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1. Important Historical Events of 20th
Century

2. World War I (1914–1918)
 First World War has been known as "The Great War"
by the contemporary people. It begin in the year 1914
and it had ended in the year 1918. It has been started
by Sarajevo Assassination under the empire of
Austro-Hungarian origin for their throne.
Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand along with Gavrilo Princip
in that organization and the liberation movement of
the Bosnian Serbs. They are controlled by the
nationalism of Slavic origin for assisting small state of
Serbia. Russians had come for helping Serbs at the
time of attack. The alliances are interwoven along
with the rising race of the arms. Europeans have been
driven by the old hatred into war. The Triple Entente
is another name of Allies. It includes British Empire,
Russia and France. The Central Powers were
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, Italy, and
afterwards Ottoman Empire.]

3. Communism and Russian
Revolution
 On 1917 Russian Revolution took place and the
regime of Tsarist ended. Imperial Majesty Nicholas II
was brutally executed . The family members created
communist revolutions throughout Europe. We can
understand the world revolution of the socialist in the
future. European revolutions have been defeated. In
1924, Vladimir Lenin had died. Leon Trotsky had
displaced Joseph Stalin in the de facto leader of
Soviet Union. The concept of the revolution
worldwide was not in forefront. Stalin focused on the
socialism in one country. He had began a plan of the
collectivization along with the industrialization. Most
of the socialists along with the communists had turned
out to be disillusioned. They have observed the
autocratic ruling of Stalin. They have noted
assassination and purges of the enemies. There were
famines, which had been imposed on people.

4. Economic depression
Subsequent to the World War I, there was a strong
global economy in 1920s. There was a stimulus
from the war for the economic activities and the
industry. In 1929, we have got signs of warning
forecasting collapse of international economic
system. It has not been understood by political
leadership of that time. The responses of crisis
has been in the worst situation. Many people
observed savings turn out to be worthless. The
concept of fixed job with moderate income started
to dissipate.

5. Rise of The Dictatorship
 In Italy, Fascism began initially with emergence of power in 1922
of Benito Mussolini . There was a support of the ideology by
significant proportion in upper class. There was tough challenge
of the communism.
 As Adolf Hitler had come to the throne in 1933 at Germany, the a
new form of the fascism known as Nazism had controlled
Germany. The experiment of German had ended with their
democracy. At Germany, the Nazi Party has been dedicated for
restoring the prestige and honor of German. German speakers
were unified along with Central Europe annexation and Eastern
Europe annexation in the form of the vassal states. There is
population of Slavic origin for acting in the form of the slave labor
for fulfilling the interests of the economy of Germany. There has
been good appeal of the purity of the mythical race. The
Germans have been regarded as Herrenvolk . It means "master
race“. There has been anti-semitism which is vicious in nature.
It shares the Jewish ideas of subhuman known as Untermensch
in German language. It has been associated with the
extermination.

6. European War
 Subsequent to the events at Czechoslovakia, the
assurances were issued by France and Britain for
protecting Poland. This has been regarded as a
part of the list of Hitler. World War II started on 1st
September , 1939 as Hitler had unleashed the
Blitzkrieg and it is known as the lightning war and
it was fought against Poland. France and Britain
had announced the war with Germany and Hitler
was surprised. They did not deliver any
assistance to Poland. After 16 days, Poland had
been attacked from East through Soviet Union
and there was a secret alliance with the Germany
ruled by the Nazi. After some weeks, Polish

7. Operation Overlord
An assault was started on 6th June in 1944 by Western
Allies at "Fortress Europe“. Stalin had ordered this
attack. The offensive has been given a codename.
The code name is the Operation Overlord. It started in
early hours of the morning on 6th June. D-day had bad
weather. Rommel has been defending France against
attack of Allied. They had the idea that the Allies will
never attack at the time of stormy weather. They were
enjoying holiday at Germany. Other than this,
Germans have been hoping attack. They were waiting
at Calais which is a natural harbor. They were not
waiting at Normandy beaches. They had no idea of
artificial harbours of Allies. Allies had planted false
leads and Calais was given suggestion as being the

8. Beginning of Nuclear Age
 In 1930s, physics inventions had been apparent and it
was possible for developing the nuclear weapons
having a lot of power with the help of the nuclear
reactions. With the outbreak of World War II, the
advisors and scientists of Allies have been afraid that
Nazi Germany have been developing the atomic
weapons. United States along with United Kingdom
had cooperated in the project known as Manhattan
Project. The goal is to defeat them. Los Alamos
Laboratory at New Mexico is a secret area where a
scientist named Robert Oppenheimer had conducted
a team of top scientists in the world for developing
nuclear weapons for the first time. The first weapon
have been tested in Trinity site in 1945 July. There
was surrender from Germany in May 1945. This had
been discovered where a program for atomic bond of
Germany did not become successful.

9. Race in Space
There is tension in the Cold
War and it is quite high.
There was rivalry between
the United States and Soviet
Union in 1957. The Soviet
had launched Sputnik. There
is a "space race" between
two powers. USSR had
reached some vital
milestones like first craft over
Moon named Luna 2. The
first human being was sent
to space and his name is
Yuri Gagarin. U.S. had
moved ahead with programs
like Apollo, Gemini, Mercury.
It started in the astronauts of
Apollo 11. The landing over
moon was made on July 20,
1969.

10. Information and communications
technology
 There has been a creation of
the transistor. It had
revolutionized computer
development. The initial
computers, electro-mechanical
devices were room-sized. They
have been built for breaking the
codes of cryptographical type in
the World War II. They have
become 20 times small with the
help of transistors. The
computers had turned out to be
reprogrammable compared to
the devices for the fixed-
purpose. There has been an
invention of the languages of
programming. It indicated that
the operators of computer could
not focus on the solving of
problem in high-level. They did
not think about instruction at the
individual level for computer.

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