Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Group

Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Group
2.2 The Group
The success of an organisation is dependent on its teams' spirit, how well the teams are grouped, and
therefore ho efficient they are. It is therefore important to know the individuals' strengths and
weaknesses. The importance of knowing the strengths and weaknesses is so that the teams/groups
can be structured in such a way that these traits blend together. Here is an example: a team has
individuals who are outspoken and not so strong with planning, and others who have great planning
skills but are shy. It will be difficult to notice that there are those who just have poor planning skills
because there strong planners will cover for the weaknesses in the group. When it is time to give a
verbal presentation, the outspoken will deliver the speech; therefore balancing out the group's
disadvantages. Moerdyk (2015) refers to this as team composition.
There are various ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These are the rules set out in Form 94 of the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA).
In as much as assessments are a form of discrimination between people, they still need to
discriminate fairly, Moerdyk (2015). What is meant by that is that, for example, when two
candidates are applying for the same position and there is only one vacancy, the one who will be
appointed should be placed because of the skills and attributes he/she possess and not because
demographic and ethnic predispositions. Then what about affirmative action, described as "the
process of taking positive steps to undo the harmful effects of previous disadvantage and
discrimination", Moerdyk (2015)? Theron (2007) says that it is not unfair discrimination because it
is consistent with the Employment Equity Act (Republic of South Africa,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Unit8Assignment Essay
Unit 8 Assignment Ruth Name Kaplan University Testing, Measurement, and Assessment PS505–01
Professor Name October 13, 2013 Abstract In this paper, the historical facts are given, as described
by both of the authors Meyer and Kurtz. To illustrate, the results are revealed, as the search for a
better distinction of the historical use, and descriptive terminology of the words, "objective" and
"projective" begins to take form. First, the journey begins with the two authors, Meyer and Kurtz,
since then many other psychologists and psychiatrists have joined in on their own behalf. Then, the
paper will go into further detail about problems and, dilemmas, that accompanied the old traditional
classification. As a consequence of this state ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Tests that are not so categorized will tend to be viewed less positively, regardless of psychometric
data, because they are, after all, not objective" (Meyer & Kurtz, 2006, p. 223). Because of the past,
there is too much negativity surrounding the term, projective. The terminology both, "objective" and
"projective" are not necessarily what they seem. "The term "objective" is a smokescreen for
measures that can be just as subjective as anything else and the term "projective" is derived from
untenable theoretical concepts that have continued to create confusion in the field for a long time"
(Schultheiss, 2007, p. 197). Some other substantial problem is when the effects of a test cannot be
duplicated by the same test more than one time. "If assessment psychologists did not derive
overarching frameworks and terminologies for classifying psychological tests, those who use, study,
or critique these tests would do it anyway. In this respect, it is better that an organizing framework
be made explicit (and the logic underlying the framework spelled out in detail) than that multiple
contrasting framework and labels emerge in isolation among different segments of the psychological
community" (Bornstein, 2007, p. 205). The volume of the dilemmas above have all been a
culmination of psychologists and psychiatrists in this community and

The Use of Psychological and Personality Testing
The use of psychological and personality testing has enjoyed increased popularity among human
resource professionals in the past several decades. Due to rapid improvements in the reliability and
ease of administering such tests, companies and human resource professionals have felt more
comfortable in relying upon them and abandoning the ineffective and haphazard methods used for
many decades. Historically, many companies relied extensively upon the standard interviewing
process for selecting their personnel. Such method proved to be no more reliable than a typical coin
toss and companies have been pursuing new hiring methods for some time. Today, even though the
interview remains a significant step in the hiring process, most companies have begun to incorporate
some form of testing as part of the hiring procedure. The incorporation of testing brings objectivity
into the system that was previously missing and minimizes, to some degree, the subjective nature of
the interview procedure. The interview process, whether of a structured or unstructured variety,
lacked preparation, direction and consistency. In most cases, the interview would begin with some
broad spectrum question and would progress from that point to be either successful or unsuccessful
but rarely did it provide any in–depth understanding of the applicant. There was no consistency from
applicant to applicant and the questions that were asked of the applicants had little or anything to do
with the actual job.

Disadvantages Of Cognitive Assessment
1. I A cognitive assessment involves a series of tests and puzzles which look at different thinking
abilities. The tests are standardised. This means we can compare how we would expect someone of
a certain age and educational experience to do on the tests with how that someone actually do. The
tests informs whether there have been any changes a person's thinking skills. The assessment can
assist in identifying the cause of a person's difficulties. Understanding the cause will assist the
employer to work together with that particular individual to manage the problems they are
experiencing. The two primary measures used to test a person's intellectual functions are intelligence
tests and neuropsychological assessment. Intelligence tests are ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In South Africa, there is an increase in pressure for test developers and administrators to ensure fair
practices. Fairness refers to equitable treatment of all people, equitable treatment in terms of testing
conditions, access to practice material, performance feedback, retest opportunities, including
reasonable accommodation for people with disabilities. Assessments are considered biased if the test
is designed or the way results are interpreted and used systematically disadvantage certain groups of
people over others such as people of colour, people from lower income backgrounds or people who
are not fluent in certain cultural customs and

