Creative Business Incubator Project Report

A graduate project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of science( Honors) in
Architecture.
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
Submitted by:
Marwa Merghani
Supervised by:
T.L. Israa
[February 2022]
CREATIVE BUSINESS INCUBATOR

‫ميحرلا نمحرلا هللا‬ ‫بسم‬
(
َ‫ُو‬‫ه‬َ‫و‬ ۖ ٍ‫ء‬ ْ َ
‫َش‬ َّ ُ
‫ُك‬ َ
‫ق‬َ‫و‬َ‫خ‬َ‫و‬ ۖ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫اح‬ َ
‫ض‬ َُّ‫َل‬ ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٌَ
‫َل‬َ‫و‬ َُ
‫َل‬ ُ‫ون‬ُ‫ك‬ٍَ َّٰ
‫َّن‬َ‫أ‬ۖ ِ
‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ ْ
‫اْل‬َ‫و‬ ِ
‫ات‬َ‫او‬َ‫م‬ َّ‫مس‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ع‬ًِ‫د‬َ‫ب‬
ِ‫ب‬
ٍ‫ء‬ ْ َ
‫َش‬ ِّ ُ
‫ك‬
ٌ‫ي‬ِ‫و‬َ‫ػ‬
)
[
‫ام‬‫ؼ‬‫ه‬ٔ‫ْل‬‫ا‬
–
‫ًة‬ٓ‫ْل‬‫ا‬
101
.]
(
َ‫بم‬‫ر‬ ْ
‫ر‬ُ‫ن‬ْ‫اذ‬َ‫و‬ ّ
‫اّلل‬ َ‫َشَاء‬ٌ ْ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ال‬
ِ
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬َ‫غ‬ َ ِ
‫ِل‬َ‫ذ‬ ‫ل‬ِ‫ػ‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ ِّ
‫ّن‬
ِ
‫ا‬ٍ‫ء‬ ْ َ
‫َش‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ل‬َ‫ث‬‫ال‬َ‫و‬
َ
‫ُت‬ِ
‫س‬َ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬
ِ
‫ا‬
ً‫ا‬‫د‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ
‫رب‬ْ‫ك‬ِ‫ال‬ ِّ
‫ّب‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ن‬ٍَِ‫د‬َْ‫َي‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ َ
‫ََس‬‫غ‬ ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫و‬
)
[
‫مكهف‬‫ا‬
–
‫ًة‬ٓ‫ْل‬‫ا‬
32
.]
‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ي‬‫اآل‬
‫الكرمية‬
:
Holy Quran
i

‫شكرهللا‬ٔ‫أ‬
-
‫جل‬‫و‬‫غز‬
-
‫شكر‬ٔ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫ن‬ ‫ملرشوع‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫از‬‫جن‬‫ا‬‫يف‬‫ِله‬‫ف‬‫و‬‫ث‬‫ػىل‬‫الاول‬ ‫ام‬‫ل‬‫مل‬‫ا‬‫يف‬
‫ُك‬
‫اس‬‫رب‬‫ه‬‫اكن‬ ‫امؼي‬‫ج‬‫اذ‬‫ت‬‫ٔس‬‫أ‬
‫هور‬
‫شكري‬‫خطص‬ٔ‫أ‬ ‫و‬، ‫اء‬‫ط‬‫مؼ‬‫ا‬‫يف‬‫حلظة‬ ‫َّن‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫ًت‬‫مل‬‫و‬ ‫وطالب‬‫ن‬
‫مسرييت‬‫يف‬ ‫يل‬‫ة‬‫ز‬‫حمف‬‫و‬ ‫بَة‬‫ا‬‫جي‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ل‬َ‫و‬‫ؼ‬‫ث‬‫هتلى‬ٔ‫أ‬ ‫ارض‬‫حم‬‫مك‬
.
(
‫رسوال‬‫ٍكون‬‫ن‬ٔ‫أ‬ ‫ملؼمل‬‫ا‬‫اكد‬، ‫بجَال‬‫مت‬‫ا‬‫ِه‬‫ف‬‫و‬ ‫ومؼمل‬‫ن‬‫مق‬
............................)
‫العرفان‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـالشكر‬
:
Acknowledgment
ii

-
‫وب‬‫ك‬‫ٕىل‬‫ا‬
ٔ‫أ‬
،‫تيك‬‫ٌش‬‫مل‬‫و‬‫مترد‬ٍ‫مل‬‫اذلي‬ ‫امسَين‬َ‫م‬‫ا‬‫يم‬
ٕ‫ا‬
‫وب‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ِت‬‫ك‬‫و‬‫بت‬‫ُين‬‫ث‬ٔ‫أ‬‫ث‬‫ميت‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ه‬‫احئ‬‫ط‬‫ه‬‫ىل‬
.......
-
‫ًة‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫مه‬‫ا‬‫مشس‬‫ك‬ ‫افلين‬‫ر‬‫ت‬‫ميت‬‫ا‬‫ُب‬‫ب‬‫احل‬ ‫اَلي‬‫و‬‫روح‬‫ٕىل‬‫ا‬
......
-
‫من‬‫ٕىل‬‫ا‬
ٔ‫أ‬
،‫غضدي‬‫هبم‬‫شدد‬
ٔ‫أ‬ ‫ٕىل‬‫ا‬
‫و‬‫اّن‬‫و‬‫خ‬
ٔ‫أ‬
‫ايت‬‫و‬‫خ‬
......
-
‫من‬‫ُك‬‫ٕىل‬‫ا‬
ٔ‫أ‬
‫وين‬‫ؼ‬‫ج‬‫و‬ ‫بلكمة‬‫بطين‬‫ح‬
ٔ‫أ‬
‫كوى‬
......
-
ً‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ر‬‫ح‬ ‫ومين‬‫ػ‬‫من‬ ‫ُك‬‫ٕىل‬‫ا‬
‫درّب‬‫انر‬ٔ‫أ‬ ‫و‬
.....
-
ً‫م‬‫دو‬‫متزي‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫اع‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫الا‬‫هة‬‫و‬‫ًل‬ٔ‫أ‬ ،‫متزي‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫اع‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫الا‬‫مؼىن‬ ‫ومتين‬‫ػ‬‫ميت‬‫ا‬ ‫ملتحدة‬‫ا‬ ‫بَة‬‫ر‬‫مؼ‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫الا‬‫ةل‬‫و‬‫د‬‫ٕىل‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬
.
-
ً‫ا‬‫ري‬‫خ‬ٔ‫أ‬‫و‬
....
ٕ‫ا‬
‫اغَة‬‫د‬‫ب‬‫ا‬ ‫برؤى‬‫تتفرد‬‫م‬ ‫ًة‬‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫الاغت‬‫ارب‬‫حت‬‫طموحة‬‫هفس‬‫ُك‬‫ىل‬
.
‫إه‬
‫ــ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬
‫داء‬
:
Dedication
iii

‫بالمشروع‬ ‫تعريف‬ ‫بها‬ ‫و‬ ‫المقدمة‬ ‫األول‬ ‫الباب‬ ‫يتناول‬ ‫أبواب‬ ‫خمسة‬ ‫على‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يشتمل‬
(
، ‫الحوجة‬ ، ‫المستخدمين‬ ، ‫المالك‬
‫تفاصيل‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫من‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫الموقع‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫تحدياته‬ ‫و‬ ‫المشروع‬ ‫أبعاد‬ ،‫المشروع‬ ‫من‬ ‫الغاية‬ ‫و‬ ‫األهداف‬ ، ‫المشروع‬ ‫أهمية‬
‫حاضنة‬
‫االعمال‬
‫المشروع‬ ‫في‬
)
‫عن‬ ‫خلفية‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫عليها‬ ‫التكنولوجيا‬ ‫تأثير‬ ‫و‬ ‫األعمال‬ ‫تطور‬ ‫عن‬ ‫مختصرة‬ ‫نبذة‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫و‬ ‫الثاني‬ ‫الباب‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫انتقلت‬ ‫ثم‬ ،
‫الفراغية‬ ‫احتياجاتها‬ ‫و‬ ‫الحاضنة‬ ‫مراحل‬ ‫و‬ ‫األعمال‬ ‫حاضنات‬
.
‫المشابهة‬ ‫النماذج‬ ‫تحليل‬ ‫و‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫عرضت‬ ‫الثالث‬ ‫الباب‬ ‫في‬
‫و‬ ‫المستخدمين‬ ‫في‬ ‫االختالفات‬ ‫ناحية‬ ‫من‬ ‫اإلفريقية‬ ‫النماذج‬ ‫درست‬ ‫كما‬ ، ‫مشروعي‬ ‫في‬ ‫توفيرها‬ ‫و‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫النقص‬ ‫لمعرفة‬ ‫المحلية‬
‫التصميمية‬ ‫التفاصيل‬ ‫درست‬ ‫العالمي‬ ‫النموذج‬ ‫في‬ ‫أما‬ ،‫مشروعي‬ ‫في‬ ‫ألعكسها‬ ‫اإلقليمية‬ ‫الحاضنات‬ ‫تقدمها‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الخدمات‬
‫العالمية‬ ‫المعايير‬ ‫مع‬ ‫يتماشى‬ ‫بما‬ ‫للحاضنات‬
.
‫من‬ ‫مكون‬ ‫كل‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫و‬ ‫المساحات‬ ‫لجدول‬ ‫الوصول‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫فراغ‬ ‫كل‬ ‫مساحة‬ ‫و‬ ‫المشروع‬ ‫مكونات‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫تناولت‬ ‫الرابع‬ ‫الباب‬ ‫في‬
‫حدة‬ ‫على‬ ‫مكون‬ ‫كل‬ ‫في‬ ‫المستخدمين‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫و‬ ‫الوظيفية‬ ‫العالقات‬ ‫مخططات‬ ‫عرضت‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫ثم‬ ،‫للموقع‬ ‫االجمالية‬ ‫المساحة‬
.
‫و‬
‫الموقع‬ ‫بتحليل‬ ‫بدأت‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫من‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫التصميمي‬ ‫الموقع‬ ‫اختيار‬ ‫على‬ ‫عكستها‬ ‫و‬ ‫الحاضنات‬ ‫مواقع‬ ‫اختيار‬ ‫معايير‬ ‫حددت‬ ‫للموقع‬ ‫باالنتقال‬
‫وظيفية‬ ‫و‬ ،‫بيئية‬ ، ‫حضرية‬ ‫ناحية‬ ‫من‬ ‫المختار‬
;
‫المعايير‬ ‫و‬ ‫التخطيطية‬ ‫الموجهات‬ ‫و‬ ‫المؤشرات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫توصلت‬ ‫التحليل‬ ‫من‬ ‫و‬
‫التصميمة‬
.
‫الحلول‬ ‫عرضت‬ ‫السادس‬ ‫الباب‬ ‫في‬ ً‫ا‬‫أخير‬ ‫و‬ ،‫المشروع‬ ‫مراحل‬ ‫تطور‬ ‫و‬ ‫التصميمية‬ ‫الفكرة‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫عرضت‬ ‫الخامس‬ ‫الباب‬ ‫أما‬
‫خدمات‬ ‫تناولت‬ ‫للمشروع‬ ‫التقنية‬ ‫الحلول‬ ‫في‬ ‫أما‬ ‫هبوط‬ ‫و‬ ‫تمدد‬ ‫فواصل‬ ‫و‬ ،‫أسقف‬ ‫و‬ ‫بالطات‬ ، ‫أعمدة‬ ‫و‬ ‫أساسات‬ ‫من‬ ‫االنشائية‬
‫المبنى‬ ‫في‬ ‫التهوية‬ ‫و‬ ‫التكييف‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫و‬ ،‫الحريق‬ ‫مكافحة‬ ،‫السطحي‬ ‫و‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التصريف‬ ،‫الكهرباء‬ ‫و‬ ‫المياه‬
.
Creative Business Incubator
‫الملخص‬
:
iv

