The Poor Dbq

The Poor Dbq
Europe wanted to support the poor as long as they had or were looking for a job, but they didn't want the people that were on the streets begging for
money instead of looking for a job. Europe wanted didn't want to have to deal with the people on the streets, they wanted to just get rid of them.
In documents two and five, Juan Luis Vives a spanish humanist and Cardinal Richelieu a royal councilor talk about how the jobless are no good for
the society. Vives says that when the general funds are expended the people will be "driven to robbery" to get the money that they need. Women will
be "put on sale" just to be able to live their lives. Even the churched "shut out" the poor from practicing their beliefs. Vives thinks that the poor need to
be funded in some way, because if they aren't it will lead to chaos in the city. In document five Richelieu that people stop trying... Show more content
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In document three Charles V says that we should not permit the poor to beg for alms or they will "abandon their trade or occupation" to live on the
streets. It will lead to them "condemn[ing]" their daughters to poverty. Charles V was the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire as well as the
Netherlands, he said this to better his country and the lives of his people. In document four the town council of France talked about what they should
do with the poor and the unemployed. They thought that the people of france that are unwilling to work should be "expelled from the city." If they
are not working but looking for a job they should be put on a "work site... in exchange for food" until they are able to find work. They want to make
sure that they will still be able to defend their country if they expel the unwilling. The two speakers do not want the unemployed on the streets begging
for food, but instead they want them to be looking for
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Essay on Ap Euro Review Packet
Ap Packet page 6 D. English Civil War 1. Political– One of the causes was Charles's I unsuccessful attempt to arrest five members of Parliament,
known as the Grand Remonstrance, on January 4, 1642. Another cause was who should have the power in the country and inflation forced up prices in
all parts of Europe. An effect would be that England became a Commonwealth and a Protectorate. Parliamentary supremacy was another effect. 2.
Religious–One of the causes was that the Puritans, sought to do away with bishops and revise the Prayer book; Charles fought against them. The main
cause was over religion in which the puritans accused Charles and Laud of leaning towards Roman Catholicism. Effects are the protestant church
established and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Henry IV was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. He was the first monarch of the Bourbon branch of the
Capetian dynasty in France. As a Huguenot, Henry was involved in the Wars of Religion before ascending the throne in 1589. Before his
coronation as King of France at Chartres, he changed his faith from Calvinism to Catholicism and, in 1598, he enacted the Edict of Nantes, which
guaranteed religious liberties to the Protestants, thereby effectively ending the civil war. One of the most popular French kings, both during and
after his reign, Henry showed great care for the welfare of his subjects and displayed an unusual religious tolerance for the time. By him granting
religious liberties to the Protestants he was helping establishing a modern state in France. 3. Cardinal Richelieu was consecrated as a bishop in
1608, he later entered politics, becoming a Secretary of State in 1616. Richelieu soon rose in both the Catholic Church and the French government,
becoming a Cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624. The Cardinal de Richelieu was often known by the title of the King's
"Chief Minister" or "First Minister". As a result, he is considered to be the world's first Prime Minister, in the modern sense of the term. He sought to
consolidate royal power and crush domestic factions. By restraining the power of the nobility, he transformed France into a strong, centralized

Three Musketeers Thesis
"One for all, and all for one!" The most famous and noticeable line in the Three Musketeers folklore legacy whether it be from the films to the original
book by Alexandre Dumas. Although this famous line has been used throughout many reworks and adaptations of the three musketeers, many films
have not followed in the footsteps of the original book and have changed things to best appeal to the audience. Most noticeably we see this in the 1993
Musketeer movie directed by Stephen Herek that proclaimed that the main character D'Artagnan, father was killed to set a tense mood. However with
that being said, there are also many things that reflect the time in which the book was written and also the social and political hierarchy and structure of
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As previously mentioned, the hierarchy of which the French population was separated was from that of religious figures being the highest to common
folk were placed at the rock bottom of the pyramid. In the film this can be interpreted by the open fields and the villages in which people were trading
their crops for money or buying them among themself to live off of. France just like any other place during this time in Europe and also worldwide was
mostly agricultural as the first industrial revolution started in the 1700's by that of England first. With that being said the implementation of showing
the countryside and the social interactions between D'artagnan and the locals was another way that Stephen Herek subtly shown how France was
during this time.
Ironically the whole plot of the Three Musketeers is a socio–political statement in itself. If not understood by reading the book by Alexandre Dumas
and watching the films, the main plot is that Cardinal Richelieu plots against the king of France, Louis XIII. In particular this film puts it in which
Cardinal Richelieu plots to form an alliance with England as France is about to go to war. For the Cardinal to even be able to do something

Europe And Poverty In Europe
From 1450 to 1700, one half of Europe's population was in poverty. The Great Famine, Black Death, and the Hundred Year War led to poverty
becoming more and more visible to individuals during that time. In the social class system, peasants represented the lowest class and most of them
were impoverished. kings, popes, and emperors set rules restricting peasants from society and didn't see them as members of society. Priests as well as
doctors felt sympathetic for the peasants. As one can see, different classes saw poverty differently.
Although the rich and the working people of society had a negative view on the poor, priests, royalty, and those who followed Christianity saw
poverty in another light. They knew that poverty was hurting the society but instead of spitting on the poor, they took initiative to help the poor and
make sure they would be able to help the society get better as well. Emperor Charles V, in an imperial decree for the Netherlands in 1531, stated that
"indigents unable to earn a living, should receive food and sustenance, to the glory of God, our Savior, and according to His will"(Document 2). The
Holy Roman Emperor was a Catholic ruler, and a very determined
Samantaray/Nguyen 2
Catholic at that. He fought many wars to preserve the faith in his empire and as a Catholic, he dutifully assisted the needy by motivating his subjects
to donate and help feed the underprivileged. Even though Charles believes that alms can make a beggar idle, he still makes his

Ferdinand Of The Thirty Years Of War
Sixteenth century Europe was amidst the most prominent religious changes, stemming from a single German priest who started the domino effect now
known as the Reformation. Embraced by Northern Humanism, a Renaissance ideal that spread to the Holy Roman Empire, Martin Luther picked out
the major corruptions of the Catholic Church and began his own branch of religion known as Protestantism. Protestants and Catholics became
stone–cold enemies. The battle for legitimacy of Protestantism was a strenuous battle, but finally came to the light at the end of the tunnel in 1555
when the Peace of Augsburg was signed and issued, giving German princes the power to choose between Protestantism and Catholicism (Coy). Yet, just
when the worldwide feud began... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before the war, Germany was actually amidst a period of economic success. The rivalry of feuding neighboring princes who engaged in the Protestant
vs Catholic battle fueled the national economy in trade and industry. Yet, post Thirty Years' War, we see financial limitations on a regional and national
level, from the studies and collections of 17th century wages in Germany from Moritz J. Elsass. Inama Sternegg stated the population decline in the
Holy Roman Empire throughout the Thirty Years' War was about two
–thirds. Urban populations took to the economic decline the hardest. Magdeburg
shrunk in population by 96% (Rabb). There were no gains in population or economic prosperity, mainly losses and at best stagnation. Nowhere did the
Holy Roman Empire benefit from the Thirty Years' War. The population decline was the panic button, where the big trouble hits when citizens cannot
even continue to live in these environments. Poverty was a plague that spread throughout the Holy Roman Empire, and was a key factor in the Holy
Roman Empire's disintegration and ultimate

