The Ring programming language version 1.4 book - Part 30 of 30

INDEX
Access List Items by String Index
Lists, 122
Access Objects Using Braces
Object Oriented Programming, 197
Access String Letters
Strings, 124
Accessing the class attributes from braces inside class
methods
Scope Rules, 545
Add Items
Lists, 116
addattribute()
Reﬂection and Meta-programming, 224
AddDays()
Date and Time, 132
Adding code to the generated code
Code Generator, 611
Adding Hyperlink to QLabel
Desktop and Mobile Development, 452
addmethod()
Analog Clock
Applications developed in little hours, 4
Animate Class
Game Engine for 2D Games, 373
Animate Events
Animation
Animation and Functions
Anonymous and Nested Functions
Functional Programming, 210
Application Class
Web Development (CGI Library), 338
Applications
How to contribute?, 69
Applications developed in little hours
Analog Clock, 4
FetchStockData Application, 2
Fifteen Puzzle Game, 3
Fifteen Puzzle Game 2, 6
Introduction, 1
Quotes about Ring, 1
Samples in this book, 7
Squares Puzzle Game, 4
TicTacToe Game, 3
Werdy Application, 5
apppath()
Stdlib Functions, 231
Arithmetic Operators
Operators, 91
Ascii()
Data Type, 139
Assert()
Eval() and Debugging, 164
Assignment Operators
Operators, 92
attributes()
Better Call Command
What is new in Ring 1.2?, 51
Better Code Generator for Extensions
Better Documentation
Better Functions
Better Loop|Exit Command
Better Natural Language Programming Support
Better Quality
Better Ring Notepad
Better RingQt
Better StdLib
848

Ring Documentation, Release 1.4
Better WebLib
binarydigits()
Bitwise Operators
Operators, 91
BraceError() Method
Natural Language Programming, 281
BraceExprEval Method
BraceStart and BraceEnd Methods
Branching
Control Structures, 94
Control Structures - Second Style, 101
Control Structures - Third Style, 104
Building From Source Code
Building using CMake, 67
Building using MacOS X, 65
Building using Microsoft Windows, 63
Building using Ubuntu Linux, 64
Introduction, 62
Building Games For Android
Building the project, 420
Download Requirements and Update the Android
SDK, 419
Introduction, 418
Project Folder, 419
Building RingQt Applications for Mobile
Comments about developing for Android using
RingQt, 524
Download Requirements, 523
Install Qt for Android, 523
Introduction, 522
Update the Android SDK, 523
Building the project
Building Games For Android, 420
Building using CMake
Building From Source Code, 67
Building using MacOS X
Building using Microsoft Windows
Building using Ubuntu Linux
Call Functions
Functions, 111
callgc()
Low Level Functions, 584
Calling a function sharing the name with a method in the
current class
Scope Rules for Functions and Methods, 556
Can I connect to dbase/harbour database?
Frequently Asked Questions, 827
Can Ring work on Windows XP?
capitalized()
cfunctions()
CGI Support
Command Line Options, 582
Change Focus
Change Language Keywords
Syntax Flexibility, 558
Change Language Operators
Change the ’=’ operator to ’is’
Change the Ring Keyword ’And’
Change the Ring Operator ’+’
Change: Basic Extensions are separated from RingVM
changestring()
Char()
Data Type, 139
ChDir() Function
System Functions, 161
Check Character
Data Type, 134
Check Data Type
Data Type, 133
Check Parameters Count
Extension, 598
Check Parameters Type
Extension, 599
Classes and Objects
Classes and their Methods to use the default events
classes()
classname()
Clean Natural Code
Clearerr()
Files, 151
clock()
Date and Time, 130
Close Window Event
RingLibSDL, 365
ClosPerSecond()
Index 849

Date and Time, 130
Code Generator
Adding code to the generated code, 611
Comments in configuration file, 613
Configuration file, 609
Configuration file for the Allegro library, 614
Configuration Files Examples, 627
Defining Constants, 612
Determine Structure Members Types, 612
Enum and Numbers, 613
Executing code during code generation, 613
Filtering using Expressions, 613
function prototype, 609
Introduction, 608
Prefix for Functions Names, 611
Qt configuration file, 617
Register New Functions, 612
Threads Support, 615
Using configuration file that wrap C++ library, 617
Using the tool, 609
Wrap structures, 611
Wrapping C++ Classes, 616
CodeEditor Class
RingQt Classes Reference, 781
Command Line Options
CGI Support, 582
Generate Object File, 583
Introduction, 568
No Run, 582
Performance, 582
Printing Final Intermediate Code, 577
Printing Instruction Operation Code, 582
Printing Intermediate Code, 575
Printing Rules, 571
Printing Tokens, 569
Comments about developing for Android using RingQt
Building RingQt Applications for Mobile, 524
Comments about evaluation
Control Structures - First Style, 99
Comments in configuration file
Code Generator, 613
Compact Syntax
Language Design, 20
Compiler and Virtual Machine (VM)
Compiler Errors
Reference, 836
Composition
Configuration file
Code Generator, 609
Configuration file for the Allegro library
Code Generator, 614
Configuration Files Examples
Code Generator, 627
Configure the Apache web server
Conflict between Class Attributes and Local Variables
Scope Rules, 542
Conflict between Global Variables and Class Attributes
Scope Rules, 541
Conflict between self inside braces and self in the class
region
Scope Rules, 548
Constructor methods in Ring
Contact the Autor
Resources, 847
Control Structures
Branching, 94
Looping, 105
Control Structures - First Style
Comments about evaluation, 99
Do Again Loop, 97
Exit, 97
Exit from two loops, 97
Exit/Loop inside sub functions, 98
For In Loop, 96
for in to modify lists, 96
For Loop, 95
Introduction, 93
Loop Command, 98
Looping, 95
Short-circuit evaluation, 98
Step Option, 96
Switch Statement, 94
While Loop, 95
Control Structures - Second Style
Branching, 101
Exceptions, 103
For In Loop, 103
For Loop, 102
If Statement, 101
Introduction, 100
Looping, 102
Control Structures - Third Style
Branching, 104
Exceptions, 107
For In Loop, 107
For Loop, 106
If Statement, 104
Introduction, 103
While Loop, 105
Conversion
Data Type, 138
Index 850

Conversion Class
Stdlib Classes, 262
Convert between Numbers and Bytes
Convert Letters Case
Strings, 124
Cookies
Copy Lists
Lists, 120
Copy()
Strings, 126
Could you explain the output of the StrCmp() function?
Create Database
MySQL Functions, 179
Create Lists
Lists, 116
Create Table and Insert Data
Create Window
RingLibSDL, 362
Create Zip File
RingZip, 346
Creating a Class for each Window in GUI applications
Scope Rules, 547
Creating Menubar
Creating more than one window
Creating StatusBar
Creating the Game Window
Creating Toolbar
Creating Windows Installer
Distributing Ring Application, 567
CRUD Example using MVC
CurrentDir() Function
Data Type
Ascii(), 139
Char(), 139
Check Character, 134
Check Data Type, 133
Conversion, 138
Dec(), 139
Hex(), 139
Hex2str(), 140
Introduction, 132
IsAlNum(), 135
IsAlpha(), 135
IsCntrl(), 135
IsDigit(), 136
IsGraph(), 136
IsList(), 134
IsLower(), 136
IsNULL(), 134
IsNumber(), 133
IsPrint(), 136
IsPunct(), 137
IsSpace(), 137
IsString(), 133
IsUpper(), 137
IsXdigit(), 137
Number(), 138
Str2Hex(), 140
String(), 138
Type(), 134
Database, ModelBase & ControllerBase classes
DataType Class
Stdlib Classes, 261
Date and Time
AddDays(), 132
clock(), 130
ClosPerSecond(), 130
Date(), 130
DiffDays(), 132
Introduction, 129
Time(), 130
TimeList(), 131
Date()
Date and Time, 130
DateTime Class
Stdlib Classes, 256
dayofweek()
Debug Class
Stdlib Classes, 260
Dec()
Data Type, 139
Decimals()
Mathematical Functions, 144
Declarative Programming
Declarative programming on the top of Object-
Oriented, 271
executing code after the end of object access, 271
Introduction, 267
More Beatiful Code, 272
Objects inside lists, 268
Return object by reference, 269
Declarative programming on the top of Object-Oriented
Declarative Programming, 271
Declare parameters
Index 851