The Role Of Psychological Assessment On Counseling And...
QUESTION NUMBER TWO
Area of knowledge: Health Psychology
QUESTION NUMBER TWO
Assessment
Discuss the role of psychological assessment in counseling or clinical practice. What are the
strengths and weaknesses inherent in formal psychological testing? Why might you choose formal
psychological testing techniques and for what types of clients? What limitations should be
considered: Are there different considerations for objective and subjective assessment techniques?
The Role of Psychological Assessment in Counseling or Clinical Practice
Psychological assessment assesses and evaluates information that a client gives to a psychologist in
the form of answers to specific questions. A psychologist administers and interprets the tests in an ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, assessment addresses the resources and the nature of support in the client 's family,
family, and client 's functioning. Most psychological assessments are comprehensive and more
preferable if carried out over time. Typically, these evaluations promote the development of
individual care plans and educational plans (Hunsley & Mash, 2011).
Further, it is integral in development of a treatment plan for patients that some form of assessment
be made which deal with individual issues. An example of this is the diagnosis and screening for the
delay and developmental disorders such as speech, autism, language and behavioral disorders, etc.
Assessments allow psychologists to make recommendations to clients or families about appropriate
approaches and promote an ongoing assessment and the evaluation of the person 's progress (Balkin
& Juhnke, 2013).
In counseling and clinical practice, assessment plays a role in family dynamics. It can be a critical
part of identifying the functioning of a family. This includes such things as identification of the
levels of family adjustment, stress, and coping, the level of parental support, and individual coping
styles. Psychologists identify parental communication styles, relationship quality, sibling
adjustment, emotional response, and coping (Institute of Medicine of the National Academies,
2015).
Moreover, Hays & Hood (2013) note that psychological

Thematic Appreciation Test And Rorschach Inkbolt Test
Psychology while being a young science has taken over the various aspects of our lives. Psychology
is used very liberally ranging from advertisement to job selection. Psychology has various tests that
are used independently in order to diagnose and measure the behaviour of an individual. The
psychological tests all have various usage and can measure different behaviours or diagnose mental
health issues. There are numerous psychological tests and the focus of the paper is on the thematic
appreciation test and Rorschach Inkbolt test. The tests are used on myriads of institutions and the
popularity of these keep rising. The tests are used for identifying personality traits, canadites for
particular roles, checking IQ levels and many more. Thematic appreciation test and the Rorschach
Inkbolt test are both part of psychological tests. Both Thematic appreciation test and the Rorschach
Inkbolt test are categorized under the projective psychological test. The popularity of thematic
appreciation test and Rorschach Inkbolt test are very high. The paper will focus on the comparing
and contrasting the Rorschach Inkbolt test and thematic appreciation test along with their usage. The
projective tests are from a part of the psychological tests. Rorschach Inkbolt test and thematic
appreciation test are popular forms of testing. Rorschach Inkbolt test and thematic appreciation test
are mainly used to test for personality tests, when presented with the vague images, words and
unclear scenes.

Early Childhood Intervention Programs For Children 's...
For decades, early childhood intervention programs, including child–care program facilities, have
created controversial debates on the long–term effects that they have on a persons childhood and
more importantly, their future development. Although there are various debates on early childhood
intervention effects on future development, early intervention programs tend to show long–term
effects on cognitive and academic achievement, and positive effects on occupational prestige and
depressive symptoms. However, early childhood intervention programs do not show long–term
effects on future behavioral development and social competence. In essence, it is these outcomes
that provide insights as to why early intervention programs enhance or diminish the future
development among children. In turn, the early child–care programs tend to have positive effects on
a persons reading and mathematical skills at the high school level. Early childhood intervention
programs including child–care facilities, offer numerous amounts of support to children's future
development. In particular, research has concluded that early intervention programs show long–term
effects on cognitive and academic achievement such as reading, and mathematical achievements.
For example, in Campbell and Ramsey's article on the development of cognitive and academic
abilities, the authors focus on the effects of early childhood programs and a child's intellectual level
and academic achievement. The experiment included a

Taking a Look at Personality Testing
Personality testing allows psychologists to assess and describe an individual's personality on a
systematic and scientific level. Personality testing is used for the assessment of proposed theories,
track personality changes, to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy, diagnose psychological issues
and many more things. This essay will demonstrate how objective and projective approaches to
personality testing have different results and outcomes, thereby reason why objective is the better
form of personality testing. Given the different nature and formats of the two methods of personality
testing, it is clear that wither side has strengths and weaknesses Principles of Personality Testing
Loevinger (1955) has proposed five principles for personality assessment. The first is concerned
with the structure of the test. This suggests a greater degree of test 'structure'; do identify similarities
and differences in test results and to allow the test administrator to draw conclusions for these
results. The next principle is the 'disguise' principle, which allows for more valid testing. The
principle of 'least stress' creates a valid result, as the participant is comfortable and relaxed with
minimal stress under the test conditions. The fourth principle, the principle of the 'dynamic
continuum' highlights how test results should be measured empirically such as common traits. The
final proposition is the principle of 'emotional limitation' is that the emotions of the administrator are

Testing And Measurement Of Assessment
PSYC502 Tests and Measurements
Unit 1 Exam: Introduction and Methodology of Assessment
Total Points Possible – 100
Due Sunday at 11:55 pm Eastern Time at the end of WEEK 3
Chapter 1
Answer two questions. Points possible = 10 pts ea.
Identify the contributions made by each of the following individuals to psychological and
educational assessment: Alfred Binet, J. McKeen Cattell, Francis Galton, Hermann Rorschach,
Charles Spearman, Lewis Terman, Edward Thorndike, Robert Woodworth, and E. K. Strong, Jr.
All of the individuals mentioned in this exam question are considered great contributors to the fields
of not only psychology, but education as well. Most had an important place in the realm of
measurements in the area of mental health. Our text talks about how Alfred Binet was a psychologist
from France that developed the very first mental health test for scholastic achievement (Aiken, L R.
& Groth–Marnat, G., 2006). The American psychologist was J. McKeen Cattell and his focus was
on experimental psychology but he also made his mark on the Galton's test and methods. That
leading to the next psychologists, Francis Galton, he was from England and our text stated that his
primary study was unclear, yet it mentioned that he was known as the founding father of individual
psychology (Aiken, L R. & Groth–Marnat, G., 2006). What he did do was place the majority of his
focus on studying intelligence and the origins of intelligence which then lead to the development of
various