ABSTRACT
This research includes five chapters, first chapter contains introduction of the project (the
owner, the users, the need, the importance of the project, the aims and objectives of the
project, the location, project’s dimensions and challenges, then the details of the business
incubator in the project). The second chapter, contains a brief overview of the revolution
of business and the impact of technology on it, and a background about business
incubators, and the incubation program phases and its spatial needs. In the third chapter,
I presented the study and analysis of similar local examples to find out its deficiency to
cover it in my project, I also studied African similar project in terms of differences in users
and program activities to reflect them in my project. As for the international, I studied the
design details of incubators in line with international standards. In the fourth chapter, I
dealt with the components of the project and the area of each space as well as space
tables and the percentage of each component to the total area of the site, and then
presented the functional relationship diagrams and the movement of users in each
component. Moving to the site, I defined the criteria for selecting the incubator locations
and reflected them on the selection of the design`s site, and then I analyzed the chosen
site from an urban, environmental, and functional side; from the analysis, I reached to
indicators, planning guidelines, and design standards. In the fifth chapter, the design idea
and the development of the project stages were presented. Finally, sixth chapter involves
the construction solutions including foundations, columns, slabs, roofs, expansion and
settlement joints. As for the technical solutions for the project, I dealt with water and
electricity services, sewage and rainwater drainage, Fire fighting, air conditioning and
ventilation system in the building.
v

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Page No.
Holy Quran i
Acknowledgment ii
Dedication iii
Abstract iv -v
List Of Tables Ix
List Of Figures x
List of pictures Xi-xv
List Of Abbreviations xv
1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1. About the project 1-3
1.2. Incubation details of the project 4
1.3. Terminology related to project 5
2 CHAPTER TWO: THEORITICAL BACKGROUND
2.1. Revolution of business and technology impact 6
2.2. background of business incubator 7-8
2.3. Incubation program phases 9
2.4. Biophilic design and its Impact in productivity and creativity 10-11
3 CHAPTER THREE:CASE STUDY
3.1. Local case study: 249 startups
3.1.1. 249 startups location
3.1.2. About 249 startups
3.1.3. 249 startups components
3.1.4. 249 startups materials and finishing
3.1.5. Strength and weakness
3.1.6. 249 startups statistics
3.2 Regional case study: Africa’s Top business incubators
3.3 International case study: Intertech R&D building
3.3.1. About Intetech
12
13
14-16
17
18
18
19
20
Vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Page No.
3.3.2. Intetech components
3.3.3. Intetech drawings
3.3.4. Intetech design aspects
3.3.5. Intetech materials and finishing
3.3.6. Intetech strength and weakness
20
21-23
24
25
25
4 CHAPTER FOUR: PROJECT PROGRAM
4.1. design component
4.1.1. Main and sub component
4.1.2. Users component
4.1.3. Activities component
4.1.4. Space component
4.2. space study
4.3. space tables
4.3.1. Incubator space table
4.3.2. Business center space table
4.3.3. Cultural space table
4.3.4. entertainment space table
4.3.5. Administration space table
4.3.6. Residence space table
4.3.7. Service space table
4.3.8. Sum-up space table
4.4. relationship diagrams
4.5. movement diagrams
4.5.1. General movement diagram
4.5.2. Incubator movement diagrams
4.5.3. Business center diagrams
4.5.4. Cultural zone movement diagrams
4.5.5. Administration movement diagram
4.5.6. Residence movement diagram
4.5.7. Service movement diagram
4.6. site selection
4.6.1. Location criteria
4.6.2. Suggested locations
4.6.3. Sites comparison
26
27
28
29
30-40
41
42
43
43
44
44
45
46
47-50
51
52
52
53
53
54
54
55
55
56
Vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Page No.
4.7. site analysis
4.7.1.Urban study
4.7.1.1.Land use analysis
4.7.1.2.Accessibility analysis
4.7.1.3.Streets analysis
4.7.2.Environmental study
4.7.2.1.Temperature analysis
4.7.2.2.Sun solar analysis
4.7.2.3.Wind direction and speed analysis
4.7.2.4.Rainfall level analysis
4.7.2.5.Relative humidity analysis
4.7.2.6.Noise analysis
4.7.3.Functional study
4.7.3.1. Site views and neighborhood
4.7.4.Data gathering
4.8. Indicators and guidelines
4.9. planning and design standards
57
57
58
59
59-60
61
62
62
62
63
63
64
64-65
5 CHAPTER FIVE: DESIGN
5.1. Concept and zoning
5.2. Design development stages
66
67-68
6 CHAPTER SIX: TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS AND STRUCURE
6.1. Water supply & electricity distribution
6.2.Rainwater drainage
6.3. Sewage system
6.4. Fire fighting system
6.5. Air condition system
6.6. Structural Grid
6.7. Expansion and settlement joints
69-70
71
72
73
74
75
75
References 76
Appendices 77-78
viii

LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page No.
Table1. incubation details 4
Table2. incubation program 9
Table3. Africa’s Top business incubators 19
Table4. different offices layouts 31
Table5. meting room layouts 34
Table6. variation in space needs in kitchen with relation to
number served
40
Table7. incubator space table 41
Table8. business center space table 42
Table9. cultural space table 43
Table10. entertainment space table 43
Table11. administration space table 44
Table12 residence space table 44
Table13. service space table 45
Table14. sum-up space table 46
Table15. locations comparison 56
Table16. shading system in correlation with direction 60
Table17. Site indicators and guidelines 64
Table18. tanks specifications in project 69
Table19. survey conclusion 78
Ix

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Title page No.
Fig1. Incubator and accelerators intersection 5
Fig2. 249 startups statistics 18
Fig3. 249 startups working sector statistics 18
Fig4. 249 startups university participants percentage 18
Fig 5. main project component 26
Fig 6. sub project component 26
Fig7. users component 27
Fig8. activities component 28
Fig9 . space component 29
Fig10. General relationship diagram 47
Fig11. incubator relationship diagram 48
Fig12. business center relationship diagram 48
Fig13. residence relationship diagram 49
Fig14. service relationship diagram 49
Fig15. administration relationship diagram 50
Fig16. cultural zone relationship diagram 50
Fig17. General movement diagram 51
Fig18. incubator movement diagram 52
Fig19. business center movement diagram 52
Fig20. cultural zone center movement diagram 53
Fig21. Administration movement diagram 53
Fig22. residence movement diagram 54
Fig23. service movement diagram 54
Fig24. Average temperature, Meteorological authority 2010-2020 59
Fig25. wind speed by months , Meteorological authority 2010-2020 61
Fig26. Average observation of wind speed by direction , Meteorological
authority 2010-2020
61
Fig27. Average rainfall, Meteorological authority 2010-2020 62
Fig.28 Relative humidity, Meteorological authority 2010-2020 62
x

Xi
LIST OF PICTURES
Picture No. Title Page No.
Pic1.. the central courtyard of the Salk Institute by Louis Kahn in,
California
10
Pic2. Bomorphic Façade, renovation of Suites Avenue by Toyo Ito,
in Spain.
10
Pic3. Façade of Manuel Gea González Hospital in Mexico City. 10
Pic4. Alhambra in Spain fountain and gardens. 11
Pic5. Courtyard in the Smithsonian American Art Museum,
Washington, by Foster + Partners.
11
Pic6. 249 Startups Location map 12
Pic7. 249 startups building 13
Pic8. 249 startups entrance area 14
Pic9. 249 startups reception lobby 15
Pic10. 249 startups lobby Coffee corner 15
Pic11. 249 startups reception 15
Pic12. 249 startups co-working area 15
Pic 13. 249 startups quite area 15
Pic 14. 249 startups ground floor offices 16
Pic 15 . 249 startups ground floor meeting room 16
Pic16. 249 startups VIP meeting room 16
Pic17 . 249 startups first floor offices 16
Pic18. 249 startups roof event area 16
Pic19. 249 startups roof main kitchen 16
Pic20. 249 startups interiors spaces 17
Pic21. Muzinda Hub 19
Pic22. BongoHive 19
Pic23. iHub 19
Pic24. Iceaddis 19
Pic25. Intertech building 20

xii
Pic26. Intertech Site plan 21
Pic27. Intertech 1st basement plan 21
Pic28. Intertech 2nd basement floor plan 21
Pic29. Intertech Ground floor plan 22
Pic30. Intertech 1st floor plan 22
Pic31. Intertech 5th floor plan 23
Pic32. Intertech A-A section 23
Pic33. Intertech exterior night view 24
Pic34. Intertech glass enclosed bridge 24
Pic35. Intertech façade reflection 24
Pic36. Intertech dining hall staged terrace 24
Pic37. Intertech dining hall interior shot 24
Pic38. Intertech office area 25
Pic39. Intertech meeting room reception 25
Pic40. Intertech entrance reception 25
Pic41. Intertech work station 25
Pic42. Different movements in office space 30
Pic43. Single office 30
Pic44. double office 30
Pic45. offices reception 30
Pic46. open office layout 31
Pic47. co-working space 31
Pic48. Modern cubicle office 31
Pic49. mentors office 31
Pic50. audience viewing angel in auditorium 32
Pic51. contact relationship between the audience and the
stage
32
Pic52. Example of 400 seats conference room 32
Pic53. conference hall sitting space 32
Pic54. different field of view in exhibitions 32

