COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING / 18ME72

1. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING
Course Code 18ME72 CIE Marks 40
Teaching Hours / Week (L:T:P) 3:0:0 SEE Marks 60
Credits 03 Exam Hours 03
[AS PER CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) SCHEME]
SEMESTER – VII
Dr. Mohammed Imran
B. E. IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

2. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING
Course Code 18ME72 CIE Marks 40
Teaching Hours / Week (L:T:P) 3:0:0 SEE Marks 60
Credits 03 Exam Hours 03
[AS PER CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) SCHEME]
SEMESTER – VII
Dr. Mohammed Imran
B. E. IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

3. Module-1
 Introduction to CIM and Automation: Automation in Production Systems,
automated manufacturing systems- types of automation, reasons for
automating, Computer Integrated Manufacturing, computerized elements of
a CIM system, CAD/CAM and CIM. Mathematical models and matrices:
production rate, production capacity, utilization and availability,
manufacturing lead time, work-in- process, numerical problems.
Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering Design
manufacturing lead time, work-in- process, numerical problems.
 Automated Production Lines and Assembly Systems: Fundamentals,
system configurations, applications, automated flow lines, buffer storage,
control of production line, analysis of transfer lines, analysis of flow lines
without storage, partial automation, analysis of automated flow lines with
storage buffer, fundamentals of automated assembly systems, numericals.
10 Hours
Dr. Mohammed Imran

4. Text Books:
 Automation, Production
Systems and Computer-
Integrated
Manufacturing, Mikell P
Groover, 4 th
Edition,2015.
Dr. Mohammed Imran
Edition,2015.
 CAD / CAM Principles
and Applications, P N
Rao, 3 rd edition.
 CAD/CAM/CIM, Dr. P.
Radhakrishnan, 3 rd
edition. Dr. Mohammed Imran

5. Module-1
Chapter-2 Automated Production Lines and Assembly Systems:
 Fundamentals,
 System configurations,
 Applications,
 Automated flow lines,
 Buffer storage,
 Control of production line,
 Analysis of transfer lines,
 Analysis of flow lines without storage,
 Partial automation,
 Analysis of automated flow lines with storage buffer,
 Fundamentals of automated assembly systems,
 Numericals.
Dr. Mohammed Imran

6. Module-1
Chapter-1 Introduction to CIM and Automation:
 Automation in Production Systems,
 Automated manufacturing systems- types of automation,
 Reasons for automating,
 Computer Integrated Manufacturing,
Computer Integrated Manufacturing,
 Computerized elements of a CIM system,
 CAD/CAM and CIM.
 Mathematical models and matrices:
 Production rate,
 Production capacity,
 Utilization and availability,
 Manufacturing lead time,
 Work-in- process,
 Numerical problems. Dr. Mohammed Imran

7. Chapter-1 Introduction to CIM and Automation
 Introduction to CAD/CAM
 Computer-aided design (CAD) can be defined as the use of
computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis,
or optimization of a design.
 The computer systems consist of the hardware and software to
perform the specialized design functions required by the particular
user firm.
user firm.
 The CAD hardware typically includes the computer, one or more
graphics display terminals, keyboards, and other peripheral
equipment.
 The CAD software consists of the computer programs to implement
computer graphics on the system plus application programs to
facilitate the engineering functions of the user company.
 Examples of these application programs include stress-strain
analysis of components, dynamic response of mechanisms, heat-
transfer calculations, and numerical control part programming.
Dr. Mohammed Imran

8. Introduction to CAD/CAMD
 Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) can be defined as the use of
computer systems to plan, manage, and control the operations of a
manufacturing plant through either direct or indirect computer interface with
the plant's production resources. As indicated by the definition, the
applications of computer-aided manufacturing fall into two broad
categories:
Computer monitoring and control. These
are the direct applications in which the
are the direct applications in which the
computer is connected directly to the
manufacturing process for the purpose of
monitoring or controlling the process called
observation process
Manufacturing support applications.
These are the indirect applications in which
the computer is used in support of the
production operations in the plant, but
there is no direct interface between the
computer and the manufacturing process. It
both observation and production process
Figure 1. Computer monitoring versus
computer control: (a) computer monitoring;
(b) computer control
Dr. Mohammed Imran

9. Product Cycle
FIGURE 2. Product cycle (design and manufacturing).
Dr. Mohammed Imran

10. Production System
A production system is a collection of people,
equipment, and procedures organized to
perform the manufacturing operations of a
company. It consists of two major components
as indicated in Figure 3
 Facilities. The physical facilities of the
production system include the equipment,
production system include the equipment,
the way the equipment is laid out, and the
factory in which the equipment is located.
 Manufacturing support systems. These
are the procedures used by the company
to manage production and to solve the
technical and logistics problems
encountered in ordering materials, moving
the work through the factory, and ensuring
that products meet quality standards.
Product design and certain business
functions are included in the manufacturing
support systems.
Figure. 3 The production system consists
of facilities and manufacturing support
systems.
Dr. Mohammed Imran