Essay On German Monarchs
German Monarchs Web Quest
1. The Peace of Augsburg was a treaty that ended the rebellion caused by Martin Luther's ideas. Lutheranism and Calvinism were granted freedom in
this treaty but Protestantism was excluded.
2. Austria and Prussia were the two main power players in Germany.
3. The Hohenzollern and Hapsburg family dynasty held power in the German states.
4.
5. Gustavus Adolphus was the king of Sweden from 1611 to 1632. He was Lutheran and he died in battle.
6. Cardinal Richelieu was in charge of several campaigns against the Huguenots during the Thirty Years' War. He signed the treaty of La Rochelle, but
then proceeded to go back on his promise and killed thousands of Huguenots. Cardinal Mazarin succeeded Cardinal Richelieu and created ... Show
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Maria Theresa reigned for 40 years and Frederick the Great reigned for 46 years. Frederick the Great was extremely tolerant of other religions, but
favored Protestantism while Maria Theresa was Roman Catholic. Maria Theresa had 16 children and her family was extremely important to her.
Frederick the Great experienced a traumatic childhood because his father abused him. Frederick the Great was known for his military victories while
Maria Theresa was not. She did however, strengthen the army.
15. Maria Theresa and Frederick the Great were fighting over Silesia in 1740 which was known as the Seven Years' War.
16. Prussian militarism was very similar to Germany's militarism during the world wars. German military traditions are stated to be based off of Prussia
's and both German and Prussian armies were very strong, uncompromising, and brutal.
17. King Ferdinand II was elected King of Bohemia in 1618 and he did not respect the people's religious freedom, especially Protestants. This led to
the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War.
18. Maria Theresa became heir to the throne of Austria and Hungary. It was difficult for her to inherit the throne because she was a woman and often
female leaders were not respected. Also, the Salic Law, put into place by Charles VI, prevented a woman from inheriting the throne. However, the
Pragmatic Sanction altered that law to allow women to rule. Prussia became her greatest

Louis Xiv Research Paper
Louis XIV, son of Louis XIII (1601–43) and Spanish Queen Anne of Austria (1601–67), was born on September 5, 1638 in the ChГўteau of St.
Germain. Louis XIV was hailed as a miracle due to being the King and Queen's first child after 23 years of marriage, and the newborn Dauphin was
referred to as "DieudonnГ©" meaning the gift of God (Lewis 4). Cardinal Richelieu, who arguable founded the system that was eventually perfected
by Louis XIV, had controlled effective government under Louis XIII and was the virtual ruler of France from 1624 until his death (Matthews et al.
386). When Richelieu passed, Anne of Austria ensured that power should only pass into the hands of Cardinal Mazarin Jules Mazarin (1602–61), a
trusted ally of both her and Richelieu (Judge 2). On May 14, 1643, Louis XIII died while his son was... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The wars lasted until 1653. In 1661, Mazarin passed, and at age 23, Louis XIV took power of the government, marking the beginning of a period.
Louis would rule alone, only asking advice at his discretion (Judge 2). He approached his rule with the beliefs that the functions and duty of a king
were to wage war and secure recognition of his glory, and he soon proved that the King was to be absolute, adopting the name "the Sun King" in tying
himself to the God Apollo (Judge 16). He inherited this absolutism, the claim to rule by divine right and based off of monarchical authority. Absolute
monarchs were not limited; they controlled all competing interest groups, regulated all religious sects, kept the law and armed forces under exclusive
control, and dominance was often established through the threat of punishment and violence. An absolute monarch was responsible to God alone
(Lossky

Compare And Contrast The Lodun Dilemmas In The Crucible
The Crucible is a play written by Arthur Miller to compare his own life experiences to the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. In The Crucible, young
girls in Salem Village start to act strange. They blame their behavior on witchcraft and begin to accuse certain people they do not like or get along
with of practicing witchcraft on them. Salem's community is very religious and fears the Devil and his powers, the slightest suspicion of sorcery
causes panic. Even without evidence against the convicted people, the community and court believe the girls' claims and execute everyone that is
accused of witchcraft. The Loudun Possessions are witchcraft accusations that take place in Loudun France in 1634. A nun named Sister Jeanne
claims that she has been taunted and possessed by demons. A priest named Urbain Grandier is accused of forcing witchcraft upon her and is later
ruled guilty and burned at the stake. The Crucible and the Loudun Possessions are similar because there are people convicted of crimes without court
proven evidence and both have motives of revenge. The Crucible begins in the house of Reverend Parris, his daughter Betty is laying in her bed
unconscious. The night before, Betty and several other girls that live in Salem travel into the woods with the Parris's slave named Tituba. Tituba and
the girls dance, cast spells, and drink blood. These activities are all punishable by death in Salem because they are thought to be related to witchcraft.
Betty eventually wakes up

Explain Why Cardinal Richelieu Was The Regent Of Louis Xiii
Cardinal Richelieu was the regent for Louis XII. A regent is someone who acts for the king until they are ready to rule. Although, he was a Catholic
priest, Richelieu's first loyalty was towards the crown of France. As the regent of Louis, he had many goals to secularize the country. His goals were
to rid the king of domestic enemies and make France the dominant player in European power politics.
Cardinal Richelieu's first goal was to secure the king from his domestic enemies which were the Huguenots and the Nobility. He achieved his goal by
decreasing their power. To start off, he took actions towards the Huguenots. Richelieu's belief was that Protestantism often served as an excuse for
political conspiracies against the Catholic king. This

Religion And Religion: The Cause Of War
As Protestantism began to spread in Europe, tension arose between Catholics and Protestants. The tension caused war between monarchs, nobles, and
common people over religion. However, the many wars evolved into being about much more than religion; they became about politics and
specifically, a struggle for power. Many people throughout Europe saw religion as a perfect pretext for the real reason of war: power. Through the
seemingly infinite wars of religion, politics and religion came hand in hand. As exemplified by the Dutch Revolt and the Thirty Years' War, religion
was the starting cause of both wars, but political power was the true justification in the end. Ruled under Philip II after being passed down from his
father, Charles V, the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
causes coming first and political reasons following. In 1618, the Peace of Augsburg was completely broken by Protestants who hurled two Catholic
officials from a castle window. This event commenced the beginning of the war. The war started with what is referred to as the Bohemian phase.
Ferdinand I attacked Bohemia, which was part of the land that he had inherited from his brother, Charles V. He did this to crush all the Protestants
there, as a loyal Catholic. After the Bohemian phase came the Danish phase wherein Ferdinand I appointed Albert of Wallenstein to lead an army to
overpower the Protestants in Denmark. At the time, Denmark was led by a Protestant king named King Christian IV. Due to his strong military
forces, Albert of Wallenstein successfully suppressed the Protestants, leaving Denmark to be rightfully Ferdinand's. At this point, the Thirty Years'
War was not only a fight to extinguish Protestantism, but also a fight for Ferdinand I to gain power, even if he did not want to admit it. Following
the Danish phase of the war, the Swedish phase involved a strong Protestant king of Sweden named Gustavus Adolphus. This phase of the war was
sparked because of a mix between political and religious reasons. The Swedes invaded Germany due to the fact that Gustavus Adolphus saw the Danish
phase as