Testing And Assessment
a. What are your feelings and reactions to the use of testing and assessment in treating clients in
counseling psychotherapy? I feel that testing and assessment in treating clients offers a more
insightfulness of the client's presence of certain conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and anger
control. It helps to measure client's emotions and nonverbal behaviors. Psychological assessment
measures the general well being and provides an overall picture of a client's personality. As a
counselor this would give more opportunities for the client to also learn new things about their
disorders/conditions, which will eventually improve their overall mental health. Testing and
assessment help in diagnosing clients and help in providing effective treatments. b. In what ways, do
you think, testing can provide information that interviewing ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I believe every time a client is in the present of the interviewer they are being testing on their mental
competencies to help with effectiveness in treatment. There are many examples of why clinical
interviewing is a test which, starts with the initial intake visit with the client; when the client first
come into the office for services. Second, the mental health status exams is another aspect that
determines a client's behaviors, mood, affect, and appearance while in the interviewer's present at
every visits. Third, as the interviewer you are asking more open–ended questions, instead of close–
ended questions, which gives the client more opportunity to answer from their own perception
which is another form of testing ones mental capacities . d. How might knowledge of projective
testing and psychological assessment in general help you function as a more insightful counselor
and help you work in your chosen work setting more effectively? Again, provide examples to
support your main

Employee Resourcing and Development
employee resourcing and development
[How psychometric testing and assessment centres help to make the selection process more effective
in providing evidence of whether an applicant has the necessary skills and competencies needed to
perform well]
introduction
In today's business environment, human resource is considered to be an organizations greatest
resource; technology and capital are also needed but cannot be utilized with some form of human
resource (Mathis and Jackson, 2010). All organizations want to have competitive advance and be
successful, selecting and retaining the talented staff is the best way to achieve this. Best practices in
the recruitment and selection process can to the achievement of organizational goals ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Diversity should always be taken into account when recruiting, any bias should be removed from the
application process and the organization should make certain that recruiting personnel are aware of
legislation on discrimination (CIPD, 2012). Recruiting applicants based on incomplete data or
assumptions can seriously jeopardize organizational goals and objectives, hiring the wrong applicant
can be very costly to the organization especially when these vacancies are for top management
positions (Sangeetha, 2010). There are various methods of recruiting – internal applicants, those
based on references or recruitment agencies. After the posting of job vacancies and a reasonable
amount of applications has been received, the selection process begins.
the selection process: how it works
Proper human resource planning is the way to ensuring that the right applicants, who possess the
necessary skills to achieve organizational objectives are selected (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2010).
Selection is the process of accessing an applicant's competency with the sole purpose of offering
employment (Sutherland and Wöcke, 2011). Selection has two processes – shortlisting and
assessment of the applicants shortlisted. A wide range of methods is used when accessing the
suitability of an applicant for a current vacancy. The

Evaluation Of A Clinical Psychologist Essay
Many psychology majors have the notion that a clinical psychologist performs daily psychological
evaluations in the luxury of their cozy office. Although this is the case for a clinical psychologist
who have their own private practice, many clinicians will spend hours throughout the day
conducting evaluations in different schools or prisons. It is important traveling psychologist are
equipped with the materials necessary to performing several psychological assessments for any
ages. The purpose of this full battery Project is to demonstrate what a typical day would be like for a
Clinician conducting a series of assessments throughout the day.
Daily Test Materials: Test manuals
Several Instruments
Test questions
Pencils
Pens
White copy paper
Stop watch
Interview:
A clinician's first step in conducting a full battery of psychological testing consists of the very first
clinical interview with the client. The interview conducted by the Psychologist could be structured,
unstructured, or semi– structured. For the purpose of this battery project I choose to conduct a
Semi– structured interview for my client. A semi–structured interview allows me to skip over
prepared questions that doesn't have great significance in my assessment. On the other hand, I will
still have the benefit of sequence of questioning deciding if I would like to ask follow up question to
my Client. This type of interview will save time and allow easy flow back and forth between

The Psychology Of Psychological Testing Essay
Dynamics of Psychological Testing Psychological testing serves as a valuable tool, with various
applications, pre–employment testing fitness for position and team building are excellent examples
of these uses Crucial to the integrity of the test are cohesive administration of test protocols,
accurate analysis of scoring and effective interpretation of results Any errors in the collection and
analysis of data can adversely affect the test results. Common errors within the application,
analyzing and interpreting a test include bias, inaccurate direction, data entry, and unqualified
individual's interpretation of results. When administering a test, it is beneficial to adhere to a script,
this will serve as safeguard against exposing the individual to any bias. Relying on qualified
professionals to enter data, analyze and interpret all tests. APA Ethical Principals The American
Psychological Association has compiled, the ethical principles and codes to assure integrity within
the generalized field of psychology. Psychological professionals are continually met with ethical
quandaries both professionally and personally, the code of ethics serve as a valuable tool for
psychological professionals. APA's 9th code is Assessment: psychology professions are culpable to
use, reliable and valid appraisal of tests to individuals in their native language. It is vital that the
professional procure informed consent,