11. 1. Automation in Production Systems
Some components of the firm’s
production system are likely to
be automated, whereas others
will be operated manually or
clerically. The automated
elements of the production
elements of the production
system can be separated into
two categories:
1. Automation of the
manufacturing systems in the
factory, and
2. Computerization of the
manufacturing support
systems.
Figure. 4 Automation in Production Systems and
Opportunities for (a) automation and
(b) computerization in a production system
Dr. Mohammed Imran

12. 2. Automated manufacturing systems
Automated manufacturing systems operate in the factory on the physical
product. They perform operations such as processing, assembly, inspection,
and material handling, in many cases accomplishing more than one of these
operations in the same system. They are called automated because they
perform their operations with reduced level of human participation
compared with the corresponding manual process.
 In some highly automated systems, there is virtually no human
 In some highly automated systems, there is virtually no human
participation.
 Automated machine tools that process parts
 Transfer lines that perform a series of machining operations
 Automated assembly systems
 Manufacturing systems that use industrial robots to perform processing or assembly
operations
 Automatic material handling and storage systems to integrate manufacturing
operations
 Automatic inspection systems for quality control
Dr. Mohammed Imran

13. 3. Types of automation
 Automated manufacturing systems can be classified
into three basic types:
1) Fixed Automation,
2) Programmable Automation, and
3) Flexible Automation.
Figure.5 Three types of automation
relative to production quantity and
product variety
Dr. Mohammed Imran

14. 4. Reasons for automating
Companies undertake projects in automation and computer-
integrated manufacturing for good reasons, some of which are
the following:
 Increase labor productivity.
 Reduce labor cost.
 Moderate the effects of labor shortages.
 Moderate the effects of labor shortages.
 Reduce or eliminate routine manual and clerical tasks.
 Improve worker safety.
 Improve product quality.
 Reduce manufacturing lead time.
 Accomplish processes that cannot be done manually.
 Avoid the high cost of not automating.
Dr. Mohammed Imran

15. 5. Computer Integrated Manufacturing
Computer-integrated manufacturing involves the information-
CAD + CAM = CIM
Computer-integrated manufacturing involves the information-
processing activities that provide the data and knowledge
required to successfully produce the product. These activities
are accomplished to implement the four basic manufacturing
support functions identified earlier:
1. Business Functions,
2. Product Design,
3. Manufacturing Planning, And
4. Manufacturing Control.
Manufacturing Support System
Dr. Mohammed Imran

16. 6. Computerized elements of a CIM system
Figure 6. The scope of CAD/CAM and CIM, and the computerized elements of a CIM system.
Dr. Mohammed Imran

17. 7. CAD/CAM and CIM
I) Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM)
it involves the use of computer technology in manufacturing planning and
control. CAM is most closely associated with functions in manufacturing
engineering, such as process planning and numerical control (NC) part
programming. The applications of CAM can be divided into two broad
categories:
II) CAD /CAM
1. Manufacturing planning 2. Manufacturing Control. 1.CAD/CAM denotes the integration of
design and manufacturing activities
design and manufacturing activities
by means of computer systems.
2.The method of manufacturing a
product is a direct function of its
design.
3.As part of the process plan, the NC
part program is generated
automatically by the CAD/CAM
system,
1. Computer-aided process planning
(CAPP).
2. CAD/CAM NC part programming.
3. Computerized machinability data
systems.
4. Computerized work standards.
5. Cost estimating.
6. Production and inventory planning.
7. Computer-aided line balancing.
1. Process monitoring and
control.
2. Quality control
3. Shop floor control.
4. Inventory control.
5. Just-in-time production
systems.
III) Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
Explained in the section 5 and 6 Dr. Mohammed Imran

18. 8. Mathematical models and
matrices:
Various metrics of production performance are defined.
The logical starting point is the cycle time for a unit
operation, from which the production rate for the
operation is derived. These unit operation metrics can be
used to develop measures of performance at the factory
used to develop measures of performance at the factory
level:
 Cycle time and Production rate
 Production capacity,
 Utilization and availability,
 Manufacturing lead time,
 Work-in- process,
 Numerical problems on it
Dr. Mohammed Imran

19. (a) Cycle time TC
For a unit operation, the cycle time TC is the time that
one work unit1 spends being processed or assembled. It
is the time interval between when one work unit begins
processing (or assembly) and when the next unit begins.
T consists of
 TC consists of
 Actual processing time or assembly operation TO (min/pc),
 Work part handling time Th (min/pc), and
 Tool handling time per workpiece Th (min/pc).
As an equation, this can be expressed as:
Dr. Mohammed Imran

20. (b) Production rate
The production rate for a unit production operation is usually expressed as an hourly rate, that
is, work units completed per hour (pc/hr). Consider how the production rate is determined
based on the operation cycle time for the three types of production:
1. Job Shop Production
2. Batch Production
1. Sequential batch production
1. Sequential batch production
2. Simultaneous batch production
3. Mass Production
Figure 7. Types of production
operations: (a) job shop with
production quantity Q = 1,
(b) sequential batch production,
(c) simultaneous batch production,
(d) quantity mass production, and
(e) flow-line mass production.
Key: Proc = process. Dr. Mohammed Imran