Events
packagename()
Packages
Index 1752

packages()
packagesclasses()
Page Class
palindrome()
Pass Error
Passing Lists to Functions
Lists, 173
Passing Parameters Using List
Lists, 174
Performance
permutation()
Perror()
Files, 204
Philosophy behind data types in Ring
Play Sound
RingLibSDL, 426
Playing Sound
Graphics and Game Programming, 415
pointer2object()
Post Request
RingLibCurl, 401
Prefix for Functions Names
Code Generator, 740
PrevFileName() Function
Print files in Zip file
RingZip, 405
Print List of ODBC Data Sources
ODBC Functions, 225
Print List of ODBC Drivers
ODBC Functions, 224
Print Query Result
print()
Print2Str() Function
Printing Final Intermediate Code
Printing Instruction Operation Code
Printing Intermediate Code
Printing Objects
Printing Rules
Printing Tokens
Printing using QPrinter
Private Attributes and Methods
prodlist()
Program Structure
Introduction, 166
Source Code File Sections, 167
Using Many Source Code Files, 167
Project Folder
Building Games For Android, 478
Project Layers
Protecting the Source Code
Distributing Ring Application, 681
ptrcmp()
Pure Functions
Functional Programming, 262
puts()
QAbstractButton Class
RingQt Classes Reference, 1591
QAbstractItemView Class
QAbstractScrollArea Class
QAbstractSlider Class
QAbstractSocket Class
QAbstractSpinBox Class
QAction Class
QAllEvents Class
QApp Class
QAxBase Class
QAxObject Class
QBitmap Class
QBluetoothAddress Class
Index 1753

QBluetoothDeviceDiscoveryAgent Class
QBluetoothDeviceInfo Class
QBluetoothHostInfo Class
QBluetoothLocalDevice Class
QBluetoothServer Class
QBluetoothServiceDiscoveryAgent Class
QBluetoothServiceInfo Class
QBluetoothSocket Class
QBluetoothTransferManager Class
QBluetoothTransferReply Class
QBluetoothTransferRequest Class
QBluetoothUuid Class
QBoxLayout Class
QBrush Class
QBuffer Class
QButtonGroup Class
QByteArray Class
QCamera Class
QCameraImageCapture Class
QCameraViewﬁnder Class
QCheckBox Class
QColor Class
QColorDialog Class
QComboBox Class
QCompleter Class
QCompleter2 Class
QCompleter3 Class
QCursor Class
QDate Class
QDateEdit Class
QDateTimeEdit Class
QDesktopServices Class
QDesktopWidget Class
QDial Class
QDialog Class
QDir Class
QDirModel Class
QDockWidget Class
QEvent Class
QFileDialog Class
QFileInfo Class
QFileSystemModel Class
QFont Class
QFontDialog Class
QFontMetrics Class
QFrame Class
QFrame2 Class
QFrame3 Class
QGradient Class
QGraphicsVideoItem Class
QGridLayout Class
QHBoxLayout Class
QHeaderView Class
QHostAddress Class
Index 1754

QHostInfo Class
QIcon Class
QImage Class
QInputDialog Class
QIODevice Class
QJsonArray Class
QJsonDocument Class
QJsonObject Class
QJsonParseError Class
QJsonValue Class
QKeySequence Class
QLabel Class
QLayout Class
QLCDNumber Class
QLinearGradient Class
QLineEdit Class
QLineEdit Events and QMessageBox
QListView Class
QListWidget Class
QListWidgetItem Class
QMainWindow Class
QMdiArea Class
QMdiSubWindow Class
QMediaObject Class
QMediaPlayer Class
QMediaPlaylist Class
QMenu Class
QMenuBar Class
QMessageBox Class
QMessagebox Example
QMutex Class
QMutexLocker Class
QNetworkAccessManager Class
QNetworkProxy Class
QNetworkReply Class
QNetworkRequest Class
QObject Class
QPainter Class
QPainter2 Class
QPainterPath Class
QPen Class
QPicture Class
QPixmap Class
QPixmap2 Class
QPlainTextEdit Class
QPoint Class
QPointF Class
QPrinter Class
QProcess Class
QProgressBar Class
QPushButton Class
QRadioButton Class
QRect Class
QRegularExpression Class
Index 1755

