USES & PROPERTIES OF FIBER

1. NAME
MUHAMMAD AHSAAN
DISCIPLINE
TS-01(A)
DATE: 24-03-2016

2. COTTON:
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around
the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the family of Malvaceae. The fibre
is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will tend to
increase the dispersal of the seeds.
PROPERTIES OF COTTON:
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES;
SHAPE:
Fairly uniform in width, 12–20 micrometers;
length varies from 1 cm to 6 cm (½ to 2½ inches);
typical length is 2.2 cm to 3.3 cm (⅞ to 1¼ inches)
ELASTICITY :Relatively it is elastic due to its crystalline polymer system and for this
cause cotton textiles wrinkle and crease readily.
HYDROSCOPIC NATURE : The cotton fibre is because of absorbent, owing to the countless
polar OH groups. In its polymers, these attract water molecules which are also polar.
The hydroscopic nature ordinarily prohibits cotton textile materials from developing
static electricity.
THERMAL PROPERTIES : Cotton is not thermoplastic and hence excessive application of heat
energy reasons the cotton fibre to char and bum, without prior melting.

3. LUSTER: (HIGH).
TENACITY (STRENGTH):
DRY: 3.0–5.0 g/d
WET: 3.3–6.0 g/d
RESILENCY: (LOW)
DENCITY:
1.54–1.56 g/cm³
DIMENSIONAL STABILITY:(good)
MOISTURE ABSORPTION:
raw: conditioned 8.5%
saturation 15–25%
mercerized: conditioned 8.5–10.3%
saturation 15–27%+

4. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
EFFECTS OF ALKALIS : These fibres are resistant to alkalis and are comparatively
unaffected by normal laundering. The resistance is because of the lack of attraction
between the cotton polymers and alkalis.
EFFECT OF ACIDS : Cotton fibres are weakened and destroyed by acids. Acids hydrolyze the
cotton polymer at the glycosidic oxygen atom which connects the two glucose units to
form the cellobiose unit.
EFFECT OF BLEACHES : These fibres are resistant to bleaches and are comparatively
unaffected by normal bleaching agents.
EFFECT OF SUNLIGHT AND WEATHER : The ultra-violet rays of sunlight provide photo
chemical energy whilst the infra-red rays provide heat energy essential to degrade the
cotton polymers in the pressure of atmospheric oxygen, moisture and air pollutants.
COLOR FASTNESS : Cotton is easy to dye and print. The classes of dye which may be used
to color cotton are azoic, direct, reactive, sulphur and vat dyes. The polar polymer
system easily attracts any polar dye molecules into the polar system. Therefore, dye
molecules which can be dispersed in water will be absorbed by the polymer system of
cotton.
MILDEW : Cotton is damaged by fungi. Heat and dampness support the growth of mildew. The
fungi produce a chemical compound which has the power of changing cellulose to glucose.
The fungi feed on the molecules of sugar: Cotton treated with acrylo nitrite is
resistant to mildew.
INSECTS ; Moths and beetles do not change cotton. Silver fish will eat cotton cellulose
especially if heavily starched.

5. USES:
Cotton is used to make a number of textile products. These include terrycloth for highly
absorbent bath towels and robes; denim for blue jeans; cambric, popularly used in the
manufacture of blue work shirts (from which we get the term "blue-collar");
and corduroy, seersucker, and cotton twill. Socks, underwear, and most T-shirts are made
from cotton.
Bed sheets often are made from cotton. Cotton also is used to make yarn used
in crochet and knitting.
Fabric also can be made from recycled or recovered cotton that otherwise would be thrown
away during the spinning, weaving, or cutting process.
While many fabrics are made completely of cotton, some materials blend cotton with other
fibers, including rayon and synthetic fibers such as polyester.
It can either be used in knitted or woven fabrics, as it can be blended with elastine to
make a stretchier thread for knitted fabrics, and apparel such as stretch jeans.

6.  SILK:
Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can
be woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly
offibroin and is produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons.[1] The best-
known silk is obtained from the cocoons of thelarvae of
the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity (sericulture). The
shimmering appearance of silk is due to the triangular prism-like structure of
the silk fibre, which allows silk cloth to refract incoming light at
different angles, thus producing different colors.
PROPERTIES:
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
Silk has a smooth,LUSTURES and soft texture that is not slippery, unlike
many synthetic fibers.
Silk is one of the strongest natural fibers, but it loses up to 20% of its
strength when wet.
It has a good moisture regain of 11%.
Its elasticity is moderate to poor: if elongated even a small amount, it
remains stretched.
Silk is a poor conductor of electricity and thus susceptible to static cling.