Functions, 112
Decrypt()
Security and Internet Functions, 193
Deep Copy
Variables, 89
Define Declarative Languages
Language Design, 23
Define Functions
Functions, 111
Define Natural Statements
Language Design, 21
Defining Commands
Using the Natural Library, 286
Defining commands using classes
Defining Constants
Code Generator, 612
Defining Variables and Variables Access
Scope Rules, 539
Delete Item From List
Lists, 117
Demo Programs
Introduction, 164
Language Shell, 165
Main Menu, 165
The Cards Game, 511
Designed for a clear goal
Language Design, 16
Desktop and Mobile Development
Adding Hyperlink to QLabel, 452
Change Focus, 487
Classes and their Methods to use the default events,
517
Creating Menubar, 432
Creating more than one window, 470
Creating StatusBar, 436
Creating Toolbar, 435
Dialog Functions, 477
Display Image using QLabel, 456
Display Scaled Image using QLabel, 465
Drawing using QPainter, 467
Dynamic Objects, 491
Inheritance from GUI Classes, 483
KeyPress and Mouse Move Events, 477
Menubar and StyleSheet Example, 457
Methods to use Events with Events Filter, 520
Movable Label Example, 473
Moving Objects using the Mouse, 479
New Classes names - Index Start from 1, 522
Notepad Application, 496
Other Widgets Events, 461
Playing Sound, 471
Printing using QPrinter, 469
QLineEdit Events and QMessageBox, 459
QMessagebox Example, 474
QVideoWidget and QMediaPlayer, 453
Regular Expressions, 488
RingQt Classes and their Qt Documentation, 522
Rotate Text, 485
Simple Client and Server Example, 489
The Cards Game, 511
The Difference between Qt and RingQt, 521
The First GUI Application, 422
Using Layout, 423
Using QCheckBox, 449
Using QComboBox Class, 431
Using QDateEdit, 444
Using QDesktopWidget Class, 484
Using QDial, 445
Using QDockWidget, 437
Using QFrame, 454
Using QInputDialog Class, 475
Using qLCDNumber, 472
Using QProgressBar, 441
Using QProgressBar and Timer, 464
Using QRadioButton and QButtonGroup, 450
Using QSlider, 442
Using QSpinBox, 442
Using QTableWidget, 440
Using QTabWidget, 438
Using QTreeView and QFileSystemModel, 429
Using QTreeWidget and QTreeWidgetItem, 430
Using QWebView, 448
Using the QColorDialog Class, 471
Using the QFileDialog Class, 466
Using the QListWidget Class, 426
Using the QTextEdit Class, 425
Using the QTimer Class, 463
Weight History Application, 492
Determine Structure Members Types
Code Generator, 612
Dialog Functions
DiffDays()
Date and Time, 132
Dir()
Files, 147
direxists()
Display Error Message
Extension, 599
Display Image
RingLibSDL, 362
Display Image using QLabel
Display PNG Images
RingLibSDL, 363
Display Scaled Image using QLabel
Index 852

Display Transparent Images
RingLibSDL, 364
Display Warnings Option
Distributing Applications and Games for Mobile
Distributing Applications for Microsoft Windows
Distributing Ring Application
Creating Windows Installer, 567
Distributing Applications and Games for Mobile,
568
Distributing Applications for Microsoft Windows,
567
Introduction, 566
Protecting the Source Code, 567
Using C/C++ Compiler and Linker, 568
Do Again Loop
Documentation
Download Requirements
Download Requirements and Update the Android SDK
Download()
Draw Rectangle
RingLibSDL, 363
Drawing Text
Drawing using QPainter
Drawing, Animation and Input
Graphics and Game Programming, 349
Dynamic Attributes
Dynamic Objects
Dynamic Typing
Variables, 89
Editors Support
Embedding Ring in Ring
Embedding Ring in Ring without sharing the State,
594
Introduction, 593
Serial Execution of Programs, 594
Embedding Ring in Ring without sharing the State
Embedding Ring in Ring, 594
Embedding Ring Language in C/C++ Programs
Introduction, 605
Ring State, 606
Ring State Functions, 606
Ring State Variables, 607
Encourage Organization
Language Design, 18
Encrypt()
endswith()
Entering Items
Form Designer, 537
Enum and Numbers
Code Generator, 613
Equality of functions
Eval()
Eval() and Debugging
Assert(), 164
Eval(), 162
Introduction, 161
Raise(), 163
Try/Carch/Done, 162
evenorodd()
Events Code
Form Designer, 533
Example
Files, 153
Objects Library for RingQt Application, 526
Example about Sharing Names between Functions and
Methods
Exceptions
Execute Query and Print Result
ODBC Functions, 173
executing code after the end of object access
Executing code during code generation
Code Generator, 613
ExeFileName() Function
ExeFolder() Function
Exit
Exit from two loops
Index 853

Exit/Loop inside sub functions
Extension
Check Parameters Count, 598
Check Parameters Type, 599
Display Error Message, 599
Fopen() and Fclose() Implementation, 600
Function Prototype, 600
Function Structure, 598
Get Parameters Values, 599
Introduction, 595
Module Organization, 597
MySQL_Columns() Implementation, 603
Return Value, 599
RING API - list Functions, 601
RING API - String Functions, 603
ring_ext.c, 596
ring_ext.h, 596
Shared Libraries, 604
Sin() Implementation, 600
Extensions in C/C++
Extract Zip File
RingZip, 346
Facebook Login
RingLibCurl, 343
factorial()
factors()
Fclose()
Files, 148
Features
Introduction, 12
Feof()
Files, 151
Ferror()
Files, 151
FetchStockData Application
Fexists()
Files, 153
Fflush()
Files, 149
Fgetc()
Files, 152
Fgetpos()
Files, 151
Fgets()
Files, 152
fibonacci()
Fifteen Puzzle Game
Fifteen Puzzle Game 2
File Class
Stdlib Classes, 258
File Hash
file2list()
Files
Clearerr(), 151
Dir(), 147
Example, 153
Fclose(), 148
Feof(), 151
Ferror(), 151
Fexists(), 153
Fflush(), 149
Fgetc(), 152
Fgetpos(), 151
Fgets(), 152
Fopen(), 148
Fputc(), 152
Fputs(), 152
Fread(), 153
Freopen(), 149
Fseek(), 150
Fsetpos(), 151
Ftell(), 150
Fwrite(), 153
Introduction, 145
Numbers and Bytes, 155
Perror(), 151
Read File using Read(), 147
Remove(), 148
Rename(), 148
Rewind(), 150
Tempfile(), 150
Tempname(), 150
Ungetc(), 152
Write file using Write(), 147
filter()
Filtering using Expressions
Code Generator, 613
Find SubString
Strings, 127
Find() and List of Objects
First-Class Functions
First-Class Lists
Lists, 121
Index 854

