Juvenile Justice System Challenges

Juvenile Crime And Juvenile Justice System
In Society, many are concerned about the high percentage of crimes that are committed, we tend to
turn immediately to our youth thinking that if we somehow manage to keep youth under control we
will deter crimes. As discuss in chapter 9 and the OJJPD reports, the juvenile justice system had
determined that by waiving and transferring minors who commit crimes to criminal courts to be
tried and punished like an adult, there would be a decrease on violent crimes. On the other hand,
there are many intake alternatives and diversion programs that can be considered instead of
crowding up the criminal courts with juveniles delinquents. Research have point out various types of
studies, which makes a comparison of the effects on youth who were transferred to adult criminal
court with those who were retained in juvenile justice system. In the processes, youth were matched
with their age, gender, race, and prior offense history through automated data systems. By doing so,
it concluded that it was more likely to see an increase recidivism in youth when they were
transferred to criminal courts than to see an end of it. Therefore, placing youth in criminal court will
give that young person less opportunity to regained the possibility to become a better citizen. It is
clearly that placing "kids" in adult jails, gives them the urge to learn how to be tough and defend
themselves by proving to real criminals that they can be "good" criminals too, making them want to
reoffend when they get
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Juvenile Justice System
The juvenile justice system is a foundation in society that is granted certain powers and
responsibilities. It faces several different tasks, among the most important is maintaining order and
preserving constitutional rights. When a juvenile is arrested and charged with committing a crime
there are many different factors that will come in to play during the course of his arrest, trial,
conviction, sentencing, and rehabilitation process. This paper examines the Juvenile Justice System's
court process in the State of New Jersey and the State of California. The term juvenile delinquent
was established so that young lawbreakers could avoid being classified in legal records as criminals.
"The laws were designed to provide treatment, rather ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Depending on the case there is usually a pretrial period where the legal representation of the child
and the state confer and try to come to some sort of settlement. The pretrial period is critical for any
juvenile awaiting sentencing and conviction. Under juvenile criminal law in both states a child is not
given the right to a trial by jury (Neubauer, 452). Instead a juvenile must present their case before
one judge who will then decide their fate. In cases of serious offenses such as rape and murder, the
matter may be referred to the district or county attorney's office, after which the juvenile may be
charged as an adult, tried in the criminal courts, and even sentenced to an adult correctional facility.
In the New Jersey and California Juvenile Justice Systems, a minor has the same constitutional
rights as an adult (Neubauer, 454). A minor is entitled to have their Miranda rights read to them as
would an adult. Furthermore, a minor may invoke their Miranda rights and not make any statement
unless they have an attorney present. Also, although a minor may request to have their parents

The Juvenile Justice System
This article discussed diversion programs that are used to help adolescents who have been arrested
for first–time misdemeanors. These diversion programs use group counseling as a mandatory
component of sentencing demonstrate initial success in reducing recidivism rates in national
outcome studies. The goal of these diversion programs are to keep adolescents out of the juvenile
justice system whenever possible (Lipsey, Howell, Kelly, Chapman, & Carver, 2010). These
diversion programs divert adolescents from entering the juvenile justice system and offer
alternatives to formal disciplinary action. Teen courts (also called Youth Courts) are a growing type
of diversion program that utilize a therapeutic approach, with over 1,050 teen youth courts currently
operating in the United States. They are designed to promote restorative justice, encouraging the
youth to restore the damages his or her behaviors caused to the community. Teen courts have the
flexibility to incorporate essential life skills that are tailored to adolescents' developmental needs.
These groups' sessions are within one year of time and members have to complete six to eight of the
sessions. These sessions include: the introduction, communication styles, goal setting, career
development, anger management skills, healthy relationships, wellness and termination. Counseling
Group Framework The philosophy of the group counseling approach is to focus on the strengths and
life skills opposed to punitive measures

System Of The Juvenile Justice System
In the system of the Juvenile Justice System ( J.J.S) they spend a lot of money on troubled youth.
The J.J.S should attempt to help these kids but, not spend thousands of dollars a year to help
"rehabilitate" these kids. The kids that come in should not come into be spoon fed with nice things
while in detention. They are not there because they are victims, they are there because they are
victims of their own decisions.
Another thing you should watch for in troubled youth are multiple offenders. They know what they
are doing and they are doing it because they think it is benefiting them. People that repeat the same
crime over and over again don't learn. If a person is raised to believe that what they are doing is fine
then they will

Juvenile Crime And The Juvenile Justice System
Bryn Conley
November 7, 2014
Juvenile Crime and the Juvenile Justice System in North Carolina:
Informative Speech
Specific Purpose Statement
To inform my audience about the seriousness of juvenile crime and the problems that North
Carolina faces when dealing with underage offenders.
Introduction
I. According to the Annual Summary Report done by the North Carolina Department of Justice and
the State Bureau of Investigation, in 2012, approximately 36,000 juveniles were arrested in the state
of North Carolina.
i. Over 11,000 of these arrests were made for index crimes.
1. Over 1/3 of the 11,000 index crime arrests were juveniles under the age of 16. ii. From 2011 to
2012, the murder rate for juveniles rose approximately 20%.
1. The rate for juveniles under the age of 16 in the same year rose nearly 170%.
II. Today I want to talk to you about the seriousness of juvenile crime here in our state and the
difficulties that the justice department faces when handling underage offenders.
III. I am currently enrolled in a Corrections course here at the college and have interviewed
members of the criminal justice system for information.
IV. Throughout my speech, I will talk to you about
a. situations that lead to juvenile arrests,
b. the crimes committed by juveniles,
c. how the justice system reacts to juvenile offenders,
d. and how convicted juveniles handle re–entering the community.
Body
I. Childhood is a very delicate and shapeable period. Minors who are subject to live in poor