Neo Personality Inventory Revised ( Neo Pi R )
NEO Personality Inventory–Revised (NEO PI–R)
Linda Laiton Dominguez
Salem College
Psych 220, Spring 2017 Dr. Mary Jacobsen April 18, 2017
Psychological tests or psychological assessments are an important asset in the field of psychology.
These tests are designed to measure people's characteristics which pertain to behavior. There are a
variety of different types of tests that can be used to assess different types of behaviors. According
to the specific behavior or behaviors being assessed, tests are ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The NEO PI–R is available for purchase at the publisher's website, for individuals with a
qualification level of S or B. A level S qualification requires that buyers have a degree, certificate, or
license to practice in a health care profession, in addition to having the appropriate training and
experience in ethical administration, scoring, and interpretation of clinical behavioral assessment
measures (NEO PI–R™, 2012). A level B qualification is very similar to the level S qualification in
that it requires a license or certification that required appropriate training and experience in the
ethical and knowledgeable use of psychological tests, or a degree in psychology, counseling, or a
related field, in addition to having completed coursework in test interpretation, psychometrics,
measurement theory, and educational statistics with a passing grade (NEO PI–R™, 2012). This
helps to ensure that the test is only handled by individuals who have the necessary knowledge to
interpret the test without misinterpretation, which could have negative outcomes.
The NEO PI–R is self–administered, which means individuals who do not have formal training in
clinical psychology, personality or related fields can administer and score the instruments (Costa &
McCrae, 1992). Although, it is highly suggested that the administrator, whether formally trained or
not, review the administration and scoring procedures from the manual. On the other hand,

Psychological Testing In America Essay
The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between culture and the clinical
practice of psychological assessment. Over the past decade, psychologists have come under
criticism for maintaining a mainstream cultural status quo in clinical practice. In particular,
indigenous peoples throughout the world have pointed out that clinical psychologists, in both
research and practice, have not successfully been able to understand or deliver culturally appropriate
services due to Psychology's entrenched, Western European, ethnocentric perspective. In order to
understand the difficulties that psychologists might face in performing assessments on people of
First Nations heritage, a collaborative research project was undertaken ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING IN AFRICA: WHAT I HAVE
LEARNED (SO FAR)
Cheryl D. Foxcroft
University of Port Elizabeth
South Africa
ABSTRACT
This article attempts to introduce readers to what I have learned regarding ethical issues in
psychological testing in Africa. The core ethical consideration of how to best cater for cultural and
linguistic diversity so as to be sensitive to test–takers' cultural backgrounds and values during the
testing process is highlighted. Thereafter, specific issues to consider and address before using tests
in an assessment or research context are presented. This is followed by a discussion on the ethical
issues that an assessment practitioner needs to deal with during and after testing. Throughout,
examples relevant to the multicultural African context are provided to illustrate specific ethical
issues.
INTRODUCTION
Africa, which covers 20.28% of the land surface of the Earth, is the second largest continent and is
currently comprised of 54 countries, with 650 million inhabitants. Lying on both sides of the
equator, it is a continent of contrasting climates, geographical features, and plant and animal life.
The peoples of Africa are of diverse ethnic origins and cultural backgrounds, speak a large variety of
languages, and differ greatly in terms of their religious and political orientations, clothing, gestures,
attitudes toward child–rearing and family life,

The Importance Of Learning Needs In Special Education
1
SEA #1 Part B
(3.3) Special educators use the results of assessments to help recognize exceptional learning needs
of the student. For instance, a teacher uses curriculum–based assessments, informal records, or
diagnostic checklists as ways to spot any student who falls into the at–risk category in academic
areas. In addition, the results of the assessments are used to conference with parents and other
educators about setting up instructional support or intervention for the student at–risk. One such
support could be the Response to Intervention program (RtI). In this program, the at–risk student is
further monitored and if needed, assessed for eligibility for special education services. This process
could ultimately result in the identification of a student with exceptional learning needs.
Special education teachers also use the results of assessments to establish individualized learning
needs to address in an IEP. For example, areas of strengths and weaknesses are identified from the
interpretation of eligibility assessments such as the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test or the
Young Children's Achievement Test. Other assessments such as curriculum–based assessments,
performance–based assessments, and/or observations by the teacher are used to single out areas of
concerns and needs. The exceptional learning needs pinpointed out of the data collected are used in
the development of measurable annual goals and benchmarks for the IEP.
(3.4) Special

Example Of A Psychological Test
Have you ever taken a psychological test? Psychological tests are used to measure one's attributes.
According to the article, How is a Psychological Assessment Used, "psychological testing – is done
to help a psychologist, better understand an individual and provide valuable insights into the
individual's behavior, skills, thoughts and personality." An example of a psychological test is, the
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) which evaluates thoughts, attitudes, and responses to
questionable test materials. The TAT and its pictures evolved during the 1930s and early 1940s. The
pictures used were in a constant state of flux with additions, deletions, and modifications (Morgan,
W. G. 2002). The Thematic Apperception Test is an individual assessment, known as the picture
interpretation technique. Whereas, the test taker is shown pictures and asked to tell a story about the
pictures. The pictures used for this psychological test include cards which are, blank, male figures,
female, ambiguous gender, and children. Most practitioners choose a set of approximately ten cards,
either using cards that they feel are generally useful, or that they believe will encourage the subject's
expression of emotional conflicts relevant to their specific history and situation (Cramer, P. 2004).
The assessment for TAT can be used to; reveal motivations, and understanding of one's personality
through projecting themselves onto the pictures and how they are feeling. Thus, each answer the
subject