Flappy Bird 3000 Game
Fopen()
Files, 148
Fopen() and Fclose() Implementation
Extension, 600
For In Loop
for in to modify lists
For Loop
Form Designer
Entering Items, 537
Events Code, 533
Introduction, 530
Keyboard Shortcuts, 536
Menubar Designer, 536
More Samples and Tests, 538
Running Forms, 533
The Designer Windows, 532
The Properties, 532
Using Layouts, 538
Window Flags, 537
Fputc()
Files, 152
Fputs()
Files, 152
Fread()
Files, 153
Freopen()
Files, 149
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I connect to dbase/harbour database?, 827
Can Ring work on Windows XP?, 829
Conflict between Global Variables and Class At-
tributes, 815
Constructor methods in Ring, 811
Could you explain the output of the StrCmp() func-
tion?, 818
Getter and Setter Methods, 813
Goal of including the Main function in Ring, 810
How can I disable maximize button and resize win-
dow?, 825
How to add Combobox and other elements to the
cells of a QTableWidget?, 832
How to Close a window then displaying another
one?, 824
How to create a Modal Window?, 824
How to create an array of buttons in GUI applica-
tions?, 823
How to extend RingQt and add more classes?, 829
How to get the current source file path?, 816
How to get the file size using ftell() and fseek() func-
tions?, 816
How to insert an item to the first position in the list?,
821
How to perform some manipulations on selected
cells in QTableWidget?, 832
How to print keys or values only in List/Dictionary?,
817
How to print lists that contains objects?, 821
How to print new lines and other characters?, 822
How to use many source code files in the project?,
818
How to use NULL and ISNULL() function?, 820
How to use SQLite using ODBC?, 826
Introduction, 802
Is Ring some sort of improvement over PHP?, 805
List index start from 1, 811
Philosophy behind data types in Ring, 808
Search of global names while defining the class at-
tributes, 814
The documentation says functional programming is
supported, but then this happens?, 807
What about predefined parameters or optional pa-
rameters in functions?, 816
What about the Boolean values in Ring?, 809
What are the advantages to using Ring over C# or
Java?, 807
What are the advantages to using Ring over Lisp or
Smalltalk?, 804
What are the advantages to using Ring over native C
or C++?, 805
What are the advantages to using Ring over Python
and Ruby?, 806
What are the advantages to using Ring over Tcl and
Lua?, 807
What happens when we create a new object?, 812
What is the difference between Ring and Python?
And is Ring Open Source?, 805
Where can I write a program and execute it?, 815
Why do we need Yet Another Programming Lan-
guage (YAPL)?, 803
Why I get a strange result when printing nl with
lists?, 817
Why I get Calling Function without definition Er-
ror?, 828
Why Ring is largely focussed on UI creation?, 805
Why Ring is weakly typed?, 804
Why Ring uses ’See’, ’Give’, ’But’ and ’Ok’ Key-
words?, 808
Why setClickEvent() doesn’t see the object methods
Index 855

directly?, 828
Why the ability to deﬁne your own languages Instead
of just handing over the syntax so you can parse
it using whatever code you like?, 808
Why the window title bar is going outside the
screen?, 822
Why this example use the GetChar() twice?, 819
Why we don’t use () after the qApp class name?, 822
Why you can specify the number of loops you want
to break out of?, 808
Fseek()
Files, 150
Fsetpos()
Files, 151
FSize()
Ftell()
Files, 150
Function Prototype
Extension, 600
function prototype
Code Generator, 609
Function Structure
Extension, 598
Functional Programming
Anonymous and Nested Functions, 210
Equality of functions, 211
First-Class Functions, 209
Higher-order Functions, 209
Introduction, 207
Pure Functions, 208
Functions
Call Functions, 111
Declare parameters, 112
Deﬁne Functions, 111
Introduction, 110
Main Function, 112
Recursion, 114
Return Value, 113
Send Parameters, 112
Variables Scope, 113
functions()
Fwrite()
Files, 153
Game Class
Game Engine Classes
Game Engine for 2D Games
Animate Class, 373
Animate Events, 384
Animation, 378
Animation and Functions, 379
Creating the Game Window, 373
Drawing Text, 374
Flappy Bird 3000 Game, 400
Game Class, 371
Game Engine Classes, 370
GameObject Class, 371
Games Layer, 370
Graphics Library Bindings, 369
Interface to graphics library, 369
Introduction, 368
Map, 386
Map Class, 373
Map Events, 387
Moving Text, 375
Object and Drawing, 389
Playing Sound, 377
Project Layers, 369
Sound Class, 373
Sprite Automatic Movement, 380
Sprite Class, 372
Sprite Keypress Event, 381
Sprite Mouse Event, 382
Sprite State Event, 383
Stars Fighter Game, 392
Super Man 2016 Game, 407
Text Class, 372
GameObject Class
Games Layer
gcd()
Generate Object File
Generate/Execute Ring Object Files (*.ringo)
Generating Pages using Objects
Get Active Source File Name
Get Command Line Arguments
Get List Item
Lists, 117
Get List Size
Lists, 117
Get Number of Characters from position
Strings, 127
Get Parameters Values
Extension, 599
Get Request
RingLibCurl, 343
Index 856

Get String Length
Strings, 124
Get Substring from position to end
Strings, 127
getattribute()
GetChar()
Getting Input, 109
getnumber()
getstring()
Getter and Setter Methods
Getting Input
GetChar(), 109
Getting Started - First Style, 71
Getting Started - Second Style, 73
Getting Started - Third Style, 75
Give Command, 109
Input(), 110
Introduction, 108
Getting Started - First Style
Getting Input, 71
Hello World, 70
Introduction, 69
Multi-Line literals, 70
No Explicit End For Statements, 71
Not Case-Sensitive, 70
Run the program, 70
Writing Comments, 71
Getting Started - Second Style
Getting Input, 73
Hello World, 72
Introduction, 71
Run the program, 72
Getting Started - Third Style
Getting Input, 75
Hello World, 74
Introduction, 73
Run the program, 74
Give Command
Getting Input, 109
globals()
Goal of including the Main function in Ring
Gradient
Graphics and Game Programming
Drawing, Animation and Input, 349
Introduction, 348
Playing Sound, 356
Scaling and Rotating Images, 357
Threads, 359
Transparent Image, 358
TrueType Fonts, 355
Graphics Library Bindings
Hash Functions
HashTable Class
Stdlib Classes, 251
Hello World
Hello World Program using the Web Library
Hex()
Data Type, 139
Hex2str()
Data Type, 140
Higher-order Functions
History
Introduction, 12
How can I disable maximize button and resize window?
How Ring ﬁnd a functions and methods?
How Ring ﬁnd the Variable?
Scope Rules, 540
How to add Combobox and other elements to the cells of
a QTableWidget?
How to Close a window then displaying another one?
How to contribute?
Applications, 69
Compiler and Virtual Machine (VM), 69
Documentation, 68
Editors Support, 69
Extensions in C/C++, 69
Ideas and suggestions, 69
Introduction, 67
Libraries in Ring, 69
Samples, 68
Index 857