The Juvenile Justice System And Juvenile Offenders
There have been many studies conducted that examine ways in which the juvenile justice system
responds to female offenders. Historically juvenile female offenders have been treated under status
offense jurisdiction (Zahn et al., 2010, p. 10). United States Courts would exercise the principle of
"parens patriae" to place the female in detention as a form of punishment for misbehavior (Sherman,
2012, pp. 1589–1590). This principle also remains prevalent as it pertains to how the juvenile justice
system currently responds to juvenile female offenders.
Studies suggest that there is a divide between the government and public response to juvenile
incarceration. Bullis & Yovas (2005) state that support is given to correctional facilities to house
juvenile offenders as a form of punishment (as cited in Shannon, 2013, p. 17). Individuals who
support this perspective are often more likely to support the construction of more prisons and stern
penalties on crime based upon the presumptions that youthful offenders are aware of the
consequences of their actions (Drakeford, 2002 as cited in Shannon, 2013, p. 17). On the other hand,
opponents of this perspective believe that incarceration creates an opportunity to rehabilitate the
offenders (Huffine, 2006 as cited in Shannon, 2013, p. 18). This perspective supports the purpose of
juvenile detention centers as "preparatory in nature – that is, offering services focused on the
development of skills needed to return successfully to mainstream

Juvenile Justice System And Treatment For Juveniles
In the past, children who were apprehended for committing crimes, were tried in the same courts as
adults. Furthermore, when the children were found guilty, they were given the same punishments as
the adults (Austin, Johnson & Gregoriou, 2000). Today, a separate justice system exists for children
who commit crimes. The concept of a distinct justice system and treatment for juveniles has come
under attack in recent years because communities across the nation began to experience dramatically
increased rates of juvenile crime. The increasing incidence and severity of crimes committed by
juveniles led many to question the efficacy of the juvenile court system and to call for a harsher
response to juvenile crime. This has led to more juvenile arrests,

Juvenile And The Juvenile Justice System
The Juvenile Justice System and our Law Enforcement
Blair Klostermann
Upper Iowa University
The juvenile justice system is similar to the criminal justice system. This system is where juveniles
are processed, and may be arrested after referrals for juvenile delinquency. Juvenile justice is very
different in every state and can be very similar as well because every system has limited jurisdiction
and that most focus on the offenders and not their offenses. Therefore, there are 51 juvenile justice
systems in the United States. The United States has the juvenile justice system because children are
very different than adults – in that they can be better receptive for change and also being easier to
rehabilitate. Moreover, the main goal of the juvenile justice system is rehabilitation (Juvenile Law
Center). The juvenile justice system is made up of police, courts, corrections, probation and parole
services, as well as community–based programs to name a few (book). The juvenile justice system is
always changing and developing new ideas. The first example of a change or development can be
the status offense reform. The basis of this are they are trying to keep the non–delinquent kids form
the juvenile justice system. Some examples of status offenses are skipping school, or running away
– offenses that are not illegal for adults. These offenses can lead to possibly detention, which might
do very little to rehabilitate or change the issues that juvenile has. How this can all change is to
bring these troubled kids to community based services to make them learn that it is possible to
change and become a better person. Some other examples of changes or developments in our
juvenile justice system (that I won't go into detail about) are the quality of aftercare and how the
system is trying to reduce racial–ethnic discrepancies and making it fairer for everyone (models for
change). Right now, we are going to focus on the changes and developments made to the juvenile
justice system pertaining to law enforcement. First, I want to list reasons how our police/law
enforcement are involved in our juvenile justice system. Law enforcement play a huge role in the
juvenile justice system because they play the role of

Juvenile Delinquency And The Juvenile Justice System
James Lehman, an author who dedicated his life to troubled juveniles once said, "I believe that the
kids who are labeled "good" are children who know how to solve their problems and manage their
behavior and social life, and the kids who are labeled "bad" are kids who don't know how to solve
those problems." Every day, kids are committing illegal acts of varying severity. Some are involved
in petty robberies, others involved in murders and rape. These juveniles become the responsibility of
the juvenile justice system which is tasked with the duty of properly helping and punishing these
kids. However, this is precisely the issue, do we punish these juvenile offenders? Or do we help
rehabilitate them into law abiding citizens? To answer the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
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With further research available, it is clear that the best way to deal with juvenile delinquents is to
incorporate as much rehabilitation into the sentencing as possible. Although rehabilitation may not
be the best option for every kid, it provides better support and results in more positive outcomes for
juveniles than those in detention facilities. History of the Juvenile Justice System The juvenile
justice system has run on a trial basis since the very start of society. Issues such as how to treat and
punish juveniles have been at the center of the debate. We can find evidence of justice systems from
ancient times. However, a major development for the United States came on July 4, 1776 when the
colonies gained their freedom from Great Britain by signing the Declaration of Independence. On
their own, the colonies began shaping their own society. With no real government, the colonies had
to create new laws to govern their citizens. These once basic laws developed overtime to meet the
needs of their changing nation. Laws became more and more specific, and eventually evolved to
include detailed rules to deal with juveniles. However, "the idea of a separate justice system for
juveniles is just over one

Restorative Justice In Juvenile Justice System
The main aim of this study is to discuss the relevance of restorative justice within the juvenile
justice system. This research primarily focuses on the role of education within the restorable justice
system. The importance of an education system was introduced to enhance knowledge and social
skills to prevent juvenile recidivism. The important aspect of this research will be discussed in terms
of its advantages and disadvantages in retrospect to the attitude of a juvenile delinquent. Having a
comprehensive education system is exemplified by instilling moral values and providing flexible
support system such as counselling to accommodate the psychosocial well–being of an offender.
Proper institution provides knowledge through an efficient standard