QRegularExpressionMatch Class
QRegularExpressionMatchIterator Class
QScrollArea Class
QSerialPort Class
QSerialPortInfo Class
QSize Class
QSlider Class
QSpinBox Class
QSplashScreen Class
QSplitter Class
QSqlDatabase Class
QSqlDriver Class
QSqlDriverCreatorBase Class
QSqlError Class
QSqlField Class
QSqlIndex Class
QSqlQuery Class
QSqlRecord Class
QStatusBar Class
QString2 Class
QStringList Class
QStringRef Class
QSystemTrayIcon Class
Qt Class Convertor
Qt conﬁguration ﬁle
Code Generator, 747
QTableView Class
QTableWidget Class
QTableWidgetItem Class
QTabWidget Class
QTcpServer Class
QTcpSocket Class
QTest Class
QTextBlock Class
QTextCharFormat Class
QTextCodec Class
QTextCursor Class
QTextDocument Class
QTextEdit Class
QThread Class
QThreadPool Class
QTime Class
QTimer Class
QToolBar Class
QToolButton Class
QTreeView Class
QTreeWidget Class
QTreeWidgetItem Class
Queue Class
Stdlib Classes, 306
Quotes about Ring
Applications developed in little hours, 1
QUrl Class
QUuid Class
QVariant Class
QVBoxLayout Class
QVideoWidget and QMediaPlayer
Index 1756

QVideoWidget Class
QVideoWidgetControl Class
QWebView Class
QWidget Class
QXmlStreamAttribute Class
QXmlStreamAttributes Class
QXmlStreamEntityDeclaration Class
QXmlStreamEntityResolver Class
QXmlStreamNamespaceDeclaration Class
QXmlStreamNotationDeclaration Class
QXmlStreamReader Class
QXmlStreamWriter Class
Raise()
Eval() and Debugging, 217
RandBytes()
Random Image
Random()
Read File using Read()
Files, 200
readline()
Real Natual Code
Recursion
Reference
Compiler Errors, 1725
Introduction, 1722
Language Functions, 1724
Language Grammar, 1727
Language Keywords, 1723
Runtime Errors, 1726
Virtual Machine Instructions, 1729
Reﬂection and Meta-programming
addattribute(), 278
addmethod(), 278
attributes(), 275
cfunctions(), 268
classes(), 272
classname(), 274
functions(), 268
getattribute(), 280
globals(), 267
Introduction, 266
isattribute(), 276
iscfunction(), 270
isclass(), 272
isfunction(), 270
isglobal(), 269
islocal(), 269
ismethod(), 277
isobject(), 275
ispackage(), 271
ispackagesclass(), 274
isprivateattribute(), 276
isprivatemethod(), 277
locals(), 267
mergemethods(), 282
methods(), 275
objectid(), 274
packagename(), 283
packages(), 271
packagesclasses(), 273
setattribute(), 281
Register New Functions
Code Generator, 741
Regular Expressions
Relational Operators
Operators, 135
Remove()
Files, 201
Rename()
Files, 201
Resources
Contact the Autor, 1736
Introduction, 1735
Ring Group, 1736
Ring Language Website, 1736
Restore Image From The Database
Return object by reference
Return Self by Reference
Return Value
Extension, 728
Index 1757

Reverse()
Lists, 171
Rewind()
Files, 203
Right()
Strings, 177
RING API - list Functions
Extension, 730
RING API - String Functions
Extension, 732
Ring CGI Hello World Program
Ring Group
Resources, 1736
Ring Language Website
Resources, 1736
Ring mode for Emacs Editor
Ring Notepad
Introduction, 115
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first con-
sole application, 116
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first game,
121
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first GUI
application, 119
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first Web
application, 120
Ring Notepad - Main Window, 116
The Browser Menu, 125
The Edit Menu, 123
The File Menu, 123
The Help Menu, 126
The Main File in the Project, 122
The Program Menu, 125
The Tools Menu, 126
The View Menu, 124
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first console
application
Ring Notepad, 116
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first game
Ring Notepad, 121
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first GUI ap-
plication
Ring Notepad, 119
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first Web ap-
plication
Ring Notepad, 120
Ring Notepad - Main Window
Ring Notepad, 116
Ring State
Embedding Ring Language in C/C++ Programs, 735
Ring State Functions
Ring State Variables
Ring VM - Tracing Functions
ring_ext.c
Extension, 725
ring_ext.h
Extension, 725
RingAllegro Functions Reference
Introduction, 767
RingCodeHighlighter Class
RingFreeGLUT Extension
RingFreeGLUT Functions Reference
Introduction, 802
RingLibCurl
Facebook Login, 401
Get Request, 401
Get Stock Data From Yahoo, 403
Introduction, 400
Post Request, 401
Save output to string, 402
RingLibCurl Functions Reference
Introduction, 757
RingLibSDL
Close Window Event, 424
Create Window, 421
Display Image, 421
Display PNG Images, 422
Display Transparent Images, 423
Draw Rectangle, 422
Introduction, 420
Mouse Events, 425
Play Sound, 426
Switch Between Two Images, 421
Use TTF Fonts, 423
RingLibSDL Functions Reference
Introduction, 786
RingLibZip Functions Reference
Introduction, 766
RingOpenGL (OpenGL 1.1) Functions Reference
Introduction, 811
Introduction, 836
Introduction, 862
Introduction, 891
Introduction, 921
Index 1758

