Hydrogen bonding takes place only when a hydrogen atom is present, a.pdf

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Hydrogen bonding takes place only when a hydrogen atom is present, attached to a highly electronegative atom. So this property is not common among substances. Substances of lower molar mass are usually gases at room temperature. So this is an extraordinary property of water. The high specific heat capacity of water is a rare property not usually seen in other substances. This property plays an important role in the role of water within living organisms. Hence all the properties make water an extraordinary substance. Solution Hydrogen bonding takes place only when a hydrogen atom is present, attached to a highly electronegative atom. So this property is not common among substances. Substances of lower molar mass are usually gases at room temperature. So this is an extraordinary property of water. The high specific heat capacity of water is a rare property not usually seen in other substances. This property plays an important role in the role of water within living organisms. Hence all the properties make water an extraordinary substance..

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2. Ligamentum arteriosum: The aortic arch loops over the left pulmonary artery and the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk, to which it remains connected by the ligamentum arteriosum, a remnant of the fetal circulation that is obliterated a few days after birth. 3. Caecum: The cecum is a pouch-like dead-end passage that branches inferiorly from the end of the ileum (end part of small intestine). Fecal matter entering the large intestine from the ileum passes into the cecum before being pushed superiorly into the ascending colon. The appendix is attached to the inferior end of the cecum and is believed to store beneficial bacteria that help break down undigested food. Solution 2. Ligamentum arteriosum: The aortic arch loops over the left pulmonary artery and the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk, to which it remains connected by the ligamentum arteriosum, a remnant of the fetal circulation that is obliterated a few days after birth. 3. Caecum: The cecum is a pouch-like dead-end passage that branches inferiorly from the end of the ileum (end part of small intestine). Fecal matter entering the large intestine from the ileum passes into the cecum before being pushed superiorly into the ascending colon. The appendix is attached to the inferior end of the cecum and is believed to store beneficial bacteria that help break down undigested food..

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The stronger the attractions betweenparticles (molecules or ions), the more difficult it will be toseparate the particles. When substances melt, the particles arestill close to one another but the forces of attraction that heldthe particles rigidly together in the solid state have beensufficiently overcome to allow the particles to move. Whensubstances boil, the particles are completely separated from oneanother and the attractions between molecules are completelyovercome. The energy required to cause substances to melt and toboil, and thus disrupt the forces of attraction, comes from theenvironment surrounding the material. If you place a piece of icein your hand, the ice will melt more quickly than if it is placedon a cold counter top. The energy required to melt the ice comesfrom your hand, your hand gets colder and the ice gets warmer. for ice melting hydrogen bonding for sublimation of ice London forcesAmmoniavaporisation having hydrogen bonding Solution The stronger the attractions betweenparticles (molecules or ions), the more difficult it will be toseparate the particles. When substances melt, the particles arestill close to one another but the forces of attraction that heldthe particles rigidly together in the solid state have beensufficiently overcome to allow the particles to move. Whensubstances boil, the particles are completely separated from oneanother and the attractions between molecules are completelyovercome. The energy required to cause substances to melt and toboil, and thus disrupt the forces of attraction, comes from theenvironment surrounding the material. If you place a piece of icein your hand, the ice will melt more quickly than if it is placedon a cold counter top. The energy required to melt the ice comesfrom your hand, your hand gets colder and the ice gets warmer. for ice melting hydrogen bonding for sublimation of ice London forcesAmmoniavaporisation having hydrogen bonding.

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what is the mean, median, mode and the midrange for : 191, 167,257,195,381,261,235,332,225,245 Solution Mean = Sum of the numbers/n = 3174.6 Median = Since the no of values is 15 which is odd.. the median will be the middle value i.e. 8th value in increasing order = 1479 Mode = Value with the highest frequency = All have the same frequency so all are modes Midrange = ( max + min ) / 2 = (203 + 9822)/2 = 5012.5.

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Disodium malonate is an ionic sodium salt that is soluble in water. Naphthalene is a molecular covalent organic solid that is insoluble in water. To purify, add the mixture to water and stir to dissolve the disodium malonate and then filter. The insoluble naphthalene residue will be trapped in the filter paper, while the pure disodium malonate can be recovered by evaporating the filtrate. Solution Disodium malonate is an ionic sodium salt that is soluble in water. Naphthalene is a molecular covalent organic solid that is insoluble in water. To purify, add the mixture to water and stir to dissolve the disodium malonate and then filter. The insoluble naphthalene residue will be trapped in the filter paper, while the pure disodium malonate can be recovered by evaporating the filtrate..