Criminal Justice And The Juvenile Justice System
Introduction to Criminal Justice Criminal Justice is such a broad subject and workforce. At this point
in time criminal justice is needed more than ever in America and the world as we know it today. The
criminal justice system has improved more and more throughout history by changing something as
simple as law enforcement officer's purpose and who they are taking orders from. The objective of
this analysis is to break down these three criminal justice subjects: the juvenile justice system,
prison life and the different policing eras. Juveniles has an extensive background of violent crimes
throughout history. Ever since the 1990s crime rates for youth has decreased in some way compared
to the late 18th century and early 19th century. These descending crime rates have driven numerous
of jurisdictions to reconsider how they go about juvenile justices practices, which were so popular
so many years ago. States launched dominant systematic reforms arranged to diminish institutional
incarceration. Punishment for youth by the courts consisted off jails and penitentiaries. From an
historical aspect the idea; of having a different legal structure for youth offenders is rather new. In
the past, children as young as 7 years old who were detained for crimes were incarcerated right
along with adults. In the United States in the earl nineteenth century, the concept of amending
juveniles was fundamental in this country. The first juvenile facility called "The House of Refuge"
in New

Juvenile Justice System And Adult Justice Systems
In this paper, I will be discussing both the juvenile and the adult justice systems. There are several
differences between the two systems, which may surprise you. I will be discussing many aspects
within the justice systems. These include Terminology, Due Process rights, the process of Arrest to
Corrections, Juvenile crime compared to Adult crime, age limits and waivers for the adult system
and the different community correctional options, which are available to the offenders. The two
systems share many of the same terms but not all terms are shared by both systems. In summary, the
juvenile justice system and the adult justice system, vary in many ways and are alike in many ways.
Juvenile Justice and Adult Justice
When it comes to how each state handles the judicial system in their jurisdiction, it varies from state
to state. All states construct their own juvenile judicial system and create their own laws. There are
different beliefs in each state about what will distinguish differences in the juvenile and adult justice
systems. In most jurisdictions, juveniles are considered delinquent and not guilty. ( "State Juvenile
Justice Profiles" )
Arrests:
"In the area of making arrests, law enforcement officers will detain a juvenile in order to provide
protection for them as well as for the community. This is called preventative detention. Not all states
afford juveniles the right to a jury trial. Defendants have the right to apply for bond or bail. All
defendants have a

The Juvenile Justice System And Juveniles
When it comes to discussing the criminal justice system and juveniles, there have been many
landmark cases that have made a significant impact on the juvenile justice system. The cases arise
from dealing with certain aspects that comes from handling juveniles entering the system. Since
juveniles are very different from adults they have to deal with them a certain way and a case by case
basis. The court cases concerning juveniles and the decisions that have come from them is what has
made what the juvenile justice system is today. Juveniles are not treated the same as adults since
juveniles are not ad developed as adults common sense wise. They don't always know what is right
from wrong and sometimes they do not have guidance or good influences around them helping them
in the right direction. In class we have learned that instead of punishing them, the goal of the
juvenile justice system is based on rehabilitation. For instance, juveniles cannot be sentenced to
death if under the age of 18 and also can not be given the sentences of life without parole because
they consider these punishments cruel and unusual for juveniles. If the system is able to rehabilitate
them and give them the tools they need, they have a second chance at changing their lives for the
better and getting away from all of the crimes. They rather try to send them to programs or to
complete community service to better themselves instead of giving them hard time. The court cases
that I will discuss is what

In most cases, I do not believe that the deterrence effect or threat of punishment works in preventing
delinquent behavior. I say most cases because there is "evidence that deterrence measures can work
with novice offenders who commit minor or petty offenses, more experienced and serious
delinquents are harder to discourage" (Siegel Pg.68). The book, explains many different reasons to
why deterrence may not be successful. For example, "the stigma of harsh treatment labels
adolescents and helps lock offenders into a criminal career instead of convincing them to avoid one"
(Siegel Pg. 67). One of the main goals of the juvenile justice system is to reduce the recidivism rate
among offenders and to potentially rehabilitate them as a whole and

Juveniles in the Adult Justice System
Topic: "Juveniles do not belong in the Adult Justice System. Authorities who waive Juveniles into
the Adult Justice System are making a devastating impact on their futures"
Abstract
This paper is about the most controversial subject in the penal system today, i.e. should juveniles be
treated as adults and be tried in the adult justice system and the negative impact on their lives. This
becomes relevant after the judgment in Roper Vs Simmons (1995) which states that there is a doubt
as to when the adolescent becomes an adult. The paper further analyses whether juveniles are
different from adults and the conclusion arrived at is that the adult world is different from the world
of minors and hence there must be total differentiation between the justice systems for juveniles and
adults.
A) Introduction
This paper is an attempt to understand and point out the flaws in the legal system that has of late in
many cases begun to treat juveniles in the same footing as adult offenders. There is a raging
controversy over this move that makes young offenders to be tried and incarcerated just as if the
crime was done by an adult. The arguments over this have been made in the Supreme Court and the
land mark judgement Roper Vs Simmons (1995). However it is submitted that simple observations
of the post procedure effects on young persons have not been verified or recorded properly. If this
system continues, would it not be against the logic of creating the juvenile justice system