xiii
Pic55. exhibition display layout 32
Pic56. basketball yard standard 33
Pic57. tennis yard standard 33
Pic58. Bоаrdrооm (classic) meeting room 34
Pic59. U shape meeting room 34
Pic60. Auditorium meeting room style 34
Pic61 . Seminar room 35
Pic62 . Lecture room 35
Pic63 . Discussion room 35
Pic64 . Library space 36
Pic65 . Library movement and furniture space 36
Pic66 . E-Library space 36
Pic67 . Fabrication lab interior space 37
Pic68. fabrication lab floor plan 37
Pic69. model making lab 37
Pic70. E-lab space requirement 38
Pic71. media lab plan 38
Pic72. production area interior shot 38
Pic73. room unit, exposed two sides 39
Pic74. room unit, with furnishing variants 39
Pic75. dining hall movement area 40
Pic76. dining hall table's dimensions 40
Pic77 . Restaurant kitchen floor plan 40
Pic78. solo work area 40
Pic79. Location A suggestion 55
Pic80. Location B suggestion 55
Pic81. Location C suggestion 55
Pic82. site Location dimension 56
Pic83. sun solar in site 59

xiv
Pic84. east and west sun angle 60
Pic85. south and north radiation 60
Pic86. vertical fins distance 60
Pic87. vertical fins depth 60
Pic88. north and south shaped window 60
Pic89. wind direction in site 61
Pic90. site noise analysis 62
Pic91. East side site view 63
Pic92. North west side site view 63
Pic93. North side site view 63
Pic94. west side site view 63
Pic95. south Shot showing unused child city boundary 63
Pic96. Site land 63
Pic97. Site data gathering 63
Pic 98. design zoning 66
Pic 99. design first prelim plan 66
Pic100. Site plan showing tanks position 69
Pic101. site showing water supply and electricity distribution 70
Pic102. site showing rainwater drainage solution 71
Pic103. Roof Gutter 71
Pic104. rainwater trench 71
Pic105. manhole details 72
Pic106. Fire rated door 73
Pic107. First floor part plan, business center fire fighting
system
73
Pic108. Pendent sprinkler head 73
Pic109. reserve tank for fire fighting 73
Pic110. Site plan showing AHU and feeding zone 74
Pic111. all air system single zone 74
Pic112. air handling unit 74

Xv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Abb. Description Page No.
MVP minimum viable product 5
CBD central business district 55
CNC lab computer numerical control machines laboratory 37
Pic113. Site plan showing design grid 75
Pic114. Radial grid 75
Pic115. Site plan showing joints 75
Pic116. Expansion joint 75
Pic117. Settlement joint 75

1.1 About the project
Project title
Definition of the project
Is a governmental investment, attracting leading local companies, and projects to
become a hub for business and an incubator for creativity and innovative ideas.
Project type:
Office Building
Project owner
Ministry of Investment.
Users:
The incubator for all local members (18-45 years old), holders of certificate, specialists,
and professions to present their ideas and inventions proposal to select from them the
well planned ideas.
Project users capacity:
- Incubator 32 participants
- Business center 100 members
- Culture 2,250 visitor
Need of the project
• According to survey conducted among 100 of business owners in Sudan , 90% willing
to participate in business development program, while 18% failed to find supportive
institute; In the other hand 63% didn’t hear about program of developing and incubating
business in Sudan, 25% of responses have future business plan. This statistics
reflect the need of such project in Sudan.
• The increased unemployment rate that growing by an annual rate of 3.67% (Knoema,
world data atlas) in Sudan creates a need for such program that open wide investment
opportunities.
• Though Sudan ease of doing business index fluctuated substantially in recent years, it
tended to increase through 2016-2020 period which creating a direction for population
to establish their own business.
1

• There is only one business incubator program in Sudan which is not enough to cover
the society needs, and technology sector isn't a main working sector in this program.
• Local incubator in Sudan doesn’t have application platform as( labs, equipped
computers, machines……)
Importance of the project
• Limiting the migration of creative minds and provide suitable environment for them .
• Drive the economic growth of the country .
• Provide Financial support for successful business.
• Offer business environment and connect start-ups business with investors.
• Inspiring creative minds to get the opportunity to take step in their Path.
Aims of the project
• Introducing the latest developments and innovations to society.
• Cooperating with universities and collages to encourage students to innovate and
invent.
• Enhance the knowledge and experience of entrepreneurs by providing a real-life
environment for supporting and developing business ideas.
Objectives of the project
• Providing tools, training, and recourses inside one buildings.
• Providing an application platform for different technologies.
• Design an attractive and inspiring environment that stimulates creativity and works as a
hub for business.
Location
Khartoum, Sudan
Site condition
Empty land
Project scope
Local
2

Project dimensions
• Functional dimension:
- providing equipped workshops to help creative minds establish their business.
- Providing resources center and training space.
- Possibility of future expansion
• Economic dimension:
- Raise income by providing new creative ideas to market.
- create new job opportunities
- enhancing competitiveness in attracting investments.
• Aesthetic dimension:
-Integrate the function of the building within the design.
-Design a distinctive building as an iconic for the country and reflects the identity of
Sudan.
• Cultural dimension :
- Foster a culture of productivity
- Introducing the concept of entrepreneurship within society.
Challenge of the project
• Structural challenge:
- Considering audience view in conference hall and lecture room when designing the
structural column grid.
• Aesthetic challenge:
- Considering basic design requirements and project concept that based on creativity
and uniqueness.
• Functional challenge:
- Integration between learning and communication.
- Provide difference working options that meet business demand.
3

Targeted
age
18-45
Targeted
sectors
Human
Ethology
behavior
Mobile
application
design
Creative
Technologies
Media and
Social Media
Digital content
Incubation process
1- Online application
All participants shortlisted
online to 130
Selection passed on (clarity
of idea, process analysis,
understanding of idea
application, the service and
financial return on
community)
2- Jury Camp in center for 2
weeks for 130 participants
during 2 weeks.
3- they shortlisted again to
32 by mentors
4- incubation program for
the Selected 32 participants
5- After each (batch)
incubation program end ,
again the online application
will start.
Program
partnersh
ip:
Local and
regional
companie
s and
ministries
in different
fields.
(Zain, Dal
Group,
Faisal
Islamic
Bank,
Rotana
Hotel,
Elnefeidi
group)
Project
income:
Rentabl
e offices
+
events+
equity
stake of
participa
nt`s
product.
1.2. Incubation details of the project
Table1. incubation details
4

MVP
Is a version of product with just enough features to be usable by early customers who can
provide feedback for future product development.
Incubator vs. Accelerators
Entrepreneurs vs. businessman
Entrepreneur: person who starts an enterprise with a new idea or concept undertaking
commercial activities.
Businessman: person sets up a business with an existing idea offering product and
service to customers.
Equity stake
Represents the amount of money that would be returned to a company`s shareholders in
return for the early stage business sponsor.
1.3. Terminology related to project
Fig1. Incubator and accelerators intersection
5

2.1. Revolution of business and technology impact
The 4th Industrial Revolution is revolution of industry and also a radical evolution of how
business itself is conducted.
The 4th Industrial Revolution dominated by companies with the flexibility to adapt to forthcoming
technological innovation that reflecting a more flexible approach which is better able to
accommodate rapid advancements.
companies which partnering within industries, with entrepreneurs, with governments and with
educational institutions to increase the potential for 4th Industrial revolution success and
minimize societal turbulence as a result of change.
As the time go by, the business world is becoming more technological. Innovation nurtures
business, and since technology creates the way for it, we can say that business needs
technology to be sustained. Nowadays different industries and companies rely on technology
because it improves business communication, optimizes production, inventory management
and financial record-keeping.
Theses developments in communication and in information technology have helped
businesses stay connected at any given time, increasing their efficiency, productivity and the
abilities to react when difficulties arise; In addition, With proper technology in place,
entrepreneurs can save time and money and make their businesses more productive and
competitive.
Technology has boosted the development of e-commerce which has brought new dynamics to
the globalization of businesses. Digitalisation provides new business opportunities as well.
6

2.2. background of business incubator
business incubator:
It is an organization provides start-ups and early-stage businesses with the support and
resources, Their support involve access to networks, investors and mentors, or co-working
space alongside other businesses and experienced professionals.
Incubator process:
1- pre- startups is a phase of analysis and determining the methodology that a startups will
follow. detection of a real problem in the market in which the startups wants to act. The
challenge it solves for the industry will be key in determining the success or failure of the
proposed solution, and the validate of business model, through developing prototypes,
which are small experiments carried out to validate the initial idea.
2- startup phase in this stage idea is left to evolve until it becomes a product or service in
the market. It´s now the time to launch a test. It will not be the final version; it will now be
tested to see it´s a (MVP). it is all about testing the terrain and expanding your audiences
and being in close contact with customers.
3- growth phase of new customers, recurring customers, and billing. Profitability here is
paramount. This is when the team starts to grow, and recruitment begins.
This phase has the highest failure rate. It does not mean that the product or service stays
fixed, and adjust it to approach a new sector of targeted audience, meet new demands, or
occupy new spaces that weren’t planned.
What do business incubators ask for in return?
Business incubators don’t accept every business that applies to join their programmes. This
is mainly because they seek a return on their investment. Consequently, they will typically
take an equity stake in business in exchange for providing its services.
7