Psychological Ethics
Introduction Ethics are an essential part of the administration of psychological tests. Psychological
tests are an important tool in terms of many professions in an array of settings such as in clinical
psychology, education, and even business. However, misuse of psychological test by the
administrators is a constant and troubling issue that has the potential to harm the individuals
involved and even society as a whole. For test takers, the misuse of a psychological test could result
in improper diagnoses or inappropriate decision making. The misuse of tests reflects very poorly on
the professional organizations along with highly trained test users and overall will result in poor
decisions that may harm society in both an economic and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The right to know who will have access to test data and the right to confidentiality of test results, the
test takers will be acknowledge about the person who will be in charge of their results. Labeling
Labels may affect ones access to help. Labeling someone shyness may be self–fulfilling prophecy
.Because some people may not be able to change their shyness or may see their shyness as a positive
impact in their lives even though the test results shows that shyness have negative impact on their
success. Labels may imply a person is not responsible, may increase the risk that the person labeled
will feel passive. In view of potentially negative affects of labeling a person should have the right
not to be labeled. Invasion of privacy. Informed consent Self–determination is a right to every
individual which means that individuals are entitled to receive complete explanations in regards to
why exactly they are being tested as well as how the results of the test will be used and what their
results mean. These complete explanations are commonly known as informed consent and should be
conveyed in such a way that is straight–forward and easy for examinees to understand. Student may
give his/her their consent because he/she does not fully understand what the research will involve.
Having taken part, he/she is in a better position to give their informed consent and if necessary
exercise the right to withdraw. While conducting the

The Nature Of Psychological Assessment
IOP4861 2015 ASSIGNMENT 01 FOR SEMESTER 1 (Unique number 581959) DUE DATE 08
June 2015 SURNAME AND INITIALS: Mbhele S.S. STUDENT NUMBER: 54303303 Word
count: 4934 Psychological Assessments Table of Content i. Table of content 1 1. Introduction 2 2.
The nature and purpose of psychological assessments 3 2.1. What is psychological assessment 3 2.2.
What are psychological assessments used for 3 2.3. Psychological assessment in organizations 4 3.
The development of cognitive, personality and behavioural assessment 5 3.1. Cognitive assessment
5 3.2. Personality and behavioural assessment 6 3.3. Different psychological measures 8 3.3.1.
Interviews 8 3.3.2. Simulations 9 4. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The use of interviews alone in determining the right candidates for a job can prove to leave many
questions unanswered in terms of the actual competencies and capabilities of candidates. Therefore
the use of psychological assessments and tests can help the practitioner to formulate a more
objective and accurate assessment of the candidate's capabilities and competencies against the
inherent job requirements. Bartram (2004) pointed out the use of traditional methods (structured
interviews, job application forms and knowledge and skills tests) in selecting the candidates who are
likely to succeed or fail in a

Shamar Mcallister Case Summary
Summary: Shamar McAllister is a 19–year–old male who was referred by his STEP– South teacher
Shannon Beliveau. As Shamar is his own guardian, a comprehensive orientation was provided to
him at school on 10/24/17. Shamar and this counselor reviewed agency services; employment
purpose of MRS program; that an employment outcome shall be in an integrated setting; eligibility
criteria; services available through MRS and the statewide workforce investment system; the
individualized nature of the program; the requirement to use other sources of funds before MRS can
pay for services; how the applicant will be involved in making informed choices regarding their
rehabilitation program; customer contribution; the agency's order of selection for ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
He then initialed and signed the application. Shamar did ask this counselor to call and update his dad
about his case and this meeting. This counselor agreed. This counselor did have Shamar sign a
release to speak with his dad as he is his own guardian. The release is in his case file. After
completing the application, this counselor did an intake with Shamar. Shamar stated that he would
like MRS to assist him with attending MCTI for the automotive program and once he returns home
with finding employment near his home. Shamar stated that he wants to find something part–time to
start off, but that would eventually lead to full–time. Shamar stated that he is open to any shift and is
willing to make minimum wage to start. Shamar doesn't have his license so he relies on others for
transportation. Shamar stated that he can use the bus if it's a "straight shot". He doesn't know how to
transfer from bus to bus, but stated he is willing to try. Because he relies on others for transportation,
he wants to stay within 10–15 miles of his home when searching for employment. At this time,
Shamar is interested in attending MCTI for the automotive program. His ultimate goal is to get
certificated as a mechanic and return back home to get a job in that field. Eventually he stated he
may want to expand his education further and maybe go to a community college. Disability related
information & Educational/Work Experience: Shamar completed high school with a certificate of

No Psychological Testing Needed Of Airline Pilots
FAA: No Psychological Testing Needed Of Airline Pilots
I. Case Synopsis
On June 9, 2016, the Federal Aviation Association (FAA) announced specific actions that it will take
in response to the issue concerning pilot's mental health. These actions were formulated using
recommendations made by Aviation Rulemaking Committee (ARC).
A year after the Germanwings tragic event, we have seen disappointing efforts by FAA in
strengthening the security for passengers and crew. The murder–suicide crash last year killed over
150 passengers. It focused attention on how airliners and regulators can better monitor pilots' mental
health and improve aviation safety. In response to the event, many international agencies of aviation
safety encouraged a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most evaluated aspects are the hiring standard and ongoing evaluation of pilots. Currently, no
psychological testing is required for airline pilots. Although most airliners choose to incorporate
psychological testing in their hiring process, but these tests were primarily designed as personality
test. The test was used to examine whether a pilot will fit well in the company and do little to
uncover the mental state and fitness of the pilot.
The most important source of mental health information came from pilot 's self–reported health
form. Besides the self–reported health form, airliners relied heavily on annual medical examination
administered by FAA certified examiner to discern mental health profile of their pilots. However, the
exam was devoted to examine pilot 's physical conditions where examiners were not required to ask
mental health questions. The mental health was evaluated based on their conversation with the pilot
during the exam.
ii. Patient Confidentiality Concerns
Medical practitioners are not obliged to disclose medical condition to authorities. In fact, doctors
who reports such information were often charged with criminal offense for violating patient
confidentiality agreement. Patient confidentiality in the U.S. is regulated by federal law. It