Juvenile Justice And The Criminal Justice System
Juveniles have always been a touchy subject in the criminal justice system. Many would argue that
they deserve to be treated and sentenced as adults while others believe that they can be rehabilitated
and changed into fully functioning members of society. Florida has established a Juvenile Detention
Alternatives initiative in order to support the vision that all juvenile justice offenders would have
opportunities put in place to develop them into law–abiding adults. This initiative uses core
strategies and decision–making skills based on data driven policies and practices that will reduce
secure detention placements and promote healthy lifestyles for the youth while also enhancing
public safety. A program established by the Department of Juvenile Justice in Florida hopes to do
just that. Intensive Delinquency Diversion Services, also referred to as the IDDS, is offered to youth
who are first time offenders. This intense community and home–based intervention hopes to deter
offenders from becoming lifelong criminals. This paper will give a brief background the program, a
summary and description of the program, a theory that supports the program, and finally policy
implications of the IDDS program. Background: Florida 's initiative to keep youth offenders out of
the formal criminal justice system has given life to many new programs offered to juveniles. This
alternative initiative was launched in 1992. It hopes to move low risk offenders from detention
centers and juveniles

To better understand the role of education in juvenile detention centers it requires an understanding
of the history of juvenile courts in the United States of America. Unfortunately, before to the
nineteenth century, there was very little effort to differentiate between juveniles and adults who
committed crimes. The whole criminal justice system including the laws, trial procedure and
penalties that applied to children were the same that applied to adults (Houchins, Jolivette,
Wessendorf, McGlynn, Nelson 2005). Furthermore, children were even incarcerated in the same
prisons as adults. Last, juveniles were subject to the death penalty for certain crimes like their adult
counterparts (Houchins, 2005).
During the 1800's, child advocates began ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Subsequently, a lot of litigation has been filed by the U.S. Department of Justice under the Civil
Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act (CRIPA) for failure to ensure or protect the rights of youth
with disabilities under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) or the Americans with
Disabilities Act (ADA) (Leitch, 2013). The litigation supports the contention that few correctional
officers or staff, within juvenile facilities, has had training in disability awareness, recognizing
symptoms of mental illness, nor appropriate responses to crises involving youth with special needs.
Additionally teaching, modeling, and reinforcing expected appropriate behaviors is often not seen
(McCulloch, 2013). Instead, most staff in the juvenile justice system is trained to identify potential
problem situations and will quickly move to control these perceived threats with practices that
include the use of force and seclusion (Nelson,

Essay On Juvenile And Juvenile Justice System
Throughout the 18th century, juveniles and adults were subject to the same criminal justice system.
Children and adolescents were regarded as adults and treated as such in court and correction. In the
19th century, a reform took place which aimed at addressing the issue of juveniles being
incarcerated in adult jails. A new perception of juveniles surfaced. They were no longer regarded as
adults, but instead as persons who have not yet reached adult cognitive and moral development. This
new perception has led reformers to create a new system, one that focuses on child and adolescent
offenders exclusively and that viewed adolescents and children as more open to rehabilitation. The
first juvenile court was established in 1899 in Cook County, Illinois. It shifted the focus away from
punishment and instead aimed at "identifying the underlying causes of the delinquent behavior ...
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7). Until this day, the United States of America maintain a separate juvenile justice system. It is
similar to the criminal justice system in many ways. However, it is also fundamentally different than
the adult system. In the following, I will provide an analysis of the similarities of and differences
between both systems and discuss the principles that build the basis for the different approach which
is used in the juvenile justice system. The juvenile and criminal justice system share common
ground, which can be explained by the fact that the juvenile system grew out of the criminal justice
system at the end of the 19th century. Until this day, both systems hold

he juvenile justice system has to deal with juveniles committing violations against civil and criminal
law in their community. When compare to the adult criminal justice system, they are more harsher to
the offenders than the juvenile justice system. I believe the juvenile justice systems should be more
like the adult criminal justice system to a certain extent. It all depends what kind of crime was
committed and if the juvenile had the intention of committing the crime. Of course if it's not a
serious crime, I think parens patriae could be great for juveniles in need of support. There has been
many philosophical differences about juvenile offending, and the one many people fall on is the
status they are living in. Whether they come from an

There is no such thing as a perfect world. People of all ages are constantly committing crimes
ranging from thefts to heinous murders. An issue that has been up for debate is whether or not the
justice system can try juvenile delinquents in adult courts and sentence them to life without parole.
In most states, there are juvenile justice systems where teens are tried as a juveniles and put in
juvenile facilities. The main purpose of these facilities is to give juveniles the opportunity to
rehabilitate, not to only punish them. The issue is that juveniles are being tried as adults and placed
in adult prisons. Fortunately, the death penalty is not an option for youth offenders, but life sentence
without parole is still generously handed out to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Providing effective rehabilitation programs and the right help could achieve that and more.
Typically, juveniles who commit murder are raised in negative and hurtful atmospheres. The
environments in which they grow up could be unhealthy and unstable. Fourteen year–old Alfonso
Davis grew up in an fatherless environment where his mother was an addict and his grandmother
could hardly take care of the both of them. The lack of parental attention led Davis to commit an
irreversible mistake. "He found family in a gang, and one night, two much older gang members
brought him along on what he believed was going to be a robbery, two men were killed, though
Davis never fired his gun... sentenced to life with the possibility of parole" (NewsOne Staff). The
lack of family attention for Davis led him to believe that a gang could fit that position and fill the
hole in his heart. However, it led him to a life in a cell with no hope in being free again. Since Davis
was sent to prison, he turned his life around without the help of anyone surrounding him. He
received the chance to have an education and now he writes poetry and helps others in prison quit
gangs. Davis is not eligible for parole but after two decades in prison, he is hoping to prove that he
has been rehabilitated and deserves his freedom. Change did not come to Davis; he wanted to
become a better person and changed his life around. Davis found hope behind bars.

