Teaching technology

2. RECENT TEACHING TECHNOLOGY
PREPARED BY
MR.MIGRON RUBIN
PRAGYAN COLLEGE OF NURSING, BHOPAL

4. We need technology in every classroom
and in every student and teacher’s hand,
because it is the pen and paper of our
time, and it is the lens through which
we experience much of our world.
- David
Warlick

5. Introduction
Advances in technology have had a profound effect on
the way we learn & the way we teach.

6. Many adult learners can remember a time when
finding information required travelling to the library
to search a card catalog & spending countless hours
looking through paper based books & journals.

7. KEY WORDS
• Recent – Happening or beginning not long ago.
• Teaching – Something that is taught: the values,
ideas and beliefs that are taught by a person.
• Pedagogy- It is the method and practice of
teaching, especially as an academic subject or
theoretical concept.

8. • Technology – It is the branch of knowledge that
deals with the creation and use of technical means
and their interrelation with life, society, and the
environment, drawing upon such subject as
industrial arts, engineering, applied science, and
pure science.

9. Recent teaching technology
Education technology is the effective use of technology tools in learning
as a concept it concerns an array of tools such as media, machines and
networking hardware as well as considering underlying theoretical
perspective for their effective application.

11. Teaching technology – It is defined as the study &
ethical practice of facilitating learning & improving
performances by creating, using & managing
appropriate technological processes & resources.
-Richey
or
“Educational technology is the systematic application
of scientific knowledge about teaching learning and
conditions of learning to improve the efficiency of
teaching and learning”.
-G.O.H. LEITH

12. OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING TECHNOLOGY
• To determine the goals and formulate the objectives in behavioral
terms.
• To analyze the characteristic of the learner.
• To organize the content in logical or psychological sequences.
• To evaluate the learners performances in terms of achieving
educational objectives.
• To provide the feedback among other components for the
modification of learners.

13. CHARACTERISTICS OF TEACHING
TECHNOLOGY
• Input, process & output are involved.
• Pupil-teacher & In-service teachers can have its
advantage.
• Cognitive, affective & psychomotor domains can be
achieved by using it.

14. FUNCTIONS

15. ADVANTAGES
• Easy to assess information.
• Greater interest in learning.
• Increased retention of information.
• Robust information storage.
• Better presentation of information.
• Teaching is made more interactive.
• Knowledge sharing made easy.
• It can make teaching more effective.
• Organization of matter can be easily done.

16. TECHNOLOGY AFFECTING COGNITIVE,
AFFECTIVE & PSYCHOMOTOR SKILLS
Cognitive
• Technology facilitates learning.
• It helps in analyzing.
• Technology also cooperate learning by new ideas.
Affective
• Students develop interest in learning.
• Students can’t express their feeling to technology.
For example if student has not understood the
topic, he can’t tell technological aid to ease
learning.

17. • Psychomotor skill
• Less motor skills are developed.
• More psychological skills are developed. Provides a
real environment with help of multimedia, video
etc.
• Reduces physical effort. For example- carrying
books.

18. TRADITIONAL
TEACHING
TECHNOLOGY

19. • Traditional teaching technology includes both projected
& non projected AV aids.
• Non-projected visual aids:
• Chalk Board
• Flannel
• Flash cards
• Posters
• Charts
• Models
• Projected Visual Aids:
• Overhead projector
• Slide projector
• Television

20. Chalk board

21. A chalkboard is a reusable writing surface on which
text or drawings are made with chalk. Chalkboards
were originally made of smooth, thin sheets of
black or dark grey slate stone.

22. Importance of the blackboard
.
• Control
pace of
learning
• Flexibility
• Classroom
management
• Effective
Teaching
It is a
natural
slide
Cope with
student of
different
learning
abilities
Multipurpose
teaching aid
Enhances
Student
Comprehension
Skills

23. White boards
.

24. • It is also known as marker board or dry-erase board.
• It is glossy, usually white surface for nonpermanent
markings.
• Whiteboards have smoother surface allowing rapid
marking and erasing of markings on their surface.
• The popularity of whiteboards increased rapidly in
the mid-1990s.

25. FLASH CARDS
Flash cards are small cards of generally 25 x 30 cm size which are shown
for few moments before the class to send across the message or
impart an idea.
Advantages
• Used to introduce & present topics.
• Used to apply information already
gained by students to new situation.
• Can be used to review a topic.

26. CHARTS
• Charts are graphic teaching aids depicting information in form of diagrams,
posters, pictures , maps & graphs.
Purpose
• It is used for showing relationships by means of facts & figures.
• It is for representing material symbolically.
• It is meant to show continuity in process.
• It is meant to present abstract ideas in visual form
Types of charts
• Tree charts
• Stream charts
• Table charts
• Flow charts
• Tabulation charts

27. TAPE RECORDERS
• Tape recorder is a portable electronic gadget to record, reproduce,
erase & re-record sound on a magnetic tape.
• Tape is one modern teaching aid which has come into much more
general use over the past few years.