Special thanks to contributors, 68
Testing, 68
How to create a Modal Window?
How to create an array of buttons in GUI applications?
How to extend RingQt and add more classes?
How to get the current source file path?
How to get the file size using ftell() and fseek() functions?
How to insert an item to the first position in the list?
How to perform some manipulations on selected cells in
QTableWidget?
How to print keys or values only in List/Dictionary?
How to print lists that contains objects?
How to print new lines and other characters?
How to use many source code files in the project?
How to use NULL and ISNULL() function?
How to use SQLite using ODBC?
HTML Lists
HTML Special Characters
HTML Tables
HTTP Get Example
HTTP POST Example
Ideas and suggestions
If Statement
Inheritance
Inheritance from GUI Classes
Input()
Getting Input, 110
Insert()
Lists, 120
Install Qt for Android
Interface to graphics library
Internet Class
Stdlib Classes, 267
Introduction
Features, 12
History, 12
Introduction, 10
Motivation, 11
Is Ring some sort of improvement over PHP?
IsAlNum()
Data Type, 135
IsAlpha()
Data Type, 135
IsAndroid() Function
isattribute()
iscfunction()
isclass()
IsCntrl()
Data Type, 135
IsDigit()
Data Type, 136
IsFreeBSD() Function
isfunction()
isglobal()
IsGraph()
Data Type, 136
isleapyear()
IsLinux() Function
IsList()
Data Type, 134
islocal()
IsLower()
Data Type, 136
IsMacOSX() Function
ismainsourcefile()
ismethod()
IsMSDOS() Function
Index 858

IsNULL()
Data Type, 134
IsNumber()
Data Type, 133
isobject()
ispackage()
ispackagesclass()
isprime()
IsPrint()
Data Type, 136
isprivateattribute()
isprivatemethod()
IsPunct()
Data Type, 137
IsSpace()
Data Type, 137
isspecial()
IsString()
Data Type, 133
IsUnix() Function
IsUpper()
Data Type, 137
isvowel()
IsWindows() Function
IsWindows64() Function
IsXdigit()
Data Type, 137
JustFileName()
JustFilePath()
Keyboard Shortcuts
Form Designer, 536
KeyPress and Mouse Move Events
Language Design
Compact Syntax, 20
Define Declarative Languages, 23
Define Natural Statements, 21
Designed for a clear goal, 16
Encourage Organization, 18
Introduction, 15
Simple, 16
Smart Garbage Collector, 24
Transparent Implementation, 18
Trying to be natural, 17
Visual Implementation, 19
Why Ring?, 16
Language Functions
Reference, 835
Language Grammar
Reference, 838
Language Keywords
Reference, 834
Language Shell
Demo Programs, 165
lcm()
Left()
Strings, 125
Libraries in Ring
Library Usage
linecount()
Lines()
Strings, 126
List Class
Stdlib Classes, 248
List index start from 1
List of changes and new features
list of functions
list2file()
Lists
Access List Items by String Index, 122
Add Items, 116
Copy Lists, 120
Create Lists, 116
Delete Item From List, 117
First-Class Lists, 121
Get List Item, 117
Get List Size, 117
Insert(), 120
Introduction, 115
Nested Lists, 120
Passing Lists to Functions, 121
Passing Parameters Using List, 122
Index 859

Reverse(), 119
Search, 118
Set List Item, 117
Sort(), 118
Swap Items, 123
Using Lists during deﬁnition, 121
Load Syntax Files
locals()
Logical Operators
Operators, 91
Loop Command
Looping
Control Structures, 105
Low Level Functions
callgc(), 584
Introduction, 583
nullpointer(), 586
object2pointer(), 586
pointer2object(), 586
ptrcmp(), 587
RingVM_CallList(), 592
RingVM_CFunctionsList(), 587
RingVM_ClassesList(), 588
RingVM_FilesList(), 593
RingVM_FunctionsList(), 588
RingVM_MemoryList(), 590
RingVM_PackagesList(), 589
space(), 585
varptr(), 585
Main Function
Functions, 112
Main Menu
Demo Programs, 165
makedir()
Map
Map Class
Map Events
map()
Math Class
Stdlib Classes, 253
Mathematical Functions
Decimals(), 144
Example, 141
Introduction, 140
list of functions, 141
Random(), 143
Unsigned(), 144
matrixmulti()
matrixtrans()
MD5()
Menubar and StyleSheet Example
Menubar Designer
Form Designer, 536
mergemethods()
Methods to use Events with Events Filter
methods()
Misc Operators
Operators, 92
Module Organization
Extension, 597
More Beatiful Code
More Samples and Tests
Form Designer, 538
Motivation
Introduction, 11
Mouse Events
RingLibSDL, 366
Movable Label Example
Moving Objects using the Mouse
Moving Text
Multi-Line literals
MySQL Class
Stdlib Classes, 264
MySQL Functions
Create Database, 179
Create Table and Insert Data, 180
Introduction, 177
MySQL_AutoCommit(), 185
MySQL_Close(), 179
MySQL_Columns(), 182
MySQL_Commit(), 185
MySQL_Connect(), 179
MySQL_Error(), 179
Index 860

MySQL_Escape_String(), 184
MySQL_Info(), 178
MySQL_Init(), 179
MySQL_Inser_ID(), 181
MySQL_Next_Result(), 182
MySQL_Query(), 179
MySQL_Result(), 182
MySQL_Result2(), 183
MySQL_Rollback(), 185
Print Query Result, 182
Restore Image From The Database, 184
Save Image Inside the Database, 184
Transaction Example, 185
MySQL_AutoCommit()
MySQL_Close()
MySQL_Columns()
MySQL_Columns() Implementation
Extension, 603
MySQL_Commit()
MySQL_Connect()
MySQL_Error()
MySQL_Escape_String()
MySQL_Info()
MySQL_Init()
MySQL_Inser_ID()
MySQL_Next_Result()
MySQL_Query()
MySQL_Result()
MySQL_Result2()
MySQL_Rollback()
Natural Language Programming
BraceError() Method, 281
BraceExprEval Method, 280
BraceStart and BraceEnd Methods, 279
Change the ’=’ operator to ’is’, 277
Change the Ring Keyword ’And’, 275
Change the Ring Operator ’+’, 276
Clean Natural Code, 282
Example, 274
History, 274
Introduction, 273
Real Natual Code, 280
Using Eval() with our Natural Code, 278
Natural Library - Demo Program
Nested Lists
Lists, 120
New Classes names - Index Start from 1
New Functions
New Functions and Changes
New Style to Ring Notepad
newlist()
No Explicit End For Statements
No Run
Not Case-Sensitive
Notepad Application
nullpointer()
Number()
Data Type, 138
Numbers and Bytes
Files, 155
Object and Drawing
Object Library Source Code
Object Oriented Programming
Access Objects Using Braces, 197
Classes and Objects, 195
Composition, 198
Dynamic Attributes, 202
Find() and List of Objects, 203
Inheritance, 201
Introduction, 194
Operator Overloading, 200
Packages, 202
Printing Objects, 203
Index 861