Juvenile Justice System Is The Fundamental System
The Juvenile Correction System is the fundamental system used to address and deal with youth who
are caught and convicted of crimes, such as murder, robbery, and aggravated assault. The juvenile
justice system gets involved in delinquent behavior through police, court, and correctional
commitment. Throughout history, many individuals have tried to change the policies and process of
the juvenile correction system. Some agree with the structure of incarceration and the treatment
these teens "deserve" for breaking the law. Others agree on the rehabilitation of the youth back into
society. There are many different perspectives the general public has towards this system. The
juvenile justice system is built with many advantages and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
From there, the law enforcement officer will decide to send the situation further into the justice
system or bypass it into alternative programs. Alternative programs include boot camp, cognitive
behavioral therapy/treatment, substance abuse treatment, home detention, counseling services,
different high schools, and many other various approaches. A juvenile probation officer is contacted
to be assigned to the teen. The teen is defined by the risk assessment which means he or she can be
released to their parents/guardians, can be placed on home detention, or be detained by DJJ,
Department of Juvenile Justice. The juvenile must appear before the judge within 24 hours for
detention review also known as "first appearance". In 1899, Cook County, Illinois established the
first juvenile court in the United States. What 's more, the juvenile is then appointed a lawyer by the
court. The attorney will receive all the facts, information, a list of witnesses, and a list of evidence to
work the case. The juvenile can plea not guilty, guilty, or nolo contendere, this signifies that the
juvenile is not pleading guilty or not guilty. Either way, the case will be tried on the base of the
evidence presented. If the juvenile is found guilty of his or her offense, the court bailiff will
fingerprint them and arrest him or her. The juvenile will then be transported to DJJ or county jail. If
the juvenile is found guilty and only receives probation

Juvenile Justice System In Australia
Australian and international legal systems recognise the differences between juvenile and adult
offenders, and acknowledge the importance of establishing criminal justice systems which are
separate. The United Nations' (1985: 2) Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile
Justice (the "Bejing Rules") "stress the importance of nations establishing a set of laws, rules and
provisions specifically applicable to juvenile offenders and institutions and bodies entrusted with the
functions of the administration of juvenile justice and designed to meet the varying needs of juvenile
offenders, while protecting their basic rights." It is widely recognised that the purpose of the
juvenile justice system is to focus on the rehabilitation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2009, 18% of all offences were committed by juveniles, with most of these offences being for
minor crimes such as graffiti, vandalism, theft, fare evasion, and road traffic offences. (Qld Police
Service, 2009.) Most of these offences were "unplanned and opportunistic, and occurred when the
juvenile was under the influence of alcohol and drug use, and affected by peer pressure." (Cunneen
and White 2007). Research also shows that juveniles are often victims of crime , with young people
aged 15 to 24 years of age being at higher risk of assault than any other age group ( Eikelhor et al,
2009 ), and that this sometimes leads them to offending

Juvenile Justice And The Juvenile Court System
Placing a juvenile in a detention center early in the court process increases the risk that youths will
be found to be delinquent and damage their prospects for future success. A majority of the youths
that are placed in these facilities pose little or no threat to the public and essentially do not need to
be there. This portion of the juvenile court process is detrimental to the future and mental aspects of
a youth's life. We desperately need to change the way that we handle the juvenile court system
because we are only reinforcing the delinquent behavior that these youths have been exposed to. We
need to focus on the rehabilitation and prevention efforts for these youths not the punishment aspect
and until then (insert a better ending). The state juvenile corrections systems in the U.S. detain youth
in several different types of facilities such as, group homes, residential treatment centers, wilderness
programs, boot camps, country–run youth facilities, and some of these are locked or secured through
staff. Richard Mendel stated (2012), "The latest official national count of youth in correctional
custody, conducted in 2010, found that roughly 48,000 U.S. youth were confined in correctional
facilities or other residential programs each night on the order of a juvenile delinquency court (p 1)."
This amount of juveniles in these facilities is roughly the same amount of adolescents that live in
cities like Louisville, Kentucky or Portland Oregon. America relies heavily on

Juvenile Justice Systems And The Adult Justice System
It is common knowledge that the juvenile justice system and the regular adult justice system have
differing regulations. Juveniles have different trial proceedings and rights than adult offenders
because juveniles are minors and are still considered their parent 's or the state's responsibility.
Minors are not seen as able to make important decisions regarding anything, like medical care, so it
is logical that they are treated differently from the adults in the criminal justice system, from arrest
to punishment. Mrs. Ceressa Haney, who is a Senior Probation and Pretrial Officer in Leon County
says that working with juveniles isn't all that different than working with the adults. Looking from
the outside, it seems like being a probation officer would be one of the hardest positions when
dealing with any criminal, from juvenile to adult, because they are likely to give you a difficult time.
In reality, juvenile courts have not always been around. In the past someone as young as eight years
old could be prosecuted as an adult. Though if the person was seven years old or younger they were
"incapable of criminal intent." (Neubauer 445) Eventually at the end of the nineteenth century, the
parens patriae doctrine came about. This doctrine states that if the parents are not succeeding in
raising their children correctly, the state has the capability and right to step in and intercede. A child
constantly breaking laws is definite grounds for the state to step in. This parens patriae

Juvenile And Juvenile Justice System
The juvenile justice system and criminal justice system also known as the adult justice system is two
different systems. The juvenile justice system is children who are under the age of 18 years old.
After the age of 18, it is considered to be an adult it will enter through the adult justice system.
There ate states that allows youth to stay in the juvenile justice system from age 18 until 21. The
main differences between the juvenile justice system and criminal justice system is rehabilitation
and parole. The juvenile justice system main focus is rehabilitation than adult justice system. The
juvenile court judges look for the best option that will protect the community and treatment that
youth needs. The juvenile court hearings are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The parole consist of monitoring the children's behavior and actions he or she does. Another hand,
when a adult is being monitor is to focus on they behavior so it will not lead to re – incarceration.
The main focus for adult criminals is to not re – offend again during the present or future. There is
more chance that adults will re– offend again after they are released from prison. My opinion, adults
who have been charged for sexual harassment are more likely to re – offend because of the desire of
pressure, mental ill, and power. There are differences between the juvenile and adult justice system
that have to do in the criminal justice. One differences is that juveniles are prosecute to delinquent
acts, but it can be tried to the adult system. The second differences is juveniles does not have the
right to a public trial by jury. If juvenile is charged for a crime he or she committed the case involves
a judge hearing evidence and ruling whether is a big issue or small. The third differences is the adult
justice system focus more on punishing and for juvenile justice system is to rehabilitate. the fourth
differences is adults are found guilty of a crime they committed and court try to find the best
punishment, but the court tries to impose a penalty so the individual to re– offend in the future.
Some similarities between the juvenile and adult justice system that has in common between the two
systems. The first