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They showed that GFP protein could be expressed in the organisms with which they can be used as a gene expression marker and protein localisation. They used GFP in transcriptional fusions to characterize the expression pattern of genes. They used the transformation techniques using DNA encoding GFP. Solution They showed that GFP protein could be expressed in the organisms with which they can be used as a gene expression marker and protein localisation. They used GFP in transcriptional fusions to characterize the expression pattern of genes. They used the transformation techniques using DNA encoding GFP..

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Thepossible mechanism by which a 75kD nuclear protein is imported into teh nucleus includes. In eukaryotic cells the nucleus is physically separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane structure, the nuclear envelope (NE). The NE is crossed by multiple supramolecular structures specialized in mediating the bidirectional traffic of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. These structures are designated the nuclear pore complex (NPC), (Freitas, 2009). Thus the nuclear pore complex (NPC), perhaps the largest protein complex in the cell, is responsible for the protected exchange of components between the nucleus and cytoplasm and for preventing the transport of material not destined to cross the nuclear envelope(UIUC). Transport Cycle.In order to pass through the NPC, a large molecule (cargo) i.e. theteh cargo proteinmust associate with another protein called a transport receptor. These transport receptors then act as chaperones which shuttle cargo through the NPC. Recognition by the transport receptor takes place via a specific sequence of amino acids in the cargo protein. Besides cargo and transport receptors, the third ingredient necessary for nuclear transport is the signaling protein Ran, which hydrolyzes GTP. Ran is responsible for regulating the interaction of transport receptor and cargo and RanGDP/RanGTP concentration gradients across the nuclear envelope drive nuclear import and export. Once a transport receptor identifies and binds its cargo, the transport complex may be imported or exported through the NPC. Repeating amino acid sequences involving phenyalanine (F) and glycine (G) have been thoroughly implicated in the process selective import,(UIUC). Solution Thepossible mechanism by which a 75kD nuclear protein is imported into teh nucleus includes. In eukaryotic cells the nucleus is physically separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane structure, the nuclear envelope (NE). The NE is crossed by multiple supramolecular structures specialized in mediating the bidirectional traffic of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. These structures are designated the nuclear pore complex (NPC), (Freitas, 2009). Thus the nuclear pore complex (NPC), perhaps the largest protein complex in the cell, is responsible for the protected exchange of components between the nucleus and cytoplasm and for preventing the transport of material not destined to cross the nuclear envelope(UIUC). Transport Cycle.In order to pass through the NPC, a large molecule (cargo) i.e. theteh cargo proteinmust associate with another protein called a transport receptor. These transport receptors then act as chaperones which shuttle cargo through the NPC. Recognition by the transport receptor takes place via a specific sequence of amino acids in the cargo protein. Besides cargo and transport receptors, the third ingredient necessary for nuclear transport is the signaling protein Ran, which hydrolyzes GTP. Ran is responsible for regulating the inter.

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The neurons are nervous cells which play the central role in generating, holding and transmitting information across the body. The information as we perceive is a physico-physiological aspect of our reaction to an action but it is comprised of a complex set of cytological, electro-chemical and bio-molecular state of entitites. To be specific, the mode of action of neurons can be functionally understood as: The neurons comprise of a complex set of neurological membranes and ion-channels. When a stimulus is experienced by the body/brain, it changes the bio-chemical nature/concentrations of various electrically stimulated ions present inside the neurons and outside their perphery. This causes generation of a local ionic gradient in the neurons which further drives physical activity of the neuron. The neurological membranes play important role in relay of information. These membranes help in relay of these biochemical signals across various neurological membranes and thus transit this information from one neuron to another via a matrix between the two, called synapse. This process takes place in a very small fraction of seconds so that an immediate and appropriate reaction could be made. Thus, a neurological cell holds the information by means of generation of a local bio-chemical potential and ionic gradient and relays/moves this information by means of channelizing these local gradients in the form of electro-chemical signals from one neuron to the other through synapse. Solution The neurons are nervous cells which play the central role in generating, holding and transmitting information across the body. The information as we perceive is a physico-physiological aspect of our reaction to an action but it is comprised of a complex set of cytological, electro-chemical and bio-molecular state of entitites. To be specific, the mode of action of neurons can be functionally understood as: The neurons comprise of a complex set of neurological membranes and ion-channels. When a stimulus is experienced by the body/brain, it changes the bio-chemical nature/concentrations of various electrically stimulated ions present inside the neurons and outside their perphery. This causes generation of a local ionic gradient in the neurons which further drives physical activity of the neuron. The neurological membranes play important role in relay of information. These membranes help in relay of these biochemical signals across various neurological membranes and thus transit this information from one neuron to another via a matrix between the two, called synapse. This process takes place in a very small fraction of seconds so that an immediate and appropriate reaction could be made. Thus, a neurological cell holds the information by means of generation of a local bio-chemical potential and ionic gradient and relays/moves this information by means of channelizing these local gradients in the form of electro-chemical signals from one neuron to the other through synapse..

