The document discusses key people and events of the Progressive Era in the United States between 1890-1920. It defines muckrakers as journalists who exposed corruption and fought for reform, and identifies Ida Tarbell, Upton Sinclair, and Cary Nation as prominent muckrakers. It also discusses W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington as influential African American reformers with differing philosophies on achieving racial equality and political rights. Theodore Roosevelt is noted for believing the president should be an active referee between big business and the people.

1. 12. What is a muckraker?A journalist who exposed corruption and fought for reform.Who was Ida Tarbell?A muckraker who took on Standard Oil (owned by Rockefeller).Who was Upton Sinclair?A muckraker who wrote The Jungle, which exposed the meat industry.Who was Cary Nation?A Christian reformer who fought to ban alcohol.What was the purpose of the Settlement House Movement?To give immigrants a positive environment away from the tenements.What is the most famous Settlement House and where is it located?Hull House, ChicagoWho founded this Settlement House? Jane Addams3.Who was W.E.B. Du Bois?An African-American reformerWhat did he believe?Radical political reform and rights for African-Americans.What was his life like?Wealthy and from MassachusettesWho was Booker T. Washington?An African-American reformerWhat did he believe?Progress through self-help, job skills and moderate reformWhat was his life like? Born a slave in the South. He was respected by government and business leaders for his moderate views.What was the Atlanta Compromise?A speech given by Booker T. Washington. Justified temporary separation of the races, called on blacks to improve themselves.4.Voting Reforms. Define the following terms.VOTERS CAN….Initiative:…put an issue on the ballot.Referendum:…overturn laws they disagree with.Recall:…have a special election to kick out a politician before the end of his or her term.Direct Primary:…choose who the candidates are through an election called a primary (which is a special election before the real election just to choose the candidates). Broke the power of political parties and bosses.5Progressive Amendments. Define the following amendments:16th: Government can collect income tax17th: Direct (a.k.a. popular) election of senators18th: Prohibition of alcohol19th: Women’s suffrage (voting rights)6Explain what Theodore Roosevelt believed about the role of the President:The president should be an active referee between business and the people.7What was the NAACP?Organization for African-American political rights co-founded by W.E.B. Du Bois. (Stands for National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)8The Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson established:The doctrine of ‘Separate but Equal’. Legally separated the races.9Explain Theodore Roosevelt’s beliefs about good trust and bad trusts.Bad trusts do not serve the interests of the people and should be broken up. Good trusts serve the interests of the people and should be left alone.10What was the Meat Inspection Act?Required federal inspection and grading of meat. It was passed due to public outrage from Upton Sinclair’s book The Jungle.What was the Pure Food and Drug Act?Prohibited dangerous ingredients and false marketing claims for foods and drugs.11What was the poll tax?A measure to prevent African-Americans from voting (by requiring a high fee and the ability to pass a very difficult “literacy” test).What was the grandfather clause?It said the poll tax rule did not apply if you or your parents/grandparents had ever voted. Essentially a loophole to make sure whites weren’t subject to the poll tax.12What was the other name for the Bull Moose Party and who was its candidate?The Progressive Party. Theodore Roosevelt. (Election of 1912)13What state was called a "laboratory of Progressivism,"?Wisconsin14What is William Howard Taft most known for?Breaking up twice as many trusts as Theodore Roosevelt and being the only ex-President to serve on the Supreme Court.