Shea Moisture Mission Statement
Shea Moisture mission statement is to "Have Safe and Uncompromising Beauty" Products with no parabens, no phthalates, no paraffin, no mineral oil,
no DEA, no petroleum, no formaldehyde, no propylene, that can be harmful to a person's skin or hair who use the harmful ingredients over time (2018).
A mission statement purpose reveals an organization's product or service, markets, customers, and philosophy. Regardless of the label, a mission
statement specifies the fundamental reason why an organization exists according to Se Young Kim (2015).
Mission Statement and Company Performance: Evidence from Malaysia. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication
/256835556_Mission_Statement_and_Company_Performance_Evidence_from_Malaysia [accessed Mar 21 2018].
Shea Moisture's organization promise to customers "We are natural, organic, sustainably–produced. Pioneering fair trade through Community
Commerce at home and abroad. We strive to be sulfate free,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By age 19, the widowed mother of four was selling Shea Butter, African Black Soap and her homemade hair and skin preparations, and she was known
as the local healer all over the countryside in Bonthe, Sierra Leone.
Shea Moisture CEO Richelieu Dennis wrote and executed the mission statement because he saw a need and demand for consumers who were looking
for natural organic cosmetics, and hair products and so, the founder of Shea Moisture took the opportunity to design a business and marketing plan that
established Shea Moisture organization.
The workers of Shea Moisture organization have a sense of pride in knowing what Shea Moisture organization was founded from humble beginnings
of the life of Sofi Tucker and Shea Moisture CEO Richelieu Dennis, and how they are passionate in making and supplying some of the best natural
organic cosmetics, and hair products in the

How Did Louis Xiv Use Cardinal Richelieu Rise To Power
Cardinal Richelieu= French cardinal who was appointed Prime Minister by Louis XIII. Richelieu worked to exterminate the French Huguenots,
strengthen the king's power, weaken the great nobles, and entered the 30 Year's War. Thirty Year's War= The last "religious" war in Europe. This war
was fought between 1618–1648 and started in Bohemia as a Protestant revolution. When the war ended it established France as the most powerful
country in Europe and left Germany in fragments. Hohenzollern Dynasty= Began with Fredrick I who increased Prussia's prestige and beautified
Berlin. He also, for some reason, was known for imitating Louis XIV. His successor Fredrick William firmly established absolutism and grew
Prussia's army to one of the biggest and strongest in Europe. (Creating competition for France) Hapsburg Dynasty= Began with Maria Teresa, who
was the only female Hapsburg ruler in Austria. She was known for her careful and methodical reforms. Her successor Joseph II attempted to make
sudden, drastic changes which ultimately did not last long. Maria's changes were the only ones that people continued to live by... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
His successor Ivan IV "Ivan the Terrible" expanded and beautified Moscow and was known for his cruelty. He was the first ruler to adopt the title of
Czar. (meaning Caesar) After Ivan came Peter I or Peter "The Great". Peter continued to bring western traditions and technology into Russia, hoping
that the Russian people would adopt these ways. In order to bring in more western culture Peter 700+ Europeans. Peter also expanded Russia's
territory. Unfortunately he was also methodically cruel. Catherine II or Catherine "The Great" came after Peter I. Catherine was hard–working and
capable but she was immoral and ambitious. She increases authority of the monarchy in Russia. She was known to have anyone "removed" if they
stood in her way, which lead to the death of her

Cardinal Richelieu Research Paper
The modern state today exists as an absolute. The world's current political and economic stage is set and maintained by states cooperating with other
states, and will continue to be dominated by the state. The modern state exists today as a culmination of historical and political events, and serves as
the single most defining element of modern power and politics, particularly on the global scale, as modern legitimacy of rule, power, and governance,
exists by and through the state. The world today is defined by the state. Every measure of social, political, and economic power gains legitimacy from
the state, and from interstate coalitions –such as the United Nations and the European Union. Political theorist Harold Laski defined the modern ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is through state governance that policies are formed ad enforced on a national level, and through interstate cooperation that treaties are made and
upheld on an international level. Individual states continue to emerge in Europe, as seen in the cases of the former Soviet Union, which split into 15
unique states in 1991, and in Yugoslavia, which fractured into some seven states between the years of 1991 and 2012, when Kosovo was formally
recognized as a sovereign state, and new states will persist as the world advances and formerly undeveloped and dependent regions join the global
community as sovereign

The Political Testament: Richelieu's Chief Minister
Gabe Hoban MWC, Prd.3 Due: Sep. 3rd The Political Testament 1) Richelieu faced many problems when he took power of the King's Chief
Minister. As it says in The Sources of the West on page 9, he thinks that the Huguenots and nobles are a bad example that was "... so prejudicial to the
welfare of this realm that even the best courts are effected by it...". The Huguenots were such a problem since they had a huge influence on the French
people and since they were rebellious to Richelieu's rule. The nobles were a problem since he thought that they had too much power and would "... fail
to serve the crown constantly and courageously with both their swords and their lives..." (page 10, 2nd paragraph). In the Political Testament, he said
that the punishment

Cardinal Richelieu: The Rise Of France
In 1610, a Catholic extremist got to Henry's carriage got stuck in traffic, and one of his opponents stabbed him to death. his heir a 9–year old
son––Louis XIII. For a time, Henry's wife, Marie de'Medici, ruled as regent for her son. She was a good diplomat, averting a pending war with
Spain. But the nobles didn't want her to succeed, and undermined her, using the fact that she was foreign and a woman to stir up trouble. The division
in the royal family was exactly what the nobles wanted, weakening royal authority and letting them run things as the liked. Eventually, Louis'
supporters drove Marie into exile and killed some of her administrators . But Cardinal Richelieu, intially a supporter of Marie but a man who, for the
good of France,

The Development Of Absolutism During The Nineteenth...
In the course of the seventeenth century, there were many political and religious conflicts within Europe. These struggles affected countless nations
across the continent, but almost none were as troubled as France due to the years of religious wars fought out within their territories, which caused
widespread chaos in their lands. Both, the upper and lower class citizens were exhausted by these conflicts and were supportive of a new style of
government. In attempt to maintain the integrity and stability of their country, French kings started to gradually adopt the political ideal of absolutism
to maintain total control over their nation. The final goal of this ideal was to achieve the good of the state and a higher level of national existence. The
development of absolutism in France can be thoroughly analyzed both in theory and in practice by looking at three kings and their cardinal advisors
who consecutively ruled France leading up too, and in the seventeenth century. This development of absolutism can be firstly seen through Henry the
fourth, followed by Louis the thirteenth and most prominently in Louis the fourteenth. In the last quarter of the sixteenth century, France was in the
middle of its wars of religion, otherwise known as the Huguenot Wars. These wars were fought between the reformed Protestants and Catholics which
lead to the death of approximately three million people. In addition to this, these conflicts also caused widespread disease and starvation