Juveniles Of The Juvenile Justice System
Picture a mother receiving a phone call from the local police station that her ten–year–old son is
being held in a jail cell for stealing school supplies and is facing charges of five years in prison; his
mother weeps as she knows it is her fault for not being able to afford them. This has been an issue in
the juvenile system since the early 1800s. The juvenile justice system has not been strong enough to
find an appropriate sentence for small crimes committed by children who are not living stable lives.
In the 1800s, they believed that the death sentence was one of the only ways to teach people that
crime is not permissible, and even if children committed a very low–level crime, they could be put
to death. Since then, the justice system has gone through phases of accepting the death sentence for
children, to banning the death sentence for children under 18, and then banning the death sentence
and life without parole for children completely. Many of these children have not had a fair chance in
the system and have been punished for crimes that others may have done, so this problem must be
fixed. Although most people would say that juveniles should be punished for their crimes, the
community should be better involved in helping these children to know that these crimes are not
allowed, and if they are committed, the community should be there to help these children learn from
their mistakes. The juvenile justice system was first brought to attention in the early 1800s when

Today 's concept of the juvenile justice system is relatively new due to significant modifications in
policy overtime. The justice system has been trying to figure out effective ways to treat juvenile
criminal offenders successfully for years. The justice system did not always have a special category
for juveniles and their crime. Juveniles was once treated as adults when they committed crimes and
were subjected to harsh punishments. "The juvenile court was the culmination of efforts of the
positivist criminologists and Progressive activists. It was designed to address the individual needs of
delinquent children, provide care and rehabilitation, and ensure that they could go on to live lawful,
productive lives. The Illinois legislature ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Up until the 1960 's the juvenile court system did not have constitutional legal rights. According to
Filler (2006), "In re Gault, the Court held that juveniles prosecuted in juvenile courts were entitled
to many procedural protections previously denied children. This case signaled the end of the
unbridled discretion of juvenile court judges to conduct their hearings and trials in the manner
described by Judge Mack at the beginning of the century." This case made it that all juveniles facing
criminal charges had constitutional rights. In 1974, the U.S. congress passed the "Juvenile Justice
and Delinquency Prevention Act" that protects juveniles in the justice system. Since then, Americans
have adopted the "get tough on crime" legislation in order to strengthen juvenile laws. There are
several critiques of the juvenile justice system. While some feel that the justice system is an
achievement, others believe that the justice system does not implement their original policy and
procedures. Many believe that courts are overwhelmed with cases and overworked volunteers and
cannot successfully treat juvenile offenders.
Juvenile delinquency risk factors
In order to successfully treat juvenile offender we must first understand the different factors that
contributed to their criminal behavior. We know that there is no underlined path to juvenile
offending

Juvenile Vs Juvenile Justice System
The criminal justice system conducts trials, determines guilt, and decides what kind of punishments
to give to adults who have committed some sort of crime. Adults, however, are not the only ones
who commit crimes. Kids under 18 can commit crimes too. In 1899, the juvenile justice system
began to form. People thought that kids should be treated differently after committing crimes. Being
younger, they were believed to be more able to rehabilitate than adults, the criminal justice system
was believed to be too harsh for them, and some believed that juvenile's behavior was based
strongly on their parents and the society they lived in. In a peer reviewed article titled Are we
criminalizing adolescence? there is a statement that in a constitutional sense, youth are different than
adults. In this essay, I will talk about what the juvenile justice system is, what it does, how it is
different than the criminal justice system, and how some people believe it should change. As stated
before, the juvenile justice system began to take form around the 19th century. A simple definition
of the American criminal justice system, provided by Wikipedia, is the "primary system used to
handle youth who are convicted of criminal offenses." The main goal of the American juvenile
justice system is to rehabilitate offenders. They want to intervene early in offender's lives, hoping to
prevent them from being repeat offenders when they become adults. Another peer reviewed article
titled Natural born

Criminals can be all different ages; one particular category of criminals is the juveniles. A juvenile is
someone who is at or below the upper age of the original jurisdiction in their resident state (Juvenile
Justice, 2013). Juveniles due to age are not treated at the same level as adults; due to this we have
Juvenile Justice. Juvenile justice was said to be considered all the way back to the early years from
the English brought over to American culture from England (Juvenile Justice, 2013). Since then in
America we have had 5 major periods in the Juvenile Justice system. The first major period was the
Puritan Period which was observed from 1646–1824. This was started by the English settlers when
they came to the new land. They brought over many of their laws from England (Juvenile Justice,
2013). During this time fathers had all control over families and they had very harsh punishments
for juveniles. The laws were so tough they even had the death penalty for children who disobeyed
their parents (Juvenile Justice, 2013). In 1646 Massachusetts passed the Stubborn Child Law,
creating the first status offense, an act considered only illegal for minors. This law stayed in place
for more then 300 years (Juvenile Justice, 2013). Age has always been a factor in law, even in the
early years. Any child 7 or younger can not be charged with a felony, they are not completely able to
determine right from wrong until over the age of 14 but just can not be charged with a felony