Private Attributes and Methods, 199
Setter and Getter, 199
Sort() and List of Objects, 204
Using Self.Attribute, 206
object2pointer()
objectid()
Objects inside lists
Objects Library for RingQt
Objects Library for RingQt Application
Example, 526
Introduction, 525
Library Usage, 526
Object Library Source Code, 530
Open_WindowAndLink() Function, 530
ODBC Class
Stdlib Classes, 263
ODBC Functions
Execute Query and Print Result, 173
Introduction, 168
odbc_autocommit(), 175
odbc_close(), 170
odbc_colcount(), 172
odbc_columns(), 174
odbc_commit(), 175
odbc_connect(), 171
odbc_datasources(), 170
odbc_disconnect(), 172
odbc_drivers(), 169
odbc_execute(), 172
odbc_fetch(), 173
odbc_getdata(), 173
odbc_init(), 169
odbc_rollback(), 175
odbc_tables(), 173
Open and Close Connection, 172
Print List of ODBC Data Sources, 171
Print List of ODBC Drivers, 170
Save and Restore Images, 176
Transactions and Using Commit and Rollback, 175
odbc_autocommit()
ODBC Functions, 175
odbc_close()
ODBC Functions, 170
odbc_colcount()
ODBC Functions, 172
odbc_columns()
ODBC Functions, 174
odbc_commit()
ODBC Functions, 175
odbc_connect()
ODBC Functions, 171
odbc_datasources()
ODBC Functions, 170
odbc_disconnect()
ODBC Functions, 172
odbc_drivers()
ODBC Functions, 169
odbc_execute()
ODBC Functions, 172
odbc_fetch()
ODBC Functions, 173
odbc_getdata()
ODBC Functions, 173
odbc_init()
ODBC Functions, 169
odbc_rollback()
ODBC Functions, 175
odbc_tables()
ODBC Functions, 173
Open and Close Connection
ODBC Functions, 172
Open_WindowAndLink() Function
Operator Overloading
Operators
Arithmetic Operators, 91
Assignment Operators, 92
Bitwise Operators, 91
Introduction, 90
Logical Operators, 91
Misc Operators, 92
Operators Precedence, 92
Relational Operators, 91
Operators Precedence
Operators, 92
Other Widgets Events
packagename()
Packages
packages()
packagesclasses()
Page Class
palindrome()
Passing Lists to Functions
Lists, 121
Index 862

Passing Parameters Using List
Lists, 122
Performance
permutation()
Perror()
Files, 151
Philosophy behind data types in Ring
Play Sound
RingLibSDL, 367
Playing Sound
pointer2object()
Post Request
RingLibCurl, 343
Prefix for Functions Names
Code Generator, 611
PrevFileName() Function
Print files in Zip file
RingZip, 346
Print List of ODBC Data Sources
ODBC Functions, 171
Print List of ODBC Drivers
ODBC Functions, 170
Print Query Result
print()
Printing Final Intermediate Code
Printing Instruction Operation Code
Printing Intermediate Code
Printing Objects
Printing Rules
Printing Tokens
Printing using QPrinter
Private Attributes and Methods
prodlist()
Program Structure
Introduction, 114
Source Code File Sections, 115
Using Many Source Code Files, 115
Project Folder
Project Layers
Protecting the Source Code
ptrcmp()
Pure Functions
puts()
QAbstractButton Class
QAbstractItemView Class
QAbstractScrollArea Class
QAbstractSlider Class
QAbstractSocket Class
QAbstractSpinBox Class
QAction Class
QAllEvents Class
QApp Class
QAxBase Class
QAxObject Class
QBitmap Class
QBoxLayout Class
QBrush Class
QButtonGroup Class
QByteArray Class
QCamera Class
QCameraImageCapture Class
QCameraViewfinder Class
QCheckBox Class
Index 863

QColor Class
QColorDialog Class
QComboBox Class
QCompleter Class
QCompleter2 Class
QCompleter3 Class
QCursor Class
QDate Class
QDateEdit Class
QDateTimeEdit Class
QDesktopServices Class
QDesktopWidget Class
QDial Class
QDialog Class
QDir Class
QDirModel Class
QDockWidget Class
QEvent Class
QFileDialog Class
QFileInfo Class
QFileSystemModel Class
QFont Class
QFontDialog Class
QFontMetrics Class
QFrame Class
QFrame2 Class
QFrame3 Class
QGradient Class
QGraphicsVideoItem Class
QGridLayout Class
QHBoxLayout Class
QHeaderView Class
QHostAddress Class
QHostInfo Class
QIcon Class
QImage Class
QInputDialog Class
QIODevice Class
QJsonArray Class
QJsonDocument Class
QJsonObject Class
QJsonParseError Class
QJsonValue Class
QKeySequence Class
QLabel Class
QLayout Class
QLCDNumber Class
QLinearGradient Class
QLineEdit Class
QLineEdit Events and QMessageBox
QListView Class
QListWidget Class
QListWidgetItem Class
QMainWindow Class
Index 864

QMdiArea Class
QMdiSubWindow Class
QMediaObject Class
QMediaPlayer Class
QMediaPlaylist Class
QMenu Class
QMenuBar Class
QMessageBox Class
QMessagebox Example
QNetworkAccessManager Class
QNetworkProxy Class
QNetworkReply Class
QNetworkRequest Class
QObject Class
QPainter Class
QPainter2 Class
QPainterPath Class
QPen Class
QPicture Class
QPixmap Class
QPixmap2 Class
QPlainTextEdit Class
QPoint Class
QPointF Class
QPrinter Class
QProcess Class
QProgressBar Class
QPushButton Class
QRadioButton Class
QRect Class
QRegularExpression Class
QRegularExpressionMatch Class
QRegularExpressionMatchIterator Class
QScrollArea Class
QSerialPort Class
QSerialPortInfo Class
QSize Class
QSlider Class
QSpinBox Class
QSplashScreen Class
QSplitter Class
QSqlDatabase Class
QSqlDriver Class
QSqlDriverCreatorBase Class
QSqlError Class
QSqlField Class
QSqlIndex Class
QSqlQuery Class
QSqlRecord Class
QStatusBar Class
QString2 Class
QStringList Class
QSystemTrayIcon Class
Qt Class Convertor
Index 865

Qt conﬁguration ﬁle
Code Generator, 617
QTableView Class
QTableWidget Class
QTableWidgetItem Class
QTabWidget Class
QTcpServer Class
QTcpSocket Class
QTest Class
QTextBlock Class
QTextCharFormat Class
QTextCodec Class
QTextCursor Class
QTextDocument Class
QTextEdit Class
QThread Class
QThreadPool Class
QTime Class
QTimer Class
QToolBar Class
QToolButton Class
QTreeView Class
QTreeWidget Class
QTreeWidgetItem Class
Queue Class
Stdlib Classes, 250
Quotes about Ring
QUrl Class
QUuid Class
QVariant Class
QVBoxLayout Class
QVideoWidget and QMediaPlayer
QVideoWidget Class
QVideoWidgetControl Class
QWebView Class
QWidget Class
QXmlStreamAttribute Class
QXmlStreamAttributes Class
QXmlStreamEntityDeclaration Class
QXmlStreamEntityResolver Class
QXmlStreamNamespaceDeclaration Class
QXmlStreamNotationDeclaration Class
QXmlStreamReader Class
QXmlStreamWriter Class
Raise()
RandBytes()
Random Image
Random()
Read File using Read()
Files, 147
readline()
Real Natual Code
Recursion
Functions, 114
Reference
Compiler Errors, 836
Introduction, 833
Language Functions, 835
Language Grammar, 838
Language Keywords, 834
Index 866

