Central Delaware Riverfront District

Central Delaware Riverfront District
Central Delaware Riverfront District is a place with rich history. This article is mainly about comparing the master plans of this area issued in the late
20th Century and 2011.
As part of the background, I'd like to mention that the development of Central Riverfront District could be traced back to 1967. The Philadelphia City
Planning Commission made a plan to build the I–95 Express Highway in that year. It was a postwar interstate highway happening with the automobile
growth, serving the purpose of development out. But it also isolated the riverfront (which was mainly the industrial area at that time) with the center
city, putting the future development of the waterfront district into a negative position.
Fig 1 1967 Proposed Land Use of Center City Redevelopment Area
In the late 20th Century about 1980, there was a master plan for Central Delaware Riverfront issued by Philadelphia City Planning Commission. It
stated consideration for the whole planning from the aspects of transportation, land use, development phasing, recreation & open space and so on, by
previously studying the existing condition and analyzing development potential of the site. The background of the plan was that Philadelphia entered
the post–industrial era because of industry decline. Some of the piers were no longer in use and many factories were moved to other places. The
riverfront district needed to be redeveloped.
After 30 years, the Planning Commission approved another master plan for Central
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Comparing the Urban Plans and Philosophies of Le Corbusier...
History of City Planning
Prompt 1: Center and Region I: Compare the urban plans and philosophies of Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright. What are the spatial, social and
economic factors of each plan?
"Wright and Le Corbusier seem predestined for comparison. Their ideal cities confront each other as two opposing variations on the same utopian
theme" (Fishman, 163). Charles–Г‰douard Jeanneret–Gris, more commonly known as Le Corbusier (October 6, 1887 – August 27, 1965), was a
Swiss–French architect, designer, painter, urban planner, and writer. Throughout his life, he was a pioneer of modern architecture andcity planning
(Frampton, 12). One of Le Corbusier's contemporaries was also hugely influential but with a competing plan Frank ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In his 1929 book, The City of To–morrow and its Planning, he even refers to changing the city as surgery (Le Corbusier 265).
His first comprehensive city plan was La Ville Contemporaine (the Contemporary City) a project to house three million inhabitants designed in 1922.
This was Le Corbusier's first attempt to reconcile man, nature and machine (Fishman, 189). The city starts at the center with a transportation hub for
busses, trains, cars and planes. Surrounding this hub there will be an organized cluster of 24 60–story skyscrapers. These glass and steel skyscrapers
are cross–shaped. Each individual skyscraper is to be set within a large rectangular green space. The skyscrapers house the "brain" of the city. The
city is beautifully geometric and symmetrical. Placing the skyscrapers in the city center reinforces the emphasis on capital as a means of creating a
successful city. Because of the shape and mass of each skyscraper, they have more usable space than an entire neighborhood but also relieves density
and congestion because of the organization (Frampton, 46).
Outside these skyscraper spaces will be a redent set–back apartment blocks. These blocks are the "cells" of the system. The social structure of the city
can be seen in the distinctions in the housing. The housing closest to the city center is larger and lusher. And the housing further from the city is
smaller and designed for poorer people (Frampton 50). Therefore, upward mobility in the social system

Elements Of Kevin Lynch Theory Of City Planning
CRITERIA OF GOOD URBAN
(Five elements of Kevin Lynch are important elements for a good urban) Kevin Andrew Lynch was known as an American urban planner. He was
born 1918 in Chicago, Illinois, United States; died 1984 in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, United States. Lynch studied at Yale University and
received a Bachelor's degree in City Planning from MIT in 1947. He then began work in Greensboro, North Carolina as an urban planner but was
soon recruited to teach at MIT by Lloyd Rodwin. He began lecturing at MIT the following year, becoming an assistant professor in 1949; was then
tenured as an associate professor in 1955 and became a full professor in 1963. Lynch provided seminal contributions to the field of city planning
through empirical research on how individuals perceive and navigate the urban landscape. His books explore the presence of time and history in the
urban environment, how urban environments affect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is the relationship between observer and environment? How the visual quality of a city can contribute to the urban legibility? This
introduction addresses the basic material of this section. The task of this section is to give an overview of Kevin Lynch's theory of urban form, as
set out in his book The Image of the City. City image is important because the ability to recognize objects in our environment are critical to our ability
to act and function in places effectively. Thus, the ability of a city is somewhat depends on its ability to be easily found and identified." Kevin Lynch
made a connection between psychology and environment, at a time when many psychologists preferred laboratory experiments to the wondering
variables of the complicated, real world" according to Banerjee

Role Of Engineers During The Planning Process
1.Introduction
Peace Bridge is a cycle–footpath bridge across the River Foyle in Derry, Ireland. It connected the Walled city centre and the Ebrington redevelopment
site. The bridge opened to the public in 25 June 2011.
Peace Bridge won many excellence awards such as Structural Steel Design award, ICE North East Region Robert Stephenson award and the Overall
planning award by the Irish Planning Institute. The government and the public have described the bridge as a sustainable infrastructure asset, which
provided the basic services, and allowed the local communities and societies to function more effectively. More importantly, Peace Bridge became a
landmark very quickly due to its iconic structure, which attracts millions of visitors every year.
This essay will mainly focus on the roles of engineers during the planning process. The relation between engineers and the associated Ecological,
Economical, Political and regeneration aspects will also be discussed.
2.Overview of Peace Bridge
Structure of the Bridge
The bridge is a self–anchored suspension bridge. It combined the reverse curvature of the deck, inclined towers and suspension cables to balance the
forces in the system. The total length of cable used was 4.5 kilometers. The use of construction material was mainly steel, and the structure weights
1000 tonnes. There is a 150mm gap at each end of the bridge to permit the expansion of steel during the summer.
Size of the Bridge
The bridge obeys a S–shaped

Starbucks Annual Report 2008
Starbucks Corporation Fiscal 2008 Annual Report
Fiscal 2008 Financial Highlights
Stores Open at Fiscal Year End
(COMPANY–OPERATED AND LICENSED STORES)
Net Revenues (IN BILLIONS) & Net Revenue Growth (PERCENTAGES) from Previous Year 16,680 $9.4 $7.8 $6.4 $5.3 $4.1
24% 30% 20% 22% 21%
$10.4
10%
International United States
15,011 12,440 10,241
8,569 7,225
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007

2008
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Components of 2008 Revenue Retail Licensing Foodservice & Other
84% 12% 4%
Operating Income (IN MILLIONS) & Operating Margin (PERCENTAGES) $1,054 $894 $781 $606
2008 Revenue Breakdown $421 United States International Global Consumer Products Group
76% 20% 4% 2003 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All of this gives me conп¬Ѓdence that Starbucks–unlike many other retailers–has what it takes to endure as a vital part of the fabric of every
community and neighborhood where we do business. In п¬Ѓscal 2008, we invested in the Starbucks Experience and what we know our customers are
looking for when they visit our stores. We put a signiп¬Ѓcant emphasis on coffee–starting with the launch of Pike Placeв„ў Roast, our new everyday
brewed coffee. This emphasis included the introduction of the в„ў Starbucks Mastrena, our new, lower–proп¬Ѓle espresso machines, and the purchase
of the company that
makes the CloverВ® brewer, a state–of–the–art single–cup brewing system that allows us to serve the best cup of brewed coffee available anywhere.
Our customers also told us they are looking to Starbucks for more in the health and wellness space, and in response, we launched our nutritious
Vivannoв„ў Nourishing Blends and extended our breakfast platform with choices like Perfect Oatmeal, one of our most successful food introductions
ever. Not surprisingly, our customers have asked us to reward their loyalty and provide value, and we did just that through our Starbucks Rewards
program. Value continues to be key to meeting the needs of our customers, and we have our sights set on more ways to provide it–all while not
diminishing our brand, which stands for quality above all