Juvenile Punishment In The Juvenile Justice System
Breaking the cycle of recidivism among chronic and habitual juvenile offenders is one of the major
issues encountering the juvenile justice system. Millions of dollars are distributed each year by state
and county officials for custodial care, treatment, and rehabilitation for juvenile offenders (Albert R.
Roberts & Michael J. Camasso, 1991). Analyses presume that punishment plays a major role in
shaping the behavior of people. This process includes children of all ages, students in a school
setting, employees in the work place, and citizens in the community (Cherrington, 2007).
Punishment has been a part of society for many years and people are divided on the punishment
concept. Child–rearing is viewed by some as a form of punishment and some states just as
California has debated that spanking is illegal (Cherrington, 2007). Spanking being a form of
punishment is viewed also an effective and timely way to alter behavior. Some studies reveal
without punishment homes, schools, and the communities will decay. The big question is if
punishment works and if it does works how can it be proven. Punishment and its effect have been
researched and studied through child rearing, work place management, and in the field of
criminology (Cherrington, 2007). An example of punishment in the work place would be placing an
employee on probation for excessive tardiness, grounding a teenager for not cleaning his or her
room, or sentencing a criminal offender to prison for committing a crime.

Juvenile Justice Systems
Introduction Juvenile crime is a term around the world that is difficult to pinpoint and although there
are several definitions many fail to be concrete. There are many factors that play into sentencing
juveniles or minors upon a crime committed. How old are they? Can they mentally form criminal
intent? Are they old enough to no longer be treated as children? Some people would argue that a
criminal is just that, regardless of age. Research on the other hand shows that juveniles have
underdeveloped brains who at times have difficulty rationalizing decisions and weighing out
consequences. It is important that these issues are addressed because of the implications this has on
not only the juveniles but the community around them. These ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A study showed that the frontal lobe the largest part of the brain that controls the brains most
advanced functions is the last part of the brain to develop. So even though they are perfectly able in
other parts of the brain their lack of a developed frontal lobe can distort a juveniles decisions.
(American Bar Association, 2003) This makes it difficult for juveniles to measure consequences
beyond their actions in the moment. In a film about incarcerated Juveniles 14 year old Colt was
convicted of killing his stepfather. He tells his story and what he was thinking before committing the
act, "I didn't think I would go to prison, I thought the worse they could give me was probation or
boys camp, I didn't realize that after the fact that every decision I make has consequences." (Kent,
2011) Research in adolescent brains has shown us that they use their amygdala to make decisions.
Amygdala is responsible for fear and anxiety making juveniles reliance on it quite dangerous. In
male adolescent in particular we see an increase in testosterone which increases aggression and in
females the increase of hormones causes depression & anxiety causing irrational choices. (American
Bar Association, 2003) Often the underlying issue behind juvenile delinquency is due to factors that
they juvenile cannot control. Growing up in situations where there was substance abuse, being the
victim of physical or sexual assault can trigger

This article discussed diversion programs, which helps adolescents who have been arrested for first–
time misdemeanors. These diversion programs use group counseling as a mandatory component of
sentencing demonstrates initial success in reducing recidivism rates in national outcome studies. The
goal of these diversion programs is to keep adolescents out of the juvenile justice system whenever
possible (Lipsey, Howell, Kelly, Chapman, & Carver, 2010). These diversion programs divert
adolescents from entering the juvenile justice system and offer alternatives to formal disciplinary
action (Chantoe & Manton, 2014).
Teen courts (also called Youth Courts) are a growing type of diversion program that utilize a
therapeutic approach, with over 1,050 teen youth courts currently operating in the United States.
They are designed to promote restorative justice, encouraging the youth to restore the damages his
or her behaviors caused to the community (Chantoe & Manton, 2014). Teen courts have the
flexibility to incorporate essential life skills that are tailored to the adolescents' developmental needs
(Chantoe & Manton, 2014).These group sessions are within one year of time and members have to
complete six to eight of the sessions. These sessions include the introduction session,
communication styles, goal setting, career development, anger management skills, healthy
relationships, wellness, and termination.
Counseling Group Framework
The philosophy of the group counseling approach is

The Juvenile Justice System For Juveniles
Early in U.S. history, children who broke the law were treated the same as adult criminals. If you are
a young person under the age of 18 and you commit a crime, you will have your case heard in the
juvenile justice system. The thing is that, it hasn't always gone that way. The idea of a separate
justice system for juveniles is just over one hundred years old (American Bar). Where did juvenile
justice come from? The law was in the image of the common law of England. William Blackstone,
Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England, first published in the late 1760s, was admired
by the United States founders.
There was an important section in Blackstone's publication. It identified individuals who weren't
capable of committing a crime. Two things needed to happen to hold someone accountable for a
crime. First, the person had the intent to commit a crime. Second, the person had to commit an
unlawful act. If there wasn't enough intent or act, no crime was committed. A main group identified
that couldn't commit a crime were "infants" or children too young to understand their actions. There
had to be a line drawn between infants and adults. Children under seven were seen as infants who
couldn't be guilty of a major crime. Children over 14 could be tried as adults if found guilty of a
crime. The ages of seven and fourteen was a gray area because a child in this age range would be
seen as incapable of committing a crime. If, however, it appeared that the child understood the