Runtime Errors, 837
Virtual Machine Instructions, 840
Reflection and Meta-programming
addattribute(), 224
addmethod(), 224
attributes(), 221
cfunctions(), 214
classes(), 218
classname(), 220
functions(), 214
getattribute(), 226
globals(), 213
Introduction, 212
isattribute(), 222
iscfunction(), 216
isclass(), 218
isfunction(), 216
isglobal(), 215
islocal(), 215
ismethod(), 223
isobject(), 221
ispackage(), 217
ispackagesclass(), 220
isprivateattribute(), 222
isprivatemethod(), 223
locals(), 213
mergemethods(), 228
methods(), 221
objectid(), 220
packagename(), 229
packages(), 217
packagesclasses(), 219
setattribute(), 227
Register New Functions
Code Generator, 612
Regular Expressions
Relational Operators
Operators, 91
Remove()
Files, 148
Rename()
Files, 148
Resources
Contact the Autor, 847
Introduction, 846
Ring Group, 847
Ring Language Website, 847
Restore Image From The Database
Return object by reference
Return Self by Reference
Return Value
Extension, 599
Functions, 113
Reverse()
Lists, 119
Rewind()
Files, 150
Right()
Strings, 125
RING API - list Functions
Extension, 601
RING API - String Functions
Extension, 603
Ring CGI Hello World Program
Ring Group
Resources, 847
Ring Language Website
Resources, 847
Ring mode for Emacs Editor
Ring Notepad
Introduction, 75
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first con-
sole application, 76
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first game,
81
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first GUI
application, 79
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first Web
application, 80
Ring Notepad - Main Window, 76
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first console
application
Ring Notepad, 76
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first game
Ring Notepad, 81
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first GUI ap-
plication
Ring Notepad, 79
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first Web ap-
plication
Ring Notepad, 80
Ring Notepad - Main Window
Ring Notepad, 76
Ring State
Embedding Ring Language in C/C++ Programs, 606
Ring State Functions
Ring State Variables
ring_ext.c
Extension, 596
ring_ext.h
Index 867

Extension, 596
RingAllegro Functions Reference
Introduction, 630
RingCodeHighlighter Class
RingLibCurl
Facebook Login, 343
Get Request, 343
Introduction, 342
Post Request, 343
Save output to string, 344
RingLibCurl Functions Reference
Introduction, 627
RingLibSDL
Close Window Event, 365
Create Window, 362
Display Image, 362
Display PNG Images, 363
Display Transparent Images, 364
Draw Rectangle, 363
Introduction, 361
Mouse Events, 366
Play Sound, 367
Switch Between Two Images, 362
Use TTF Fonts, 364
RingLibSDL Functions Reference
Introduction, 649
RingLibZip Functions Reference
Introduction, 629
RingQt Classes and their Qt Documentation
RingQt Classes Reference
CodeEditor Class, 781
Introduction, 665
QAbstractButton Class, 713
QAbstractItemView Class, 699
QAbstractScrollArea Class, 699
QAbstractSlider Class, 706
QAbstractSocket Class, 734
QAbstractSpinBox Class, 709
QAction Class, 717
QAllEvents Class, 748
QApp Class, 666
QAxBase Class, 799
QAxObject Class, 799
QBitmap Class, 674
QBoxLayout Class, 789
QBrush Class, 731
QButtonGroup Class, 715
QByteArray Class, 732
QCamera Class, 784
QCameraImageCapture Class, 785
QCameraViewﬁnder Class, 783
QCheckBox Class, 713
QColor Class, 726
QColorDialog Class, 744
QComboBox Class, 689
QCompleter Class, 794
QCompleter2 Class, 795
QCompleter3 Class, 795
QCursor Class, 798
QDate Class, 757
QDateEdit Class, 708
QDateTimeEdit Class, 708
QDesktopServices Class, 666
QDesktopWidget Class, 750
QDial Class, 710
QDialog Class, 742
QDir Class, 684
QDirModel Class, 740
QDockWidget Class, 695
QEvent Class, 719
QFileDialog Class, 721
QFileInfo Class, 739
QFileSystemModel Class, 684
QFont Class, 729
QFontDialog Class, 741
QFontMetrics Class, 788
QFrame Class, 698
QFrame2 Class, 698
QFrame3 Class, 699
QGradient Class, 791
QGraphicsVideoItem Class, 784
QGridLayout Class, 781
QHBoxLayout Class, 677
QHeaderView Class, 786
QHostAddress Class, 738
QHostInfo Class, 738
QIcon Class, 675
QImage Class, 767
QInputDialog Class, 746
QIODevice Class, 734
QJsonArray Class, 776
QJsonDocument Class, 776
QJsonObject Class, 777
QJsonParseError Class, 778
QJsonValue Class, 778
QKeySequence Class, 745
QLabel Class, 673
QLayout Class, 790
QLCDNumber Class, 746
QLinearGradient Class, 791
QLineEdit Class, 675
QListView Class, 798
QListWidget Class, 680
QListWidgetItem Class, 755
Index 868

QMainWindow Class, 693
QMdiArea Class, 796
QMdiSubWindow Class, 797
QMediaObject Class, 786
QMediaPlayer Class, 715
QMediaPlaylist Class, 716
QMenu Class, 691
QMenuBar Class, 691
QMessageBox Class, 719
QNetworkAccessManager Class, 764
QNetworkProxy Class, 736
QNetworkReply Class, 765
QNetworkRequest Class, 764
QObject Class, 666
QPainter Class, 722
QPainter2 Class, 724
QPainterPath Class, 766
QPen Class, 725
QPicture Class, 725
QPixmap Class, 674
QPixmap2 Class, 675
QPlainTextEdit Class, 778
QPoint Class, 792
QPointF Class, 792
QPrinter Class, 728
QProcess Class, 795
QProgressBar Class, 705
QPushButton Class, 674
QRadioButton Class, 714
QRect Class, 750
QRegularExpression Class, 774
QRegularExpressionMatch Class, 775
QRegularExpressionMatchIterator Class, 775
QScrollArea Class, 792
QSerialPort Class, 801
QSerialPortInfo Class, 802
QSize Class, 675
QSlider Class, 707
QSpinBox Class, 705
QSplashScreen Class, 789
QSplitter Class, 793
QSqlDatabase Class, 758
QSqlDriver Class, 759
QSqlDriverCreatorBase Class, 762
QSqlError Class, 760
QSqlField Class, 761
QSqlIndex Class, 760
QSqlQuery Class, 759
QSqlRecord Class, 761
QStatusBar Class, 694
QString2 Class, 795
QStringList Class, 744
QSystemTrayIcon Class, 756
QTableView Class, 701
QTableWidget Class, 702
QTableWidgetItem Class, 697
QTabWidget Class, 695
QTcpServer Class, 737
QTcpSocket Class, 737
QTest Class, 666
QTextBlock Class, 754
QTextCharFormat Class, 782
QTextCodec Class, 757
QTextCursor Class, 742
QTextDocument Class, 752
QTextEdit Class, 678
QThread Class, 773
QThreadPool Class, 774
QTime Class, 754
QTimer Class, 720
QToolBar Class, 692
QToolButton Class, 800
QTreeView Class, 682
QTreeWidget Class, 685
QTreeWidgetItem Class, 687
QUrl Class, 712
QUuid Class, 800
QVariant Class, 762
QVBoxLayout Class, 677
QVideoWidget Class, 716
QVideoWidgetControl Class, 784
QWebView Class, 711
QWidget Class, 667
QXmlStreamAttribute Class, 773
QXmlStreamAttributes Class, 772
QXmlStreamEntityDeclaration Class, 772
QXmlStreamEntityResolver Class, 772
QXmlStreamNamespaceDeclaration Class, 772
QXmlStreamNotationDeclaration Class, 771
QXmlStreamReader Class, 769
QXmlStreamWriter Class, 770
RingCodeHighlighter Class, 768
RingREPL
RingSQLite
RingVM_CallList()
RingVM_CFunctionsList()
RingVM_ClassesList()
RingVM_FilesList()
RingVM_FunctionsList()
RingVM_MemoryList()
Index 869