Introduction, 952
Introduction, 986
Introduction, 1028
Introduction, 1073
Introduction, 1119
Introduction, 1166
Introduction, 1213
Introduction, 1260
Introduction, 1307
Introduction, 1354
Introduction, 1401
Introduction, 1448
Introduction, 1495
RingOpenGL Extension
RingQt Classes and their Qt Documentation
RingQt Classes Reference
CodeEditor Class, 1659
Introduction, 1543
QAbstractButton Class, 1591
QAbstractItemView Class, 1577
QAbstractScrollArea Class, 1577
QAbstractSlider Class, 1584
QAbstractSocket Class, 1613
QAbstractSpinBox Class, 1587
QAction Class, 1595
QAllEvents Class, 1626
QApp Class, 1544
QAxBase Class, 1678
QAxObject Class, 1677
QBitmap Class, 1552
QBluetoothAddress Class, 1683
QBluetoothDeviceDiscoveryAgent Class, 1683
QBluetoothDeviceInfo Class, 1684
QBluetoothHostInfo Class, 1684
QBluetoothLocalDevice Class, 1685
QBluetoothServer Class, 1686
QBluetoothServiceDiscoveryAgent Class, 1686
QBluetoothServiceInfo Class, 1687
QBluetoothSocket Class, 1688
QBluetoothTransferManager Class, 1689
QBluetoothTransferReply Class, 1689
QBluetoothTransferRequest Class, 1689
QBluetoothUuid Class, 1690
QBoxLayout Class, 1668
QBrush Class, 1609
QBuffer Class, 1683
QButtonGroup Class, 1593
QByteArray Class, 1610
QCamera Class, 1662
QCameraImageCapture Class, 1663
QCameraViewﬁnder Class, 1662
QCheckBox Class, 1591
QColor Class, 1604
QColorDialog Class, 1622
QComboBox Class, 1567
QCompleter Class, 1672
QCompleter2 Class, 1673
QCompleter3 Class, 1673
QCursor Class, 1676
QDate Class, 1635
QDateEdit Class, 1586
QDateTimeEdit Class, 1586
QDesktopServices Class, 1544
QDesktopWidget Class, 1628
QDial Class, 1588
QDialog Class, 1620
QDir Class, 1562
QDirModel Class, 1618
QDockWidget Class, 1573
QEvent Class, 1597
QFileDialog Class, 1599
QFileInfo Class, 1617
QFileSystemModel Class, 1562
QFont Class, 1607
QFontDialog Class, 1619
QFontMetrics Class, 1666
QFrame Class, 1576
QFrame2 Class, 1576
QFrame3 Class, 1577
QGradient Class, 1669
QGraphicsVideoItem Class, 1662
QGridLayout Class, 1659
QHBoxLayout Class, 1555
QHeaderView Class, 1664
QHostAddress Class, 1616
QHostInfo Class, 1617
QIcon Class, 1553
QImage Class, 1645
QInputDialog Class, 1624
QIODevice Class, 1612
QJsonArray Class, 1654
QJsonDocument Class, 1655
QJsonObject Class, 1655
Index 1759