Cardinal Richelieu Response To Poor Dbq Essay
Life in Europe during the 1500's and 1600's was full of reformation, wars of religion, and exploration of new places and ideas. The poor were greatly
affected during this time. They were part of the church reformation when Martin Luther separated from Catholic Christendom and created his own
church. In religious wars, like the Thirty Years' War, the poor were usually the people fighting which had a tremendous impact on their lives and
families. With the growth of exploration, the poor moved around which affected their community. The attitudes and responses towards the poor in
Europe between 1450 and 1700 included that they were undeserving and lazy; they needed help, should be put to work, and should be given help.
Many people had an attitude ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When Cardinal Richelieu was serving as a royal councilor he said that the poor who able to work should be employed on public works (Doc. 2).
Essentially, he is saying that the poor that are able bodied should work in the community. The poor shouldn't just be left sitting on the streets begging,
they should be working to earn their nourishment, if they are permitted to do so. A town council in Rouen, France has very similar ideas to that of
Richelieu. They say that beggars unwilling to work should be kicked out, but those who can't find a job should be put to work in the city (Doc. 4).
Furthermore, they are conveying the fact that the poor should be working in order to create a better thriving community. There are plenty of
opportunities for work in the city, so those unwilling to work should be exiled. In a painting by Rembrandt van Rijn, it shows a family with all their
belongings collecting money from a man in his house (Doc. 5). His painting is showing how poor should be given alms. He creates sympathy for the
poor by having children and the family carrying all their belongings in the picture. The response shown by this painting is that you need to give help to
the poor. These examples show that the responses towards the poor were to make them work or to assist

How Is The Three Americans Alike
In the story of The Three Musketeers d'Artagnan compares and contrast quite well to David from the bible. In this paper that idea will be reflected
so we can see how much they are alike and if they aren't what it is that sets these two apart. Both are considered to be great warriors and fighters,
along with this they are both loyal to the one they are fighting for. Although, just like all of us they have their struggles which make them different from
other average people.
In The Three musketeers d'Artagnan is described as a person who is quick to try and fight. He would try to fight anyone who would make fun of
him or even look at him weird. In the beginning of the book he challenges a man to a fight who makes fun of his horse. He was so anger by the fact
that someone would ever down grade him by saying such a thing. This also shows that d'Artagnan holds himself in somewhat of a high place he has
cockiness to his personality. He is so concerned about what people think about him that no matter how small of an insult he must prove himself more
than that of what is said about him. Throughout the book we see different instances when he duels someone over the smallest things, which is not a
good quality to have, but for his spot in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
David is humble and does everything for others while d'Artagnan does everything for himself and his own good. D'Artagnan would not be considered
to be a great person because as a musketeer they have very bad reputations the only thing they are good for is fighting. Meanwhile David first
characteristic is protector and has many more abilities such as his music he plays for God and his personality is about humility and giving it to God.
David and d'Artagnan are the same except for their personality David's reasons for what he does are good, but d'Artagnan's reasons are arrogant and
for that of

Comparing Cardinal Richelieu's Practice of Ruler Ship to...
Some regard nineteenth century France to be the France of NapolГ©on Bonaparte and, in the same respect, it can be argued that ancien rГ©gime
France was the France of Armand–Jean du Plessis de Richelieu. Upon entering the French political arena, Richelieu was thrown amidst the struggles of
international diplomacy, the devious schemes of the nobility, and the disgruntlement of the common people. Similarly, the unstable Florentine Italy
which NiccГІlo Machiavelli familiarized himself with led both these prominent men to publish their respective works: The Prince by Machiavelli and
The Political Testament ofCardinal Richelieu by Richelieu himself. By rejecting conventional morals, disregarding haughty ideals, and promoting
ruthless tactics, The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The burden of paying taxes fell upon the peasantry since the majority of nobility and high bourgeoisie were either exempt or effortlessly evaded
payment. The social distress amongst the peasantry caused by the war taxation resulted in several uprisings between 1636 and 1639, which the
Cardinal crushed violently and dealt with the rebels in a harsh manner which Machiavelli would have promoted.# However, when examining to what
extent Machiavelli's maxims on ruler ship applied to Richelieu's own experiences, it is important to understand that a state's domestic affairs and it's
international ones are mutually constitutive. It is apparent that the issue of internal security was crucial and impacted France's status in the
international arena. From 1624–8, Richelieu's foreign policy was jeopardized by national concerns: the revolt of the Huguenots and inconveniences
resulting from those who directly opposed him within France, specifically the noblesse and the peasantry. With increasingly power–acquiring factions,
Richelieu understood that the greater part of educated, intelligent French citizens wished for a sound

King Louis Xiv Essay
The king is woken up at 7:30–8:00 am by the 1st valet de chambre. He is washed, shaved, dressed, and fed by the people of most importance. At
10:00 am he leaves for a 30 minute mass, and on the way is able to talk and meet a few lucky citizens. At 11:00 am he returns back home and holds
different councils depending on the day of the week. The " sun king's" philosophy is absolutism. He wants to be able to govern himself and have
more power and say over everyone. The only way he would want government officials to sign anything would be if they were to have his
permission. Louis XIV likes to have total power and control over everyone. He supports a strong idea of an absolute monarch. To get to the point of
power he wants to be at he got the help of Cardinal de Richelieu. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Early in king Louis XIV position of ruling Richelieu passed away in 1642. Mazarin took over Richelieus position as minister of france, and continued
his work. These two men helped to strengthen the monarchy system in france a lot, and are import figures to the ruling of Louis XIV. The palace of
Versailles is a stunning contribution to Louis's

30 Years War Essay
The four stages of the Thirty Years' War, which was fought mostly in the Holy Roman Empire (modern Germany), involved nearly all of the major
powers of Europe, and was a war that used religion as a cover–up for politics. The war caused the demise of the Holy Roman Empire, and the rise of
France as the new power in Europe. During the war new technologies also were used. The Thirty Year's War was ended by the peace of Westphalia
in 1648. Before the war, the Holy Roman Empire already began to have its struggles. In 1555, the Peace of Augsburg was recognized. It stated that the
individual prince of the Holy Roman Empire could determine the religion of his subjects. The Peace of Augsburg was unraveling as some converted
bishops had not... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Bohemians elected Fredrick V as their new king. Ferdinand then called upon his cousin, King Philip II of Spain for help. Ferdinand formed an
army to oppose the Bohemians. Count Bucquoy, an Austrian Catholic, won a huge battle against the Protestants at Sablat in June of 1619. The battle
caused the Protestant to loose an ally in Savoy. The Spanish sent an army under the command of Ambrosio Spinola to aid Ferdinand. In the fall of
1620, the Spanish and Holy Roman Empire's army advanced on the Protestant forces in Bohemia. On November 8, 1620, the Protestants were defeated
at the Battle of the White Mountain. Fredrick's defeat earned him the nickname the Winter King . Tilly, commander of a Catholic force caught up with
the reminder of the Bohemian protestant force, and defeated them at the Battle of Stadtlohn in 1623. The Catholics were victorious in the first phase.
This battle was the last major battle of the Bohemian phase of the Thirty Years War . The second or Danish Phase lasted from 1625
–1629. It received
its name from the involvement of the king of Denmark, Christian IV. He was a Lutheran, so he supported the Protestants. Other reasons also include
political rivalries with the Holy Roman Empire . The country of Denmark had enormous wealth that was unmatched anywhere else in Europe. France,
under Regent Cardinal Richelieu, agreed to subsidize the war. Cardinal Richelieu was indeed a Catholic, but