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory IIi
The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI–III) was first presented in 1994 during a
meeting of the American Psychological Association (Retziaff, 1996). This edition of the assessment
along with the MCMI and the MCMI–II editions were developed by Theodore Millon, his daughter
C. Millon and colleagues R. Davis and S. Grossman. However, the first edition (the MCMI) was
developed in the late 1970s as it used the criteria on different disorders from the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–III). Since then, two other editions have been
published by NCS Pearson Inc., one in 1987 which used the DSM–R, and the current edition of the
assessment, the MCMI–III was published in 1994 which uses the criteria established by ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(n.d.). In the second phase, the administrator will "determine the presence of Axis I or Axis II
disorders" (Millon® Clinical Multiaxial Inventory–III. (n.d.). Meanwhile, in the third phase the
administrator will "identify the pervasive personality characteristics of an individual" (Pearson
2015), lastly, in the last phase, the administrator's main focus or goal is to "gain an integrated
understanding of the relationship between personality characteristics and clinical syndromes"
(Millon® Clinical Multiaxial Inventory–III. (n.d.). Uses According to Retzlarff, (1996) there are
several potential uses for the MCMI–III. In his article MCMI–III Diagnostic Validity: Bad test or
bad validity study, Retzlarff described one of the uses as "attempts to predict the dichotomous
presence or absence of a clinical disorder through the use of base rate scores". Even though Millon
constructed this assessment to evaluate and individuals' personality, it has been known to facilitate
in many different scenarios in which a psychological evaluation or consultation is needed. Some of
the scenarios as described by the original manual include forensic settings, neuropsychology,
substance abuse, PTSD, correctional settings, marital counseling, treatment planning, and
psychotherapy (Millon, 1997). Characteristics of examinees Furthermore, when it comes to the
administration of a psychological test, it is important to provide specific

Psychological Assessment And Ethics Of Forensic Psychology
Psychological Assessment and Ethics Debra Deering FO611 Ethics and Professional Issues in
Forensic Psychology Professor Cathy Donnell February 8, 2015 Abstract The purpose of this paper
is to discuss the Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III. Information to be included in this paper
will detail why this psychological assessment is used, how it is administered ethically, how it is
scored, why it is unique, what precautions need to be taken to assure its ethical use, and any ethical
concerns there are with this specific assessment tool. MILLION CLINICAL MULTIAXIAL
INVENTORY III Identify the Assessment Tool and describe what it is used for The Million Clinical
Multiaxial Inventory III is a 175 question test based on true or false answers. It is administered in
clinical settings to clients with coping and or suspected mental health issues. The purpose of this
assessment tool is to assist clinicians in diagnosing mental illness and in developing appropriate
treatment plans. The MCMI III will also help with treatment decisions made by clinical staff based
on patterns found in personality. This test was created to discover specific Axis I (schizophrenia,
depression, bipolar disorder, PTSD, ADHD, anxiety disorders, etc.) and Axis II disorders
(borderline, narcissistic and antisocial personality disorders). With the help of the clinician
interview, the MCMI III is a highly regarded tool for discovering some 24 personality disorders and
clinical

Schizophreni An Acute And Critical Mental Illness Essay
Schizophrenia is an acute and critical mental illness that impacts how a person perceives, feels, and
acts. Signs of schizophrenia generally begins between adolescence and middle age adulthood.
According to Robins, & Regier(1991) the manifestation of schizophrenia descends into three
brackets cognitive, negative, and positive. The cognitive traits of schizophrenia are feeble, but for
others, they are more bleak and patients may notice changes in their memory or other aspects of
thinking. Negative traits are linked with disruptions to standard emotions and actions whereas,
Positive traits include, delusions, hallucinations, and adverse thought disorder. Traditionally, the
detection of schizophrenia has contingent on the existences of behavioral phenomena evaluated by
way of behavioral monitoring and patient symptomatic disclosure. However, it is still debatable how
best to expound schizophrenia in order to further etiologic testing.Therefore, I would create a
comprehensive framework of assessment for schizophrenia that includes ruling out other other
mental health disorder and making sure reported symptoms are not due to a pre existing medical
condition, substance abuse, or medication. All things consider a comprehensive framework of
assessing schizophrenia should included a physical exam, psychiatric evaluation, and imaging
studies. More specifically, I would adhere to the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia by using the
criteria set forth by the diagnostic and

• Compare and Contrast the Constructs and Measures of...
Define the term test The term " test" comes from the late 14th century old French word for a "small
vessel used in processing precious metals" (Harper, 2010, Para. 1). Thus in the 1590s records show
its use as "trial or examination to determine the correctness of something" (Harper, 2010, Para. 1).
According to Hogan, 2007, p. 38) The standards for Educational and Psychological Testing defines
test as, "an evaluative device or procedure in which a sample of an examinees' behavior in a
specified domain is obtained and subsequently evaluated, and scored using a standardized process."
Furthermore, Hogan stated that a test is a systematic and standardized qualification procedure or
device that produces information about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Neuropsychological tests are designed to give information about brain function and the central
nervous system. According to Hogan, (2007), assessing brain function includes "tests of memory for
verbal and figural material, psychomotor coordination, and abstract thinking" (Hogan, 2007, p.8).
Compare and contrast the concepts of reliability and validity and discuss how they affect the field of
psychological testing. Moreover, the two of the most important concepts in testing are reliability and
validity, whereas validity refers to if the test measures of what it aims to measure. On the other
hand, reliability refers to the consistency of the measurement (Hogan, 2007). Hence, both concepts
give tests their value. Further, a measure can be reliable validity; however, a test cannot be valid if it
is not reliable. According to Hogan, (2007), the expected components of testing are consistency,
replication, and dependability. Thus, using these terms, a test consistently must produce the same or
similar information, and it must tend toward replication "within a certain margin of error" (Hogan,
2007, p. 113). Furthermore, the test must be dependable and produce the same score for an
individual. However, validity is the most important characteristic of a test. According to (Hogan,
2007, p. 157), it is the imprecise to question the validity of a test, but rather "refer to the