QJsonParseError Class, 1656
QJsonValue Class, 1656
QKeySequence Class, 1624
QLabel Class, 1551
QLayout Class, 1668
QLCDNumber Class, 1624
QLinearGradient Class, 1669
QLineEdit Class, 1553
QListView Class, 1677
QListWidget Class, 1558
QListWidgetItem Class, 1633
QMainWindow Class, 1571
QMdiArea Class, 1675
QMdiSubWindow Class, 1676
QMediaObject Class, 1664
QMediaPlayer Class, 1593
QMediaPlaylist Class, 1594
QMenu Class, 1569
QMenuBar Class, 1569
QMessageBox Class, 1597
QMutex Class, 1682
QMutexLocker Class, 1683
QNetworkAccessManager Class, 1642
QNetworkProxy Class, 1614
QNetworkReply Class, 1643
QNetworkRequest Class, 1642
QObject Class, 1544
QPainter Class, 1600
QPainter2 Class, 1602
QPainterPath Class, 1644
QPen Class, 1603
QPicture Class, 1603
QPixmap Class, 1552
QPixmap2 Class, 1553
QPlainTextEdit Class, 1656
QPoint Class, 1670
QPointF Class, 1670
QPrinter Class, 1606
QProcess Class, 1673
QProgressBar Class, 1583
QPushButton Class, 1552
QRadioButton Class, 1592
QRect Class, 1628
QRegularExpression Class, 1652
QRegularExpressionMatch Class, 1653
QRegularExpressionMatchIterator Class, 1653
QScrollArea Class, 1671
QSerialPort Class, 1679
QSerialPortInfo Class, 1680
QSize Class, 1553
QSlider Class, 1585
QSpinBox Class, 1583
QSplashScreen Class, 1667
QSplitter Class, 1671
QSqlDatabase Class, 1636
QSqlDriver Class, 1637
QSqlDriverCreatorBase Class, 1640
QSqlError Class, 1638
QSqlField Class, 1640
QSqlIndex Class, 1639
QSqlQuery Class, 1637
QSqlRecord Class, 1639
QStatusBar Class, 1572
QString2 Class, 1673
QStringList Class, 1622
QStringRef Class, 1681
QSystemTrayIcon Class, 1634
QTableView Class, 1579
QTableWidget Class, 1580
QTableWidgetItem Class, 1575
QTabWidget Class, 1573
QTcpServer Class, 1615
QTcpSocket Class, 1615
QTest Class, 1544
QTextBlock Class, 1632
QTextCharFormat Class, 1660
QTextCodec Class, 1636
QTextCursor Class, 1620
QTextDocument Class, 1630
QTextEdit Class, 1556
QThread Class, 1651
QThreadPool Class, 1652
QTime Class, 1633
QTimer Class, 1598
QToolBar Class, 1570
QToolButton Class, 1678
QTreeView Class, 1560
QTreeWidget Class, 1563
QTreeWidgetItem Class, 1565
QUrl Class, 1590
QUuid Class, 1678
QVariant Class, 1640
QVBoxLayout Class, 1555
QVideoWidget Class, 1594
QVideoWidgetControl Class, 1662
QWebView Class, 1589
QWidget Class, 1545
QXmlStreamAttribute Class, 1651
QXmlStreamAttributes Class, 1650
QXmlStreamEntityDeclaration Class, 1650
QXmlStreamEntityResolver Class, 1650
QXmlStreamNamespaceDeclaration Class, 1650
QXmlStreamNotationDeclaration Class, 1649
QXmlStreamReader Class, 1647
QXmlStreamWriter Class, 1648
RingCodeHighlighter Class, 1646
RingREPL
Index 1760

RingSQLite
ringvm_callfunc()
RingVM_CallList()
RingVM_CFunctionsList()
RingVM_ClassesList()
ringvm_evalinscope()
RingVM_FilesList()
RingVM_FunctionsList()
ringvm_hideerrorMsg()
RingVM_MemoryList()
RingVM_PackagesList()
ringvm_passerror()
ringvm_scopescount()
ringvm_settrace()
ringvm_tracedata()
ringvm_traceevent()
ringvm_tracefunc()
RingZip
Create Zip File, 405
Extract Zip File, 405
Introduction, 404
Print files in Zip file, 405
Using RingZip Classes, 405
Zip Class Reference, 407
ZipEntry Class Reference, 407
RingZip Library
Rotate Text
Rules
The Type Hints Library, 679
Run the program
Running Forms
Form Designer, 643
Runtime Errors
Reference, 1726
Samples
Samples in this book
Samples Source (Authors)
Graphics, 481
Save and Restore Images
ODBC Functions, 230
Save Image Inside the Database
Save output to string
RingLibCurl, 402
Scaling and Rotating Images
Scope Rules
Accessing the class attributes from braces inside
class methods, 655
Conflict between Class Attributes and Local Vari-
ables, 652
Conflict between Global Variables and Class At-
tributes, 651
Conflict between self inside braces and self in the
class region, 658
Creating a Class for each Window in GUI applica-
tions, 657
Defining Variables and Variables Access, 649
How Ring find the Variable?, 650
Introduction, 648
Summary of Scope Rules, 662
The Self Object, 650
Three Scopes, 649
Using Braces to access objects inside Class Methods,
653
Using braces to escape from the current object scope,
661
Using Object.Attribute, 650
Scope Rules for Functions and Methods
Calling a function sharing the name with a method in
the current class, 666
Example about Sharing Names between Functions
and Methods, 664
How Ring find a functions and methods?, 664
Introduction, 663
ScriptFunctions Class
Search
Lists, 170
Search of global names while defining the class attributes
Security and Internet Functions
Index 1761