Management Course: Mbaв€’10 General Management
Management
Course: MBAв€’10 General Management
California College for Health Sciences MBA Program
McGraw–Hill/Irwin
abc
McGrawв€’Hill Primis ISBN: 0в€’390в€’58539в€’4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review
Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaumв€’Feigenbaum
International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgettsв€’Luthansв€’Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jonesв€’George Driving
Shareholder Value Morinв€’Jarrell
Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughesв€’Ginnettв€’Curphy The Art of M & A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reedв€’Lajoux
and others . . .
This book was printed on recycled paper. Management
http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/
Copyright ©2005 by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What will be the effect of the rapid gyrations in markets that emphasize the difficulties that accounting practices face in determining true performance
costs and that forecasting programs confront in establishing the economic determinants of corporate planning? In addition to these challenges, many
analytical and strategic evaluation approaches that are used in an attempt to identify and project how well a company is performing have been
overwhelmed by the frequency and magnitude of these economic groundswells. In today's competitive climate, where the changes outside a business

exceed the productive changes within a business, a company's future viability is clearly under enormous stress. To maintain business growth and a
sustained economy, it is essential for managers to understand and find solutions for these and other fundamental wide–ranging issues. The bursting of
the high–tech bubble both in many start–up companies and in major segments of established firms dissipated many entrepreneurial efforts and the large
sums of money that were spent to create organizations that never earned a profit and were often hugely unsuccessful as business entities. However, this
enormous cost to some companies also created beneficial impacts for many other companies in dealing with these fundamental wide–ranging issues.
These beneficial impacts had

Japan's Power In The United States
Currently in the world there are 196 countries, each one with unique qualities and political structures. Japan is an island nation in East Asia that is
located in the Pacific Ocean. It has a total of 6, 852 islands that make up about ninety seven percent of Japan's land area. It is the world's tenth largest
population with 126 million people. The emperor ran the country until it was forced to surrender and the United States assisted in the reform of the
country. Currently, Japan is a democracy with a constitution that used the structure of the United States as a model. It uses the three–branch system,
however, one of its branches drastically outweighs the other two in regards to power. This developed nation has many aspects of it government... Show
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A new constitution took affect in 1947; establishing a parliamentary system, with all adults eligible to vote and the emperor became mostly a
symbolic head of state (Infoplease). United States troops were stationed in Japan because of a security treaty that was signed between the two
countries in 1951 (Infoplease). However, in 1952, Japan regained full sovereignty and the Ryuku Islands, including Okinawa, were returned by the
United States (Infoplease). During this time, the Liberal Democratic Party was formed (BBC). This party will govern the country, almost
uninterruptedly, for the rest of the century and beyond (BBC). Also during this time, United States servicemen raped an Okinawa schoolgirl
causing mass protest demanding the removal of United States forces from the island (BBC). Japan had an extraordinary postwar economic
recovery and continued to grow through the 1970s and 1980s until it was the world's second largest economy (after the United States) (Infoplease).
Because of scandals involving leaders of industry, government officials and bankers, Japan suffered in the Asian economic crisis in 1998,
(Infoplease). In 2009, the Democratic Party of Japan won the general election and ended the unbroken rule of the Liberal Democratic Party (BBC).
Also, in 2009, it faced the worst economic crisis since World War II because its economy shrank by 3.3% (BBC). However, it started to grow in 2010
but China overtook Japan as the world's second–largest economy

The Ideas Of Two Architects Who Have Been Considered As...
The purpose of this essay is to discuss the ideas of two architects who have been considered as the pioneers of Modern architecture in Britain,
Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew. These architects have implemented their concepts of modern architecture and its own elements, in the construction of
Chandigarh, a new city in India, which is the capital of two states Punjab and Haryana. The Sir George Birdwood Memorial Lecture by Maxwell Fry
and Jane Drew talked about the construction of modern India. They explain one of the most important parts of their Five–Year Plan that relates to
housing and architecture; besides, the division of the city in sectors and the implementation of roads for providing security access to each sector,
especially for the slum places was taken into consideration. In addition, they talk about housing indicating the way they manage to build the
respective houses and public places such as hospitals, schools, shops and others. At the beginning of the lecture, Fry provides some information of
"The Plan"; explaining that the project was meant to be finished in five year and that it was inaugurated in 1951. He pointed that in those days, over
the 80 per cent of Indians were farmers and for this reason, India had a massive fertile land. They had to look after some projects in order to provide
electrical power and irrigation over the entire city. Fry stated that "the key to modern city planning lies in definition of function"1. He explained that at
that period,

Next World War Could Be on Water
"Next world war could be on WATER"
"Anyone who can solve the problems of water will be worthy of two Nobel prizes – one for peace and one for science."
John F. Kennedy
Water Crisis:
Water is a basic requirement for all life, yet water resources are facing more and more demands from, and competition among, users. President
Kennedy has expressed the crisis of water in the above said lines so beautifully. According to World Water Council "While the world's population
tripled in the 20th century, the use of renewable water resources has grown six–fold. Within the next fifty years, the world population will increase by
another 40 to 50 %. This population growth – coupled with industrialization and urbanization – will result in an increasing ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
пѓ Helps in utilizing the primary source of water and prevent the runoff from going into sewer or storm drains, thereby reducing the load on treatment
plants.
пѓ Reduces urban flooding.
пѓ Recharging water into the aquifers help in improving the quality of existing groundwater through dilution.
Situation in India:
India is a developing country. The illiteracy rate there is comparatively high. Also water has been a main concern there. Even though the rate of
urbanization in India is among the lowest in the world, the nation has more than 250 million city–dwellers. Experts predict that this number will rise
even further, and by 2020, about 50 per cent of India's population will be living in cities. This is going to put further pressure on the already strained
centralized water supply systems of urban areas. (http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Crisis/Urbanwater–scenario.htm) According to Central Public
Health Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) estimates, as on 31 March 2000, 88 per cent of urban population has access to a potable water supply.
But this supply is highly erratic and unreliable. Transmission and distribution networks are old and poorly maintained, and generally not trustworthy.
The proper conservation of the water is one of the crises that need to be solved immediately else serious consequences may follow. Rain water
harvesting in this prospect seems a very

65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays...
BUSINESS SCHOOL HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 APPLICATION SECOND EDITION E S S AY S APPLICATION BUSINESS SCHOOL
HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 ECSNS A IYI O N S SE O D ED T With Analysis by the Staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School Newspaper
ST. MARTIN'S GRIFFIN NEW YORK 65 SUCCESSFUL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL APPLICATION ESSAYS, SECOND EDITION.
Copyright © 2009 byThe Harbus News Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. For–information, address St. Martin's
Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010. www.stmartins.com Library of Congress Cataloging...in..Publication Data 65 successful Harvard
Business –School application essays : with analysis by the staff of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
setback or failUre Chris Withers Eugenia Gibbons John Richard Craig Ellis Irfhan Rawji Thomson Nguy Anonymous Jordan Burton 150 152 154
157 159 161 163 165 Vii. ethical issUes Anonymous PaulYeh Rye Barcott Anonymous Adam Heltzer Anonymous Anonymous 171 174 177 180 183
186 189 Viii. other QUestion Nathan Dutzmann Anonymous David Zhang John Schmit 197 200 203 206 vii Contents Jaime Arreola Anonymous Ally
Ip Anonymous Anonymous Cabin Kim 209 212 215 218 220 222 viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The motivation to create the second edition of 65
Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays came from a recent rise in business school applications. With an abundance of qualified
candidates to choose from, admissions officers can be more selective, making admission to top schools even more challenging for applicants. The
Harbus, the Harvard Business School weekly student newspaper, recognizes that applicants require up–to–date materials and inspiration to match the
current environment. While this book includes the latest application essays, which are updated regularly by the ad... missions committee, it retains
several essaysfrom the first edition of the book because of their uniqueness as well as to reflect typical question topics that may reappear in future
admissions' applications. It is worth noting that this book is created by The Harbus News