How Does a Business Incubator Work?
1. Comprehensive admission process
Potential candidates must go through a competitive and comprehensive admission
process. Each incubator formulates its own admission process requirements , the
admission process includes the completion of the application form, as well as in-person
interviews. The goal of the process is to determine the viability of a start up's idea and
the ability of the company’s management team to realize the idea.
2. Creation of a new cohort
Candidates that are selected form a new cohort in the incubator and receive access to all
services and resources offered by the incubator. They usually spend several months to a
couple of years in the incubator.
3. Mentorship and advisory services
During the program, the company’s management extensively works with mentors and
advisors to gain the required experience to convey the candidate`s ideas to potential
customers and investors.
Kind of organisations run business incubators:
• Universities and academic organisations
• Non-profit organisations
• Commercial organisations
• Venture capital firms.
Benefits of business incubators:
• Finance Support:
• Business guidance and training
• Advisory services
• Access to resource centre
• Access to office and co-working space
• Help grow your business
• Partners and investor networking
• Events attending
8

2.3. Incubation program phases
About the
stage
• phase of
analysis,
Listening to
potential
customers
• determining the
methodology
• developing
prototypes
• The idea is left to
evolve until it becomes
a product or service in
the market.
• tested to see (MVP),
the results and
information being
collected. After its
release it should be
analyzed .
• improvements are
made with new
versions.
• Approach a new
sector of target
audience.
• meet new
demands, or
occupy new
spaces.
• Business start to
grow, and
recruitment
begins.
Objective Idea formation
(mission- vision-
strategy )
Validation - Market fit
- Scale up
Space
need
- Brainstorming (
ideation)
- Lecture hall (
theoretical
learning)
- Discussion room
( practical
learning)
- Prelim fabrication
lab (prototypes)
- Inspiration zone (
fun+
communication)
- CO-working
(communication)
- Lecture hall
( theoretical learning)
- Discussion room (
practical learning)
- Advanced fabrication
lab ( MVP)
- Stress relief zone (
fun)
- Entrepreneurs
hub
(networking )
- Lecture hall (
theoretical
learning)
- Discussion room
(practical
learning)
- Innovation zone
( fun)
- Product test (
final test)
- Media lab
- jury hall (
presentation)
Duration
of the
stage
Pre startup Startup Growth
4 months 5 months 3 months
Incubation
phase
Table2. incubation program
9

2.4. Biophilic design and its Impact in productivity and creativity
What is biophilic design:
Refer to human experience of having an affinity to nature and its element, by bringing
elements of running water, plants, and good air circulation to interiors in which it creates
inspirational, restorative, and healthy space.
Patterns of biophilic Design:
1. Good Prospect condition
Prospect is an unimpeded view over a distance and the ability to see from one space to
another, which creates visual connection with nature. It feels open and freeing, yet imparts
a sense of safety and control. Health benefits include reductions in stress, boredom,
irritation, fatigue, as well as improved comfort.
2. Biomorphic Forms & Patterns
Architects have long created spaces using elements inspired by trees, bones, wings and
seashells. A space with a good Material Connection with Nature feels rich, authentic,
stimulating to the touch, and feels interesting and comfortable, reduced stress due to
induced shift in focus, and enhanced concentration. We have a visual preference for
organic and biomorphic forms while our brain describes them as symbolic representations
of life.
Pic1. The central courtyard of the Salk Institute by Louis Kahn in, California, frames
the view of the Pacific. Image © Bill Browning.
Pic2. Bomorphic Façade, renovation of
Suites Avenue by Toyo Ito, in Spain.
Image © Aslai/Flickr.
Pic3. Façade of Manuel Gea González
Hospital in Mexico City.
Image © misia-nov-dom.
10

3. Lighting design
It has used to set the mood for a space, and elicit differing psychological responses. The
impact of daylight on performance, mood and well-being has been studied for many years,
early research showed that productivity is higher in well day lighted work places.
4. Presence of Water.
The objective of the Presence of Water is to capitalize on the multi-sensory attributes,
research shows that exposure to nature sounds, when compared to urban or office noise,
accelerates physiological and psychological restoration up to 37% faster after a psychological
stressor (Alvarsson et al., 2010) and reduces cognitive fatigue and helps motivation (Jahncke
et al., 2011).
Importance of biophilic design
• Viewing nature for ten minutes prior to experiencing a mental stressor has shown to
stimulate heart rate variability and parasympathetic activity (i.e., regulation of internal
organs and glands that support digestion and other activities that occur when the body
is at rest) (Brown, Barton & Gladwell, 2013)
• Enhance creativity and clarity of thought.
• Improve our well-being and expedite healing.
• empirical studies have reported that experiences of natural environments provide
greater emotional restoration, with lower instances of tension, anxiety, anger, fatigue,
confusion and total mood disturbance than urban environments with limited
characteristics of nature.
Pic4. Alhambra in Spain
fountain and gardens, provide
an experience of nature.
Image © Dax Fernstrom/Flickr.
Pic5. Courtyard in the Smithsonian
American Art Museum, Washington, by
Foster + Partners. has seamless water
sheets running across the floor, reflecting
weather and lighting conditions.
Image © Tim Evanson/Flickr.
11

Location:
Omak street, Al Manshiya, Khartoum-Sudan.
Reason of location selection:
The building wasn’t intended to locate in this area, it was ready built in with a previous type
of activities, but as future expansion it expected to be in middle of Khartoum in which it can
serves wider entrepreneurs.
Main street
Sub street
Location
Site entrance
3.1. Local case study: 249 startups
3.1.1 249 Startups Location
Pic6. 249 Startups Location map
12

3.1.2.About 249 startups
Orange corner program:
Initiative of ministry of foreign affairs of Netherland that provides young entrepreneurs across
Africa and the middle East with training, mentorship, network, funding and facilitates to start
and grow their businesses, with a partnership of stakeholders.
Aim of project :
- create an environment that increases productivity, innovation, and collaboration.
- Supporting entrepreneurs in Sudan by being their gateway.
- Finding innovative solutions.
- Creating opportunities.
Program steps:
1. Online application (open)
2. Boot camp (50 semi- finalists) for 2 days jury.
3. Selection (20-25) entrepreneurs for 6 months incubation .
Targeted sector: sustainable development .
Targeted age: 18-35 years old
Profit of the project: events , and rent facilities.
Project`s challenge: Introducing the concept of entrepreneurship within Suddenness
community.
Pic7. 249 startups building
13

Users
• young entrepreneurs.
• Mentors.
• ministry of foreign affairs of
Netherland.
• Employers and staff.
• Amateurs and visitors.
Activities
• Interact and communicate
• training
• Administration
• Reception and Information
• Meeting
• Praying
• Food preparing
• Event conducting
Spaces
• 1 Reception
• 1 Co-working space
• 1 Quite area
• 2 Meeting rooms
• 1 VIP event space
• 1 Lounge
• 1 Kitchen
• 2 Prayer rooms
• Toilets
• 1 Outdoor event space
• Offices
Strategy dept.
HR dept.
Support function dept.
Accounting dept.
Head marketing dept.
Program dept.
Product and service dept.
Business development dept.
Procurement dept.
Main Entrance contain:
• Security desk
• Garden:
Type of plants: Royal palm, Duranta, Ixora.
Pic8. 249 startups entrance area
3.1.3. 249 startups components
14

Ground floor - Co-working space-
• (users) Startup entrepreneur, and visitors.
• ( activity) interaction, communication and sharing ideas
happen.
• Furniture arrangements can be adjusted according to
need.
• This area is rentable.
• (users), Access by
startups entrepreneur
and mentors.
• ( activity) Area for
lectures and mentorship
• Furniture is adjustable.
Pic9. 249 startups reception lobby
Pic10. 249 startups lobby
Coffee corner
Pic 13. 249 startups quite area
Pic12. 249 startups
co-working area
Pic11. 249 startups
reception
15
Ground floor -Quiet area+ toilet

Ground floor -Offices-
Accounting – HR – support function- product and service
–program development –implement procurement.
Ground floor -Meeting room -
- (8 users)
- Rentable
First floor -VIP meeting room-
- ( Activity) event and meeting.
- 12 (Users) ministry of foreign affairs of Netherland
members.
- has view to the entrance garden.
- Furniture can be arranged according to activity.
First floor - Offices + balcony-
- Business development dep.
- Research development dep.
- (activity) events- sessions.
- (users) affiliate- amateur
- (time) day night
- Furniture can be arranged according to event.
Roof
-Main Kitchen
-Event area
-Manager office
Pic 14. 249 startups ground floor offices
Pic 15 . 249 startups ground floor meeting room
Pic16. 249 startups VIP meeting room
Pic17 . 249 startups first floor offices
Pic18. 249 startups roof event area
Pic19. 249 startups roof main kitchen
16

Furniture :
Movable furniture
that creates dynamic
space.
Color :
Vibrant colors to
create an inspiration
in a co-working
environment
Floor materials :
Porcelain- Carpet -
Artificial grass.
Strength of the project:
• Dynamic space design that can
accommodate different
activities.
• Vibrant and inspired Co-
working environment.
• Providing Chance to work and
connect with other
entrepreneurs.
• Inviting funding, co working,
and competitive environment.
Weakness of the project:
• No parking area.
• Small space that doesn’t allowed for
workshops and recourse library.
• There is no area for prototype experiments of
the ideas.
• Some areas need maintenance.
• Weak marketing and social media
appearance, according to my conducted
survey 63% didn’t hear about program of
developing and incubating business in Sudan.
3.1.4. 249 startups materials and finishing
3.1.5. Strength and weakness
Pic20. 249 startups interiors spaces
17

Statistics: for the latest batch ( batch 4) 2021
• 61% male participants, 39% female participants.
• Age group : 17% ( 18-23), 60% ( 24-29), 17% ( 30-35), 2% (36-40)
3.1.6. 249 startups statistics
Fig2. 249 startups statistics
Fig3. 249 startups working sector statistics Fig4. 249 startups university participants
percentage
18

3.2 Regional case study:
Africa’s Top business incubators
Muzinda Hub iHub BongoHive Iceaddis
Location Zimbabwe Kenya Zambia Ethiopia
Launched
Year
2013 2010 2011 2011
Users - Students
- It
professions
- Young
entrepreneuri
al members
-Startups
-Co founder
- Youth
Entrepreneurs
- Investors
- Local visitors
- Techies
Type Technology
and Business
hub
Innovation
hub
technology and
innovation hub.
technology innovation
and business
incubation centre
Program
Activity
-Hub
-Consultation
-IT
programing
and digital
training.
-Social
networking
-Research
-Consultation
-Mentorship
-Enhancing skills -
Accelerating
growth
-Networks,
increasing
collaboration
-ideas exchange
and reducing the
barriers to
entrepreneurship.
-Interaction
-Promoting local
technological solutions
to the public.
-Collaborative work
environment facilitates
-Creative projects and
events.
-Serve as a support
system.
Table3. Africa’s Top business incubators
Pic21. Muzinda Hub
Pic22. BongoHive
Pic23. iHub
Pic24. Iceaddis 19