The Louvre's Art Reigns Of France
According to Bresc–Bautier (2003 and Oliver (2007), the buildings constituted one of the principal residences of the kings and emperors of France.
the Louvre palace was begun by King Francis I in 1546. Francis was a great art collector, and the Louvre was to serve as his royal residence.
Almost every king was followed Francis to extend the function of Louvre especially the most additions were made by Louis XIII and Louis XIV that
is the reason why Louvre would lots of crown's art holdings. In 1682, Louis XIV moved his court to Versailles, and the Louvre ceased to be the main
royal residence. During the Enlightenment, Denis Diderot who the French writer and philosopher are the first to propose a national art museum for the
public. Although there

King Louis Xiv : The Absolute Monarchy
Monarchs who hold the divine right to rule appear time and time again throughout history. Oftentimes, they use this 'mandate of heaven' to exercise
full and absolute control over the governmental system of their society. This form of government is called an absolute monarchy. Absolute monarchy
is a tool that, wielded well, can become extremely prosperous for both the kingdom, as well as the king that presides over it. On the other hand, when
less capable figures attempt to harness the power of absolutism, it can lead to political and societal upheaval, and it usually does not end well for the
one that tried to use it. King Louis XIV was able to achieve mastery of absolutist rule because the French government had been primed for absolutism...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Henry IV, who succeeded Henry II, passed the Edict of Nantes, which gave civil and religious freedom to Huguenots, effectively quieting their
complaints and eliminating them as a threat to the throne. Henry IV further increased the power and prestige of the monarchy when his finance
minister, the Duke of Sully, improved transportation, stimulated industry and trade, and reformed the system of tax collection to make it more
efficient. This stronger economy and increase in wealth ensured that the country could provide for its people adequately, ensuring that no peasants
would feel the need to cry against them. Louis XIII succeeded Henry IV, and appointed Cardinal Richelieu as prime minister. Richelieu centralized the
power of the government by furthering the industry and commerce that increased the tax base, instituting the intendant system, in which bourgeois
officials, who were only answerable to the king, supervised provinces and diminished the nobility's power. Richelieu's policies, as well as the policies
implemented by previous monarchs, paved the way for absolutism incarnate: King Louis XIV. Louis XIV was crowned king of France at the age of
four, but it was Cardinal Richelieu who was entrusted with governing France until Louis was ready to take control. When Cardinal Richelieu died when
Louis was twenty three, Louis expressed his readiness and his determination to become the

Briefly Summarize The Four Phases Of The 30 Years War
William Sun Mr Hughes AP European History (6) 15 October 2015 Chapter 15 Questions 1. Briefly summarize the four phases of the 30 Years War.
How did the war change the economic and political landscape of the Holy Roman Empire? The four phases of the thirty years can be summarised as
the Bohemian phase, Danish phase, Swedish phase and French phase, which induced the Holy Roman Empire to lose money and caused the empire to
split. The Bohemian phase from 1618 to 1625 was sparked by the defenestration of Prague. This incited civil war between the Catholics League and the
Protestant Union. The Catholics won the first phase through the defeat of the Protestants in the Battle of the White Mountain in 1620. The Danish
phase, from 1625 to 1629,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. What is absolutism? Explain the top three reasons for its rise in the 17th century Absolutism, where there is a person who has full political power
over a country, rose in the 17th century due to the increase in surplus, mercantilism and the standing armies. Due to the increase in surplus in these
countries, the government had more money to spend. Mercantilism also contributed to the economic growth of countries that adopted it. The increased
money from these meant increased funding for standing armies. The standing armies gave the king an army without needing to call on the nobles,
thereby lessening their importance and power, and heightening the king's. 3. Why is Richelieu so important for French history? Richelieu was
important for French history as he strengthened the French monarchy through the unification of France, lessening of nobles' power and boosting
economic growth. Richelieu unified France by making French the national language of France. The unification of France made it easier for Louis XIII
to achieve an Absolutist government. Richelieu minimised the nobles' power, which in turn increased the monarch's power. Richelieu also managed
the economic activities of France. These strengthened the French monarchy significantly. 4. "Le Roi Soleil" Did Louis XIV really deserve this name?
Louis XIV was deserving of his name, "Le Roi Soleil", which means the Sun King, due to

Who Is The Character Of Saboteur
In the novel The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas, King Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu are in authority in France, each struggling to gain
absolute power. As a result conflicts emerge that will lead to the progress of France. France was constantly in external conflicts with England and in
internal conflicts with the Huguenots that provoked war against the Catholics and even the King, but never against the Cardinal (Dumas, 1). Queen
Anne's romance to the Duke of Buckingham, who at the time was an enemy of France, was not unknown to the Cardinal, like nothing else that escaped
him from knowing it. The story's protagonist, D'Artagnan faces the most dangerous spy of the Cardinal, Lady de Winter. This lady is the one entrusted
with the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most public party was the royalists, consisting of those who favored the king in rule and most importantly the company of the king's musketeers.
The other was the Cardinalists which consisted of those who supported Cardinal Richelieu, the Cardinal's guardsmen and his spies that covered every
part of the land. The king was only a figurehead during his early reign. The Cardinal was one of the most powerful diplomats of his time. He is viewed
more powerful than any other figure including King Louis XIII himself. "Musketeers, who belong to the king and nobody but the king, are the natural
enemies of the Guardsmen, who belong to the cardinal." (Dumas, 72) The rivalry is also expressed between the Musketeers and the Cardinals
guardsmen in their constant fights and hatred between the two groups. As this conflict develops, the Cardinal gains more authority and the power of
the king gradually decrease even though the musketeers defeat the guardsmen. Instead of the king having absolute control the Cardinal takes that favor.
"The Siege of La Rochelle was one of the great political events of the reign of Louis XIII, and one of the great military enterprises of the Cardinal"
(Dumas, 420). This was a battle or more of a war between France and England. The Ruler of the English military was Duke of Buckingham, who ruled
England the same way that the Cardinal ruled France, and military strategist of