The Great Levittown Essay
The Great Levittown Impact
The third listing for the definition of sprawl in the Merriam–Webster's dictionary is as follows: "to spread or develop irregularly". Unfortunately, this is
the pattern, or lack thereof, with which America's development is following. Every single day the world population rises, and these new babies have to
live somewhere. Due to the fact that the birth rate is larger than that of the death rate in America (http://www.bartleby.com/151/a24.html), new homes
and communities must be developed to accommodate all of the incoming people. This fundamental concept is coupled by another very powerful driving
force prompting people to live in the suburbs of America, and that is greed. The economy makes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This leader provided the town with sustenance, protection, and leadership that the people needed to function properly. As the town's diameter grew
larger towards the city walls, space became scarce, and the walls were knocked down and expanded to accommodate more people. And when the town
grew too big for its walls, another town was created in a new location. As time progressed, so did the expansion of human developments and technology.
Man developed the boat, the railroad system, and most importantly, the steam engine. These things greatly broadened the horizons of travel, trade, and
economic prosperity. In the mid 1800's, America experienced the start of the industrial revolution, and wealth became abundant to the merchant class
(the owners of product developing companies). With this new wealth, the business leaders found that life in the busy cities was not to their liking, so
they began the suburban movement to the country. Here they found life to be much more tolerable and rewarding. However, this life was only shared
among the economically elite, (which was only a fraction of the total population), and did not see a massive interest until William Levitt created
Levittown.
William Levitt was the son of an architect, and the brother of a businessman. He was a dreamer on a grand scale, and happened to concoct one of the
most influential and prosperous business decisions in

Guide to Measuring Hse Performance
1
A GUIDE TO MEASURING
HEALTH & SAFETY
PERFORMANCE
December 2001
2
MEASURING HEALTH AND SAFETY PERFORMANCE
Contents
Introduction
How will this guidance help me?
What the guidance is not
Why is guidance necessary?
Why measure performance?
Introduction
Providing information
Answering questions
Decision making
Addressing different information needs
What to measure
Introduction
Measuring the hazard burden
Measuring the health and safety management system
Measuring failure – reactive monitoring
Measuring the health and safety culture
Planning and implementing – a more detailed look
When to measure performance
Who should measure performance

How to measure performance
Introduction
Deriving performance measures ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They struggle to develop health and safety performance measures which are not based solely on injury and ill health statistics. The traditional approach
to measuring health and safety performance
If managing directors or CEOs were asked how they measured their companies' performance, they would probably mention measures like percentage
profit, return on investment or market share. A common feature of the measures quoted would be that they are generally positive in nature– reflecting
achievement – rather than negative, reflecting failure.
If the same people were asked how they measured their companies' health and safety performance, it is likely that the only measure quoted would be
injury statistics. While the general business performance of an organisation is subject to a range of positive measures, for health and safety it too often
5
comes down to one negative measure, injury and ill health statistics – measures of failures.
Health and safety differs from many areas measured by managers because success results in the absence of an outcome (injuries or ill health) rather
than a presence. But a low injury or ill–health rate, even over a period of years, is no guarantee that risks are being controlled and will not lead to
injuries or ill health in the future. This is particularly true in organisations where there is a low probability of accidents but where major hazards are
present. Here the historical record can be a

Synopsis Of The Design Engineering Canvas
3.1 DESIGN ENGINEERING CANVAS
Fig:4.AEIOU SHEET
Fig: 5..EMPATHY CANVAS
Fig:6.IDEATION CANVAS
Fig:7.PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS
3.2.1 Traffic volume study
Traffic Volume is the quantity of vehicles intersection an area of street for each unittime at any select period.
Traffic volume is utilized as an amount measure of stream; the normally utilized unit is vehicle every day and vehicles every hour. An entire activity
volume study may incorporate the grouped volume ponder by recording the volume of different sort and classes of activity, the conveyance by heading
and turning developments and dissemination by bearing and turning development and the circulation on various paths per unit time. The protest and of
movement volume studies are given beneath:
1.Traffic volume is for the most part acknowledged as a genuine measure of the relative significance of streets and in choosing the need for
development and extension.
2.Traffic volume study is utilized as a part of arranging, activity operation and control of existing offices furthermore to plan and outlining the new
offices.
3.This study is utilized as a part of the examination of activity examples and patterns.
4.Classified volume study is helpful in auxiliary outline of asphalt, in geometric plan and in registering roadway limit.
5.Volume dissemination study is utilized as a part of arranging one way lanes and other administrative measures.
6.Turning development study is utilized

Garden City Movement Essay
THE EVOLUTION OF THE GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT AND ITS HISTORICAL INFLUENCE
INTRODUCTION
The garden city movement, a method of urban planning that was initiated in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard, had a significant influence on urban
planning. The theory of urban planning has envolved over the past hundred years, some have attempted to emulate theories from the garden city
movement, while others have been revised based on Howard's original ideas. The Garden City concept spawned many ideas of urban planning. Among
these ideas, the Garden Suburb, Satellite City, the New Towns Movement and the New Urbanism are all significant theories in the history of urban
planning and had their influence to this day. The integration of town and country, the separation of conflicting land uses and modes of travel, and the
ideas of growth management are all elements of the Garden City concept that have made made their ways into plans of most major Western cities.
The purpose of this paper is to review the key ideas of the Garden City Movement and to discuss how his ideas have been developed and revised in the
latter urban planning theories, which are, the Garden Suburb, Satellite City, the New Towns Movement and the New Urbanism.
Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City Idea
The garden city idea emerged during a time when countries were beginning to urbanize (15% of the world's population were urban, a rapidly growing
figure). There, the living and working environments were squalid and the working

Case Study: Newton Tools In Dandenong
As the new logistics manager for Newton Tools in Dandenong, it is essential to analyse all aspects the workplace, to determine areas that pose risks
and to develop solutions that assist the company, now and into the future. Initially, a tour of the facility was undertaken and then a staff meeting was
called to discuss how the warehouse functioned. Consequently, based on these initial observations it was determined that further investigation was
required which is to be the basis of this report.
Firstly, a risk assessment will be undertaken producing a Risk Register and a Risk Treatment Register from which the five greatest warehouse risks will
be determined and listed in order of importance. Subsequently, the organisational culture will be explored, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It can be assumed that the wrong item is either freighted back at Newtons cost or accepted as a loss. The consequence of each error is very damaging
to the reputation and financial stability of the company, alarmingly no records are kept on error rates. Without the analysis of records, it is difficult to
focus on the cause and develop solutions, inevitably remaining in a cycle of repeated errors until it has catastrophic repercussions for the companies'