7. Unwashed silk chiffon may shrink up to 8% due to a relaxation of the fiber
macrostructure, so silk should either be washed prior to garment construction, or dry
cleaned.
There is almost no gradual shrinkage nor shrinkage due to molecular-level deformation.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
Silk is resistant to most mineral acids, except for sulfuric acid, which dissolves it.
It is yellowed by perspiration. Chlorine bleach will also destroy silk fabrics.
USES:
Silk's absorbency makes it comfortable to wear in warm weather and while active.
Its low conductivity keeps warm air close to the skin during cold weather.
It is often used for clothing such as shirts, ties, blouses, formal dresses, high
fashion clothes,lining, lingerie, pajamas, robes, dress suits, sun dresses and
Eastern folk costumes.
For practical use, silk is excellent as clothing that protects from many
biting insects that would ordinarily pierce clothing, such as mosquitoes and horseflies.
Silk's attractive lustre and drape makes it suitable for many furnishing applications.
It is used for upholstery, wall coverings, window treatments (if blended with another
fiber), rugs, bedding and wall hangings.
While on the decline now, due to artificial fibers, silk has had many industrial and
commercial uses, such as in parachutes, bicycle tires, comforter filling
and artillery gunpowder bags.

8.  LINEN:
 Linen is a very durable, strong fabric, and one of the few that are stronger wet than dry.The fibers
do not stretch, and are resistant to damage from abrasion. However, because linen fibers have a
very low elasticity, the fabric eventually breaks if it is folded and ironed at the same place
repeatedly over time.
 PROPERTIES/CHARACTERISTICS OF LINEN FIBER:
Linen is comfortable, good strength, twice as strong as cotton, hand-washable or dry-cleanable,
crisp hand tailors, well absorbent dyes and prints, well light weight to heavy weight, no static
or pilling problems, fair abrasion resistant etc. Basically there are two types of properties of linen
fibers. One is physical properties and another is chemical properties.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LINEN:
Physical properties of linen fibers are given below:
o TENSILE STRENGTH: Linen is a strong fiber. Linen is a durable fiber, as is two-three times as
strong as cotton. It is second in strength to silk. It gives the same comfort like Cotton fiber.
It has a tenacity of 5.5 to 6.5 gm/den.
o ELONGATION AT BREAK: Linen does not stress easily. It has an elongation at break of 2.7 to
3.5 %.
o COLOR:The color of linen fiber is yellowish to grey.
o LENGTH: 18 to 30 inch in length.
o LUSTURE: It is brighter than cotton fiber and it is slightly silky.

9. o ELASTICITY: Elasticity is the extent to which a fiber can be elongated or stretched and then returned to its
normal condition and size. Linen is the least elastic natural fabric.
o RESILIENCE: Resilience refers to the extent to which a fabric can be deformed by crushing or compressing it,
and finally returning it to its original condition. Linen is quite stiff and wrinkles easily.
o ABSORBENCY: Absorbency refers to the extent to which moisture can penetrate into a fiber.Another linen
property is that the fiber absorbs moisture and dries more quickly. It is excellent for manufacturing towels and
handkerchiefs.
o HEAT CONDUCTIVITY:Heat conductivity refers to the extent to which heat can be conveyed through a fiber.
Heat conductivity of linen is five times as high as that of wool and 19 times as that of silk. It is most suitable for use
in summers, as the fiber allows the heat to escape, leaving a cool effect.Studies have shown that with linen clothes
perspiration is 1.5 times less than when dressed in cotton clothes. It is twice less than when dressed in viscose
clothes. Meanwhile in cold seasons linen is an ideal warmth-keeper.
o COMFORTABLE: Linen is a comfortable fabric. Being a natural vegetable fibers it has huge amount of Air
Porosity hole, which make the linen clothes very comfortable to wear.
o CRISP: The linen fabric has a crisp feel with a distinctive outlook and feel. Linen possesses a natural crispness
when ironed damp. Hence it does not require starching, and has a natural lustre.
o LIGHTWEIGHT/HEAVYWEIGHT:You will find any kind of linen fabric or linen fibers in any weight in the
market.
o GOODABRASION RESISTANT: As the linen fiber is good in strength, it also has good abrasion resistance.
o RESISTANTTO ALLERGY: No kind of allergic reactions are caused using linen and hence it is helpful in
treating a number of allergic disorders.
o ANTI INFLAMMATORY PROPERTY: Linen is helpful in dealing with inflammatory conditions, reducing
fever, regulating air ventilation, in some neurological ailments.
o NO STATIC ELECTRICITY: Another property of linen is that it does not accumulate static electricity.Since line
is made of flax, even a small addition of flax fibers to a cloth is sufficient to reduce or eliminate the static electricity
effect.