Secrecy Of A Free And Open Society
THE VERY WORD 'SECRECY' IS REPUGNANT IN A FREE AND OPEN SOCIETY
Moving stiffly as if the starch from his uniform had leaked into his bones, he sat down in the witness box and crossed his legs.
Could you please state your full name and rank for the record?
He looked up quietly, his thin glasses barely touching the bridge of his nose.
I could.
He kept them waiting for his answer that wouldn't come, as he reached into his breast pocket taking out a soft pack of Drina cigarettes.
The judge sat up.
Sir let me remind you that you should show this courtroom the respect it deserves.
Oh, my apologies, are you no longer allowed to smoke in court?
The stenographer looked at the judge, her cigarette ebbing to its death in her ashtray.
Smoke all ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The judge cleared his throat looking at the General. He didn't like the likes of him, who came into his courtroom, judging when it wasn't theirs to judge.
General, you will cooperate with prosecutor Lazo, or the court will treat you as a hostile witness.
Your Honour, I assure there will be no need for that, the defense drawled.
I don't care much for your assurances KoЕѕul. You can leave those at home with your wife.
Richelieu, smirked, ashing his cigarette on the courtroom floor.
I was stationed in the Stabilization Force in the city of Mostar.
Lazo paced over to Emina, the stenographer, put her cigarette out and took the ashtray.
Tell us, general, what was the purpose of the Stabilization Force being established? Lazo asked, setting the ashtray down in front of Richelieu.
We were deployed as a peacekeeping unit.
Deployed by whom?
By NATO.
So general, you're saying that you were deployed to Bosnia and Herzegovina under orders of NATO, as part of a peacekeeping unit stationed in Mostar?
Well, the SFOR was stationed in Banja Luka and in Tuzla, as well, but yes that is what I am saying, which I'm sure your doll of a stenographer could
re–read for you.
Emina's fingers running across the typewriter suddenly stopped. She looked up at the general, as she opened her desk drawer. She tapped her

pink–hued nails on the grip of her husband's Zastava M57. She wanted to put a bullet in Richelieu nearly as much as she wanted to empty the magazine
into her husband's pork–like

Compar and Contrast
University of Phoenix Material Compare and Contrast Absolutism and Constitutionalism Matrix By the close of the 17th century, England had
developed into a Constitutional Monarchy and France had developed into an Absolutist, centralized form of monarchy. Complete the matrix below to
examine why this happened. |Deciding Factors |England Constitutional |France Absolutist | | |Monarchy |Monarchy | |Revenue concerns |What did
England do to increase revenue? |What did France do to increase... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
|had to be passed to someone else. Being |government. He also depended upon strength | | |that Queen Elizabeth was never married, |with the royal
power; the Huguenots shared | | |therefore had no children, the throne had |the state, the

Historical Events That Occurred During Europe During The...
There were many historical events that occurred in Europe during the sixteenth century. At this time, Europe was not very virtuous and respectable.
This is because at this time, the Protestant Revolt nearly destroyed the Catholic Church. In addition to this, European politics were compromised by
religious struggles which laid the foundation for the Thirty Years' War. Though there were numerous events that occurred in sixteenth century Europe
that are worth noting, this essay will focus on three individuals who heavily influenced history in the West. The essay will not only describe the lives
and careers of these men, but the roles each one played in trying to advance, or in some cases, destroy, the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century....
During this war, he saw this as a chance for France to develop as a Christian country, both Catholic and Protestant. "Many Catholics, including the
queen mother, regarded Huguenots... as the enemy and insisted that they be dealt with" (Armand–Jean du Plessis de Richelieu Biography,
Encyclopedia of World Biography internet). To certain degree, thecardinal agreed with them and "...cooperated on a program of reforms...and he
allowed the Huguenots to continue practicing their religion as long as they stayed loyal to the king" (Armand–Jean du Plessis de Richelieu Biography,
Encyclopedia of World Biography internet). Though this seems to be a generous action on Richelieu 's behalf, from a Catholic viewpoint, the Cardinal
did not fulfill his position as a Catholic in truly advancing the Catholic faith in France– not Protestantism. Instead of making France a united Catholic
country as it once was prior to the Revolt, he decided to make France both Catholic and Protestant. Instead of fulfilling his vocation as a priest, he
really acted as a Prime Minister in France. Thus, again, failing to make France a Catholic nation. France was considered the "Eldest Daughter of the
Church," but through Cardinal Richelieu, this title slowly drifted away. Richelieu played a major role in the demise of the Catholic faith in France.
"Oliver Cromwell was born in Huntingdon, England on April 25, 1599. He was the second son of the ten children of Robert Cromwell and

Protestant Reformation In The 16th Century
The Protestant reformation in the 16th century splintered Catholic Europe, it was a political, religious, and cultural upheaval. It also placed the
structures and beliefs that would definitely continue out in the modern era. Reformers like John Calvin and Martin Luther also contributed a main part
in the reformation. They also altered the Catholic Church's ability to define Christian practice. They mainly aligned for religious and political
redistribution of power into the hands of the Bible and pamphlet. The redistribution triggered wars that were called counter reformation. The Catholic
Church's delayed, but forceful response to the protestants. The protestant reformation started in 1517. That was also the publication of Martin Luther's
"95 theses". The Swiss Reformation began in 1519 with the sermons of Ulrich Zwingli, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Isaac Newton and John Locke enjoyed the king of England's favor and the freedom to publish. The point is that the Catholic Inquisition was held in
high odium in Protestant countries, and while the English Star Court Chamber was every bit as nasty, the activities of that court were confined pretty
much to sedition even when couched in religious terms. The Huguenots had been drawn to a reformational view by Calvin or priests whom Calvin
had influenced. The Huguenots were mostly drawn from a newly mobile artisan class and rentier minor aristocrats. A favuorite destination for the
Huguenots was England. The French monarchs had been encouraged by their advisors to strive for absolutist rule. This absolute course of action was
proposed initially by Cardinal Richelieu. In due course Richelieu mentored a successor, Jules Mazarin, an Italian who, for a brief time, was a layman
until Richelieu put him on fast track to becoming a cardinal. Then another advisor succeeded

Essay about The Three Musketeers & Alexandre Dumas
The Three Musketeers & Alexandre Dumas
Alexandre Dumas's novels and in particular The Three Musketeers are so great for his ability to mix fact with fiction. As a historical novel, The Three
Musketeers bases its story around some major characters and events of 17th century, French history.Cardinal Richelieu, Anne of Austria, and other
important characters really lived and acted the way they do in the novel. In fact, the historical basis of Dumas's story extends all the way to his initial
idea for the novel, even to the Musketeers and d'Artagnan themselves.(history 1)
The Three Musketeers is inspired by a 17th century work entitled Memoires de d'Artagnan by Gatien de Cortilz de Sandras, which Dumas stumbled
across in his research. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Aramis was Henry d'Aramitz, related to Monsieur de Treville, he was a Musketeer from 1640 and on, we know little of him beyond that. Athos was
Armand de Sillegue, also related to Treville. He was a King's Musketeer who died in Paris in 1643, but little is known beyond that, there is some
proof on his death certificate that he died as a result of a duel.(history pg. 3)
The major historical figures in the novel are all more or less accurate, in terms of the basic facts presented. Louis XIII, Anne of Austria, Cardinal
Richelieu, and Monsieur de Treville are all presented without any historical inaccuracies. And there were indeed, King's Musketeers under Louis
XIII, they existed as a sort of training ground for the elite of the French army, and served as the King's personal escort in peacetime. Treville and
the Cardinal were great enemies, as Dumas portrays them, in fact, Treville was involved in a 1642 plot to assassinate the Cardinal, and Louis XIII
was forced to banish his friend. Richelieu did have his own, similarly elite, company of Guards, which did have a great rivalry with the Musketeers, as
Dumas describes.(history pg. 4)
In general, we see that Dumas's novel is at least based in history, although he takes great departures. The one great exception to this is Lady de Winter.
Courtilz's "Milady" is an entirely private individual, one of the