The Space Of Millennium Park
The space of Millennium Park is defined by rows of trees which outline the perimeter of the park on all four sides. The trees on the outline of the park
create a buffer between the park and the busy city streets. Internally, the trees within the park serve as a dividing barrier for smaller spaces/attractions,
allowing different spaces to communicate different functions and ideas. A majority of space withinMillennium Park all rise above the human scale. The
surrounding buildings and skyscrapers serve as a reminder of how little we are compared to the vast size of the city. Interesting, although humans are
small relatively compared to the park. The surroundings reflect what we are capable of and the scale of what we can achieve. Territory ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Boundaries within the garden are created through the trees and hedged on the outer perimeter. Inside the park, the limestone curbs/walls define the
spaces that the plants occupy. They also serve as barriers in order to prevent visitors from going directly into the garden.
Spaces like the Jay Pritzker Pavilion and the Great Lawn individually create space through division of territory. The Great Lawn is defined by a
large area of cut grass. The enormous space welcomes onlookers from every direction of the park. It's flat and soft surface allows visitors to freely
dictate how they want to use the space, ranging from relaxing to engage in physical activities. The Jay Pritzker Pavilion defines itself separately
from the Great Lawn by using cement as a surface instead of grass. Individuals that occupy this space are welcomed by a fixed seating area, unlike
the lawn where people can freely occupy a space. Collectively, the two spaces are hard to miss, because they tower over a majority of trees and
sculpture in the park. Relative to the human scale, the metal frames and interlocking steel pipes that stretch across the Great Lawn mimic the ambiance
of an indoor concert hall.
Organization and Composition
The places within Millennium Park occupy a certain space on the grid. This

Urban Sprawl Essay
Introduction
An emerging issue is that of urban sprawl. While some aspects of urban sprawl has been seen since ancient times, this phenomenon has started gaining
the most momentum in the past century, aided by the advancement of technology, especially with the rise of mass produced automobiles, houses and
highway systems. Many people unknowingly contribute to this environmental problem, as is the nature of it. Urban sprawl deals with the growth of
the suburbs, the area between the urban and rural areas of a city. Most of America's largest cities and states, in terms of population, are prime examples
of urban sprawl. Opponents of urban sprawl usually cite the government as a major cause of sprawl. The government may be a major catalyst of ...
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The wealthiest often would have the most space in the city, while the class directly below them would be cramped within the city yet separate from
the wealthiest of them all. This cramped lifestyle was not very pleasing to majority of the population, yet many chose to live there because of
necessity. The outsides of the city walls, known as the suburbia, housed the people that could not afford life inside the city. Despite poor dwellings in
the suburban areas, people still praised and wrote about the pleasant suburban life, as they could escape the atrocious, cramped and uncomfortable city.
The sprawling of the urban population became more apparent in London a few centuries after the fall of the Roman Empire, where people now had
money to build or buy houses outside the city limits. These areas were much cleaner and quieter than the main city, similar to the characteristics of
cities in Rome. (Bruegmann)
In America, sprawl became much more noticeable in the 1950s. The first noticeable and prominent example of the growth of the suburbs in America is
Levittown, built in 1948 on Long Island, New York. This community was advertised and intended for post–war America and for returning veterans and
their families. Americans perceived it to be a new and cheap housing community, and the houses and communities were attractive to the new residents,
with many of them coming from urban areas (Hales). People sought to escape the

Building Construction
Building Construction
Related to the Fire Service
Chapter 1: Building Construction & Fire Service
The building variables that FF must consider: Age of building – age in itself is not a hazard but an indication of potential hazards Fire protection
systems – first line of defense in a building Occupancy of the building – often affects fire behavior...each occupancy has different hazards & fuels, and
the structural components are subjected to different temperatures, heat release, & duration. Fire/fuel loads – weight of combustibles per sq ft...can be
used to determine the total heat release Type of construction Configuration – refers to a buildings general shape or layout Access & exposures ... Show
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& the International Code Council (ICC)
National Fire Protection Association
The five types of building construction are:
Type I – the least combustible building type and considered to be "fire–resistive". The two most common methods of constructing Type I buildings are
by using reinforced concrete or a protected steel frame. The structural members (walls, floors, columns, beams, and roof) are constructed of
non–combustible or limited combustible materials that have a specified fire resistance.. These non–combustible materials are defined by the building
code that is adopted. The primary fuel load is composed of the contents of the structure. Bearing walls, columns, & beams a fire–resistance rating of
3–4 hrs Floor construction 2–3 hrs Floor construction 1–2 hrs Partitions usually 1–2 hrs
Type II – is similar to type I in construction. Theses buildings are considered "non–combustible or limited combustible" construction. The structural
members are allowed to be at a lower fire rating than type I buildings. Type II Construction can be either protected or unprotected. In unprotected
construction, the major components are noncombustible but have no fire resistance. Unprotected steel is the most common characteristic in
unprotected, noncombustible construction the sub classifications: 222 & 111, have structural components with one or two

Goodwill Bridge Essay
The purpose of the project is to investigate the Construction Engineering infrastructure and process involved with the designing and building of the
Goodwill Bridge.
The Goodwill bridge is a bridge which spans across the Brisbane river carrying non–motorised traffic such as cyclists and pedestrians. The purpose of
the bridge was to create a shorter and more convenient route of travel for residents wishing to travel between South Bank Parklands and Gardens
Point in the Brisbane CBD. Due to the Brisbane river being the separation of these locations; the Goodwill bridge was a convenient, helpful solution.
The bridge was first opened by the Premier of Queensland on the 21st of October, 2001.
The construction of the Goodwill bridge involved skilled engineering analysis and design ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The clearance below ranges between the lowest point of 11.4 metres and the highest point of 12.7 metres. The arch is 102 metres in length, 10 metres
wide, and 15 metres high. The bridge has a total weight of 360 long tons.
The Goodwill bridge' aesthetically pleasing figure was designed by skilled architects from Cox Rayner and then passed on to the engineers at Ove Arup
and Partners, to continue on with the further design preparation before the structure was to be constructed. A large well known construction company
was in charge of the bridge construction, with the main contractor being John Holland.. In charge of the project was project manager Jack Sullivan,
from Amtec International Construction Services.
Since the creation of the Goodwill bridge, the amount of traffic on the bridge daily has been noticeably increasing. On an average week, over 40'000
people travel across the bridge due to its convenience and easy accessibility. For the university students of QUT that catch the train in every day to
Southbank, it provides fast and easy travel to and from

Operational Risk Management
в‰€в€
љ
F M A
G u i d e l i n e s on
Operational Risk Management
These guidelines were prepared by the Oesterreichische Nationalbank in cooperation with the Financial Market Authority
Published by:
Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB) Otto–Wagner–Platz 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria Austrian Financial Market Authority (FMA) PraterstraГ
џe 23, 1020
Vienna, Austria
Produced by:
Oesterreichische Nationalbank
Editor in chief:
GГјnther Thonabauer, Communications Division (OeNB) Barbara NГ¶sslinger, Staff Department for Executive Board Affairs and Public Relations
(FMA)
Editorial processings:
Chapter I and III: Roman Buchelt, Stefan Unteregger (OeNB) Chapter II and IV: Wolfgang Fend, Radoslaw Zwizlo, Johannes Lutz (FMA)
Design: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
xecutive Board
3