10.  CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
o Chemical properties of the linen fiber are given below:
o EFFECT OF ACIDS: Linen fiber is damaged by highly densified acids but low dense acids does not
affect if it is wash instantly after application of acids.
o EFFECTS OFALKALIS: Linen has an excellent resistance to alkalis. It does not affected by the
strong alkalis.
o EFFECTS OF BLEACHINGAGENTS: Cool chlorine and hypo-chlorine bleaching agent does not
affect the linen fiber properties.
o EFFECT OF ORGANIC SOLVENT: Linen fiber has high resistance to normal cleaning solvents.
o EFFECT OF MICRO ORGANISM: Linen fiber is attacked by fungi and bacteria. Mildews will feed
on linen fabric, rotting and weakling the materials. Mildews and bacteria will flourish on linen
under hot and humid condition.They can be protected by impregnation with certain types of
chemicals. Copper Nepthenate is one of the chemical.
o EFFECTS OF INSECTS: Linen fiber does not attacked by moth-grubs or beetles.
o DYES: It is not suitable to dye. But it can be dye by direct and vat dyes.

11. Major End Uses :
 Apparel dresses:
o suits, separates, skirts,
o jackets, pants, blouses, shirts,
o children's wear etc.
 Home Fashion :
o curtains,
o draperies,
o upholstery,
o bedspreads,
o table linens,
o sheets,
o dish towels etc.

12.  WOOL:
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOL:
o TENACITY:
Wool is a complicated weak fibre.The low tensile strength is because of comparatively fewer
hydrogen bonds.When it absorbs moisture, the water molecules steadily force sufficient polymers
apart to cause a significant number of hydrogen bonds to break.
o ELASTICITY AND RESILIENCY:
This is elastic and resilient. Covalent bonds can stretch, but they are strong.The disulphide bonds
in the amorphous parts of the strand or fibre are able to stretch when the strand is extended.
When the strand is released the disulphide bonds pull the protein molecules back into their
original positions.
o HYDROSCOPIC NATURE:
It has the very absorbent nature because of the polarity of the peptide group, the salt linkages
and the amorphous nature of the polymer system.The peptide groups and salt linkages easily
attract water molecules which enter the amorphous polymer system of the fibre. In comparatively
dry weather wool may develop static electricity.This is since these are hot enough.Water
molecules in the polymer system support to distribute any static electricity which might develop.
o DENSITY:
It has a comparatively low density and therefore fibres are light with regard to their visible
weight.
o CONDUCTIVITY OF HEAT:
It has a low conductivity of heat and therefore makes it ideal for cold weather.The resiliency of the fibre is
significant in the warmth properties of the fabric. Wool fibres do not pack well in yarns because of
the crimp and scales, and this makes wool fabric process and capable of inserting much air. Air is
one of the best insulators since it keeps body heat close to the body.The medulla of the wool fibre
comprises air spaces that increase the insulating power of the fibre.

13. o DIMENSIONAL STABILITY:
It has poor dimensional stability and therefore shrinks easily. Felting or shrinkage results since
under mechanical action, such as agitation, friction and pressure in the presence of heat and
moisture, it tends to move root wards, and the edges of the scales interlock prohibiting the fibre
from returning to its original position.This results in the fabric becoming thicker and smaller, that
is it shrinks or felts.
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
o EFFECT OF ACIDS:
Concentrated acids damage it since they hydrolyze the salt linkages and hydrogen bonds. Dilute
acids do not affect it.
o EFFECT OF ALKALI:
It easily dissolves in alkaline solutions. Alkalis hydrolyze the disulphide bonds; hydrogen bonds and
salt lnkages of wool and cause the polymers to separate from each other.
o EFFECT OF BLEACH:
Chlorine bleach is ordinary harmful to the wool. KMnO4, Na2O2 are utilized for bleaching.
o EFFECT OF SUNLIGHTANDWEATHER:
Effect of sunlight’s ultra-violate radiation tends to yellow white or dull colored fabrics.The ultra-
violate cause the peptide and disulphide bonds to sever.This leads to polymer degradation
products on the surface of the fibre. As a consequence the strand not only absorbs more light but
scatters the incident light to a greater extent.The prolonged exposure to sunlight weakens the
fibres very much.
o COLORFASTNESS:
Like cotton wool is easy to dye. Acid dyes, chrome and mordant dyes are utilized to dye this.The
dye molecules are attracted into the amorphous areas of wool.