Decrypt(), 247
Download(), 248
Encrypt(), 246
Example, 247
File Hash, 247
Introduction, 243
MD5(), 244
RandBytes(), 247
SendEmail(), 248
SHA1(), 245
SHA224(), 246
SHA256(), 245
SHA384(), 246
SHA512(), 245
Security Class
Stdlib Classes, 322
Send Parameters
SendEmail()
Serial Execution of Programs
Embedding Ring in Ring, 723
Set List Item
Lists, 169
setattribute()
Setter and Getter
SHA1()
SHA224()
SHA256()
SHA384()
SHA512()
Shared Libraries
Extension, 733
Short-circuit evaluation
Shutdown() Function
sign()
Simple
Language Design, 17
Simple Client and Server Example
Sin() Implementation
Extension, 729
Single: Desktop and Mobile Development
Introduction, 528
sleep()
Smart Garbage Collector
Language Design, 25
Sort()
Lists, 170
Sort() and List of Objects
Sound Class
Source Code File Sections
Program Structure, 167
space()
Special thanks to contributors
split()
splitmany()
Sprite Automatic Movement
Sprite Class
Sprite Keypress Event
Sprite Mouse Event
Sprite State Event
SQLite
Introduction, 240
sqlite_close(), 241
sqlite_execute(), 241
sqlite_init(), 241
sqlite_open(), 241
SQLite Class
Stdlib Classes, 321
sqlite_close()
SQLite, 241
sqlite_execute()
SQLite, 241
sqlite_init()
SQLite, 241
sqlite_open()
SQLite, 241
Squares Puzzle Game
Stack Class
Stdlib Classes, 306
Stars Fighter Game
Index 1762

startswith()
StdBase Class
Stdlib Classes, 301
Stdlib Classes
Conversion Class, 318
DataType Class, 317
DateTime Class, 312
Debug Class, 316
File Class, 314
HashTable Class, 307
Internet Class, 323
Introduction, 300
List Class, 304
Math Class, 309
MySQL Class, 320
ODBC Class, 319
Queue Class, 306
Security Class, 322
SQLite Class, 321
Stack Class, 306
StdBase Class, 301
String Class, 302
System Class, 315
Tree Class, 308
Stdlib Functions
apppath(), 285
binarydigits(), 294
capitalized(), 288
changestring(), 297
dayofweek(), 295
direxists(), 297
endswith(), 291
EpochTime(), 299
evenorodd(), 293
factorial(), 289
factors(), 293
fibonacci(), 290
file2list(), 291
filter(), 287
FSize(), 298
gcd(), 292
getnumber(), 285
getstring(), 285
Introduction, 283
isleapyear(), 294
ismainsourcefile(), 297
isprime(), 290
isspecial(), 288
isvowel(), 289
JustFileName(), 286
JustFilePath(), 285
lcm(), 292
linecount(), 289
list2file(), 290
ListAllFiles() Function, 299
makedir(), 298
map(), 287
matrixmulti(), 294
matrixtrans(), 295
newlist(), 288
palindrome(), 294
permutation(), 295
print(), 284
Print2Str() Function, 284
prodlist(), 293
puts(), 284
readline(), 296
sign(), 290
sleep(), 297
split(), 287
splitmany(), 287
startswith(), 291
substring(), 296
sumlist(), 292
SystemCmd() Function, 299
times(), 286
TrimAll(), 298
TrimLeft(), 298
TrimRight(), 299
value(), 286
StdLib functions and classes written in Ring
Step Option
Str2Hex()
Data Type, 193
str2list() and list2str()
Strings, 180
strcmp()
Strings, 180
String Class
Stdlib Classes, 302
String Literals
Strings, 176
String()
Data Type, 191
Strings
Access String Letters, 176
Convert Letters Case, 176
Copy(), 178
Find SubString, 179
Get Number of Characters from position, 179
Get String Length, 176
Get Substring from position to end, 179
Introduction, 175
Left(), 177
Lines(), 178
Index 1763