3.3 International case study: Intertech R&D building
3.3.1. About Intertech
Location: Istanbul, Turkey
Area: 19,000 m²
Construction Year: 2014-2016
Lead Architects: Ali Hiziroglu
Type: Techno parks, Technology Development
Zones, or Innovation Centres.
Materials: steel-concrete- glass
Location:
In Istanbul Technopark Campus, next to the
Sabiha Gokcen Airport in Kurtkoy District,
within a rapidly urbanizing new neighbourhood.
3.3.2.. Intertech components
Users
• Information Technologies teams.
• university students.
• trainee
• Employers and staff.
Activities
• Co-working
• Meeting
• Conference conducting
• training
• Communicate and interact
• Food preparing
• Practicing sport
Spaces
• entrance hall
• studio
• Open office
• Rental Offices (40 or 60
sqm)
• Meeting rooms
• Conference hall
• Education area and studio
• Terrace
• Café
• Kitchen
• Restaurants and Dining hall
• Toilets
• Technical rooms
• Gym
Pic25. Intertech building
20

Pic28. Intertech 2nd basement floor plan
p
3.3.3 Intertech drawings
Pic27. Intertech 1st basement plan
p
Pic26. Intertech Site plan
21

p
Pic29. Intertech Ground floor plan
Pic30. Intertech 1st floor plan
22

Pic32. Intertech A-A section
p p
p
p
p
p
Pic31. Intertech 5th floor plan
23

Since Information Technologies teams
spend most of their time in a digital
environment, concentrated on screen, the
design’s main goal has been set to create a
place of comfort by daylight where users
can contemplate with views of a wide
horizon.
3.3.4. Intetech Design aspects
The bridge Proposed as a socialising area,
has been transformed into a small gym.
The solid and opaque white building is
divided into two arms inviting users inside,
while the bridge connecting the two sides
defines an entrance courtyard.
The main dining hall is placed below the
ground floor on the backside of the building.
The staged terrace stretched between the
lower and the main ground levels help the
sunlight and landscape reach this dining hall
while linking the interiors to boundaries of the
site.
Pic33. Intertech exterior night view
Pic35. Intertech façade reflection
Pic34. Intertech glass enclosed bridge
Pic36. Intertech dining hall staged terrace
Pic37. Intertech dining hall interior shot
24

Furniture :
Movable colorful
furniture.
Color :
Vibrant colors to raise
energy and inspiration.
Floor materials :
- Porcelain
- Carpet in office area to
absorb sound.
Strength of the project:
• using of bridge to connect the two sides,
as entrance defines, and as a socializing
area.
• underground dining hall connected with
the outdoor space by staged terrace.
• controlled panels on the façade by an
automation system, to let the fresh air in.
• The façade’s white glass cladding acts as
a canvas that reflects the constantly
changing sky.
Weakness of the project:
• No shading screen to control
heat and glare.
• Limited entertainment area.
• Landscape is not integrated
within building's activity.
• Public zones is not separated
from private focused area.
3.3.5. Intetech materials and finishing
• work space with
coffee station and
service area in the
middle
Pic41. Intertech work station
Pic40. Intertech entrance reception
Pic39. Intertech meeting
room
reception
Pic38. Intertech office area
3.3.6. Intetech Strength and weakness
25

4.Project program
4.1. Design component
4.1.1. Main and sub component
Main
component
Incubator
Business center
Cultural
Sub
component
Administration
Service
Residence
Fig 5. main project component
Fig 6. sub project component
26

Workers
Cleaners
Lawn
cutting
Security
guard
Technicians
Canteen`s
laborer
Visitors
Entrepreneurs
Partnership
representatives
Investors
Businessmen
Events
attendees
Employers
Registration
staff
Manager
Secretary
Media and
marketing
staff
Accountant
HR staff
Public
relation
employers
Product
and service
employers
Business
development
staff
Finance and
procurement
employers
Strategy and
program
employers
Specialists mentors
Digital
content
developer
Sales
specialist
Marketing
specialist
It
specialists
Research
development
specialists
Human
resource
specialist
Business
management
specialist
Business and
Finance
specialist
Mobile app
developer
Local affiliate
Incubating
Participants
Business
center
members
Solo
entrepreneurs
4.1.2. Users component
Fig7.users component
27

Incubator
Training
Practice
Communication
Entertainment
Product testing
Business
center
Training
Solo-
working
Co-
working
Social
Networking
Meeting
Searching
Culture
Conduct
Conference
Conduct
events
Display
Residence
Participants
short term
residence
Mentors short
term residence
Communication
Entertainment
Administrati
on
Mentori
ng
Working
Managing
meeting
Interaction
Documen
ting
Services
convenience
Mechanical fixing
Electrical fixing
Eating and
snacks
Praying
Reception
Food preparing
Storing
4.1.3. Activities component
Fig8.activities component
28

Incubator
Lecture hall
Discussion
room
Social space
Entertainment zone
labs
Business
center
Training hall
Seminar hall
Investment
offices
Co-working
area
Lounge
Meeting
rooms
Library
Culture
Conference hall
Permanent
exhibition
Event
courtyard
Residence
Participants
residence
Mentors
residence
Room
service
Lounge
Terrace
interaction zone
Administration
Mentors
offices
Employers
offices
meeting
rooms
Indoor garden
(lounge)
Services
Toilets
Mechanical
room
Electrical
room
Food
court
Prayer
rooms
Reception
Kitchen
storages
4.1.4. Space component
• fabrication lab.
• Model making
lab.
• Media lab.
• Product test
lab.
• Manager office.
• mentors offices.
• Secretary.
• Media and marketing
dept.
• Strategy and
Program dept.
• Finance and
procurement dept.
• HR dept.
• Accounting
• Business development
dept.
• Public relation office.
• Meeting rooms.
• Archive room.
Fig9 .space component
29

4.2. Space study
Offices
Pic42. Different movements in office space
Pic43. Single office
Pic44. double office
Reception:
Space Dimensions: 2.45* 4.10
Space area: 10 m²
N. Of space: 3
Total area: 30 m²
Pic45. offices reception
30

Layout Modern cubicle office Open plan office Co-working
Location Business center +Admin.
Offices + mentors
Business center Incubator, Business center
space No. 12 1 1
Capacity 3-8 person 24 person 32, 100 person
Use • For focused working
environment.
• systemise things
better.
• When each employee
needs own private
space.
• less concentrated
tasks.
• When Verbal
Communication is
needed among
employees.
• When supervision
highly required.
• Ideal for self-employed
workers.
• Flexible working
environment.
Advantages • Give employees their
own private space.
• Foster Autonomous
Work
• Improves Focus and
Concentration
• Manage own work
without any
hindrance.
• Promote smooth
and effective
communication.
• Promoting
employee
relationships.
• Cost-effective.
• Increases the
collaboration and
comfrotability.
• Enhance Professional
Networking.
• Interact with customers
and clients.
• Saves Money.
• free to choose own
space as per
requirement.
Table4. different offices layouts
Pic46. open office layout
Pic48. Modern cubicle office Pic49. mentors office
Pic47. co-working space
31

Event courtyard
area per person* total user = area
Area + 60% circulation = total area
0.87m² area / person (X) =2900 m²
2900 *60% = 1,740 2900- 1740= 1160
1160 ÷ 0.87= 1300 person
Permanent exhibition
672.587* 60 % = 403.55 672.587- 403.55=
269.037 , 269.037 ÷ 0.87 = 300 person
Pic52. Example of 400
seats conference room
Cultural zone space study
Pic53. conference hall
sitting space
Pic55. exhibition
display layout
Pic54. exhibition display layout different field of
view in exhibitions
Pic51. contact relationship between audience and
stage
Pic50. audience viewing angel in auditorium
32

Sport yard
Pic56. basketball yard standard
Pic57. tennis yard standard
33

Table5. meting room layouts
Meeting rooms layout
Layout Bоаrdrооm (classic) Style U-Shape Style+
classroom style
Auditorium Stуlе
Location Business center +
Administration
Business center Culture building+
incubator
N. of space 4 1 1
Capacity per
space
20-15 person 10 person + 3speakers 450 person
Use • Agenda-focused
meetings.
• Video conferencing.
• Shorter sessions
involving open discussion.
• Workshop sessions
• For рrеѕеntаtiоn
• Training sessions.
• When audience discuss
certain aspects with their
neighbours or perform
minor tasks.
• For one-way
knowledge sharing.
• Audio -visual
рrеѕеntаtiоns.
Advantages • Executives gather around
a central table.
• Allows for сlоѕе рrоximitу
tо еасh оthеr.
• Fасilitаtеѕ соnvеrѕаtiоn
bеtwееn thе ѕреаkеr and
thе аudiеnсе.
• Multiple speakers take
turns to enter the middle
space.
• speaker is an interactive
part of presentation.
• participants are free to
take notes and interact
with each other.
• House lаrgе grоuрѕ
оf people, without
needing to take
nоtеѕ оr have any
interaction with each
оthеr.
• Passive learning.
• Speakers present
their topics and take
questions from the
audience.
Pic59. U shape
meeting room
Pic58. Bоаrdrооm
(classic) meeting room
Pic60. Auditorium meeting
room style
34

Training rooms
Seminar room:
Area: 121.10 m²
N. Of Users: 130
N. Of space: 1
Discussion room
* For practical and open discussion
type of lectures.
Space Dimensions: 7.55 * 10.20
Area: 77 m²
N. Of users: 32
N. Of space:3
Total area: 231 m²
Lecture hall
*For theoretical lectures.
Area: 157.92 m²
N. Of users: 32
N. Of space:3
Total area: 473.76 m²
Pic61 . Seminar room
Pic62 . Lecture room
Pic63 . Discussion room
35

Library study
Library space
Space area: 477.12 m²
N. Of space:1
N.Of users: 144
Space contains:
(bookshelves area)
E-library :
One Table dimension : 0.70* 0.97
area: 78.40 m²
N. Of space: 1
Users: 36
Pic64 . Library space
Pic65 . Library movement and furniture space
Pic66 . E-Library space
36