14.  END USES OFWOOL:
o • Apparel-- outerwear, sports wear, sweaters, socks, suits
o • Interiors-- carpets, wall hangings
o • Industrial-- felt pieces used in machines, used to clean up oil spills

15. JUTE:
o Jute fibre has some unique physical properties like high tenacity, bulkiness, sound &
heat insulation property, low thermal conductivity, antistatic property etc. Due to
these qualities, jute fibre is more suited for the manufacture of technical textiles in
certain specific areas. Moreover, the image of jute as a hard and unattractive fibre
does not affect its usage in technical textiles.
 PROPERTIES OF JUTE FIBER:
o Jute fibre is 100% bio-degradable and recyclable and thus environmentally friendly.
o Jute is a natural fibre with golden and silky shine and hence called The Golden Fibre.
o Jute is the cheapest vegetable fibre procured from the bast or skin of the plant's stem.
o It is the second most important vegetable fibre after cotton, in terms of usage, global
consumption, production, and availability.
o It has high tensile strength, low extensibility, and ensures better breathability of
fabrics. Therefore, jute is very suitable in agricultural commodity bulk packaging.
o It helps to make best quality industrial yarn, fabric, net, and sacks. It is one of the
most versatile natural fibres that has been used in raw materials for packaging,
textiles, non-textile, construction, and agricultural sectors. Bulking of yarn results in a
reduced breaking tenacity and an increased breaking extensibility when blended as a
ternary blend.

16.  USESOF JUTE FIBER:
o Jute is the second most important vegetable fibre after cotton; not only for cultivation, but also
for various uses.
Jute is used chiefly to make cloth for wrapping bales of raw cotton, and to make sacks and coarse
cloth.
o The fibres are also woven into curtains, chair coverings, carpets, area rugs, hessian cloth, and
backing for linoleum.
o While jute is being replaced by synthetic materials in many of these uses, some uses take
advantage of jute's biodegradable nature, where synthetics would be unsuitable.
o Jute butts, the coarse ends of the plants, are used to make inexpensive cloth.
o Traditionally jute was used in traditional textile machineries as textile fibres having cellulose
(vegetable fibre content) and lignin (wood fibre content). But, the major breakthrough came when
the automobile, pulp and paper, and the furniture and bedding industries started to use jute and
its allied fibres with their non-woven and composite technology to manufacture nonwovens,
technical textiles, and composites.
o Jute can be used to create a number of fabrics such as Hessian cloth, sacking, scrim, carpet
backing cloth (CBC), and canvas.
o Hessian, lighter than sacking, is used for bags, wrappers, wall-coverings, upholstery, and home
furnishings.
o Sacking, a fabric made of heavy jute fibres, has its use in the name.
o Diversified jute products are becoming more and more valuable to the consumer today. Among
these are espadrilles, floor coverings, home textiles, high performance technical textiles,
Geotextiles, composites, and more.
o Jute is also used in the making of ghillie suits which are used as camouflage and resemble grasses
or brush

17. POLYESTER:
Polyester is a category of polymers that contain the ester functional group in their
main chain. As a specific material, it most commonly refers to a type
called polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyesters include naturally occurring
chemicals, such as in the cutin of plant cuticles, as well as synthetics through step-
growth polymerization such as polybutyrate. Natural polyesters and a few synthetic ones
are biodegradable, but most synthetic polyesters are not. This material is used very
widely in clothing
PROPERTIES OF POLYESTER:
Strong.
Resistant to stretching and shrinking.
Resistant to most chemicals.
Quick drying.
Crisp and resilient when wet or dry.
Wrinkle resistant.
Mildew resistant.
Abrasion resistant.
Retains heat-set pleats and crease.
Easily washed.
1- CUT LENGTH:
Cut lengths available are 32, 38, 44, 51 and 64mm for cotton type spinning and a blend
of 76, 88 and 102 mm - average cut length of 88m for worsted spinning. The most common
cut length is 38 mm.