Juvenile Delinquency And The Juvenile Justice System
Abstract
This paper explores eleven published articles that report on results from research conducted on the
factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency and the solutions to correct or prevent this
delinquency. In the history of the construction and implementing federal laws, it has been imperative
to take actions and make procedures in response to the increasing number of minors who violate the
laws. The formation of a juvenile justice system that is made up of proper course and development
was created. It is important to point out the reasons why these juveniles do offensive and criminal
acts in order to form systematic and efficient solutions. These factors have been the basis in creating
solutions against juvenile delinquency. The juvenile justice system made certain steps and processes
to respond and take action against juvenile crime. They created facilities where the accused juvenile
can be rehabilitated for a certain time so that he or she will be transformed by the time he or she
leaves the reform center. Families, schools, and communities are encouraged to get involved for the
betterment of the youth. They are suggested to be a strong support to the youngsters and join them
with other activities that promote self–esteem, development, and self–confidence to keep them away
from trouble. It is also recommended that they take note of each of the factors and to make solutions
individually in response to the existing issues.
Critical Analysis of Factors

Questions On Juvenile And Juvenile Justice System
1. I 'd recommend you begin your paper with a paragraph that states both your theory and your
approach. Share that the juvenile justice system should take into account the evidence that a juvenile
's brain––specifically the white matter that controls the brain 's executive functions–– has not
completely formed. You will layout the biological evidence for this and then through the use of a
recent case show the gaps in the current court system as well as make recommendations for how to
address youth in the juvenile system in a more effective manner. 2. Great use of Jacob 's case study.
I 'd state directly that you will explore this topic with a recent case in mind. I wonder if there 's
another source to Jacob 's case...ie Psychology Today or even better a peer reviewed source. But no
worries, if not. Juvenile brain development studies show conclusively that our brains are not fully
developed until we reach the age of 25. Should we or can we take this into account in the juvenile
justice system? Juvenile brain development studies have conclusively shown that our brains are not
fully developed until we reach the age of 25. Research has shown that the white matter in the brain,
which controls insights, judgment, self–awareness and empathy, is one of the last parts to fully
mature. This lack of fully developed executive functions should be taken into account in the juvenile
justice system. Jacob Ind, as any child, deserved the love and protection of his parents.

Juvenile Justice System Essay
1.5 The thought of Juvenile Justice System
The thought of juvenile justice was derived from a belief that the problems of juvenile delinquency
and youth in abnormal situations are not amenable to resolution within the framework of the
traditional processes of criminal law. The Juvenile Justice System therefore is not designed to
respond to the needs of young offenders only. One principle role of the Juvenile Justice System has
been to provide specialized and preventive treatment services for children and young person's as
means of secondary prevention, rehabilitation, and improved socialization . During the Seventh UN
Congress on prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, three approaches to juvenile
justice were identified , namely, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There were two important elements in the development of institutional concern for children: one
was concerned with the physical abuse and other with moral contamination. The concern for the
children had grown during the nineteenth century on account of the recognition of special needs of
children. Such concern was based in part upon humanitarian ideas, but also upon belief that the
problem of juvenile delinquency could be prevented by segregating, educating and correcting
children who showed first signs of

Juveniles And The Juvenile Justice System
Juveniles committing crimes is not a new issued being introduced to society; actually, it has been an
issue for centuries. However, the big question is, should juveniles be tried in adult courts? Before
answering, take into consideration every possible scenario that could have led them to commit the
crime. For instance, were they the leader in the act? Did they participate in the crime? Was the
juvenile even aware of what was taking place? Were they peer pressured? Did they have any other
choice at the time? There are so many other questions we could consider when making a decision
here.
In addition, think about how they will be affected if tried as an adult and convicted. Let us
remember, the United States has the Juvenile Justice System, which is solely for juvenile
delinquents. This is supposed to protect them from receiving longer sentences, and harsh
punishments, which is the opposite of adult courts. Also, the Juvenile Justice System is supposed to
help rehabilitate the juvenile. Luckily, for juveniles, the "court had recognized that even homicide
does not warrant a mandatory life sentence without the possibility of parole if the offender is less
than 18 years old at the time of the crime" (Holt p.1395). However, in "Nevada, Mississippi, and
Utah, lawmakers now leave it up to the juvenile courts to decide whether to transfer a juvenile to
adult court" (Brown p. 21). Unfortunately, juveniles sent to adult prison suffer physically, mentally,
and emotionally. With that

Juvenile Justice System And The Juvenile Court System
The juvenile justice system varies from the adult justice system in many ways. For more than a
century, the states have believed that the juvenile justice system was a means to ensuring public
safety, by establishing and implementing a system that responds to children as they are maturing
into adulthood. Today's youths, however, are increasingly committing more serious crimes that in
turn are raising the public's criticism concerning the modern juvenile justice system. There are those
who are in support of keeping every juvenile I juvenile court system and then there are the others
who argue if juveniles were held to stricter standards they would not become repeat offender in the
system and eventual end up in the adult corrections system. ... Show more content on
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The Department of Justice confirms juveniles are entitled to Fifth Amendment protection under the
Constitution, against self–incrimination in juvenile proceedings. This is despite the nature of the
crime whether it is of criminal or non–criminal nature of those proceedings. (In re Gault, 1967)
Substance, not form, controls in determining the relevance of the Fifth Amendment to proceedings
not labeled criminal. Therefor since a juvenile defendant 's liberty is at stake, the Fifth Amendment
would apply. The next question that then arises is does the juvenile have the mental capacity to
understand their Fifth Amendment rights, that was explained to them when the officer first read
them their Miranda Admonishment. Under California law, prosecutors who allege that a minor
under the age of 14 has committed a criminal act, the courts must establish that the child can
distinguish between right and wrong. The minor must also know what it means to break the law or
commit a crime. (In re Gladys R., 1970)
Juveniles are not necessarily given every right afforded to adult criminal defendants. Let's take a
look at the right to "a trial by jury". Juveniles do not have the right to a jury trial instead a Judge
decides the juvenile cases. (McKeiver v. Pennsylvania, 1971) Taking into account that this is a worst
case scenario, a minor adjudicated in juvenile court can face being sentenced to the

Juvenile Justice System Challenges

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