Issues in Psychological Testing Worksheet
Issues in Psychological Testing Worksheet Using the text for this course, the University Library, the
Internet, and/or other resources answer the following questions. Your response to each question
should be at least 200 words in length. 1. What are at least two ethical issues associated with
psychological testing? What impact do these issues have on the field of psychological testing? One
document of psychological testing is "the Standards", formally known as the Standards for
Educational and Psychological Testing (AERA, APA, NCME, 1999). This document is loaded with
references of the "should's" and "should not's" of the construction, administration, and interpretation
of tests (Hogan, 2007). The "should's and should ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The interface is intricate, it desires specialized knowledge, and calls for warn in generalizing from
single cases (Hogan, 2007). 3. Which court case do you feel has had the largest impact on the field
of psychological testing? Why? I believe the Griggs v. Duke Power court case has had the largest
impact on the field of psychological testing. This case helped to implement the guidelines for the
Equal Opportunity Employment Commission. The case disputed the need for employers to ask for a
diploma and for prospective employees to pass an intelligence test to be hired for certain job. The
employer also required individuals requesting a promotion to pass specific intelligence tests.
Basically employers could not administer such tests without the test proven validated. The courts
ruled this way because they concluded the employer failed to demonstrate a reasonable relationship
between the requirements of needing a diploma and passing an intelligence test and job
performance. It required companies to have their tests validated as tests that would demonstrate a
required skill level to be able to perform the job individuals were applying for and to prove no
biases existed. I believe this case was extremely crucial to help prevent discrimination in hiring and
promotion practices and to give everyone equal opportunity to employment. I

Clinical Assessment Psy 270
Clinical Assessment Scenario Mr. and Mrs. Lawson brought their 4–year–old adopted daughter,
Clara, to see Dr. Mason, a psychiatrist. Clara was polite in greeting Dr. Mason, but did not smile and
kept her gaze down as she took a seat. Mr. and Mrs. Lawson sat next to Clara and began explaining
their concerns. They described Clara as a quiet child who has recently begun throwing temper
tantrums, during which she is inconsolable. Her sleep and eating patterns have changed, and she no
longer wants to go to preschool. Introduction first step to gather as much information as possible
about the person and his or her problems and behavior. In this case, Clara a 4–year–old adopted girl
is brought by her parents to see Dr. Mason because they have ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Information would be gathered together based a person's background information such as gender,
race etc. Axis I: relates to clinical disorders such major depressive disorder Axis II: relates to
personality disorder and mental retardation Axis III: physical conditions and disorders Axis IV:
Problem related to the social environment (termination of engagement) Axis V: Global Assessment
of Functioning (GAF) In Clara's case: Axis I: tantrums, not smiling and afraid to make eye contact
and quiet Axis II: N/AAxis III: Both sleeping and eating patterns are not the same Axis IV: adopted
and all of a sudden lost interest in school Axis V: not enough information to establish Do you think
that diagnosing Clara would be beneficial or harmful? Explain why. Undecided, initially, because of
her age the possibility of an inaccurate diagnosis, the differences of both the reliability and validity
which may occur because of the difference in age, race, gender as well as socioeconomic status.
However, in Clara's case, it may just be a phase like many toddlers and adolescents go through. On
the contrary, it can also be something a little more severe because of the fact that she is adopted, In
conclusion, it my opinion, that regardless of a test observation any diagnosis should be done as
carefully as possible. In the case of a child so

Article And Supporting Literature : The Clinical...
Article 1 and Supporting Literature
For the first article, I wanted to focus on the clinical portion of the risk assessments and how that fits
into the actual assessment. The particular article I chose depicts presents three different possibilities
for risk assessments: structural clinical judgment, actuarial assessment and clinical judgment
(Murray, J & Thomson, M 2010). In the past clinicians relied on their personal experiences and
other events that led them to be the experts they are, and now, most individuals will use their
personal experiences and the standardized risk assessments to actually supplement their findings and
make a professional decision. The purpose of this article is to focus on the three main ways an
individual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Overall, the author describes, in detail, the assessments and clinical judgment role within that
process. Also, the author presents the need to research these assessments more so that they can be
improved for the better (Murray, J & Thomson, M 2010). A fantastic supporting article that I have
found also shows the importance of the clinical opinion along with the risk assessments themselves.
The author breaks it down in simpler terms as the first as article was a bit more difficult to
understand. In the first section, according to the article, the assessments focus on three major areas:
the actual, the attempted and the threatened physical harm (Criminal Justice Editors, n.d). It also
explains the stages in which one may need or get an assessment for example, during sentencing,
pre–trial or release from prison. As we talked about in the first article, the clinical psychologist will
base their expert opinion professional experience as well as education. Actuarial judgments are not
based on professional experience but on information gathered from statistics and other information.
This type of assessment may be very time consuming and strict while clinical judgments may be to
"fluid", or based on one's opinion more than science. A big problem with this approach is that it may
be ok to generalize a group but