Contents
1 Causes and Deп¬Ѓnition of Operational Risk 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Deп¬Ѓ nition of Operational Risk 1.3 Characteristics and Importance of
Operational Risk 1.4 Case Studies 2 Methods of Operational Risk Management 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Organizational Framework Conditions 2.2.1
Framework 2.2.2 Roles and Responsibilities 2.3 Step–by–Step Introduction of Operational Risk Management 2.3.1 Starting Point 2.3.2 Raising
Awareness and Creating the Basis 2.3.3 Implementation 2.3.4 Enhancements and Ongoing Adaptation 2.3.5 Integration into Bank–Wide Capital
Allocation and Risk Management 2.4 Operational Risk Management as a Cycle 2.5 Risk Identiп¬Ѓcation and Assessment 2.5.1 Self–Assessment (Risk
Inventory) 2.5.2 Loss Database 2.5.3 Business Process Analysis 2.5.4 Scenario Analysis 2.5.5 Key Risk Indicators (KRIs) 2.5.6 Quantiп¬Ѓcation of
Operational Risk 2.5.7 Exemplary Approaches to Calculating Regulatory Capital 2.6 Risk Treatment 2.6.1 Risk Avoidance 2.6.2 Risk Mitigation 2.6.3
Risk Sharing and Transfer 2.6.4 Risk Acceptance 2.7 Risk Control 2.8 Risk Reporting and the Role of Communication and Information 2.8.1
Communication and Information 2.8.2 Reporting 2.9 Company–wide Risk Management 2.10 Operational Risk Management in Smaller Banks 2.11
Operational Risk Management by Securities and Investment Firms in Austria 2.12 Principles for the Sound Management of Operational Risk 3
Speciп¬Ѓc Measures of Operational Risk Management 3.1 Systems: Infrastructure

I Am A Tourist Guide At St. Michael 's Cathedral
With Love and Squalor Amelia He When I boarded the afternoon flight for Vancouver, my total outfit consisted of a small carry
–on bag, a North Face
rain jacket, and a black leather snap purse containing my ticket, passport, wallet, and a folded paper with my residential address on West Mall Street.
It was early September. I was at the ripe age of seventeen, bright, timid, and full of the foolish illusions of youth. A gush of tears at my mother's
farewell wave, a touch in the throat when the plane engine clacked, a pathetic sigh as the familiar cosmopolitan environs passed in view. The threads
which bound me so tightly to home were irreversibly broken. While stranded mid–air, I reached to the stale tourist catalogue packed in the back seat
pocket. The cover page was a glossy picture of St. Michael 's Cathedral. And I recall a very strange, inexplicable incident. I had been volunteering as
a tourist guide at St. Michael 's Cathedral all day long. Towards sunset, just before it got dark, I left my shift and sat on the steps of Banh Mi Boys
Sandwich Shop unwrapping a sandwich. The April sun bathed the clear frosty weather. All the skyscrapers sparkled and glittered in the brilliant light
–– a stark contrast from the gloomy hue emitted by the panhandler next to me on the steps. The young man fidgeted and jittered in the chill, with his
dwarfish figure, his bent back, his face with the stamp of forty years upon it, his jacket torn at the seams, his head, balding but for locks

Land Use And Transportation Planning: A Case Study
1. Introduction
Today's land use planning and policies are intended to preserve values of cultural resources and enhance sustainable communities and neighborhoods.
Among various specific components to achieve it in planning practice, recently improvement of job accessibility and encouragement of mixed land use
have been rising topics in the planning field. This is because well–designed and well–utilized these two features through the land use and transportation
planning not only can reduce individual vehicle mile travel (VMT) and urban traffic congestion (Ewing and Cervero, 2010), but also can provide
lively urban places (Jacobs, 1961). However, although numerous studies have provided empirical evidence of their effectiveness – for example,
reducing a physical distance between jobs and housing through these two components increases public transportation use, walking and bicycling
(Cervero and Duncan, 2006), little attention has been paid to demand side of the land use components. Namely, little is known about whether the land
use features really meet the residents' needs. Some scholars pointed out that most previous studies have only focused on the supply–oriented policies or
planning (Koster and Rouwendal, 2012; Plaut and Boarnet, 2003). However, in order to create sustainable urban places and better living environments
given the limited amount of urban land, land use planning or policies carefully reflecting demanders' needs are essential.
Koster and Rouwendal (2012)

The World 's Urban Population
1Introduction background From 2011 to 2050 it is expected that the world urban population is rise from 7.4 billion to 9 billon. Much of this will
be in the cities of developing and less developing countries (World Urbanization Prospects the 2011 Revision, 2012). Therefore maximum of the
development will happen in Asia and Africa. Population will be living in urban areas by 2020 and 2035 respectively. It is forecast that the world's
urban population will grow by 1.4 billion during the period of 2011 and 2030. China will be Share 276 million and India be 218 million in this
increment. India will account for slightly over 15.5% of increase the world urban population (World Urbanization Prospects the 2011 Revision,
2012). Urban population is growing and that are going to be face problem like congestion and pollution. India contribute 6% of world Road
accidents and 10% of world road death rate. More than the 1.41 lakh people die in road accidents and more than 1 million deadly road accident
take place every year. They are mostly of pedestrians or cyclist. For them there is hardly devoted space on road (Jain, 2014). Indian cities are
urbanizing and population is increasing 280 million in 2001 and 590 million by 2030 probably. Motor vehicle population in India has increase by 100
times from 1951 to 2004, while the road network as expended only 8 times. This has caused huge strain on the urban transport infrastructure, which is
already of overcapacity coupled with problems of

Cs 539 Agent And Multiagents Systems
CS 539 Agent and Multiagents Systems
Project Report
Adaptive Traffic Control System
Submitted by: Manoj Ravi(SIU853104441) S.Geeta Bala Tejaswi(SIU851906446) Mounica Ammireddy(SIU851930850)
Introduction:
An Electronic Institution contains different types of agents playing different roles in a given scenario. Every scenario is composed of coordination
protocol by specifying their roles in that particular scenario. Every Electronic Institution [2] is composed of dialogic framework which will establish
the language and nature that has to be followed by different agents in a given environment, a performative structure which defines the activities
including the relationships between all the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Traffic control system here employs police agents to monitor the activities of vehicles and impose fine for any offence committed by the car agents.
Car agents will follow the norm if they are aware that a police agent is watching and may or may not obey if they realize the absence of a police
agent. To generalize, traffic control system may setup secret cameras at first to see how many are following the norm irrespective of the presence and
absence of police agent. Depending on the data collected a decision can be made whether to use a police agent or reduce the monitoring using a police
agent. An Electronic Institution is said to be more successful if it can adopt itself to a changing environment and such an Electronic Institution is called
Adaptive Electronic Institution and hence the ideal characteristic of an Adaptive Electronic Institution is it should initiate and control by itself. Some
of the characteristics of an Adaptive Electronic Institution are it should be able to configure and reconfigure itself under varying conditions; it must be
able to optimize its inner workings; monitor its components and adjust its processing to achieve its goals; it should able to identify the malfunctioning
if any and should be able to repair itself. Why only an Adaptive Electronic Institution? We have already defined an Adaptive Electronic

Community-Based Policing: Law Enforcement for the...
Community–Based Policing: Law Enforcement For The Twentieth Century
by KONSTANTINOS I. KORIAS. ENGLISH COMPOSITION PROFESSOR CHUCK NILES (MONDAY NIGHT CLASS)
OUTLINE
Thesis:Community–based policing provides hope for the future of Law enforcement.
I. Introduction to C.B.P. A.The roots of C.B.P. B.So what is community? II.The two elements of C.B.P. law enforcement philosophy are: A. Community
partnership. B. Problem solving. III. The reaction of police to change. IV. The future of C.B.P. A. A first step in C.B.P. B. Measuring success. C.
Crime
prevention. V. Conclusion.
INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY–BASED POLICING.
"In Philadelphia, a pulsating tavern juke box that has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is an evolutionary and not revolutionary philosophy that attempts to refocus the essence of policing to "a
Law Enforcement (philosophy) that tries to do two things: first bring police officers and citizens together in neighborhoods. Second give the Police
responsibility for solving problems in the community.@ (Wilson pg. 21) As stated above the new Law enforcement philosophy incorporates two
elements: Community partnership and Problem solving. These two elements are the cores of the policing strategy for the future of American large
communities( inner cities ) and other high crime areas. The way to achieve the results promised by C.B.P. is through constant education and the
application of the two elements of C.B.P.
COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP means adopting a policing perspective that exceeds the standard Law enforcement emphasis. This broadened outlook
recognizes the value of activities that contribute to the orderliness and well being of a neighborhood (community). These activities could be helping
accident or crime victims, improving emergency medical services, helping resolve domestic and neighborhood conflicts, controlling automobile and
pedestrian traffic(Bureau of
Justice assistance pg. 15)