18. 2-TENSILE STRENGTH :
Polyester filaments and staple fibre are strong due to their crystalline nature.The crystalline
nature permits for the formation of highly effectiveVander wall’s forces as well as since hydrogen
bonds which provided the fibre its good tenacity.The tenacity remains unchanged when wet since
the fibre resists the entry of water molecules to a significant extent.
Polyester fibers are available in 4 tenacity levels.
Low pill fibres- usuall in 2.0 / 3.0 D for suiting enduse with tenacities of 3.0 to 3.5 gpd(grams per
denier).These fibres are generally used on worsted system and 1.4D for knitting
MediumTenacity - 4.8 to 5.0 gpd
HighTenacity - 6.0 to 6.4 gpd range and
Super high tenacity - 7.0 gpd and above
 ELASTIC PLASTIC NATURE:
The very crystallinity of the fibre prevents wrinkling and creasing. Repeated stretching and
straining causes, distortion of the polymer system as theVander wall’s forces cannot withstand
much stretching.
 HYGROSCOPIC NATURE:
Filaments and staple fibres are hydrophobic.The lack of polarity and the very crystalline structure
resists the entry of water molecules into the polymer system.The hydrophobic nature of the
polymer system attracts fats, greases, oils, acid or any other greasy soils. It is believed to be
oleophilic.The oleophilic nature makes it not easy to remove grease by soap but by dry-cleaning
with organic solvents.
 THERMAL PROPERTIES:
It is a poor heat conductor and it has low resistance to heat. It melts on heating. Polyester textile
materials can be permanently heat-set. It is a thermoplastic fibre meaning that it is capable of
being shaped or turned when heated.Thermoplastic fibres heated under strictly controlled
temperatures soften and can then be made to similar to a flat, creased or pleated configuration.
When cooled thermoplastic fibres retain the new configuration.

19.  CHEMICAL PROPERTIESOF POLYESTER
o EFFECT OF ACIDS:These polymers are resistant to acids.
o EFFETC OF ALKALIS:Alkaline conditions as seen in laundering hydrolyse the ester groups in
polyester polymers.The crystalline nature prohibits hydrolysis to a greater extent and it is the
surface of filament which gets hydrolysed. Continued laundering results in hydrolysis and
materials get fewer as the surface film of the fibre gets lost.
o EFFECT OF BLEACHES: It does nor requie bleaching. It retains its whiteness and requires only
chlorine bleaches to be used when essential.
o SUNLIGHT: It withstands the sun’s ultra-violate radiations and is resistant to acidic pollutants in
atmosphere.
o COLOR FASTNESS: It is not easy for dye molecule to penetrate the fibre when dyed, it retains its
color after regular wash.
o MICRO-ORGANISMS: It is resistant to bacteria and other micro-organisms.

20.  USES OF POLYESTER
1.Woven and Knitted Fabrics, especially blends.
2. Conveyor belts, tyre cords, tarpaulines etc.
3. For filling pillows
4. For paper making machine
5. Insulating tapes
6. Hose pipe with rubber or PVC
7. Ropes, fish netting and sail cloth.

21.  NYLON:
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES.
o Tenacity: 4-9 gm/den (dry), in wet 90% of dry.
o Elasticity: Breaking extension is 20-40%.
o Stiffness: 20-40 gm/den.
o Moisture regain: 3.5-5%; (not absorbent due to crystallinity).
o Specific gravity: 1.14.
o Abrasion resistance: Excellent.
o Dimensional stability: Good.
o Resiliency: Excellent.
o Softening point: Nylon 6,6 – 2290C, Nylon 6 – 1490C.
o Melting point: Nylon 6,6 – 2520C, Nylon 6 – 2150C.
o Hand feel: Soft and smooth.