Fabrication lab and model making
Model making lab
* To design and assemble the prototype and MVP
model parts after preparing it in fabrication lab.
N.of users per lab: 32 N. Of space:2
One Table dimension: 2.65*0.70
N. of tables: 16
Space contains: lockers
Total area:282.32 m²
Pic69. model making lab
Fabrication lab:
* Contains tools and machines to prepare model
for hardware type of business ideas.
Space Dimensions: 16* 25
Space area: 400 m²
N. Of space:1
Pic68. fabrication lab floor plan
Pic67 . Fabrication lab interior space
37

Media lab
*Lab for Video production content of
the final product after tested in
product test lab as a marketing tool.
Control room
5.685* 4.973
Live room sound area
7.735* 8.254
Microphone room
2.277*2.277
E-lab
*Equipped computer lab For
software type of business ideas.
N.of users per lab: 16
N. Of space:2
Total area:102.72 m²
E-lab and media lab
Pic70. E-lab space requirement
Pic71. media lab plan
Pic72. production area interior shot
38

Residence: participants
Space area:26 m²
N.of users per room: 2
Total N. of residence: 10
N. Of space:6
Total area:156 m²
Mentors
Space dimension: 6.80* 6.25
N. Of users per room:1
Total number of residence:4
N.Of space: 2
Total area: 85m²
Residence space
9
32
∗ 100=28.125%
28.125% Participants from other states, 5 mentors residence because of 3 incubation stage +
2 for regional host.
participants residence
total participants
Pic74. room unit, with furnishing
variants
Pic73. room unit, exposed two sides
39

Dining hall and kitchen study
Individual work space :
Space Dimensions: 1.20*
1.20
Space area: 1.44m2
N. Of space: 6
Total area: 8.64 m2
Solo work
Pic76. dining hall table's dimensions
Pic75. dining hall movement area
Table6. variation in space needs in kitchen
with relation to number served
Pic77 . Restaurant kitchen floor plan
Pic78. solo work area
40

4.3. Space tables
4.3.1. Incubator space table
Type Space Area per
person
N.
Of
user
s
Light
N A
Ventilation
N A
Space
area
N.
Of
spa
ce
total
Brainstorming 1.20 m² 32     254m² 1 254m²
fabrication lab 32     400 m² 1 400 m²
Model making
lab
32     141.16
m²
2 282.32
m²
Discussion
room
1.20 m² 32     77 m² 3 231 m²
Jury hall 1.20 m² 200     257.4
m²
1 257.4 m²
Lecture hall 1.20 m² 32     157.9m
²
3 473.76m²
Seminar room 130     121m² 1 121 m²
Co-working 1.20 m² 32     254 m² 1 254 m²
Product test
lab
16     102.30
m²
1 102.30
m²
Media lab -----     121.36
m²
1 121.36m²
E- lab 1.20 m² 16     112.50
m²
2 225 m²
Entrepreneurs
hub
1.20 m² 50     122 m² 1 122 m²
Inspiration
zone
1.7m² 32     m² 1 135.75m²
Stress relief
zone
1.70m² 16     100.4m
²
1 100.4m²
Innovation
zone
1.70m² 16     122m² 1 122m²
3,200m²
I
n
c
u
b
a
t
o
r
Table7. incubator space table
41

4.3.2. Business center space table
Type Space Area
per
person
N.
Of
user
s
Light
N A
Ventilatio
n
N
A
Space
area
N.
Of
spa
ce
total
Training hall 1.20
m²
50     125 m² 2 250 m²
Meeting
rooms
1.20
m²
20     62 m² 2 124 m²
Lounge 1.6 m² 50     110 m² 1 110 m²
Reception 1.20
m²
100     152.70
m²
1 152.70
m²
Co-working 1.20
m²
110     580 m² 1 580 m²
Rental
offices
1.80m² 50     1,160
m²
1 1,160 m²
Seminar hall 1.20
m²
104     117.6
m²
1 117.6 m²
Library 1.20
m²
100     715.62
m²
1 715.62
m²
E-library 1.20
m²
14     127.74
m²
1 127.74
m²
3,350 m²
B
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
c
e
n
t
e
r
Table8. business center space table
42

Type Space Area
per
person
N. Of
users
Light
N A
Ventilation
N A
Space
area
N. Of
spac
e
total
Outdoor
sitting area
1.5m² 100     2,343
m²
1 2,343 m²
Sport yard ------     1,697
m²
1 1,697 m²
garden 1.7m² 100     754m² 1 754m²
5,300 m²
Type Space Area
per
person
N. Of
users
Light
N A
Ventilatio
n
N
A
Space
area
N. Of
spac
e
total
Permanent
exhibition
0.875
m²
300     672.587
m²
1 672.587
m²
Conference
hall
2.5 m² 650     2413.15
m²
1 2,413.1
5 m²
Event
courtyard
0.875
m²
1300     2900 m² 1 2,900
m²
6,000
m²
C
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
4.3.3. Cultural space table
Table9. cultural space table
Table10. entertainment space table
E
n
t
e
r
t
a
i
n
m
e
n
t
4.3.4. entertainment space table
43

Type Space Area
per
person
N. Of
user
Light
N A
Ventilatio
n
N A
Space
area
N. Of
space
total
Employers
Offices
1.8m² 4     56m² 8 448m²
Meeting
rooms
1.8m² 15     37.25
m²
2 74.50
m²
Archive 0.25 m² -------     23.70
m²
1 23.70
m²
Mentors
office
1.8m² 3     51.50
m²
7 360.5
0 m²
Manger
office
1.8m² 2     70m² 1 70m²
Lounge 1.2 m² 25     264
m²
2 528m²
1,500
m²
A
d
m
i
n
i
s
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
Table11. administration space table
4.3.5. Administration space table
Type Space Area
per
person
N. Of
users
Light
N A
Ventilation
N A
Space
area
N. Of
spac
e
total
Participants
residence
------ 2     26 m² 5 130m²
Mentors
residence
------ 1     34.37
5 m²
5 171.875
m²
Room
service
------     50 m² 2 100m²
Lobby 1.6 m² 14     80 m² 1 80m²
Reception 1.2 m² 14     80m² 1 80m²
Interaction
zone
1.7m² 5-9     80m² 2 160m²
750m²
R
e
s
i
d
e
n
c
e
Table12 residence space table
4.3.6. Residence space table
44

Type Space Area
per
person
N. Of
users
Light
N A
Ventilation
N A
Space
area
N. Of
spac
e
total
Food court 1.5 m²/
user
132     304.36
m²
1 304.36
m²
Kitchen 1.25
m²/
seat
800-
1300
meal
    300 m² 1 300 m²
Parking 12.5
m² per
parking
160     2,000
m²
1 2,000m²
Main
reception
1.2 m² 560     673m² 1 673m²
Toilets 1.3 m² 47     62 m² 10 620 m²
Prayer room 1 m2 200     242.16
1m²
2 484.32
m²
Ablution 0.5 m² 100     54.80
m²
2 109.60
m²
Mechanical
room
--------- ---------     56 m² 2 112m²
4,600
m²
S
e
r
v
i
c
e
Table13. service space table
4.3.7. Service space table
45

4.3.8. sum up table
Component percentage area
Incubator 8 % 3,200 m²
Business center 8.4 % 3,350 m²
Cultural 15 % 6,000 m²
Entertainment 13% 5,300 m²
Administration 4 % 1,500 m²
Residence 1.8% 750 m²
Service 11.5% 4,600 m²
Total built-up area 62% 24,700 m²
Landscape 30% 12,000 m²
Total 100% 40,000m²
Table14. sum-up space table
46

4.4. Relationship diagrams
Business
center
Cultural
Admini
stration
Service
Resid
ence
Key Relationship
Strong
Medium
Weak
Incubator
Fig10. General relationship diagram
Entertain
ment
47

Key Relationship
Strong
Medium
Weak
Classes
hall
Discussion
room
Social
space
Entertainment
Product labs
E-lab • fabrication lab.
• model making lab
• Media lab.
• Product test lab.
Fig11. incubator relationship diagram
• Jury hall
• Seminar room
• Lecture hall
• Co-working
• Brainstorming
• Entrepreneurs hub • Inspiration zone
• Stress relief zone
• Innovation zone
Incubator
Training
hall
Seminar hall
Co-working
area
Lounge
Meeting
rooms
Library
Rentable
offices
Fig12. business center relationship diagram
Business
center
48

Key Relationship
Strong
Medium
Weak
Fig13. residence relationship diagram
Fig14. service relationship diagram
Participants
residence
Mentors
residence
Lobby
Room
service
Interaction
zone
Mechanical
room
Electrical
room
Food
court
Prayer
rooms
Main
Reception
Ablution
Kitchen
Parkings
Resid
ence
Service
49

Key Relationship
Strong
Medium
Weak
lounge
Fig15. administration relationship diagram
Archive
• HR dept.
• Accounting dept.
• Strategy and Program
dept.
• Product and service
dept.
• Business development
dept.
• Public relation dept.
• Finance and
Procurement dept.
• Media and marketing
dept.
Mentors
offices
Employers
offices
meeting
rooms
Manager
office
Admini
stration
Conference
hall
Permanent
Exhibition
Event
courtyard
Fig16. cultural zone relationship diagram
Cultural
50

Key User
Participants
Members
Mentors-
Specialists
Visitors
Employers
4.5. Movement diagrams
4.5.1. General movement diagram
Key Density
Heavy
Middle
Light
Main Entrance
Administration
Incubator
Cultural
Residence
Service
Business center
Fig17. General movement diagram
51

4.5.2. Incubator movement diagrams
Seminar hall
fabrication lab
Discussion
rooms
Lecture hall
Model making
lab
Communication
area
Entertainment
area
Lobby
Fig18. incubator movement diagram
4.5.3. Business center movement diagrams
Fig19. business center movement diagram
Seminar hall
Library
Co-working area
Meeting rooms
Training hall
Communication
area
rentable offices
Reception
Key User
Participants
Members
Mentors-
Specialists
Visitors
Employers
Key Density
Heavy
Middle
Light
52