28. ADVANTAGES
• Recording can be erased and tape can be reused.
• Easy to operate
• For teaching music, phonics, oral reading, poetry etc.
DISADVANTAGES
• No personal contact with speaker.
• Listening for a long time
distract the learner.
• Encourages passive learning.

29. Flannels
The flannel-board is covered with flannel or khadi
cloth. The picture or materials with same material
are used to stick. It helps to build presentation in a
sequence, piece by piece.

30. Flip Chart
These are large chart with a pad of paper on a stand. The notes,
diagrams and flow charts can be prepared well in advance .
Advantages-
• Reveals at the appropriate point of presentation.
• Pages can be preserved for display after class and future
references
Disadvantages:
• It is not effective for large audience
• Cannot hold large amount of data
• Writing may consume time.

31. MODELS
It is three dimensional concept of reality. Types- working & non
working.

32. PROJECTED
AV AIDS

33. SLIDE PROJECTOR
• A slide projector is an opto-mechanical device for showing
photographic slides.
• Slide projectors were also widely used in educational and other
institutional settings.
• Slides were projected with the help of projector in a closed dark
room on a screen.

34. Overhead Projector

35. TELEVISION (T.V.)
• T.V. is well suited for educational purposes & has become a popular
teaching-learning tools in homes, schools, business & Health care
settings.
• It influences cognitive, affective & psychomotor behavior.
• T.V. allows education programs to be sent to patient rooms. In health
care settings it is also used to educate patient regarding health
related topics
• Television also helps in children’s intellectual development.

36. RECENT
TEACHING
TECHNOLOGIES

37. VIDEOCONFERENCING
Videoconferencing or video teleconferencing is the synchronous two way
connection of two or more location through audio & video equipments.

38. • Videoconferencing uses audio and video
telecommunications.
• A rural medical center in Ohio, United States, used
videoconferencing to successfully cut the number of
transfers of sick infants to a hospital 110 km away.

39. Advantages
• Patients may contact health care personnel in emergency or routine situations.
• All health care professionals can discuss cases across large distances.
• Rural areas can use this technology for seeking health information, thus
saving lives and making more efficient use of health care money.

40. • Remote community, long-term care facility, or from a patient's home any
person can communicate with the health professional.
• Enhance curriculum with virtual field trips.
• Bring experts to the classroom—virtually
• Connect classrooms in different countries and expand students’ worldview
• Record and archive sessions for future playback

41. COMPUTERS/LAPTOPS/MACBOOK
.

42. Computers/laptops/macbooks that we use to view, store, send, and receive
information, not only help with presenting lessons but also with
management and organization. computer will be used for preparing lesson
plans, completing grade book, checking email, preparing letters etc. The
computer also serves as the main connector to all of your other technology.

43. Use of Computers in Nursing Education
• Many online books are available through which we can update
knowledge.
• Educational CD can be played in computer to show students
• Helps in Computer aided instruction.
• Computers in nursing research help with aid of educational tools such as
SPSS-Statistical package of social sciences.
• PPT can be made for teaching.
• Helps in CAL.
• Distance Learning is
Possible through PC.

44. • Distance education is defined as planned learning that occurs in different
place from teaching, requiring real time(synchronous) or delayed
(asynchronous) interactive technology and a needing a course design
supportive of students — (Escoflery,Miner & Alperin 2003.)
MERITS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
• Providing efficient training for target groups.
• Expanding the capacity for education in new subject and areas.
• Developing multiple competencies through recurrent and continuing
education.
• Improving the quality of existing educational services,
DEMERITS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
• The learner is usually isolated from the tutor and other students.
• The distance learner has difficulties having access to learning resources.

45. Approaches of Distance Education :-
• Synchronous Approach: Live lectures are delivered with help of
technologies.
• E.g. IGNOU lecturers are delivered through TV channels like Gyan
Dharshan and INC is Conducting contact classes for PhD nursing via
videoconferencing at six centers in India
• Asynchronous Approach- Recorded videos, Print materials etc. are
used.
• E.g. Most of the universities follow this system by sending text
materials, recorded multimedia materials to distant learner by post
or email.

46. Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI)
CAI refers to the use of the computer as a tool to
facilitate and improve instruction.
Computer assisted learning
• According to Leib 1982 CAL “Includes all
applications of the computer aid to the instructor in
instructional management without actually doing
the teaching.