Right(), 177
str2list() and list2str(), 180
strcmp(), 180
String Literals, 176
Substr(), 178
Transform Substring To Another Substring, 179
Trim(), 178
StyleFunctions Class
Substr()
Strings, 178
substring()
sumlist()
Summary of Scope Rules
Scope Rules, 662
Super Man 2016 Game
Swap Items
Lists, 175
Switch Between Two Images
RingLibSDL, 421
Switch Statement
Syntax Flexibility
Change Language Keywords, 668
Change Language Operators, 669
Introduction, 667
Load Syntax Files, 669
Using ’case’ as ’on’ in switch statements, 675
Using ’def’ as ’func’ in functions/methods deﬁni-
tion, 675
Using ’end’ keyword after Pack-
ages/Classes/Functions, 676
Using ’endpackage’/’endclass’/’endfunc’ keywords
after Packages/Classes/Functions, 676
Using ’put’ and ’get’ as ’see’ and ’give’, 675
Using () around the function parameters, 669
in the start of the variable name, 672
Using braces { } in Packages/Classes/Functions, 676
Using braces to start and end different control struc-
tures, 674
Using Semi-colon after and between statements, 671
Using the ’else’ keyword as ’other’ in switch state-
ment, 672
Using the ’elseif’ keyword as ’but’ in if statement,
672
Using the ’end’ keyword in different control struc-
tures, 673
SysGet() Function
System Class
Stdlib Classes, 315
System Functions
ChDir() Function, 214
CurrentDir() Function, 214
Example, 211
ExeFileName() Function, 214
ExeFolder() Function, 214
Get Active Source File Name, 213
Get Command Line Arguments, 212
Introduction, 208
IsAndroid() Function, 211
IsFreeBSD() Function, 211
IsLinux() Function, 211
IsMacOSX() Function, 210
IsMSDOS() Function, 210
IsUnix() Function, 210
IsWindows() Function, 210
IsWindows64() Function, 210
PrevFileName() Function, 213
Shutdown() Function, 215
SysGet() Function, 210
System() Function, 209
Version() Function, 214
Windowsnl() Function, 212
System() Function
SystemCmd() Function
Tempﬁle()
Files, 203
Templates
Tempname()
Files, 203
Testing
Text Class
The Browser Menu
Ring Notepad, 125
The Camera
Graphics, 491
The Cards Game
Demo Programs, 618
The Designer Windows
Form Designer, 642
The Difference between Qt and RingQt
Index 1764

The documentation says functional programming is sup-
ported, but then this happens?
The Edit Menu
Ring Notepad, 123
The File Menu
Ring Notepad, 123
The First GUI Application
The First Triangle
Graphics, 484
The First Window using RingFreeGLUT
Graphics, 482
The Help Menu
Ring Notepad, 126
The Main File in the Project
Ring Notepad, 122
The Natural Library
The Program Menu
Ring Notepad, 125
The Properties
Form Designer, 642
The Self Object
Scope Rules, 650
The Tools Menu
Ring Notepad, 126
The Trace Library and the Interactive Debugger
BreakPoint, 720
Disable BreakPoints, 720
Execute Program Line by Line, 719
Interactive Debugger, 719
Introduction, 717
Loading the Trace library, 718
Pass Error, 719
Trace All Events, 718
Trace control ﬂow between functions, 718
Using the Interactive Debugger, 720
The Type Hints Library
Example, 678
Introduction to the Type Hints Library, 677
Rules, 679
User Types, 678
Using Types inside Code, 679
Why Type Hints?, 678
The View Menu
Ring Notepad, 124
Threads
Threads Support
Code Generator, 745
Three Scopes
Scope Rules, 649
TicTacToe Game
Time()
Date and Time, 182
TimeList()
Date and Time, 183
times()
Trace All Events
Trace control ﬂow between functions
Trace Library and Interactive Debugger
Transaction Example
Transactions and Using Commit and Rollback
ODBC Functions, 229
Transform Substring To Another Substring
Strings, 179
Transparent Image
Transparent Implementation
Language Design, 23
Tree Class
Stdlib Classes, 308
Triangle Rotation
Graphics, 487
Trim()
Strings, 178
TrimAll()
TrimLeft()
TrimRight()
TrueType Fonts
Try/Carch/Done
Eval() and Debugging, 216
Trying to be natural
Language Design, 18
Type Hints Library
Type()
Data Type, 187
Ungetc()
Files, 205
Unsigned()
Update the Android SDK
Index 1765