RingVM_PackagesList()
RingZip
Create Zip File, 346
Extract Zip File, 346
Introduction, 345
Print files in Zip file, 346
Using RingZip Classes, 346
Zip Class Reference, 348
ZipEntry Class Reference, 348
RingZip Library
Rotate Text
Run the program
Running Forms
Form Designer, 533
Runtime Errors
Reference, 837
Samples
Samples in this book
Save and Restore Images
ODBC Functions, 176
Save Image Inside the Database
Save output to string
RingLibCurl, 344
Scaling and Rotating Images
Scope Rules
Accessing the class attributes from braces inside
class methods, 545
Conflict between Class Attributes and Local Vari-
ables, 542
Conflict between Global Variables and Class At-
tributes, 541
Conflict between self inside braces and self in the
class region, 548
Creating a Class for each Window in GUI applica-
tions, 547
Defining Variables and Variables Access, 539
How Ring find the Variable?, 540
Introduction, 538
Summary of Scope Rules, 552
The Self Object, 540
Three Scopes, 539
Using Braces to access objects inside Class Methods,
543
Using braces to escape from the current object scope,
551
Using Object.Attribute, 540
Scope Rules for Functions and Methods
Calling a function sharing the name with a method in
the current class, 556
Example about Sharing Names between Functions
and Methods, 554
How Ring find a functions and methods?, 554
Introduction, 553
ScriptFunctions Class
Search
Lists, 118
Search of global names while defining the class attributes
Security and Internet Functions
Decrypt(), 193
Download(), 194
Encrypt(), 192
Example, 193
File Hash, 193
Introduction, 189
MD5(), 190
RandBytes(), 193
SendEmail(), 194
SHA1(), 191
SHA224(), 192
SHA256(), 191
SHA384(), 192
SHA512(), 191
Security Class
Stdlib Classes, 266
Send Parameters
Functions, 112
SendEmail()
Serial Execution of Programs
Embedding Ring in Ring, 594
Set List Item
Lists, 117
setattribute()
Setter and Getter
SHA1()
SHA224()
SHA256()
SHA384()
SHA512()
Index 870

Shared Libraries
Extension, 604
Short-circuit evaluation
sign()
Simple
Language Design, 16
Simple Client and Server Example
Sin() Implementation
Extension, 600
Single: Desktop and Mobile Development
Introduction, 421
sleep()
Smart Garbage Collector
Language Design, 24
Sort()
Lists, 118
Sort() and List of Objects
Sound Class
Source Code File Sections
Program Structure, 115
space()
Special thanks to contributors
split()
splitmany()
Sprite Automatic Movement
Sprite Class
Sprite Keypress Event
Sprite Mouse Event
Sprite State Event
SQLite
Introduction, 186
sqlite_close(), 187
sqlite_execute(), 187
sqlite_init(), 187
sqlite_open(), 187
SQLite Class
Stdlib Classes, 265
sqlite_close()
SQLite, 187
sqlite_execute()
SQLite, 187
sqlite_init()
SQLite, 187
sqlite_open()
SQLite, 187
Squares Puzzle Game
Stack Class
Stdlib Classes, 250
Stars Fighter Game
startswith()
StdBase Class
Stdlib Classes, 245
Stdlib Classes
Conversion Class, 262
DataType Class, 261
DateTime Class, 256
Debug Class, 260
File Class, 258
HashTable Class, 251
Internet Class, 267
Introduction, 244
List Class, 248
Math Class, 253
MySQL Class, 264
ODBC Class, 263
Queue Class, 250
Security Class, 266
SQLite Class, 265
Stack Class, 250
StdBase Class, 245
String Class, 246
System Class, 259
Tree Class, 252
Stdlib Functions
apppath(), 231
binarydigits(), 240
capitalized(), 234
changestring(), 242
dayofweek(), 241
direxists(), 243
endswith(), 237
evenorodd(), 238
factorial(), 235
factors(), 239
fibonacci(), 235
file2list(), 236
filter(), 232
FSize(), 244
gcd(), 237
Index 871

getnumber(), 230
getstring(), 230
Introduction, 229
isleapyear(), 239
ismainsourcefile(), 243
isprime(), 235
isspecial(), 234
isvowel(), 234
JustFileName(), 231
JustFilePath(), 231
lcm(), 238
linecount(), 235
list2file(), 236
makedir(), 243
map(), 232
matrixmulti(), 240
matrixtrans(), 240
newlist(), 233
palindrome(), 239
permutation(), 241
print(), 230
prodlist(), 238
puts(), 230
readline(), 241
sign(), 236
sleep(), 242
split(), 233
splitmany(), 233
startswith(), 237
substring(), 242
sumlist(), 238
times(), 232
value(), 232
StdLib functions and classes written in Ring
Step Option
Str2Hex()
Data Type, 140
str2list() and list2str()
Strings, 128
strcmp()
Strings, 128
String Class
Stdlib Classes, 246
String Literals
Strings, 124
String()
Data Type, 138
Strings
Access String Letters, 124
Convert Letters Case, 124
Copy(), 126
Find SubString, 127
Get Number of Characters from position, 127
Get String Length, 124
Get Substring from position to end, 127
Introduction, 123
Left(), 125
Lines(), 126
Right(), 125
str2list() and list2str(), 128
strcmp(), 128
String Literals, 124
Substr(), 126
Transform Substring To Another Substring, 127
Trim(), 126
StyleFunctions Class
Substr()
Strings, 126
substring()
sumlist()
Summary of Scope Rules
Scope Rules, 552
Super Man 2016 Game
Swap Items
Lists, 123
Switch Between Two Images
RingLibSDL, 362
Switch Statement
Syntax Flexibility
Change Language Keywords, 558
Change Language Operators, 559
Introduction, 557
Load Syntax Files, 559
Using ’case’ as ’on’ in switch statements, 565
Using ’def’ as ’func’ in functions/methods defini-
tion, 565
Using ’put’ and ’get’ as ’see’ and ’give’, 565
Using () around the function parameters, 559
in the start of the variable name, 562
Using braces to start and end different control struc-
tures, 564
Using Semi-colon after and between statements, 561
Using the ’else’ keyword as ’other’ in switch state-
ment, 562
Using the ’elseif’ keyword as ’but’ in if statement,
562
Using the ’end’ keyword in different control struc-
tures, 563
Index 872

SysGet() Function
System Class
Stdlib Classes, 259
System Functions
ChDir() Function, 161
CurrentDir() Function, 160
Example, 158
ExeFileName() Function, 161
ExeFolder() Function, 161
Get Active Source File Name, 160
Get Command Line Arguments, 159
Introduction, 155
IsAndroid() Function, 158
IsFreeBSD() Function, 158
IsLinux() Function, 158
IsMacOSX() Function, 157
IsMSDOS() Function, 157
IsUnix() Function, 157
IsWindows() Function, 157
IsWindows64() Function, 157
PrevFileName() Function, 160
SysGet() Function, 156
System() Function, 156
Version() Function, 161
Windowsnl() Function, 158
System() Function
Tempﬁle()
Files, 150
Templates
Tempname()
Files, 150
Testing
Text Class
The Cards Game
Demo Programs, 511
The Designer Windows
Form Designer, 532
The Difference between Qt and RingQt
The documentation says functional programming is sup-
ported, but then this happens?
The First GUI Application
The Natural Library
The Properties
Form Designer, 532
The Self Object
Scope Rules, 540
Threads
Threads Support
Code Generator, 615
Three Scopes
Scope Rules, 539
TicTacToe Game
Time()
Date and Time, 130
TimeList()
Date and Time, 131
times()
Transaction Example
Transactions and Using Commit and Rollback
ODBC Functions, 175
Transform Substring To Another Substring
Strings, 127
Transparent Image
Transparent Implementation
Language Design, 18
Tree Class
Stdlib Classes, 252
Trim()
Strings, 126
TrueType Fonts
Try/Carch/Done
Trying to be natural
Language Design, 17
Type()
Data Type, 134
Ungetc()
Files, 152
Unsigned()
Update the Android SDK
Upload Files
URL Encode
Use TTF Fonts
RingLibSDL, 364
Users registration and Login
Index 873