47. INTERNET

48. • The internet in simple terms is a network of the interlinked computer
networking worldwide, which is accessible to the general public.
• The Internet is recognized as an important tool in education.
• It is widely used to facilitate studying and help communication between
teachers and students.
• It is also increasingly becoming the basis of education in forms such as
distance learning.

49. EMAIL
Teachers and students worldwide are beginning to use this ability to talk
to each other. E-mailing back and forth with another classroom also
provides excellent opportunities for students to practice writing skills
for a real-life purpose.

50. Advantages
• Easy to send information in long distances.
• Health education can be given post discharge.
• It is asynchronous.
Disadvantages
• Requires good internet connection.
• Electronic mail lacks contexts. It is without cues like facial expressions, voice
tone etc.
• Email messages can create violation of privacy for both nurse & clients.

51. WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
• It is an open source information space where documents & other web
resources are identified by URLs, interlinked by hypertext links & can be
assisted via internet.
• The use of World Wide Web as an instructional tool is gaining momentum.

52. E-LEARNING (ELECTRONIC LEARNING)
• E-learning is use of technology based tools & processes to provide for
customized learning anytime or anywhere.
• Electronic learning is a type of education where the medium of instruction
is computer technology.

53. Advantages
• Less cost
• Fast speed
• Makes class interesting.
• Easy to search topics.
Disadvantages
• Learning online is a solo act .Learner feel alone.
• Eyestrain, bad posture and other
physical problems may affect learner.

54. SMART CLASS

55. • Smart class is defined as a class in which various technologies are used to
enhance students learning.
• In a smart class there will be computers, projectors, internet connectivity
and other multimedia devices such as home theater etc.
• Students can use internet.

56. Smart boards or interactive white boards
An interactive whiteboard is a large display that connects to a computer and a
projector. The projector projects the computer's desktop onto the board's
surface.

57. • Interactive white boards have various facilities to
draw, show video ,images, illustrations, maps,
graphs, games manipulate in own way.

58. Advantages of smart boards
• Provides Flexibility: Interactive whiteboards allow photos,
illustrations, maps, graphs, games, and video to be displayed.
• Enhanced teaching/learning experience
• Interact and share
• Low-Maintenance: SMART Boards are neat and easy to use
• Access to online information & tools
• Going Green: Eco friendly
• Technology Integration
• Communication: Interactive whiteboards allow for connectivity in
different locations.

59. PowerPoint – Power point which is commonly used now for educational
presentation has a selection of transitions as a feature all of which are
borrowed from film and television editing techniques, character animation
within the frame, and overall dramatic structure are things that are taken
from film and television in particular for use in educational computers
application.

60. LCD Projectors
• LCD projector is a type of video projector for displaying video images or
computer data on a screen or other flat surface. LCD means “liquid crystal
display.
• Multimedia projectors, which are the compact devices that project images
in high resolution, are commonplace in many of today's classrooms.

61. EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED FOR SMART CLASS
.Solid Built house
• Sliding Door with Wooden material to protect Tablet Monitor and as Laptop Stand.
• Equipped with LCD Tablet Monitor with 19 inches or wider tablet monitor with
• 1920X1080 resolution or more
• Standard Electronic Pen for writing on Tablet Monitor.
• Trainer Laptop and slots to use a laptop.
• Mic
• Standard mouse
• Drawer for keeping material required for trainer.
• 6” or Higher LCD Control Panel for Multi controller, interactive whiteboard, TV,
DVD, air
• Air conditioner, PC, projector, large-sized screen etc.
• Podium must be equipped with automatic mixer, Power Amplifier etc. which can
• support up to 6 column line array speaker, 4 wireless Microphone and 2 lapel
• Microphone.
• 6 Speakers
• Equipped with PC of internationally known brand like HP, IBM, Dell etc
• Average size classroom should be there.
• Proper ventilation & lighting facilities.

62. MOBILES, TABLETS & IPADS
• It is almost impossible to imagine being without a cell phone or using ipad
as a digital tool.
• Many healthcare associations have begun to provide telephone services
with messages about disease treatment & prevention.
• For example- The American Cancer Society has established a toll free
number for public to obtain short taped messages about various types of
cancer.

63. • Various businessmen in developed countries who have a stressful life &
can’t have time to meet counselors get counseling therapy classes on
mobile phones during their busy schedules instead of missing counseling
therapy classes.
• Many hospitals & healthcare agencies have established hotline consumer
information centers manned by knowledgeable healthcare personnel so
that information can be personalized & appropriate information can be
given at the spot. Example- The Poison Control Hotline

64. • Advantages
• It is relatively inexpensive.
• It can be operated by someone with minimal medical knowledge because
taped messages contain substance of content.
• Video calls can be made to educate or transfer message.