Key User
Participants
Members
Mentors-
Specialists
Visitors
Employers
4.5.4. Cultural zone movement diagrams
Key Density
Heavy
Middle
Light
Fig20. cultural zone center movement diagram
Conference hall
Permanent
exhibition
Event courtyard Reception
Lobby
4.5.5. Administration movement diagram
Fig21. Administration movement diagram
Mentors offices
Employers
offices
meeting rooms
Lounge
Manager office
Archive
53

4.5.6. Residence movement diagram
Participants
residence
Interaction zone
Mentors
residence
Reception
Room service
Fig22. residence movement diagram
Interaction zone
4.5.7. service movement diagram
Fig23. service movement diagram
Prayer room
Kitchen
Ablution
Main reception
Food court
Mechanical room Electrical room
Parking
Key User
Participants
Members
Mentors-
Specialists
Visitors
Employers
Key Density
Heavy
Middle
Light
54

4.6.2. Suggested locations
Location criteria:
• Ease of accessibility for lecturers and center`s visitors.
• Near to CBD and a central location to serve as a region`s symbol to creativity
investment.
• Area allows future expansion.
• Quite area away from noise causes.
• Availability of public facilities and services ( water, electricity, network connection and
internet…..)
• Vital site location that assist the collaboration with community institutions .
Location A
Location: Al Qiada street-
Khartoum.
Neighborhood:
North: residential
South: street
East: celebration hall
West: Ebed Khatim
St
Area: 31,0000 m²
• Approximately 6 min ( 2.4 km)
away from the city center CBD.
Location B
Location: Africa st-
Khartoum
Neighborhood:
North: African Quran
printing
South : street
East:: Al Azhari road
West: sport city
Area: 38,800 m²
Approximately 28 min (11 km) away from
CBD .
Location C
Location: Africa street-
Khartoum
Neighborhood:
North: street
South : child city East:
street
West: Salam hotel
Area: 40,000 m²
• Approximately 17 min
(8.4 km) away from
CBD.
4.6. site analysis
4.6.1. Location criteria
Pic79. Location A suggestion
Pic80. Location B suggestion
Pic81. Location C
suggestion
55

Criteria Percentage A B C
1- Accessibility From CBD 15% 15% 5% 9 %
2- Area 15% 8% 12% 15%
3- Quietness 15% 8% 10 % 12%
4-Neighborhood effects 15% 5% 8% 15%
5-Services 15% 13% 10% 13%
6- Possibility of expansion 10% 3 % 5% 8%
7- Topography 10% 10% 10% 10%
8- views 5% 2% 0% 2%
Sum 100 64% 60 % 84%
Best location according to site comparison: C because of
1. Area allowed future expansion.
2. Availability of accommodation ( Salam hotel) that
contains administration building.
3. Accessibility near form CBD.
4. Classification of site as an investment location.
4.6.3. Site comparison
Table15. locations comparison
Pic82. site Location dimension
56

4.7. .Site analysis
4.7.1. Urban study
4.7.1.1. Land use analysis
4.7.1.2. Accessibility analysis
57

4.7.1.3. Streets analysis
From the study of movement around site,
movement density, movement directions,
and streets width:
• Main entrance from east side to
reduce the high density of Africa
street.
• Sub of Africa street : entrance of
employers and visitors.
• Sub of Al Shargi street for service
whereas near to public transport .
Main entrance for participants, mentors, and admin.
employers, visitors.
Service and workers entrance.
58

4.7.2. Environmental study
4.7.2.1. Temperature analysis
Thermal comfort of human between (21-23)
Summary:
• Max temperature in April 42.7 °
• Min temperature in January+ December 15.1 °
The temperature is high in
most of the year
• Using of insulating materials
for roof and exterior finishing
• Use shading for windows
• Use trees to cool the
temperature down.
• Use light colors in the façade
to reflect sun rays.
Fig24. Average temperature by months
Meteorological authority 2010-2020
4.7.2.2. Sun solar analysis
Pic83. sun solar in site
59

Indicators Guidelines
North glazing will only receive diffuse light
for the majority of the year.
No shading devices are required (pic41)
The altitude angles of the sun at east
and west are so low in the early morning
and late afternoon, being near to
horizontal (Pic40 )
windows face north or south( Pic44)
Vertical fines ( pic42)
South facing façade. Use horizontal shading device ( Pic40)
The sun hits the façade from the north
east and north west during the summer.
Fins can be used to control this oblique
light.
( pic43 )
Note: The effectiveness of louvers depends on the sun angle where the design
locate, and the extension of the louver from the external wall.
Pic86. vertical
fins distance
Pic84. east and west sun angle
Pic88. north and south shaped window
Pic87. vertical fins
depth
Pic85.south and north radiation
Table16. shading system in correlation with direction
60

4.7.2.3. Wind direction and speed analysis
Fig26. Average observation of wind speed by
direction , Meteorological authority 2010-2020
Direction
Mileh
Wind
speed
Summary:
• North wind in
( 1- 2-4-5-11-12)months.
• Northwest wind in march.
• Southwest in ( 6-7-8-9-10) months.
• High wind speed in (1–2-3- 6-7 )
• Low wind speed in 8.
Most of wind coming
from north and
southwest direction.
• Design spaces that
need natural
ventilation in North
direction.
• Use green belt to
reduce the effect of
dust wind in
southwest direction.
Mileh
Fig25. wind speed by months
Pic89. wind direction in site
61

100
%
Fig28. Relative humidity by months
Relative
humidity
Summary:
High rainfall in August
(42.7 mm) then
October, July,
September, June.
• Use water proofing
materials on roof.
• Light roof slop to
drain water rain.
• Khafagah on roof.
4.7.2.4.Rainfall level analysis
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Fig27, Average rainfall observation by months
Summary:
High humidity percentage
during rainfall seasons .(
7-8-9) reach 50 %.
The other months reach
15% which is less than the
comfort level 35%.
• Design buildings to
allow natural air flow
circulation in between
masses.
• Use vapor insulation in
roof and walls
Notes:
• East side heavy traffic, creates noise source
• Sub street at north has medium noise impact
because it has low traffic, but the high noise
source is from celebration hall.
• The south side of the park is unused and empty
which has less noise effect.
• The outdoor activity of the hotel at west side
already fenced with trees and the nature of
hotel impact quietness.
4.7.2.5.Relative humidity analysis
4.7.2.6.Noise analysis
Pic90. site noise analysis
62

North West side
Height: 4 floors
Materials: brick
Use: mixed use
4.7.3.functional study
4.7.3.1. Site views and neighborhood
North side view ,Al Hadari hall
Pic95.south Shot showing unused
child city boundary
Pic96. Site land: Sandy soil ,
almost flat
East side; weeds
Al Salam Rotana hotel
Height: 4 floors
Use: residential
East side
Height: 3-4 floors
Material: brick
Use commercial
4.7.4.Data gathering
Pic91. East side site view
Pic92. north west side site view
Pic93. North side site view
Pic94. west side site view
Pic97. Site data gathering 63

• Office buildings proposed to be approximately in rectangular form with the longitudinal
axis of the building aligned along the north-south direction where minimum heat is
received, the cabins toward North to make use of the comfort zone with no direct
sunrays.
• Air conditioned rooms are placed towards the south.
• Acoustical treatment is to be done for clear human speech, echoes and other sources
of noise in the building.
Library space:
• Shelving systems: can be integrated into the design of the room or installed as modular
and adaptable units.
• Acoustic and Visual Privacy: Library space types will typically include reading and
private work/study areas that require acoustic and visual separation from general
circulation and work areas.
• Plan for fire protection, and information security.
Library standard:
Two access doors of width (1.5 m) are provided satisfying the minimum width, the table
width is (2.0 m) satisfying a minimum of 1.85m, to allow members on both the sides with
their papers.
4.9.Planning and design standards
Indicators Guidelines
Street from east & north direction Entrance form east or north.
Less noise in west direction Design quite areas
(Library & offices) in west.
hot dust wind From Southwest • Design ( storages, maintenance department) area
that doesn’t need natural ventilation in Southwest
direction.
• Use tree barriers and green belts to reduce sand
effect.
Prevailing wind from north side • Design spaces that need natural ventilation to north
side.
4.8. Indicators and guidelines
Table17. Site indicators and guidelines
64

Seminar hall standard:
• The back to back spacing between two rows is (100cm).
• Passages along the width of the room is having minimum width of (1m).
• A minimum width of (1.2)m is provided in between the rows of the seats and
sidewall.
Lecture hall considerations:
l. Seating and writing surfaces
2. Space and furnishings for the lecturer
3. The use of wall space, including chalkboards, screens, size and location of
windows, etc.
4. Facilities for projection and television
5. Coat racks, storage, and other conveniences
6. Acoustics and lighting
7. Heating and air conditioning
8. Aesthetic considerations
Meeting room should be enclosed room equipped with appropriate information and
communication technology.
In conference room, separate room is provided to serve as a storage space.
Building regulations in Khartoum:
• The width of staircase turn shouldn’t be less than 1.2m in commercial and
service buildings.
• The number of steps in one turn should not exceed 14 and not less than 3.
• In Restaurants 3 toilets for every 100 person.
• Corridors between rooms in residence area not less than 1.50 m
• In event hall should provide emergency exits not less than 2 exits , and it doesn’t
exceed length of 20 m from farthest seat.
• I wc for each 100 seats with a consideration of special needs toilets.
• I parking for each 8 seats in event hall.
65

Fig. concept keywords
66
5.1. Concept and zoning
3 keywords formed the design:
• Every business starts with an idea, and so where the plants start with a bud and there
where the form came from.
• The social connecting between startups and investors which translated into courtyard,
walkway around the building ,and other shared spaces.
• Such idea generating space needs an inspiration and this what the biophilic concept can
reflect.
Considering wind and ventilation the form were rotated, so that most of spaces can open to
north-south wind
Pic 98. design zoning Pic 99.. design first prelim plan

67
5.2. Design development stages
• Courtyard were not well used as a multi function space
• Walkway needed to be shorter and livable interaction area, as well as roof garden.
• Conference hall area needed to be designed with all services, considering VIP visitors ,
audience and speakers entrances .