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The impact of Brexit would be visible on the financial instituations of US and Europe. The impact would be shorter and longer term both. The biggest of all is the uncertainty it has created. So at first the financial firms would hold on to the likely investments they are going to make in UK as they would go in wait and watch mode. Also they are likely going to wrap up the operations or shift their base from UK to other European country assuming that the base operations caters primarily to the European nations. This also leads to a number of Mergers and acquisitions as the valuations of a lot of businesses would turn attractive due to currency depreciation. Solution The impact of Brexit would be visible on the financial instituations of US and Europe. The impact would be shorter and longer term both. The biggest of all is the uncertainty it has created. So at first the financial firms would hold on to the likely investments they are going to make in UK as they would go in wait and watch mode. Also they are likely going to wrap up the operations or shift their base from UK to other European country assuming that the base operations caters primarily to the European nations. This also leads to a number of Mergers and acquisitions as the valuations of a lot of businesses would turn attractive due to currency depreciation..

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The alkaline earth metals burn in oxygen to form the monoxide, MO which, except for BeO, have rock-salt structure (BeO has wurtzite structure). The BeO is essentially covalent in nature. The enthalpies of formation of these oxides are quite high and consequently they are very stable to heat. BeO is amphoteric while oxides of other elements are ionic in nature. All these oxides except BeO are basic in nature and react with water to form sparingly soluble hydroxides. Solution The alkaline earth metals burn in oxygen to form the monoxide, MO which, except for BeO, have rock-salt structure (BeO has wurtzite structure). The BeO is essentially covalent in nature. The enthalpies of formation of these oxides are quite high and consequently they are very stable to heat. BeO is amphoteric while oxides of other elements are ionic in nature. All these oxides except BeO are basic in nature and react with water to form sparingly soluble hydroxides..

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The code you written is little bit confusing and lengthy. Here is the efficient code to your problem. import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Scanner; public class ZooMonitor { private static Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in); public static void main(String[] args) { int choice; while(true){ System.out.println(\"------ Menu ------\"); System.out.println(\"1. Monitor an animal\"); System.out.println(\"2. Monitor a habitat\"); System.out.println(\"3. Exit\"); choice=scanner.nextInt(); switch(choice){ case 1: monitorAnimal(); break; case 2: monitorHabitat(); break; case 3: System.exit(0); default: System.out.println(\"Invalid Input\"); } } } public static void monitorAnimal(){ int choice; BufferedReader br = null; int count=0; Map animals=new HashMap(); System.out.println(\"------ Animals ------\"); try { String sCurrentLine; br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(\"animals.txt\")); while ((sCurrentLine = br.readLine()) != null) { if(sCurrentLine.startsWith(\"Details\")){ String animal=sCurrentLine.split(\" \")[2]; System.out.println(++count+\". \"+animal); animals.put(count, animal); } } br.close(); br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(\"animals.txt\")); System.out.println(\"Enter choice : \"); choice=scanner.nextInt(); String selectedAnimal=animals.get(choice); if(selectedAnimal!=null){ while ((sCurrentLine = br.readLine()) != null) { if(sCurrentLine.startsWith(\"Animal\")&&(sCurrentLine.split(\" \")[2].equalsIgnoreCase(selectedAnimal)||selectedAnimal.startsWith(sCurrentLine.split(\" \")[2].toLowerCase()))){ for(int i=0;i<5;i++){ if(sCurrentLine.startsWith(\"*\")) System.err.println(sCurrentLine.substring(5)); else System.out.println(sCurrentLine); sCurrentLine=br.readLine(); } } } } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (br != null)br.close(); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } } public static void monitorHabitat(){ int choice; BufferedReader br = null; int count=0; Map habitats=new HashMap(); System.out.println(\"------ Habitats ------\"); try { String sCurrentLine; br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(\"habitats.txt\")); while ((sCurrentLine = br.readLine()) != null) { if(sCurrentLine.startsWith(\"Details\")){ String habitat=sCurrentLine.split(\" \")[2]; System.out.println(++count+\". \"+habitat); habitats.put(count, habitat); } } br.close(); br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(\"habitats.txt\")); System.out.println(\"Enter choice : \"); choice=scanner.nextInt(); String selectedAnimal=habitats.get(choice); if(selectedAnimal!=null){ while ((sCurrentLine = br.readLine()) != null) { if(sCurrentLine.startsWith(\"Habitat\")&&(sCurrentLine.split(\" \")[2].equalsIgnoreCase(selectedAnimal)||selectedAnimal.startsWith(sCurrentLine.split(\" \")[2].toLowerCase()))){ for(int i=0;i<4;i++){ if(sCurrentLine.startsWith(\"*\")) System.err.println(sCurrentLine.substring(5)); else System.out..