Absolutism: Richelieu And King Louis XIV
Absolutism – a political theory that absolute power should be vested in one or more rulers Supreme government or absolutism implied that the
sovereign force or extreme power in the state rested in the hands of a ruler who guaranteed to manage by celestial right. Be that as it may, what did
power mean? Late sixteenth century political scholars trusted that sovereign force comprised of the power to make laws, expense, manage equity,
control the state's regulatory framework, and focus remote arrangement. These forces made a ruler sovereign. One of the boss scholars of heavenly
right government in the seventeenth century was the French scholar and court evangelist Bishop Jacques Bossuet (1627–1704), who communicated his
thoughts in a book entitled... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Eastern Europe recuperated from the time of starvation and infection in the fourteenth century in an alternate manner. In the West, when populace
levels were low and there was a deficiency of work (the fourteenth century), the proletariat had the capacity accomplish more noteworthy flexibility
from medieval confinements, while in the East, the landed gentry had the capacity fix the limitations on the lower class and diminish their
opportunities. This may have been expected to some degree to the way that western towns were significantly more compelling than in the East in light
of the broad business upset which happened in the West. The towns gave an option and regularly a shelter for laborers who left the area. Moreover,
western governments regularly shielded the lower class from a most exceedingly awful's percentage misuse of highborn control. As western capital was
utilized to purchase sustenance in the East, the landowners, who controlled the exchanging contacts, applied weight upon the lower class to create for
fare as opposed to for their own particular utilization. In the interim, urban development in the East was constrained and rulers were capable effectively
to overwhelm the towns. The rulers constantly picked up allowing so as to back from the nobility them a free turn in controlling their

The Age of Absolutism in France
Absolutism in France
(Order #A2068670) European monarchs did not simply emerge on the scene as absolute rulers but slowly acquired supreme power over a long period
of time. This interest in becoming absolute rulers infected the European monarchs, becoming particularly acute during the religious wars of the 16th
century. As a result of the chaos and destruction, the kings ofEurope began to consolidate power into a centralized system with the monarch at the
top. By the beginning of the 17th century a number of European countries had monarchs who exercised absolute power over their kingdoms. One
of the largest and most populated countries in Western Europe during this time was France, which slowly centralized governmental power in the
hands of a single monarch. France has often been considered to be one of the best examples of how a monarchy assumed centralized and absolute
power; ushering in the Age of Absolutism. Louis XIV of France is often referred to as the "Sun King" and is a prime example of a European
monarch who exercised absolute power. However, absolutism in France did not begin with Louis XIV, but with his grandfather and founder of the
Bourbon Dynasty, Henry IV. It was Henry IV who began the centralization of power by keeping France at peace during most of his reign by tolerating
Protestants. During this time he also strengthened the monarchy's finances by charging royal officials a fee to inherit their positions. He also lowered
taxes in an effort to rebuild

The Between Russia And Brandenburg Prussia
"L'Г©tat, c'est moi." I am the state, as quoted by Louis XIV. This is a great example of the meaning of absolutism. The kingdoms of France, Russia
and Brandenburg–Prussia are ample evidence to prove that absolutism worked and was a commonality compared to constitutionalism. This issue then
falls to whether the differences or the similarities of these kingdoms are more important in European and World History. The following will provide an
argument to support that the similarities of the kingdoms should be more heavily stressed.
France was set up for absolute monarchy by King Henry IV. Henry's ambitions neutralized the clash between Catholics and Protestants, in theEdict of
Nantes. Before Henry's assassination, he had created a financial surplus in the kingdom. Next in line for the throne was Louis XIII, Henry's son, but he
was too young to rule, so Cardinal Richelieu had control over the kingdom. He limited the political privileges of the Huguenots and involved France in
the Thirty Years War, and by doing this he affirmed the royal power and engaged France more in European affairs.
After Richelieu's death, Louis XIII died and, his son, Louis XIV, who was five years old, inherited the throne. When Louis turned 23 he stepped
forward to claim the throne, believing that God had given him the position of King of France. The Sun King, as Louis was called, surrounded himself
with the nobles to keep them from governing their districts as effectively and thus empowering himself.

King Louis Xiv : An Absolute Ruler
King Louis XIV was born on September 5, 1638 in a place called Saint–Germaine–en–Laye, France (Louis XIV Biography). Louis XIV became King
of France in 1643 and he began to reform France and make changes to France. Louis XIV ideology was the ideology of an absolute monarch. Louis
XIV believed that all kings ruled by divine right. He believed that God gave him the authority to rule France. He believed he was the French state
and that he should be in complete control. Cardinal Richelieu was a man who helped guide Louis XIV when he became king. Richelieu pushed
for absolutism and Catholicism when Louis was King. Richelieu also made sure that Catholicism remained strong in France. Cardinal Jules
Mazarin was a man who took over after Richelieu and one who Louis listened to very dearly. Mazarin told Louis to "Distrust everyone". Mazarin told
Louis to keep his ideas to himself and to keep everything secret. King Louis XIV had a group of people or a "Cabinet" that Louis trusted. Mazarin told
Louis that there were two ways to achieve glory. One was to build a large and expensive palace and another way was to increase your countries
territory. King Louis XIV built a huge palace called "The Palace of Versailles". Louis' palace was very beautiful inside and outside and he spent
millions of dollars of this palace. Inside, gold was everywhere, gorgeous pictures and paintings were on the walls. Louis XIV was referred to as the
"Sun King" because Louis stated "I am the state". Louis said

