1. What is the basic question Charles Darwin was trying to answe

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1. What is the basic question Charles Darwin was trying to answer? 2. What did Darwin discover while studying developing embryos (snakes, whales, human)? 3. What helped Darwin come up with the idea for natural selection? 4. How did Darwin explain how one species of finch had turned into many? 5. What lead to the different shaped beaks? 6. What is the name of Darwin's book? __________________________________________ 7. Describe the two kinds of mice in the desert. 8. What did the researchers find that explained the different color mice fur? 9. What can we study today that Darwin couldn't? 10. What is the genetic prerequisite for natural selection? How does it come about? 11. What is a gene? What do genes turn into? 12. Name one way that DNA can change. 13. Are mutations necessarily good or bad? Explain. 14. What did scientists think would be revealed by the number of genes in the human and other animal genomes? 15. How many genes did scientists guess there would be in the human genome before the genome was sequenced? 16. How many are there? Why did this number not answer the basic question being asked by the film? 17. Where did scientists go next for answers? 18. What is coding and non-coding DNA? 19. What is meant by gene switches? 20. What does a gene switch determine? How does that contribute to diversity of species? ...

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13. Are mutations necessarily good or bad? Explain.
14. What did scientists think would be revealed by the number
of genes in the human and other animal genomes?
15. How many genes did scientists guess there would be in the
human genome before the genome was sequenced?
16. How many are there?
Why did this number not answer the basic question being asked
by the film?
17. Where did scientists go next for answers?
18. What is coding and non-coding DNA?
19. What is meant by gene switches?
20. What does a gene switch determine? How does that
contribute to diversity of species?

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Online-1 Online Chapter: Nanda/Warms, Cultural Anthropology 11e Human Evolution Learning Objectives After you have read this chapter, you will be able to: • Describe the relationship between culture and evolution for human beings. • Explain the basic principles of Darwin’s theory of natural selection. • List some traits that humans have in common with our closest animal relations. • Describe social relations among nonhuman primate species. Online-2 • Describe australopithecines, and tell when and where they lived and what their social lives might have been like. • Describe Homo habilis, and tell when and where they lived and what their social lives might have been like. • Describe Homo erectus, and tell when and where they lived and what their social lives might have been like. • Tell where and when Homo sapiens evolved, and describe their early material culture. • Compare variation among humans to that found among other species. • Explain some of the sources of human variation, particularly variation in skin color. In its broadest sense, evolution refers to directional change. Biological evolution, however, is something more specific. For biologists, evolution is descent with modification from a single common ancestor or ancestral population. Evolution is a characteristic of populations, not individual organisms. As individuals, we may grow and learn. We may create inventions or alter our lifestyles. But, for a change to be evolutionary in a biological sense, it must affect the genes we pass along to the next generation. Evolution is the primary way we understand the biological history of humanity and, indeed, of all life. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of human evolution. We start with a discussion of Darwin and the theory of natural selection, move on to talk about primates, their social lives, and tool usage, before turning to a summary of what we know about human evolution. We talk about the ways that remains are found, and then survey the major fossil finds, including the australopithecines, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens. We end with a discussion of human variation. Along the way, we describe some of the experiences of fossil hunters Raymond Dart and Mary Leakey, discuss forensic anthropology, and consider the fate of primates in the world today. Speculation about human history and the natural world plays an important role in most societies. For example, the notion that human beings came from earlier life forms was well developed among ancient European philosophers. In the 6th century BCE, the Greek thinker Anaximander of Miletus speculated that humans arose from fish. A century later, his disciple, Xenophanes of Colophon, used evidence of fossil fish from numerous places around the Mediterranean to support Anaximander’s theory. We are often asked why, in a text on cultural anthropology, there should be an extensive chapter on human evolution.

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What is biology? Why is biology considered a science? What is science? What makes a claim scientific? What are a couple of examples of falsifiable claims? What are a couple of examples of non-falsifiable claims? What is the difference between falsifiable, falsified, and unfalsifiable? How does science progress by trying to prove claims are wrong? How does the repetition included in the process of science result in it being a selfcorrecting process? How do scientists use the word theory differently than we do in everyday language? What are a couple of examples of scientific theories? What are the generally agreed upon characteristics of life? Why is life tricky to define? What is an example of something that some biologists would consider living and some would not? What were Darwins interests growing up? What was Charles Darwins original plan for a profession? After it became clear that the first profession wasnt going to succeed, what did Charles Darwins father want Charles to do for a profession? What was Darwins experience like at sea? What were some of the major events/observations that led Darwin to his theory of evolution by natural selection? Why did Darwin wait so long to publish his theory?.

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Thapa 6 Charles Darwin gave a theory on how life began and developed over time by publishing a book On the Origin of Species. This book mainly deals with the evolution by natural selection. Because of intelligent speculation and a powerful thesis supported by carefully analyzed evidences, it became the bible of evolution. Although scientists continue to view natural selection as the primary mechanism of evolution, the latest advanced discoveries and religious belief makes me skeptical. So, in this paper I will analyze Darwinian evolution, and its relationship to the origin of species. The Bible tells us that life was created on the fourth, fifth and sixth day by god more than 10,000 years ago and main feature of the earth were produced by Noah’s flood. Moreover, there has been no remarkable changes in life since then. Animals of different kind were created which acknowledges us that evolution was merely the process by which God created life. But, according to Darwin, evolution is natural process and believed that cosmos is closed system of material which can never be influenced by anything outside of material nature. Large explosion of matter created cosmos, and everything produced naturally. The very first organism was created by chance without any purpose. Others were evolved through natural process such that all the plants and animals that have ever existed on the earth have been evolved from the same organism, which means we all have same ancestor[footnoteRef:1]. In a specific population, characters which favor the animal to survive remains with them and to cope with new environment new characters are developed during the course of time. Such characters get transferred to next generations and become more frequent in later generations. Thus, there appear to be clash between science and religion. Religion relies on faith and belief as well as it helps people to make meaning out of their lives, where as there is no faith in science because it involves only observation leading to common sense decision. Moreover, religion gives the feeling that world is decent. On the contrary the struggle for existence gives the sense of death, waste, and selfish concerns over our own genes. Also, it is difficult to overcome the existing belief that humans evolve from the lower animals. Furthermore, living organism are enormously complex and such complex organism created by chance seems clearly less credible.[footnoteRef:2] Thus, Darwin lacks strong evidence and witness to integrate religious and scientific thinking which keeps me in dilemma over issue of the evolution of species. [1: Darwin, Charles. The Origin of Species. The Harvard Classics; v. 11. New York: P.F. Collier & Son, 1909. ] [2: Johnson, Phillip E. Darwin on Trial. Washington, D.C. : Lanham, MD: Regnery Gateway; Distributed to the Trade by National Book Network, 1991. ] Darwin’s grand idea of natural selection is the basic mechanism of evolution. Natural selection works by.

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