The two major functions of the Community partnership are to keep the two parties communicating, and to assess the level of fear ( of crime )in the
community. To avoid high level of fear in the Community Problem solving

Habeaus Corpas
The War against Terror as War against the Constitution Jackson A. Niday, II Abstract: This essay examines rhetorical dynamics in the 2004 US
Supreme Court case Hamdi v. Rumsfeld. News reports suggested the court split 8–1 or 6–3. However, case texts show substantive disagreements
created a 4–2–2–1 split in the court. Moreover, while the justices on the bench split into four camps rather than two, those camps were not defined
along ideological lines. This essay argues that pragmatism, the legal philosophy that held sway in the case, achieved practical expediency at the
expense of judicial and constitutional coherency. In the end, the court found a majority through neither persuasion nor principled conviction but, rather,
through... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each of these philosophies has engendered rich schools of thought and many tomes have been devoted to defining each position, but we can distill
working definitions from their governing hermeneutic principles. Textualism (often called strict constructivism) calls for an interpretation and
application of the law guided by taking the words of a source document literally with strict adherence to etymology and historical precedent.1 Legal
pragmatism, in contrast, adopts a hermeneutics stressing ''(1) the importance of context; (2) the lack of foundations; (3) the instrumental nature of law;
and (4) the unavoidable presence of alternate perspectives.''2 In the Hamdi case, Justice O'Connor's pragmatism battled and bested Justice Scalia's
textualism. That triumph, however, was a narrow victory, and a victory riddled with dissonance. It was also a victory that evoked from Scalia one of
the more scathing jeremiads he has issued from the bench. In what follows, I shall analyze the argumentation of Hamdi in terms of substance and style,
and will look at the various opinions issued, along with a detailed examination of Scalia's lamentation. A decidedly American philosophy, pragmatism
seeks what works. In that pursuit, its focus on the instrumental often privileges expediency over principle. For many human endeavors, finding
expedient resolutions simply

Ocd
COGNITIVE–BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR OCD This page intentionally left blank COGNITIVE
–BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR OCD DAVID
A. CLARK THE GUILFORD PRESS New York London © 2004 The Guilford Press A Division of Guilford Publications, Inc. 72 Spring Street, New
York, NY 10012 www.guilford.com All rights reserved Paperback edition 2007 Except as noted, no part of this book may be reproduced, translated,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise,
without written permission from the Publisher. Printed in the United States of America This book is printed on acid–free paper. Last digit is print
number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 LIMITED... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, by the late 1980s and early 1990s, behavioral researchers like Paul Salkovskis and Jack Rachman were advocating a more integrative theory
and treatment of OCD, an approach that amalgamated the behavioral treatment of OCD with Beck's (1976) cognitive theory of emotional disorders.
From these two theoretical perspectives on clinical disorders, a new cognitive–behavioral approach to obsessions and compulsions was born. In many
respects, my own professional development has taken a path similar to that seen in cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) for obsessional states. My roots
are in the behavioral tradition, dating back to the early 1980s when I was a graduate student at the Institute of Psychiatry in London, England. My
interest in OCD and unwanted intrusive thoughts was sparked by the stimulating discussions and innovative research of the clinical faculty, most
notably Jack Rachman and Padmal de Silva. My doctoral thesis on the psychophysiology of mental control and unwanted intrusive thoughts was an
outgrowth of their insights into the pathology of obsessional thought. vii viii Preface In the late 1980s, I was introduced to the cognitive perspective
on clinical disorders by Aaron T. Beck. I was privileged to spend a few months at the Center for Cognitive Therapy in Philadelphia, where I received
training in Beck's therapy approach. Over the last 15 years I have

Essay On The Sniper
According to Johnson (2011), "in 1922, (what is now Northern Ireland), divided the small island nation into many factions which fought in the streets
of Dublin and across the countryside." Two groups fought in the civil war the Republicans, that favor the unification of Ireland and Free Staters, that
prefer the separation of Ireland. Liam O'Flaherty, a World War Iveteran, produced a work of literature which described in vivid detail the horrors of war
and the effects violence could have on both civilians and soldiers (Johnson, 2011). Liam O'Flaherty author of "The Sniper," uses a young man to
represent a battle that happened in Ireland, his country. A battle is raging on in the Irish nation forcing soldiers to kill one another. A civil... Show more
He uses this technique even by using the word sniper which means someone is an excellent shot, and shoots at someone or something from a place
of concealment. A rooftop setting is used to conceal the sniper, while pedestrians below him on the street are his targets. As the sniper lies on the
roof, he is also protected by the darkness of the night. He lacks a sense of rationality as he reveals himself to his enemy due to his immaturity. This
complicates the plot as this a major part of the conflict between a Republican and a Free Stater. He still holds his conviction to be true as he ends the
lives of the man that shoots him and an innocent woman. As the sniper shows his pride in his Republican beliefs, he removes those opposing

Utilization Rates of Pedestrian Bridges in Kuala Lumpur
Introduction
Traffic congestion and air pollution are becoming growing problems in many cities in Malaysia. In order to discourage automobile dependency, and
increase pedestrian activities particularly for short trips, the government has begun to promote non–motorized travel options by improving pedestrian
facilities that promote an assured level of convenience, comfort, and security for potential users. One of the facilities that have been provided by the
government is the pedestrian bridge.
A pedestrian bridge or footbridge is a bridge constructed for pedestrians and sometimes for cyclists and bikers as well. It reduces the conflicts of traffic
flow between the pedestrians and the vehicles by separating them. Hence, it helps in overcoming accidents and offers safety.
However, due to the added travel distance, most of the pedestrians normally avoid using these bridges. This in turn, adds to traffic congestion and
accidents that involve pedestrians.
For the purposes of this research evaluation, the site selections are around the city of Kuala Lumpur.В¬В¬
Background to the Study
Pedestrian bridges may offer safety and protection to the users but pedestrians often avoid using these facilities. According to the survey that has been
conducted by H. Rizati, Siti Zaharah Ishak, Intan Rohani Endut (2013), this is due to several factors. They are the added travel distance, the location of
the facility, and the vehicle volume. Pedestrians prefer to utilize pedestrian