The Thirty Years War Essay
The section of documents, numbering nineteen to twenty three, consist of many different accounts ranging from of a portion of the "Swedish rule of
war", a theologian's take on peace, the assassination of General Wallenstein, an account of battle and even a Cardinal's warning. These documents vary
in years from 1632–1634, drawing a close to the middle segment of the Thirty Years War. These articles illustrate not only events such as a General's
murder, Swedish defeat or French apprehension, they also show a growing desire for peace and political well–being contrasted with serious religious
sentiment. At this stage in history Sweden is now involved with many allying to protect German liberties. The balance of power in Europe, always a...
The court preacher, Hoe von Hoenegg, a very staunch advocate of Protestant success, knew the strength and impending power of Hapsburg influence
in Europe. However, Hoe von Hoenegg refused to concede to the idea of alliance with Catholics. "Thus it would be forever a shame and unjustifiable
if one should or would now, benevolently or willfully, surrender something from the true Church of God that could still be reserved for its benefit"
(140). This, of course, was not what the Elector desired to hear, yet this memorandum or reminder did show those at the time the religious reasoning
existing behind the war. Hoe von Hoenegg lists all that has been sacrificed by Protestants and urges that it cannot be in vain. However, this is not a
revengeful statement; rather he insists that no one surrender what God Himself has given. Seemingly meant for public consumption this article will, as
the introduction suggests, set a precedent for many to keep fighting at whatever cost. It would seem that even this far into war fervent religious
reasoning still exists. The following documents will contrast this sentiment alluding to the conflicting motives and actions by all sides of this conflict.
Both document twenty one and twenty three show the more political side of waging war. Document twenty–one is the account of General
Wallenstein's assassination. This General

Political Testament of Cardinal Richelieu Essay
At the beginning of the 17th century, France was a place of internal strife and bickering bureaucrats. The king, Louis XIII, had come to the throne in
1610 at the age of nine, leaving the running of the kingdom to his mother, Marie de Medici. One of her court favorites, Armand de Plessis de
Richelieu, rose through the ranks, eventually gaining the title of Cardinal and becoming one of Louis' key advisors and minister. His political
manifesto, Political Testament, was a treatise for King Louis XIII that offered him advice mainly concerned with the management and subtle
subjugation of the nobles and the behavior of a prince. Beneath all of the obeisant rhetoric, Richelieu was essentially writing a handbook for Louis XIII
on how to survive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This aversion to shame could be an invaluable tool for the shrewd king: he could threaten to take away their title and position if they refused to meet
his requests. During this period in French history, the nobility was starting to gain power and prestige, and this power presented the king with a
problem: he needed to have strong nobles to strengthen his realm by extension. However, he still had to maintain power and his position of supremacy.
Richelieu posits that the king must maintain a firm system of punishments and rewards:"Punishments and rewards are two quite necessary elements in
the conduct of states. It is an ordinary allegation, but more true, and often repeated by all men, that rewards and punishments are the two most
important tools of government available in a realm." This system played on the honor obsession the nobility had, and strengthened the kingship at the
same time. If one helped the king, they were rewarded with more honor and a higher position; if they resisted, they lost everything. This strengthened
the kingship as well. Those he rewarded would be assets to the kingdom, while those he punished would serve as warnings to those who considered
resisting. Richelieu's section regarding the power of the prince was particularly reminiscent of 15th century Italian political strategist NiccolГі
Machiavelli's seminal work, The Prince. The Prince also deals with the management of one's people, and argued

Literary Criticism In Cardinal Richelieu
Alfredo Camacho
Dr. Fontes
CLAS 5
3 October 2017
Book Review Poetry is a form of art that serves the purpose to express the writer's opinions, and also combat oppressive forces without the use of any
physical force. These writers can relate to the expression by the playwright and novelist Edward Bulwer–Lytton in the play Cardinal Richelieu, "The
pen is mightier than the sword"(BBC); this expression serves as a metaphor in its own right as the nature describes the effect of words to provide a
stronger impact on the intended audience than any kind of violence would. This term ties in perfectly with the ideas of Chicanx; the Chicanx
perspective of life is oppression and the dangers of racial tensions and manners to dethrone those who impose that on others. They have long fought
against the unfair forces that have come against them, and have been involved in many violent forms of protest. With Cesar Chavez becoming more
invested in the peaceful form of protesting to gain trust and momentum in the campaigns they were in, more and more writers began to express their
feelings and place their own two cents into the mixture of ideas. Often long stories are made in effort to express a personal form of how life is
changing and growing fears are turning into, however some writers chose to use poetry as their version of a weapon against the oppressing forces. A
poem is much shorter and does not provide the sufficient build up that can be placed into a Chicano novel, but the effect of

Three Musketeers Movie Analysis
"One for all, and all for one!"(Herek) The most famous and noticeable line in the Three Musketeers folklore legacy whether it be from the films to the
original book by Alexandre Dumas. Although this famous line has been used throughout many reworks and adaptations of the three musketeers, many
films have not followed in the footsteps of the original book and have changed things to best appeal to the audience. Most noticeably we see this in the
1993 Musketeer movie directed by Stephen Herek that proclaimed that the main character D'Artagnan, father was killed to set a tense mood. However,
with that being said, there are also many things that reflect the time in which the book was written and also the social and political hierarchy and
structure... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As previously mentioned, the hierarchy of which the French population was separated from that of religious figures being the highest to common folk
were placed at the rock bottom of the pyramid. In the film this can be interpreted by the open fields and the villages in which people were trading their
crops for money or buying them among themselves to live off of. France just like any other place during this time in Europe and also worldwide were
mostly agricultural as the first industrial revolution started in the 1700's by that of England first. With that being said the implementation of showing
the countryside and the social interactions between D'artagnan and the locals was another way that Stephen Herek subtly shown how France was
during this time.
Ironically the whole plot of the Three Musketeers is a socio–political statement in itself. If not understood by reading the book by Alexandre Dumas
and watching the films, the main plot is that Cardinal Richelieu plots against the king of France, Louis XIII. In particular, this film puts it in which
Cardinal Richelieu plots to form an alliance with England as France is about to go to war. For the Cardinal to even be able to do something

Why Did French Minister Richelieu Symbolize Absolutism?
French minister Richelieu symbolized absolutism in many ways. With his policy of total subordination of all groups and institutions to the French
monarchy, Richelieu worked to break the power of nobility. This is because French nobility's selfish and independent ways went against the the
crown's goal to centralize the state. To break it Richelieu leveled castles, which were a symbol of feudal independence. He also destroyed aristocratic
conspires, with speedy executions. In addition to this Richelieu's genius is best reflected in the administrative system he established. Extending the use
of royal commissioners, known as intendants giving them responsibility for justice, police, and finances in each of Frances 32 generalities or districts....
Intendants were to enforce royal orders and to weaken nobility's influence. As the power of intendants grew so did the power of the centralized state.
Richelieu also personally over saw the siege of the Huguenots after they revolted, and from then on fortified cities were eradicated. In addition, French
foreign policy under Richelieu aimed for the destruction of the Habsburg territories surrounding France and supported enemies of the Habsburg's.
Richelieu acquired for Frances extensive rights in Alsace and Arras. He also extended literature through his efforts at centralization. The French
academy (which standardized the French language and dictionary) was started by a group of philanthropists whom Richelieu was involved with. He
(and later Louis XIV) also temporally solved France's financial problems by securing the Cooperation of local elites. The central government shared
the proceeds of tax revenue with local powers. Sometimes Richelieu's polices contradicted Christian teachings but justified himself through "reason of
state". He also convinced Louis XIII to appoint Jules Mazarin, an Italian diplomat, as

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