This document discusses Pascal's principle and its applications. It explains that Pascal's principle states that pressure in a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions. It then provides the equation for calculating the force multiplier in a hydraulic system based on the ratio of the input and output piston areas. As an example, it describes how a hydraulic car lift uses Pascal's principle to multiply force, allowing a small force applied to the small cylinder to lift a heavy vehicle a short distance by transmitting the pressure through the fluid over a greater distance in the large cylinder.

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6. Transmission of Pressure in a
Liquid
1. Liquids are practically incompressible.
2. The compression force causes pressure to
act on the surface of the water.
3. Pascal’s principle states that in a confined
fluid, an externally applied pressure is
transmitted uniformly in all direction.
Pressure = Force (compression)
Surface area of liquid

7. 4. In a hydraulic system, Pascal’s principle is
applied as a force multiplier. The force
multiplier of a hydraulic system can be
represented by the equation:
Output force = Output piston area
Input force Input piston area
Transmission of Pressure in a
Liquid

10. Applications of Pascal’s
Principle

11. APPLICATION
• A hydraulic lift for automobiles is
an example of a force multiplied by
hydraulic press, based on Pascal's
principle. The fluid in the small
cylinder must be moved much
further than the distance the car is
lifted.

13. For example, if the lift cylinder were 25
cm in diameter and the small cylinder
were 1.25 cm in diameter, then the ratio
of the areas is 400, so the hydraulic
press arrangement gives a multiplication
of 400 times the force. To lift a 6000
newton car, you would have to exert only
6000 N/400 = 15 N on the fluid in the
small cylinder to lift the car. However,
to lift the car 10 cm, you would have to
move the oil 400 x 10cm = 40 meters.
This is practical by pumping oil into this
small cylinder with a small compressor.