Sustainable Building Material...
Green Building
A Guide to Sustainable Building Materials and Methods in Santa Cruz County
Funded through waste reduction grants from the City and County of Santa Cruz Departments of Public Works, and in cooperation with Ecology Action.
Green Building: A Guide to Sustainable Building Materials and Methods in Santa Cruz County
© 2004, Ecology Action of Santa Cruz Principal Authors: Barry Hooper & Karsten Mueller, Ecology Action Editor & Kiosk/Graphic Designer: Jenny
Shelton, Shelton Design
Table of Contents
General Requirements
Introduction to Green Building Construction Waste Reduction Recycled Content Materials Reusable, Recyclable, & Biodegradable Materials
Deconstruction 2 4 5 6 7
This booklet, which offers a broad ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Such a material would be infinitely reusable or recyclable.1 "Perfect" materials are rare, but in practice, there are a growing number of green materials
that reduce or eliminate negative impacts on people and the environment. As manufacturers, building professionals, and owners constantly strive for
better buildings, we encourage others in the supply chain to join us in pursuit of a better world. Incorporating green products into a project does not
imply sacrifice in performance, or aesthetics, and does not necessarily entail higher cost. While one can spend considerably more for green materials,
careful shoppers will find cost–competitive environmentally–preferable options. For example, a joint US EPA/Army study of more than 2200 paints
showed environmentally preferable options cost an average of $1.76 less per gallon 2 gallon.
Considerations
This booklet offers simple suggestions to help select greener options for a wide array of common materials, and provides references to resources for
more detailed information. For materials not included in this document, the checklist in the appendix and the sidebars of pages 2–3 can help you to
organize your analysis. The evaluation of materials is based upon three questions: Is the material renewable and resource efficient in its manufacture,
installation, use, and disposal? Does the material support the health and well being of occupants, construction personnel, the public, and the

environment? The most critical

Karl Marx 's The Feminist Standpoint Essay
That Nancy Hartstock should follow Karl Marx's lead in developing her "Feminist Standpoint" – the perspective of the oppressed in a 'phallocratic'
regime in order to describe the oppressive dynamics of the ruling gender – did not surprise me. Standpoint was the analysis that enabled Marx to
accurately view and describe the exchange of values that ultimately benefits the bourgeoisie with surplus value and capital, much to the detriment of
their workers (who are subsequently left to survive on subsistence–wages). Given its historic standing, political credentials, and academic regard,
Marxist understanding of capital and capitalism would be the logical blueprint upon which to build a more modern analysis of similar social relations.
In that regard, "The Feminist Standpoint" successfully succeeds in what it intends to achieve – to construct a unique female viewpoint from which to
map out the long reach of a repressive patriarchy. As many feminist researchers have long known and advocated for, the view from the bottom–up is
the one that will yield the widest view of the dominant group's top–down subjugation (Hesse–Biber 2006). Yet, in adhering so closely to Marx's model
of dichotomous dynamics – bourgeoisie vs. proletariat, owners of the modes of production vs. workers, capitalism vs. revolution – "The Feminist
Standpoint" appears to leave itself little theoretical space to imagine any nuanced interventions of its binaries. Hartstock seems content – albeit with

Effects of Urban Crime on the Urban Environment
EFFECTS OF URBAN CRIME ON THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Technical Paper by: Ms. Adit Padhi (aditipadhi@gmail.com)
"Greater concern about terrorism places new opportunities before the design community. If protection is considered from the outset, design can make
buildings and people safer."1 Introduction Violentcrime was the issue of the nineties, while terrorism has become the talk at the onset of 21st century.
Understanding crime prevention design is therefore an invaluable tool in organization and maintenance of order in our societies. Planner and
sociologist Duncan describes " a social problem as a recurrent condition that has been defined by influential groups as a deviation from social
standards."2 When a social deviance exceeds group ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
6 REQUIREMENTS FOR CRIME FREE HOUSING: 1. Moderate locking system, provided the opportunity for crime is reduced by design. 2.
Facing windows: The houses should face each other across the street or similar shared access area , to create a system of mutual surveillance. (Fig
1.1) 3. High fences at the sides and rear, boundaries of individual housing plots. 4. Front access to a secure yard, by providing a gateway to the
front of the house. The gateway should be lockable and easily supervised from inside. 5. Access for servicing and delivering. It is desirable to provide
such a space by the front door, but out of sight from the public footpath 6. Space at the front acting as transition zones. (Fig 1.2)
7. All car parking should be on the hard standings within he curtilage of the house, preferably at the front to facilitate surveillance. (Fig 1.3) 8. A
garages at the side of the road close to the front entrance. (Fig 1.4)
9. Limit road access to an area as it reduces traffic. (Fig 1.5)
10. Avoid through pedestrian routes. Where pedestrian routes are separate from the roadways, they should not be planned to create a series of through
routes. (Fig 1.6)
11. Houses should be oriented to face access routes and especially to focus on the entry points to provide intensive surveillance. (Fig 1.7)
12. Green spaces outside housing areas, and provided near the entrances. (Fig 1.8)

Literature Review:

Technical Obsession And Modernity Of Cinematic Reception
Chapter 1
Technical Obsession and Modernity of Cinematic Reception
Case Study: The Man with the Movie Camera; The Artist
This chapter conducts a comparative study of two films, The Man with the Movie Camera (Vertov, 1929) and The Artist (Hazanavicius, 2011),
examining how they reflect cinematic technical developments of the 1920s–1930s. Director Dziga Vertov depicted one day in a Soviet city around ten
years after the 1917 October Revolution, which had seen the Czar overthrown and the establishment of Lenin?s Bolshevik government[footnoteRef:1].
Roberts (2000) dissected the overall structure of the ?day? as, ?one–third rest, one–third work, one–third leisure.? The film portrayed the city
chronologically from before sunrise–when citizens ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, The Man with the Movie Camera combined the depiction of the city with reflexive representations of the filmmaking process and the
auditorium. [1: Since 1921, Soviet society had seen the relative success of Lenin?s New Economic Policy and its ultimate transformation to full central
planning by 1928, under Premier Stalin. The film is essentially a criticism of the New Economic Policy (Roberts, 2000, p.23.]
The Artist covered a transitional period in cinema– indicated by the intertitle of the film as being 1927–1931– from the era of silent movies to the
advent of sound. The film displayed the process of Hollywood silent movie star George Valentin (Jean Dujardin) failing in his previously successful
acting career, resulting from negatively confronting the emergence and subsequent popularity of the talkies[footnoteRef:2]. He attempts to revive the
silent movie enterprise through the assistance of Peppy Miller (enacted by B?r?nice Bejo, Hazanavicius? wife), a star–actress of the new sound films.
The finale resolves George?s quandary through his participation in musicals. The ending also attributes George?s initial fears around the advent of
sound to him having a French accent. In accordance with the film?s theme and configuration, Hazanavicius presented it as a black–and–white, silent
film[footnoteRef:3] framed in 1.33:1 aspect ratio. Furthermore, the film was

Effects and Impact of Solid Waste Generation in Abuja...
CHAPTER 1
1.1BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The quantity and generation rate of solid wastes in Nigeria have increased over at an alarming rate over the
years with lack of efficient and modern technology for the management of the wastes. The generation rate, collection and disposal of solid wastes are
functions of several factors which if well considered and appropriated could bring the desired solution to the waste management problems in Nigeria.
This chapter contains a brief description of the problem of study, background to the problem, purpose of the study and research questions. Significance
and scope of the study were also discussed in this chapter. By definition, solid wastes could be defined as a non–liquid and non–gaseous ... Show more
From water drainages to uncompleted buildings, open field and most recently under a high tension power line belonging to the Power Holding
Company of Nigeria, anywhere can be used as dump sites. Simply put, open spaces in and around satellite towns are now at risk. The refuse
dumps stink horribly and has taken up a large portion of a high tension PHCN power mast. Refuse collectors routinely set fire to the refuse in an
effort to reduce its size to a manageable level. For example, a refuse collector, Mallam Zubairu Abubakar who was seen emptying the contents of his
truck at the unapproved dump site defended his action. According to him "where do you expect us to dump the refuse", we have to find a way of
disposing the refuse so I joined them. I expect that the government will use their truck to remove what we dump here and take it wherever they want or
in the alternative, show us another place to use as dump.
A resident of Nyanya Mr Michael Ojo described the situation in Nyanya as worse than other parts of Abuja. According to him, "we are at the mercy of
refuse here because even portions of the Abuja–Keffi road have become dumpsites. Unless something urgent is done, Abuja will become worse than
Lagos". The story is same in parts like Lugbe, a settlement around the precinct of Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
This research paper is aimed at