Building RingQt Applications for Mobile, 633
Upload Files
URL Encode
Use TTF Fonts
RingLibSDL, 423
User Types
Users registration and Login
Using ’<’ and ’:’ operators as ’from’ keyword
Using ’case’ as ’on’ in switch statements
Using ’def’ as ’func’ in functions/methods definition
Using ’end’ keyword after Packages/Classes/Functions
Using ’endpackage’/’endclass’/’endfunc’ keywords after
Packages/Classes/Functions
Using ’put’ and ’get’ as ’see’ and ’give’
Using () around the function parameters
in the start of the variable name
Using Atom
Using Other Code Editors, 129
Using Bootstrap Library using Functions
Using Bootstrap Library using Objects
Using braces { } in Packages/Classes/Functions
Using Braces to access objects inside Class Methods
Scope Rules, 653
Using braces to escape from the current object scope
Scope Rules, 661
Using braces to start and end different control structures
Using C/C++ Compiler and Linker
Distributing Ring Application, 682
Using configuration file that wrap C++ library
Code Generator, 747
Using Emacs Editor
Using Eval() with our Natural Code
Using Fonts
Graphics, 508
Using Geany
Using Layout
Using Layouts
Form Designer, 648
Using Lists during definition
Lists, 173
Using Many Source Code Files
Program Structure, 167
Using Notepad++
Using NULL instead of NULLPointer()
Using Object.Attribute
Scope Rules, 650
Using Other Code Editors
Introduction, 126
Using Atom, 129
Using Emacs Editor, 131
Using Geany, 128
Using Notepad++, 127
Using Sublime Text 2, 130
Using Visual Studio IDE, 131
Using QCheckBox
Using QComboBox Class
Using QDateEdit
Using QDesktopWidget Class
Using QDial
Using QDockWidget
Using QFrame
Using QInputDialog Class
Using qLCDNumber
Using QProgressBar
Using QProgressBar and Timer
Using QRadioButton and QButtonGroup
Using QSlider
Using QSpinBox
Using QTableWidget
Using QTabWidget
Index 1766

Using QTreeView and QFileSystemModel
Using QTreeWidget and QTreeWidgetItem
Using QWebView
Using RingOpenGL and RingFreeGLUT for 3D Graphics
Drawing using RingOpenGL, 483
Frames Per Second, 516
Introduction, 480
Keyboard Events and Colors, 488
Make a Cube using RingOpenGL and RingFreeG-
LUT, 525
Menu Events, 501
Mouse Events, 497
Samples Source (Authors), 481
The Camera, 491
The First Triangle, 484
The First Window using RingFreeGLUT, 482
Triangle Rotation, 487
Using Fonts, 508
What is RingFreeGLUT?, 482
What is RingOpenGL?, 481
Window Resize Event, 485
Using RingZip Classes
RingZip, 405
Using Self.Attribute
Using Self.Attribute in the Class Region to define new at-
tributes
Using Semi-colon after and between statements
Using Sublime Text 2
Using the ’else’ keyword as ’other’ in switch statement
Using the ’elseif’ keyword as ’but’ in if statement
Using the ’end’ keyword in different control structures
Using the Interactive Debugger
Using the Natural Library
Defining Commands, 342
Defining commands using classes, 345
Introduction, 339
Natural Library - Demo Program, 340
Operators, 344
Using the QColorDialog Class
Using the QFileDialog Class
Using the QListWidget Class
Using the QTextEdit Class
Using the QTimer Class
Using the tool
Code Generator, 738
Using This.Attribute in nested Braces inside the Class
Methods
Using Types inside Code
Using Visual Studio IDE
value()
Variables
Deep Copy, 133
Dynamic Typing, 133
Introduction, 132
Weakly Typed, 134
Variables Scope
varptr()
Version() Function
Video-Music-Player Application
Virtual Machine Instructions
Reference, 1729
Visual Implementation
Language Design, 24
Weakly Typed
Variables, 134
Web Development (CGI Library)
Application Class, 395
Configure the Apache web server, 347
Cookies, 359
CRUD Example using MVC, 381
Database, ModelBase & ControllerBase classes, 389
Generating Pages using Objects, 371
Gradient, 370
Hash Functions, 365
Hello World Program using the Web Library, 348
HTML Lists, 368
HTML Special Characters, 364
HTML Tables, 369
HtmlPage Class, 376, 400
Index 1767

