Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. Some scholars pinpoint the origin of statistics to 1663, with the publication of Natural and Political Observations upon the Bills of Mortality by John Graunt. Early applications of statistical thinking revolved around the needs of states to base policy on demographic and economic data, hence its stat- etymology. The scope of the discipline of statistics broadened in the early 19th century to include the collection and analysis of data in general. Today, statistics is widely employed in government, business, and natural and social sciences.

1. Welcome To
❤ My ❤
Presentation

2. Hello!
I am Marjuk Ahmed Siddiki
ID: 171-15-8959
Daffodil International University

3. Our
Presentation
Is
Statistics
and
Probability
3

4. What is
Statistics
?
4
Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with the
collection, organization, analysis, interpretation and
presentation of data.

5. History of
Statistics
Some scholars pinpoint the origin of statistics to 1663,
with the publication of Natural and Political
Observations upon the Bills of Mortality by John Graunt.
Early applications of statistical thinking revolved around
the needs of states to base policy on demographic and
economic data, hence its stat- etymology. The scope of
the discipline of statistics broadened in the early 19th
century to include the collection and analysis of data in
general. Today, statistics is widely employed in
government, business, and natural and social sciences.
5
John Graunt

6. Statistics
Variables
6

7. Scales of
Measurement
7

8. Measures of
Central
Tendency
8

9. Arithmetic
Mean
9
Arithmetic Mean: The arithmetic mean is the most
commonly used and readily understood measure of
central tendency. In statistics, the term average refers
to any of the measures of central tendency.
Example:

10. Harmonic
Mean
10
Harmonic Mean: The harmonic mean is an average. It
is calculated by dividing the number of observations
by the reciprocal of each number in the series. Thus,
the harmonic mean is the reciprocal of the arithmetic
mean of the reciprocals.
Example:

11. Geometric
Mean
11
Geometric Mean: The geometric mean is a type of
average , usually used for growth rates, like population
growth or interest rates.
Example:

12. Mid Point
12
Mid Point: The midpoint is the middle point of a line
segment. It is equidistant from both endpoints, and it
is the centroid both of the segment and of the
endpoints.
Example:

13. Mode
13
Mode: The mode is a statistical term that refers to the
most frequently occurring number found in a set of
numbers. The mode is found by collecting and
organizing data in order to count the frequency of
each result. The result with the highest number of
occurrences is the mode of the set.

14. Range
14
Range: In statistics, the range of a set of data is the
difference between the largest and smallest values.

15. Bar Graph
15
Bar Graph: A bar chart or bar graph is a chart or graph
that presents categorical data with rectangular bars
with heights or lengths proportional to the values that
they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or
horizontally.

16. Use of
statistics in
real life
16
Bar Graph

17. Pie Chart
17
Pie Chart: A pie chart is a circular statistical graphic
which is divided into slices to illustrate numerical
proportion. In a pie chart, the arc length of each slice,
is proportional to the quantity it represents.

18. Use of
statistics in
real life
18

19. Line Graph
19
Line Graph: A line chart or line graph is a type of chart
which displays information as a series of data points
called 'markers' connected by straight line segments.

20. Histogram
Graph
20Histogram Graph: The major difference is that
a histogram is only used to plot the frequency of score
occurrences in a continuous data set that has been
divided into classes, called bins. Bar charts, on the
other hand, can be used for a great deal of other types
of variables including ordinal and nominal data sets.

21. Histogram
Graph
21

22. Histogram
VS
Bar Diagram
22

23. Skewness
23
Skewness: Skewness is the measurement of the lack
of symmetry of the distribution. That is when a
distribution is not symmetrical it is called a skewed
distribution.

24. Positive
Skewned
Distribution
24
Tow types e different:
1. 1. Positive skew
2. 2.negative skew.

25. Kurtosis
25
Skewness: Skewness is the measurement of the lack
of symmetry of the distribution. That is when a
distribution is not symmetrical it is called a skewed
distribution.
Three types of distribution with respect to kurtosis:
1. Lepokurtic distribution,
2. Platy kurtic
3. Mesoku Kurtic

26. Kurtosis
26
Leptokurtic distribution: Peaked distribution or more
peaked then symmetric curve.
Platykurtic distribution: Flat distribution or less
peaked then symmetric curve
Mesokurtic distribution: Normal distribution or
symmetrical distribution

27. Thanks
To ❤ All