• Courtyard divided to different activities to get use of the space.
• Residence entrance needed to be identified and its access was conflicting with main
cafeteria.
• Ramp design were integrated within the roof garden instead of being an access only.
• Wide glassed façade missed the louver design according to sun direction so heat and glare
will be controlled.
68

6.1. water supply & electricity distribution
69
El Nakhla tank T1 T 2 T3 T4
Feeding zone Business center +
incubator
Residence Mentors+ admin Service + culture
Description Vertical underground
tank, dim plastic, 2
layers
Horizontal
elevated tank,
dim plastic, 2
layers
Vertical elevated
tank, dim plastic,
2 layers
Horizontal
underground
tank, dim plastic,
2 layers
Capacity 15,000 L 550 L 1,500 L 12,000 L
Dimensions d=280 cm
h=350 cm
Inlet= 54cm
L=188 cm
w=116 cm
h= 119 cm
d=40 cm
d=205 cm
h=202 cm
Inlet= 40cm
L=188 cm
w=116 cm
h= 119 cm
D=40 cm
I US gallon= 3.8 L
Business center
100* 30g =3,000glday
Incubator
32* 15g= 480 glday
Conference hall
650*5g=3,000 glday
Exhibition
300* 5g=1,500 glday
Event courtyard
1300*5g= 6,500 glday
Residence
14 * 40g=560 glday
Offices+ reception+ mentors
46*30=1,380 glday
Workers ( service)20 *30 g=600 glday
total water need :17,020 glday =~ 65,000 Lday
Water usage:
Table18. tanks specifications in project
Pic100. Site plan showing tanks position
T1
T2
T3
T4

70
• Electricity distribution from main panel in
electrical room to DB1,DB2,DB3,DB4
• A stand by generator on the east side in cut
off duration with an auto changeover switch.
• Using a sprinkler system for irrigation
diameter of 3.65.
• 3 angle hose valves in main, sub, and
service entrances for fire department outlet
connection 2.30` d.
Note:
• Main electricity
cable 630 mm
• Electricity
distribution
cable 70 mm
• Outdoor
lighting every
15.00.
Legend Indications
Underground pvc water pipe
Copper 1 `d valve
Underground tank
Water pump
Elevated tank
Underground electricity cable
DB Distribution bored
Transformer
Main control panel
Sub distribution bored
Standby generator
Switch
Outdoor lighting
Pic101. site showing water supply and electricity distribution

• Roof drainage
Roof divided every 15 m in slope of 1:100 to drain water to landscape direction so it can
be used for irrigation by gutter and then to down pipe, extra water will be drained to
trench.
• Landscape drainage:
to drain pipe then to trench by slope of 1:100.
• Site drainage:
Through gutter then by down pipe to trench then collecting in reserve tank to be used
later for irrigation.
6.2. Rainwater drainage
71
Pic103. Roof Gutter
Pic104. rainwater trench
Notes:
• Pvc down pipe
3`
• Trench:
Depth=0.3m,
w=0.33m,L=1m
drainage opening
d=2`
Legend Indications
Site drainage direction
Building drainage direction
Trench
Down pipe
Gutter
Grass drainage
Pic102. site showing rainwater drainage solution

6.3. Sewage system
72
Notes:
• Manhole every 6m
• Sewage slope 1:60
• Manhole 0.60* 0.60
• Gully trap 0.30* 0.30
• 2 wells and septic in building near service
entrance.
• pumps after the depth of 1.50.
Legend Indications
Pvc waste pipe
Duct
Septic tank
Manhole
Gully trap
Well
Clean water pipe
Soil pipe
Floor drain
Pic105. manhole details
MH
GT
Part plan showing sewage system:
Participants residence

6.4. fire fighting system
73
Pic107. First floor part plan, business center fire fighting system
Pic106. Fire rated door
Legend Indications
Emergency scape route
Alternate scape route
Emergency exit
Water extinguisher
Co2 extinguisher
Manuel alarm
Main sprinkler pipe
Sub sprinkler pipe
Water sprinkler
Fire rated door
• Fire fighting water supply from a reserve water in
the main tank for each zone (mentioned earlier in
water supply system).
• Manuel fire alarm on all corridors near exit doors,
and water extinguishers every 20 m along corridor .
• Co2 extinguishers in mechanical and electrical
rooms, wet chemical Manuel extinguisher in kitchen,
along with photoelectric smoke detector because it
is less prone to false alarm form burnt food .
• Water pendent sprinkler head type in offices,
business center, incubator, and residence.
• Fire rated doors in every emergency exits, with a
rating of 90 minutes.
• Using walkway as an emergency exit with 2 fixed
folded emergency staircases accessed from any
space within first floor.
Pic108. Pendent
sprinkler head
Pic109. reserve tank
for fire fighting

All air system
• 3 Air handling units on the rooftop serving the building as shown in site plan, supply by a
series of separate single zone systems.
• This system is simple in design, maintenance and low first cost compared to other
systems, but the duct space add to the building height detract from usable space.
• The place of AHU away from conditioned space help reduce noise levels, it supply close
range of (± 0.15 c) and humidity (± o.5 %)
• One control device such as thermostat located in the zone controls of the operation
system, Control by on–off to meet the required thermal load of every single zone.
6.5. Air condition system
74
Pic112. air handling unit
Legend Indications
Air handling unit on roof
Supply air duct
Return air duct
Supply air outlet
Return air outlet
AHU
AHU
AHU
Pic110. Site plan showing AHU and feeding zone
AHU
Pic111. all air system single zone

6.6. structural grid
75
Pic117. Settlement joint
Pic116. Expansion joint
Pic115. site plan showing joints
Expansion joints provided in
building whenever the length or
width exceeds 45 m( in concrete
building) to resist stresses as
shown in blue line( 25mm joints
width).
Settlement joints placed where
there is discontinuity in masses (
low mass meets tall masses ) and
in intersection of U shape, to avoid
adjoining masses to settle in
different rates due to different
bearing capacity.
6.7. expansion and settlement joints
Pic113. Site plan showing structure grid
Pic114. Radial grid
Slab and roof:
Cast in -Concrete roof
One way joist slab covered with
suspended celling.
Grid and structure system:
Concrete column whereas spans
are limited to 8 , while 12 m span
composite column where used to
reinforce concrete column span.
• In conference hall the structure
system is steel portal frame.
Wall:
Brick wall
Foundation:
Raft foundation

REFERENCES
‫وزارة‬
،‫الخرطوم‬ ‫بوالية‬ ‫البناء‬ ‫تنظيم‬ ‫الئحة‬ ،‫العامة‬ ‫المرافق‬ ‫و‬ ‫العمراني‬ ‫التخطيط‬
2008
.
Books
[1] David Littlefield, “Metric handbook planning and design data,’’ 3rd Edition, UK, Elsevier
Ltd,2008.
[2] E, P Neufert, “Neufert Architects’ Data,’’ 4th Edition, UK, Blackwell publishing,2012.
[3] Francis D. K., B. O. “Building Structures illustrated,’’ 2nd Edition, Canada, John Wiley &
Sons,2014.
[4] Joseph C and john H.C, “ Time-saver Standards for Building Types,’’ 2nd Edition,
Singapore, McGraw-Hill,1987.
Websites
[5] ArchDaily
[6] Billetto, “ 6 conference room styles to choose from,’’ https://billetto.co.uk/l/conference-
room-styles.
[7] British business bank, “ what is a business incubator,’’ https://www.british-business-
bank.co.uk/finance-hub/what-is-a-business-incubator/.
[8] Cemexventures, (2021 February) “startups-stages-phases,’’
https://www.cemexventures.com/startup-stages-phases/.
[9] CFI , “ Business Incubator,’’
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/other/business-incubator/.
[10] Khanna, M, “ different types of office layouts,’’
https://www.commercialproperty2sell.com.au/blog/2018/03/different-types-of-office-
layouts.php.
[11] Knoema, “ world Data Atlas/ Sudan,’’
https://knoema.com/atlas/Sudan#atlas-tabshttps://knoema.com/atlas/Sudan#atlas-tabs
[12] MASAYILA, “ African`s Top Business Incubators,’’ http://ayibamagazine.com/africas-
top-business-incubators/.
Research paper
[13] K. Thoring, R. M.-S. “ design principles for creative spaces,’’ resreachgates,
Netherlands, 2018 .
Report
[14] T.B.Green, “ 14 patterns of Biophilic design, ’’ Terrapin bright green, New York, 2014.
Field visit
- 249 Startups- Sudan
- Site location
- Ministry of planning and infrastructure
Similar previous projects
76

APPENDICES
100 simple
random
responses of
business
owners in
Sudan from
both gender
and different
ages.
spread online.
Sample of
survey:
6 specified
closed questions
(multiple
choice).
Types of
questions Google forms
Tools:
Survey analysis :
Survey questions and results:
• To Know the targeted ratio of business owners in Sudan.
• To know the acceptance ratio among business owners in Sudan for
such program of incubating ideas.
• To know the interest ratio of conference and activities related to
business, so can include them in design.
• To highlight the most Difficulties business owners in Sudan face so
can solve them functionally as ( tools provided and space design).
Reason of
survey:
Do u have your own
business?
Yes
No
I have future plan
How do you evaluate
your project?
Fail
Success
Oscillating
I don’t have
Are you ready to
participate in business
development program?
Yes
No
Did you attend events
( conference,
exhibitions….) for
entrepreneurs in Sudan
before?
Yes
No
What are the hardest
difficulties you have faced?
Marketing
Finding partner or sponsor
Venture capital
Supportive institute
Application platform
Have you ever heard about
program of developing and
incubating entrepreneurs in
Sudan:
yes
No
77

Survey outcomes: Design guides
Business funding is the main key that the
program should provide, since it is the
most difficulty business owners in Sudan
face.
Design spaces for Communication to build
social network, and connection with
investors.
Less of conferences conducted in Sudan
related to business.
Consider spaces for important events and
conferences related to business.
Marketing is the second difficulties
business owners in Sudan face.
Consider spaces for theoretical lectures
related to business and practical workshop
spaces.
Less number of business owners in Sudan
heard about such incubation program.
• Create an open opportunities for local
participants by online application for
the program, and open the program
annually after the incubation end.
• Such building can serve as an
important symbol of investment in
country.
Few number of survey`s participants don’t
willing to participate in incubating program.
Design permanent gallery space to
emphasis on the success of such program
outcomes.
Some of survey`s participants have future
business plan but didn’t start yet.
• Design encouraging and vibrant
spaces that attract creative minds.
• Provide all the tools and recourses
that meet the business demands.
Conclusion of Survey :
Table19. survey conclusion
78

Creative Business Incubator Project Report

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