22.  CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
o EFFECT OF BLEACHES:The nylon fabrics are white and generally do not require bleaching.The
nylon fabrics which pick up colour or develop greying should be bleached with oxidising bleaches
such as hydrogen peroxide.
SHRINKAGE: Nylon fabrics retain their shape and appearance after washing. It has good stability
and does not shrink.
EFFECT OF HEAT: Nylon should always be ironed at low temperatures. Using hot iron will result in
glazing and then melting of the fabric.
EFFECT OF LIGHT: Nylon fabrics have low resistance to sun light.They are not suitable for
curtains or draperies as it is weakened by the exposure to sun light.
RESISTANCETO MILDEW: Nylon fabrics have absolute resistance to the development of mildew.
RESISTANCETO INSECTS: Nylon is resistance to the moths and fungi.
REACTIONTO ALKALIS: Nylon has excellent resistance to alkali's but the frequent and prolonged
exposures to alkalis will weaken the nylon fabrics.
REACTIONTO ACIDS: Nylon is less resilient to the action of acids and is damaged by strong acids.
AFFINITY FOR DYES: Nylon can be easily dyed with a wider range of dyes.The dyed fabrics retain
their colour and have good resistance to fading.
RESISTANCETO PERSPIRATION: Nylon fabrics are resistant to perspiration.

23.  USES OF NYLON:
o Apparel use
o High tenacity nylons are used for parachute fabrics, cords and ropes. Having good dimensional
stability, are used for ladies gloves, ladies hose, under wear, swimming wear, stocking, hosiery
fabric etc.
o Domestic use
o It is used for home furnishing, in carpets, in upholstery and in ropes and cords.
o Industrial use
o In finishing nets, tire cords, filtering cloths, sewing threads, tow ropes are made of Nylon. It is used
in manufacturing of belts of various machines (Flat belt,V-belts).

24.  ACRYLIC:
Acrylic fibers are synthetic fibers made from a polymer (polyacrylonitrile) with an average
molecular weight of ~100,000, about 1900 monomer units.To be called acrylic in the U.S, the
polymer must contain at least 85% acrylonitrile monomer.Typical co monomers are vinyl acetate
or methyl acrylate. DuPont created the first acrylic fibers in 1941 and trademarked them under the
name Orlon. Acrylic is also called acrilan fabric. It was first developed in the mid-1940s but was not
produced in large quantities until the 1950s.
 PROPERTIES:
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
o LENGTH: The length of the acrylic fibre can be controlled.That means, it may be in filament or
staple form.
o FINENESS : Fineness of this fibre is also controllable.The filament yarns are made 75 to 200
denier ranges while staple fibres are made 2 and 3 denier cut into 1.5”, 2”, 3” and 4” length.
o STRENGTHAND EXTENSION : It is fairly strong fibre. Its tenacity is 5 gm per denier in dry
state and 4.8 gm per denier in wet state. Extension at break is 15%. Good recovery from
deformation.
o ELASTICITY: It has an elastic recovery of 85% after 4% extension when the load is extremely
released.
o CROSS-SECTIONAL SHAPE: Normally round but cross-section of this fibre could be varied.
o APPEARANCE:It is about 30% bulkier than wool. Regarding insulating warmth, it has about 20%
greater insulating power than wool.

25.  CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
o EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL:
o ACID: It has good resistance to mineral acid.
o ALKALI: The resistance to weak alkali is fairly good but hot strong alkali damages this fibre.
o SOLVENT: It has excellent resistance to common solvents, oils, greases, and natural salts.
o WATER: moisture regain of this fibre varies from 1.5% to 3%. Easy to wash and quick drying.
o EFFECT OF HEAT AND SUNLIGHT:
This fiber has very good thermal stability. Safe ironing temperature is at 1600C. At 230 – 2350C
acrylic sticks with the iron i.e. melting occurs. High temperature may sometime causes yellowing
of this fibre.
o EFFECT OF BIOLOGICALAGENTS:
This fibre is unaffected by mildew, moulds, larves and insects.

26.  END USE:
o 100% acrylic is used mainly in sweater, jersey, knit outer wear fabric and blankets.
o It is used as a blend component with cotton, viscose, wool etc. It has good warmth and recovery
property.
o It is also used for making carpet due to good resiliency property. Acrylic fabrics are used for
making various clothings, home furnishings and other items.
o They also find application in industries due to their high performance values. Acrylic Fabrics are
mostly used to make such garments that need to make the wearer more and more comfortable
through moisture management such as outerwear pile fabrics, thermalunderwears, socks &
tights, sweaters and sleepwear.
o They are also used in making home furnishings like carpets, rugs, upholstery, cushions, blankets,
pile sheets, etc.
o Their industrial application is in manufacturing of felts for paper making, filter cloth, alternative
asbestos,tents, sheet, etc.
o They are also used for making rag doll, toys, auxiliary tapes for bags, braids, cloth for bags, wigs,
etc.