2. Audio-media are materials or sounds
that are transmitted, produced, or
received thru high fidelity waves which
are heard thru certain equipment.
The audio media are inexpensive
materials; easy to use but can present
stimulating verbal messages more
dramatically than the print media. The
materials are light and usually portable
and easily duplicated or replaced.

4. Radio broadcast which can be live or taped
program.
It is an inexpensive means of
reaching a mass audience or a great number of
learners. Usually it is taped to eliminate
problems of scheduling, timing, and accuracy
in the unfolding of activities. It is valued for its
immediacy, realism, and emotional impact. It
provides the listeners an identical listening
experience. One important strength of radio
broadcast, it its attention compelling nature
which facilitates focusing and ultimately
effective learning.

5. Recordings
These may come in the form of ordinary cartridge, open
reel tapes, compact discs (CDs) and the digital video disc (DVD). The
audio tapes are economical and easy to use tapes which can be used
for recording purposes. They can be erased and reused however not
for a long time. The open reel tapes are suited for professional
recordings but they are not so easy to handle and use. It needs
professional skill to be able to use them. The CDs and the DVDs are
more expensive to use. The equipment in producing them and in
playing them is available but they entail a big amount of money.

6. Advantages of Recordings over Radio:
1. It is a two-way communication device. One can play it
back if ideas or information are not clear.
2. It can also eliminate the scheduling problem of radio.
One can be flexible in planning the time of listening
which can be adjusted to the most convenient time and
place.
3. Teachers can pre-hear the material so they can evaluate
its quality, content, and expected impact.
4. In addition to, recording can be done in school while the
radio broadcast must be done in the radio station where
facilities can be available.
5. The recording can be used in the future if properly
stored.

8. The audio media can be used for individualized instruction
where the students can move at their own rates so as to
develop mastery. They can play back the material until they
fully understand and learn the lessons.
The materials can also be used to document speeches for
analysis, to record interviews of resource persons or political
personalities or to report findings of researches and other
documentaries.
In the lower grades, it is effective for story telling especially if
pictures accompany them. It also motivates the pupils to
develop their singing and speaking potentials.

9. The Chalkboard and Other Display Materials

10. The chalkboard is the most versatile medium for
instruction; it is always there and is always available. It is
especially useful in presenting variety of instructional materials
like charts, graphs, pictures. It is also considered as an important
medium for demonstration.

11. Uses of the Chalkboard
To illustrate facts and processes, often with
the help of drawings and
sketches, maps, and others.
To present important facts and principles
such as new
words, terms, rules, definitions, and
classifications.
To provide a good medium for students’
demonstration.
To display a wide variety of materials
ranging from the
motivational, developmental to evaluate
activities.
To enhance maximum pupil participation
To provide for individual differences.

12. Characteristics of a Good Chalkboard
It should be within reach of the pupils. The height for Grades
I-II is 28 inches, for Grades III-IV is 32inches while for Grades
V-VI is 36 inches.
It should be easily erased and cleaned.
It should not be glowing.
It should not be abrasive.

13. Suggestions in Using the Chalkboard
Keep the chalkboard clean. Erase the board after using. When
erasing, start from top to bottom so that the chalk dust are
led to the chalk ledge rather than having them fly to the faces
of the pupils.
Make your letters and drawings large enough to be seen by
everybody.
Avoid hiding the materials on the board by standing hiding
the materials on the board by standing directly in front of it.
Position yourself at the side such that most of the pupil can
see the material.
Always write or prepare your materials ahead of teaching
time. Simply write your board work ahead of time but take
care not to overexpose it so that id does not lost its novelty.
Teachers use curtain to cover their board works.
It Is best to line the black board especially in the elementary
grades so that pupils will learn legibly.
Avoid overcrowding materials to be displayed on the board at
one time unless your purpose requires so.

14. Advantages of the Chalkboard
Mistakes can be erased right way
Teacher’s demonstration can be paced to suit the level of
the pupils.
Maximum pupil participation is ensured as pupils go to
the board.
Can be used for demonstration purposes
Principles of correct spelling and various processes can be
illustrated.
It is always available as it is a permanent classroom
fixture.

16. The Bulletin Board Display
The bulletin board is a medium for
displaying materials which must be
cooperatively planned and put up by the
teacher and her pupils or students. It is one of
the permanent fixtures found in the classroom.

17. It is being put up to satisfy the following purposes:
To approach a unit. The displays are used as a springboard to a
new unit. It is a motivational in nature. It develops in the pupils or
students the curiosity and inquisitiveness. For the higher
levels, this type of display facilitates the statements of problems.
To develop a unit. This type of display provides the pupils or
students some materials for research purposes. In here the
gathering of data base is being facilitated. This is also called the
work type bulletin board display.
To summarize a unit. This type of display showcases the projects
or requirements of the whole class. It is being put up as a
culminating activity not only to gauge the cognitive and
psychomotor skills gained by the pupils but also the affective skills.
Therefore, the bulletin board display can also be an evaluative
tool.

18. This type of bulletin board serves
many purposes: like to announce important
events or occasions; to inform the public about
programs and offerings; to congratulate
winners or high performers and the like.
The Multi-Purpose Board

19. For whatever purpose/s the bulletin board
serves, it should meet the following characteristics:
It should be with finished edge.
It must be fixed on the wall to prevent
accidents
It must be colorful and attractive. Border
designs and mounted pictures can promote this.
Have at least unified theme for clarity.
Avoid overcrowded display.
In putting it up, be guided by the principles of
balance, unity, harmony, proportion, and
contrast.