London Aquatics Centre
Table of contents
Introduction2
Design 3
Construction6
Green Features11
Bibliography12
Introduction Designed by internationally acclaimed architect Zaha Hadid, the breathtaking Aquatics Centre is one of the permanent venues specially
constructed for London 2012.The London Aquatics Centre is an indoor facility Measuring over 200 metres long with a 22,000 metre squared footprint,
the centre is the second largest main venue after the Olympic Stadium, and will form the 'gateway' to the Games with two 50–metre (160–foot)
swimming pools and a 25–metre (82–foot) diving pool in Olympic Park at Stratford, London, it was one of the main venues of the 2012 Summer
Olympics and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were later added to fit the estimated audience. With a capacity of 17,500, the Aquatics Centre's spectacular wave–like roof is 160m long and up to
80m wide – giving it a longer single span than Heathrow Terminal 5.
Construction
On 1 December 2005 Hadid was instructed to revise her designs after a specification change led to a doubling of the ВЈ75 million estimated cost. The
revised plans were unveiled on 27 November 2006. Although the same general design was kept, with capacity for 17,500 spectators, the revised
Aquatics Centre design was much smaller and was expected to cost much less than previously expected. However, subsequent cost increases were
reported to Parliament in 2008.The construction contract was awarded to Balfour Beatty in April 2008. At the same time, it was reported that the
centre would cost about three times as much as was originally estimated, totalling about ВЈ242 million. The cost increases were attributed to

construction inflation and VAT increases, and also included the estimated cost of converting the facility for public use after the Olympic andParalympic
Games. The Centre was completed in July 2011 at a final cost of ВЈ269 million. The design demonstrates the precast–concrete skills with by exposing
the concrete finish rather than painting or cladding which was provided by Peri. The precast floor terracing was manufactured by Bell & Webster
Concrete in

University of Nairobi Bsc. Civil Engineering Degree...
17/07/2012 University of Nairobi – Degree Programmes University of Nairobi A world–class univ ersity committed to scholarly excellence Search
Website Quick Links Faculties/Schools/Institutes About UON Academics Admission Student Life Research Contact Us Home > Academics > Degree
Programmes > Degree Information > Degree Regulation A–Z List of UON Departm ets a b c d e f g h ijklmn o p q r s t u v w x y z B.sc. (civil
Engineering) Degree Code: F16 Duration: 5 Faculty/School/Institute offered: SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING Regulations Introduction General
Regulations Course Outline Course Description Further Information Entry Requirements Course Description FIRST YEAR OF STUDY –
SEMESTER I FCE 101 – Communication Skills (45 hrs) For... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Number systems, codes, arithmetic and logic operations: Computer number systems and computer codes, arithmetic operations and computer logic
operations, introduction to binary number representation, positive and negative numbers, arithmetic operators and examples, one's–and
two's–complement, binary subtraction, addition, multiplication, division, real numbers (floating point), strings, arrays. Applications software:
Introduction, software packages, selection of software (factors to consider), wordprocessors (e.g. Wordstar), spreadsheets (e.g. Lotus), report generators
(e.g. Harvard Graphics), accounting packages (e.g. Dac Easy). Computer graphics (e.g. CAD packages e.g. Autocad), (to be covered through laboratory
exercises). Application Software : Packages: wordprocessing, spreadsheets, database management, mathematical programming, statistics (tabulations
and regression), project management. Software developments: knowledge–based systems (A.I.) FCE 181 – Chemistry IA (45 hrs) Inorganic
Chemistry: Solubility, precipitation, ion–exchange, nitrification and denitrification, oxidation–reduction reactions, absorption, characteristics and
significance of some salts and elements (ammonia, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates, silicates, chlorine, oxygen, ozone, carbon, etc.) Physical Chemistry:
Ions in solution, ionization energy, chemical energetics and bonding, chemical equilibrium, reaction kinetics. SEMESTER II FCE 104– Elements of

Parking Lot Proposal
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Parking is an important part of the transportation system. It is an efficient means of storing vehicles while they aren't in use, and it causes little
disruption to the neighboring roadways. Additionally, since parking is the terminal or destination for a trip, the availability ofparking space can affect
the attractiveness of destinations as well as transportation modes. The attractiveness of a destination is reduced if there is a delay or difficulty in
parking. The use of transit systems is increased in areas where parking is scarce. To be efficient, the transportation system must include adequate
parking facilities at all places that attract trips.
Parking lot plays an important role in the efficiency of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Typically the foreman is a person with specialist knowledge of a given trade who has moved into the position and is now focused on an overall
management of all trades rather than any particular specialized group.
Carpenteris a skilled craftsperson who performs carpentry. Carpenters work with wood to construct, install and maintain buildings, furniture, and other
objects. The work may involve manual labor and work outdoors.
ElectricianAssigned in the installation of new electrical components or the maintenance and repair of existing electrical infrastructure.
Designing EngineerIn charge of a subdivision in the Designs Division, under the Principal Assistant Engineer, having direct charge over the designing
of subway and elevated work and the examination of designs and plans prepared by the operating companies.
Designing Architect. In direct charge of the architectural design in connection with subway and elevated work under the Principal Assistant Engineer.
DraftsmanDoes detail work in preparing designs and plans, under Designer.
Electrical EngineerIn charge of passing on all plans for the electrical equipment, cost accounting of equipment, supervision of operation of the existing
lines, and evaluation of public–utility corporation, properties.
ACTIVITIES
TimelineActivities
1st weekDesigns and Dimensions
Parking lots shall be designed consistent with the standards and the minimum dimension requirements contained in the table:
TABLE

Hot Times In The City Analysis
Steven Ester
Prof. Hagen
PUP294
10 Nov. 2014
Hot Times in the City: Climate Change and Human Health From an analytical aspect, Jane Jacobs and The Death and Life of American Cities mark a
defining perspective in planning history and theory. A vast amount of visionaries prior to Jacobs constructed their ideal manifestations of what cities
should aim to resemble and provide, while the profession of urban planning itself continued to progress into the new age of development. Set in a time
of urban renewal, Jacobs' book dares to contest previous proposals and concepts through her personal beliefs, though she was never actually an
educated planner, architect, or landscaping major. Her critique is based on experiences and accounts she gathered ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The idea of having a region for one sole use produces the scrutinizing issue of a border. While Jacobs believes in some occasions they are needed,
she does not particularly like borders created from specific developments like railroad tracks or waterfronts. Meshing specialized land with general
land use properties can frames zone of deadness. Yet, a more serious discrepancy is the "vicious circle" termed for the slums in a city. Population holds
the matter in its grip, considering the lack of stability slum cycling generates. Residents occupy their slum only until they have the means to move
away, rather than staying and improving the neighborhood as time wages on. Jacobs scorns the renewal projects that typical planners dictate, because
they remove the chance of gradual improvement altogether. Thus, the "vicious circle" perpetuates due to the slum's inability to ever correct itself. If
sidewalks and diversity were properly initiated, Jacobs tends to see the unslumming as a problem solvable within the community

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