65. SATELLITE
• EDUSAT (first satellite in India for educational purpose) was created
primarily for the purpose of providing connectivity to school, college and
higher level of education. For e.g. the tribal area of Madhya Pradesh has
been covered in the Indira Gandhi National Open University national beam.
ADVANTAGES:-
• Real time video.
• Require minimal technical assistance.
DISADVANTAGES:-
• One way instruction.
• Higher cost.

66. • Educational tools/ Teaching Tools
• Educational tools include various social networking sites & apps which can
increase & upgrade our knowledge. These includes
• Facebook provides health related tips such as CIMS Cancer Page,
Health.com, everyday health etc.
• YouTube provides educational videos.

67. • LinkedIn & Slide share provides ppt regarding
educational topics.
• EBooks provides various healths & other education
related matter.
• Others include dictionaries, Wikipedia, careplans,
shealth, pdf etc.

68. ROLE OF NURSE IN TEACHING
TECHNOLOGY
• Nursing educator can provide online classes in long
distance.
• Nursing teachers can educate their student
documentation of records in computers.
• Nursing educators can encourage shy students to adopt
use of technology in learning.
• Nursing teachers can teach student effectively by
making use of technology to enhance their learning.
• Clinical Nurse can make use of technology & learn
various health related topics via internet & implement
those on patients.

69. THEORY APPLICATION
• The TPACK framework is effective technology
integration for teaching specific content or subject
matter requires understanding and negotiating the
relationships between these three components:
Technology, Pedagogy, and Content.
• It highlights complex relationships that exist
between content, pedagogy and technology
knowledge areas and may be a useful organizational
structure for defining what it is that teachers need
to know to integrate technology effectively.

70. .

71. • Technology Knowledge (TK)
Technology knowledge refers to an understanding of the way that technologies
are used in a specific content domain.
• Content Knowledge (CK)
Content knowledge may be defined as “a thorough grounding in college-level
subject matter” or “command of the subject” (American Council on
Education, 1999).
• Pedagogical Knowledge (PK)
Pedagogical knowledge includes generic knowledge about how students
learn, teaching approaches, methods of assessment and knowledge
of different theories about learning.

72. • Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK)
Pedagogical content knowledge is knowledge about how to combine pedagogy
and content effectively.
• Technological Content Knowledge (TCK)
Technological content knowledge refers to knowledge about how
technology may be used to provide new ways of teaching.
• Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK)
Technological pedagogical knowledge refers to the affordances and
constraints of technology as an enabler of different teaching
approaches
• Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge
(TPACK)
Technological pedagogical content knowledge refers to the knowledge
and understanding of the interplay between CK, PK and TK when
using technology for teaching and learning

73. TPACK MODEL
Technological Knowledge
Laptops, PC, Macbook
Ipads
Mobiles
Google
Social Networks
Internet
Tools like ppt, pdf
E book apps
Content Knowledge
Content related to topic. For
example HIV/AIDS.
Researches related to HIV/AIDS
Pedagogical Knowledge
Instruct classes how to use
laptops, PC, Ipads, internet for
teaching or learning.
Instruct teachers regarding use of
recent technologies.
Technological content
knowledge
•Use of video conferencing
•E- learning
•M-Learning
•Smart Classes
Technological Pedagogical
Knowledge
•Use of Websites
•Use of technology tools
•Use of Teleconferencing
Pedagogical
Content
Knowledge
•Instruction on
avoiding
plagirism for
student.
•Instruction for
identifying
plagirism for
teachers.
Technological
Pedagogical
Content
Knowledge
•Effective
teaching &
learning.
•Use variety of
media to
enhance teaching
& learning.

74. RELATED RESEARCH
• STATEMENT – quantitative synthesis of recent
research on the effects of teaching and learning
with technology on student outcomes.
• ABSTRACT–the effects of teaching and learning
with technology on students, cognitive, affective,
and behavioral outcomes of learning, 138 effect
sizes were calculated using statistical data from 20
students.
• Sample size- A combined sample of appropriately
4,400 students was involved.

75. • Result- The mean of the study-weighted effect sizes averaging across
all outcomes was 30 with 95% confidence interval. This result
indicates that teaching and learning has a small, positive, significant
effect on student outcomes that teaching compared to traditional
instruction. The overall study weighted effects were constant across
the categories of study characteristics, quantity of study indicators,
technology characteristics, and instructional/teaching characteristics.
[H.WAXMAN]

76. PRESENTER VIEW

77. CONCLUSION
Teaching is an essential part of educational special
function is impart knowledge, develop
understanding and skills.
In today's world, technology is a major part of our
lives. While the generation of our grandparents had
to learn to use computers, notebooks, iPads, and
iPods as adults, students now entering schools are
already familiar with these technologies.

78. POINTS TO BE DISCUSSED
• Whether technology in education will replace
teachers?
• As a student learner, how far technology has its
impact on education?