The code you written is little bit confusing and lengthy. Here is th.pdf

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7. Answer is A. Cytochromes are protien containing iron or heme groups and function as electron transfer agents in many metabolic pathways in mitochondria and chloroplasts. It doesn\'t pump ATP, It doesn\'t has sulfur groups and it doesn\'t reduce oxygen to water. 8. Answer is B. Pyruvate to is converted to acetyl-coA by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. First Pyruvate is decarboxylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase with help from TPP. Then dihydrolipoyl transacetylase with cofactor lipoamide oxidizes hydroxyethyl- to acetyl- and then transfers acetyl- to CoA, forming acetyl-CoA. Finally dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase oxidizes the thiol groups of the dihydrolipoamide back to lipoamide reducing NAD to NADH. 9. Answer is E. The strongest oxidizing agent is oxygen, the oxidation of reduced NADH by oxygen has potential difference of 1.136 V; the electron flow will be from the most negative system, which is the couple NAD+/NADH, to the least negative system which is the couple O2/H2O. Thus the oxidation of the reduced form, NADH,oxygen is a spontaneous and a slow reaction, unless enzymes are present to catalyze the reaction. Solution 7. Answer is A. Cytochromes are protien containing iron or heme groups and function as electron transfer agents in many metabolic pathways in mitochondria and chloroplasts. It doesn\'t pump ATP, It doesn\'t has sulfur groups and it doesn\'t reduce oxygen to water. 8. Answer is B. Pyruvate to is converted to acetyl-coA by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. First Pyruvate is decarboxylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase with help from TPP. Then dihydrolipoyl transacetylase with cofactor lipoamide oxidizes hydroxyethyl- to acetyl- and then transfers acetyl- to CoA, forming acetyl-CoA. Finally dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase oxidizes the thiol groups of the dihydrolipoamide back to lipoamide reducing NAD to NADH. 9. Answer is E. The strongest oxidizing agent is oxygen, the oxidation of reduced NADH by oxygen has potential difference of 1.136 V; the electron flow will be from the most negative system, which is the couple NAD+/NADH, to the least negative system which is the couple O2/H2O. Thus the oxidation of the reduced form, NADH,oxygen is a spontaneous and a slow reaction, unless enzymes are present to catalyze the reaction..

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A and C. RGB analog component video uses no compression, imposes no real limit on color depth and resolution, requires a large amount of bandwidth to carry a signal, and is being superseded by DVI and HDMI, which provide better clarity. Solution A and C. RGB analog component video uses no compression, imposes no real limit on color depth and resolution, requires a large amount of bandwidth to carry a signal, and is being superseded by DVI and HDMI, which provide better clarity..

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Public key authentication is the most secure colution and utilizes a public key cryptography(PKI) system, using both public and private keys.A PKI is certainly the easiest solution from the users prespective.It mainly supports the distribution and identification of public encryption keys, enabling users and computers to both securely exchange data over networks such as the internet and verify the identity of the other party. Without PKI , sensitive information can still be encrypted ( ensuring confidentiality) and exchanged but there would be no assurance of the identity(authentication) of the other party. Any form of sensitive data exchanged over the internet is relianton PKI for security. Elements of PKI A typical PKI consists of hardware, software , policies and standards to manage the creation,admisinstration , distribution and revocation of keys and digital certificates. Digital certificates are at the heart of PKI as they affrim the identity of the certificate subject that bind the identity to the public key contained in the certificate. Following are the elements of the PKI: Certificate Authority (CA) Registration authority A certificate database , it mainly stores the certificate requests and issues and revokes certificates. A certificate store , which resides on a local computer as a place to store issues certificates and private keys. --------------------------************************----------------------------- To connect many distant employees at once, all office locations must be able to access the same network resource. Most time iof we will would house the core infrastucture needed to establish the network, such as the servers and databases. Generally Wide area network (WAN) to connect the remote offices. WAN are used to connect Local area network(LAN) for disparate offices together. However installation and overhead of LNS and WANS is expensive. To over come this Virtual private networks that run over the internet. VPN it mainly provides secure connections between individual users and their organizations network over and their organizations network over the internet, have several upsides. They provide more secure site to site connections. They provide information transfer much faster that WAN\'s and most importantly to small and medimum sized business, VPN\'s are much lessexpensive since you can use a single leased line to the internet for each ofice, cutting down on broadband cost. While VPN\'s are highly recommended and trusted a new technology gaining traction with compaines is the remote desktop. Remote dsktops requires software or an operating system that allows aplications to run remotely on a server, but to be displayed locally simultaneously. This network server hosts remote files and application in a secure location , ensuring your data is never lost , even when something happens to device you are working on. Solution Public key authentication is the most secure colution and utilizes a public key cryptography(PKI) sy.

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