HTTP Get Example, 349
HTTP POST Example, 354
Introduction, 346
Page Class, 396
Random Image, 367
Ring CGI Hello World Program, 348
ScriptFunctions Class, 398
StyleFunctions Class, 398
Templates, 362
Upload Files, 356
URL Encode, 361
Users registration and Login, 383
Using Bootstrap Library using Functions, 377
Using Bootstrap Library using Objects, 378
Web Library Features, 349
WebLib API, 394
WebPage Class, 399
Web Library Features
WebLib API
WebPage Class
Weight History Application
Werdy Application
What about predeﬁned parameters or optional parameters
in functions?
What about the Boolean values in Ring?
What are the advantages to using Ring over C# or Java?
What are the advantages to using Ring over Lisp or
Smalltalk?
What are the advantages to using Ring over native C or
C++?
What are the advantages to using Ring over Python and
Ruby?
What are the advantages to using Ring over Tcl and Lua?
What happens when we create a new object?
What is new in Ring 1.1?
Better Code Generator for Extensions, 100
Better Documentation, 100
Better Natural Language Programming Support, 92
Generate/Execute Ring Object Files (*.ringo), 93
Introduction, 91
List of changes and new features, 92
New Functions and Changes, 95
RingLibSDL, 98
RingSQLite, 99
StdLib functions and classes written in Ring, 96
Using Self.Attribute in the Class Region to deﬁne
new attributes, 100
Using This.Attribute in nested Braces inside the
Class Methods, 100
Better Call Command, 90
Better Functions, 87
Better Quality, 90
Better Ring Notepad, 87
Better RingQt, 87
Display Warnings Option, 90
Introduction, 85
New Functions, 86
Objects Library for RingQt, 88
RingLibCurl, 89
Using NULL instead of NULLPointer(), 90
Better Loop|Exit Command, 81
Better RingQt, 73
Better StdLib, 81
Embedding Ring in Ring without sharing the State,
83
Form Designer, 84
Introduction, 72
New Functions, 82
Return Self by Reference, 82
Ring mode for Emacs Editor, 80
RingZip Library, 83
Using ’<’ and ’:’ operators as ’from’ keyword, 82
What is new in Ring 1.4.1?
Better RingQt, 62
Better Scripts for Building from Source Code, 60
Better StdLib, 61
Introduction, 59
New Sample : Sixteen Puzzle, 62
New Style to Ring Notepad, 61
Better RingQt, 71
Better StdLib, 69
Better WebLib, 69
Change: Basic Extensions are separated from
RingVM, 64
Convert between Numbers and Bytes, 68
Introduction, 63
Index 1768

New Style to Ring Notepad, 67
Qt Class Convertor, 71
RingREPL, 67
The Natural Library, 65
Better Code Generator for Extensions, 50
Better Documentation Generator for Extensions, 51
Better Objects Library, 37
Better Quality, 59
Better RingQt, 35
Better StdLib, 31
Better WebLib, 32
Calculator Application, 27
Introduction, 25
More Syntax Flexibility, 57
Ring VM - Tracing Functions, 51
RingFreeGLUT Extension, 37
RingOpenGL Extension, 46
Trace Library and Interactive Debugger, 55
Type Hints Library, 58
Video-Music-Player Application, 26
Windows StartUp Manager Application, 27
What is RingFreeGLUT?
Graphics, 482
What is RingOpenGL?
Graphics, 481
What is the difference between Ring and Python? And is
Ring Open Source?
Where can I write a program and execute it?
While Loop
Why do we need Yet Another Programming Language
(YAPL)?
Why I get a strange result when printing nl with lists?
Why I get Calling Function without definition Error?
Why Ring is largely focussed on UI creation?
Why Ring is not case-sensitive
Why Ring is weakly typed?
Why Ring uses ’See’, ’Give’, ’But’ and ’Ok’ Keywords?
Why Ring?
Language Design, 17
Why setClickEvent() doesn’t see the object methods di-
rectly?
Why the ability to define your own languages Instead of
just handing over the syntax so you can parse it
using whatever code you like?
Why the Assignment operator uses Deep copy?
Why the window title bar is going outside the screen?
Why this example use the GetChar() twice?
Why Type Hints?
Why we don’t use () after the qApp class name?
Why you can specify the number of loops you want to
break out of?
Window Flags
Form Designer, 647
Window Resize Event
Graphics, 485
Windows StartUp Manager Application
Windowsnl() Function
Wrap structures
Code Generator, 740
Wrapping C++ Classes
Code Generator, 746
Write file using Write()
Files, 200
Writing Comments
Zip Class Reference
RingZip, 407
ZipEntry Class Reference
RingZip, 407
Index 1769

The Ring programming language version 1.5 book - Part 31 of 31

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The Ring programming language version 1.5 book - Part 31 of 31