Using ’<’ and ’:’ operators as ’from’ keyword
Using ’case’ as ’on’ in switch statements
Using ’def’ as ’func’ in functions/methods definition
Using ’put’ and ’get’ as ’see’ and ’give’
Using () around the function parameters
in the start of the variable name
Using Atom
Using Other Code Editors, 85
Using Bootstrap Library using Functions
Using Bootstrap Library using Objects
Using Braces to access objects inside Class Methods
Scope Rules, 543
Using braces to escape from the current object scope
Scope Rules, 551
Using braces to start and end different control structures
Using C/C++ Compiler and Linker
Using configuration file that wrap C++ library
Code Generator, 617
Using Emacs Editor
Using Eval() with our Natural Code
Using Geany
Using Layout
Using Layouts
Form Designer, 538
Using Lists during definition
Lists, 121
Using Many Source Code Files
Program Structure, 115
Using Notepad++
Using NULL instead of NULLPointer()
Using Object.Attribute
Scope Rules, 540
Using Other Code Editors
Introduction, 82
Using Atom, 85
Using Emacs Editor, 87
Using Geany, 84
Using Notepad++, 83
Using Sublime Text 2, 86
Using Visual Studio IDE, 87
Using QCheckBox
Using QComboBox Class
Using QDateEdit
Using QDesktopWidget Class
Using QDial
Using QDockWidget
Using QFrame
Using QInputDialog Class
Using qLCDNumber
Using QProgressBar
Using QProgressBar and Timer
Using QRadioButton and QButtonGroup
Using QSlider
Using QSpinBox
Using QTableWidget
Using QTabWidget
Using QTreeView and QFileSystemModel
Using QTreeWidget and QTreeWidgetItem
Using QWebView
Using RingZip Classes
RingZip, 346
Using Self.Attribute
Using Self.Attribute in the Class Region to define new at-
tributes
Using Semi-colon after and between statements
Using Sublime Text 2
Using the ’else’ keyword as ’other’ in switch statement
Using the ’elseif’ keyword as ’but’ in if statement
Index 874

Using the ’end’ keyword in different control structures
Using the Natural Library
Defining Commands, 286
Defining commands using classes, 289
Introduction, 283
Natural Library - Demo Program, 284
Operators, 288
Using the QColorDialog Class
Using the QFileDialog Class
Using the QListWidget Class
Using the QTextEdit Class
Using the QTimer Class
Using the tool
Code Generator, 609
Using This.Attribute in nested Braces inside the Class
Methods
Using Visual Studio IDE
value()
Variables
Deep Copy, 89
Dynamic Typing, 89
Introduction, 88
Weakly Typed, 90
Variables Scope
Functions, 113
varptr()
Version() Function
Virtual Machine Instructions
Reference, 840
Visual Implementation
Language Design, 19
Weakly Typed
Variables, 90
Web Development (CGI Library)
Application Class, 338
Configure the Apache web server, 291
Cookies, 303
CRUD Example using MVC, 324
Database, ModelBase & ControllerBase classes, 332
Generating Pages using Objects, 315
Gradient, 314
Hash Functions, 309
Hello World Program using the Web Library, 292
HTML Lists, 312
HTML Special Characters, 308
HTML Tables, 313
HTTP Get Example, 293
HTTP POST Example, 298
Introduction, 290
Page Class, 339
Random Image, 311
Ring CGI Hello World Program, 292
ScriptFunctions Class, 341
StyleFunctions Class, 341
Templates, 306
Upload Files, 300
URL Encode, 305
Users registration and Login, 326
Using Bootstrap Library using Functions, 320
Using Bootstrap Library using Objects, 321
Web Library Features, 293
WebLib API, 337
Web Library Features
WebLib API
Weight History Application
Werdy Application
What about predefined parameters or optional parameters
in functions?
What about the Boolean values in Ring?
What are the advantages to using Ring over C# or Java?
What are the advantages to using Ring over Lisp or
Smalltalk?
What are the advantages to using Ring over native C or
C++?
What are the advantages to using Ring over Python and
Ruby?
What are the advantages to using Ring over Tcl and Lua?
What happens when we create a new object?
What is new in Ring 1.1?
Better Code Generator for Extensions, 61
Better Documentation, 61
Better Natural Language Programming Support, 53
Index 875

Generate/Execute Ring Object Files (*.ringo), 54
Introduction, 52
List of changes and new features, 53
New Functions and Changes, 56
RingLibSDL, 59
RingSQLite, 60
StdLib functions and classes written in Ring, 57
Using Self.Attribute in the Class Region to define
new attributes, 61
Using This.Attribute in nested Braces inside the
Class Methods, 61
Better Call Command, 51
Better Functions, 48
Better Quality, 51
Better Ring Notepad, 48
Better RingQt, 48
Display Warnings Option, 51
Introduction, 46
New Functions, 47
Objects Library for RingQt, 49
RingLibCurl, 50
Using NULL instead of NULLPointer(), 51
Better Loop|Exit Command, 42
Better Ring Notepad, 38
Better RingQt, 34
Better StdLib, 42
Embedding Ring in Ring without sharing the State,
44
Form Designer, 45
Introduction, 33
New Functions, 43
Return Self by Reference, 43
Ring mode for Emacs Editor, 41
RingZip Library, 44
Using ’<’ and ’:’ operators as ’from’ keyword, 43
Better RingQt, 32
Better StdLib, 30
Better WebLib, 30
Change: Basic Extensions are separated from
RingVM, 25
Convert between Numbers and Bytes, 29
Introduction, 24
New Style to Ring Notepad, 28
Qt Class Convertor, 32
RingREPL, 28
The Natural Library, 26
What is the difference between Ring and Python? And is
Ring Open Source?
Where can I write a program and execute it?
While Loop
Why do we need Yet Another Programming Language
(YAPL)?
Why I get a strange result when printing nl with lists?
Why I get Calling Function without definition Error?
Why Ring is largely focussed on UI creation?
Why Ring is weakly typed?
Why Ring uses ’See’, ’Give’, ’But’ and ’Ok’ Keywords?
Why Ring?
Language Design, 16
Why setClickEvent() doesn’t see the object methods di-
rectly?
Why the ability to define your own languages Instead of
just handing over the syntax so you can parse it
using whatever code you like?
Why the window title bar is going outside the screen?
Why this example use the GetChar() twice?
Why we don’t use () after the qApp class name?
Why you can specify the number of loops you want to
break out of?
Window Flags
Form Designer, 537
Windowsnl() Function
Wrap structures
Code Generator, 611
Wrapping C++ Classes
Code Generator, 616
Write file using Write()
Files, 147
Writing Comments
Index 876

Zip Class Reference
RingZip, 348
ZipEntry Class Reference
RingZip, 348
Index 877

The Ring programming language version 1.4 book - Part 30 of 30

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