ACA Code Of Ethics : Evaluations, Assessment, And...
The ACA Code of Ethics (ACA, 2014) is a critical resource for counselors involving assessment.
Section E in the ACA Code of Ethics (ACA, 2014) is devoted to explaining evaluations,
assessments, and interpretation. E.1. states, "The primary purpose of educational, mental health,
psychological, and career assessment is to gather information regarding the client for a variety of
purposes, including but not limited to, client decision making, treatment planning, and forensic
proceedings" (ACA, 2014, pp.11). Counselors should only use assessment tools in which the
clinician has been trained. Before a clinical begins to counselor a minor, the counselor must receive
written permission from the legal guidance or parent. Informed consent is essential because the
client may not understand what is being measured and how the results will be used. If the parent
does give the school consent to participate in the examination or testing for psychological services,
the test results should be offered in a language that the parent, students, their teachers, and
administers understand (Association for Assessment in Counseling, 2003). Therefore, the counselor
should include background information that would help explain the test results. Also, the test
administers should know the measurement characteristics (Association for Assessment in
Counseling, 2003). Therefore, the test administers should be able to answer questions regarding the
test results, what assessment was used, and the

Psychological Testing
Psychological Testing Heather Kramer University Of Phoenix PSY/475 Psychological Tests and
Measurements John Papazafiropoulos 3/9/2009
Psychological Testing Hogan (2003, pg. 15) offer four central assumptions that are made by
individuals in regard to psychological testing they are as follows, "people differ in important traits,
we can quantify these traits, the traits are reasonable stable, and measures of the traits relate to
actual behavior." The following will review and discus the major assumptions and fundamental
questions associated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Categories of Tests, Use, and Users Currently there are five major categories of psychological test
offered which are metal ability tests, achievement tests, personality tests, vocational interest
measures, as well as neuropsychological tests. "In the world of psychological testing, the term
mental ability includes a wide variety of cognitive functions, such as memory, spatial visualization,
and creative thinking" (Hogan, 2003, pg. 5). These types of tests measure an individual's
intelligence and can be given either individually or in groups. One type of intelligence test is the
Scholastic Assessment Test which is used to anticipate an individual's achievement in college.
Achievement tests are used to, "....attempt to assess a person's level of knowledge in skill in a
particular domain" (Hogan, 2003, pg. 6). There are many types of achievement tests that can be
taken whether it is for school in order to test ones abilities in math, reading and grammar, or a test
geared to test an individual's knowledge in his or her profession that will allow them to gain a
licenser in the field the individual works in. State jobs also may require individuals to take
achievement tests in order to acquire entry level jobs and promotional positions. Tests designed to
acquire information on an individual's

The Psychological Assessment Practitioners
As stated by Foxcroft (2011) the psychological assessment practitioners core ethical responsibility is
that nothing should be done during testing and assessment to harm the client, and that it is their
responsibility to follow ethical practices so that the test–takers can perceive the assessment to be fair
and beneficial. This discussion will be covering ethical issues in psychological assessment with an
emphasis on the South African context. We will look at what a psychological test is, what ethics is,
the history of South Africa that has had an impact on psychological testing in this country, and some
ethical issues to consider. In the South African context, a psychological test is classified as such
when the purpose of said test, results in the performance of a psychological act, according to
Foxcroft, Roodt, & Abrahams (as cited in Foxcroft. 2011). Foxcroft (2011) stated that a
psychological act with regards to assessment is the use of measures to assess mental, cognitive, or
behavioural processes and functioning, intellectual functioning, aptitude, personality etc. Only
registered psychologists are allowed to perform psychological acts, and the tests devised may only
be used, interpreted and managed by psychologists according to Foxcroft (2011). Because these
psychological tests are assessing information which the client may not wish to be made public, or
could potentially cause any harm or distress on them if these results were improperly used, it is
important for

Summative Assessment Case Study
Summative assessment: Summative assessment methods are the most traditional way of evaluating
student work. From classroom tests to high–stake testing, summative assessments are used in
universities and schools. From a student perspective, summative assessments are primarily utilized
to determine final course grades; from an instructor perspective, they are means of accountability
(Barrows, 1986).
Summative assessment is comprehensive in nature, provides accountability and is used to check the
level of learning at the end of the program (Angelo & Cross, 1993). It requires conflating the marks
given for each task to produce the subject's final outcome (Ritter & Wilson, 2001).
Ideally, summative assessment is designed to measure student understanding ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
For the learners to be ready to take on such a heavy part of the responsibility of what is going on in
the classrooms, there must be clearly stated objectives for the course and they should be properly
tained. These objectives may be decided on together with the learners, if the teaching situation
permits
Formative assessment: Formative assessment is assessment for learning and its purpose is helping
students to improve the quality of their own work. This kind of assessment focuses on process rather
than product.
According to Callaghan et al. (2010), ( (as cited in Fry et al, 2009; Nicol, 2007; Race, 2007; Yorke,
2003), the traditional summative assessment of learning is useful for employers and schools to make
decisions, and it doesn't give any feedback to the students. They don't suggest that teachers dispense
with summative assessment. They say they should use a kind of formative assessment with
qualitative formative feedback that makes students aware of their strength and weaknesses
(Callaghan et al.,

Objective and Projective Test Essay
Objective and Projective Test
Rene' Butler
Kaplan University
Testing, Measurement, and Assessment
PS–505
James Julian
June 30, 2014 Objective and Projective Test
1. The historical use of the terms objective and projective to classify a personality test, and the
problems with such classification. Since the beginning of mankind, there have been attempts to
figure out how and why people differ. People who study personality traits tend to focus on various
aspects of human behaviors such as, social interactions, development, learning, and culture. In
addition, they study physiology, genetics, and pathology. They look at all aspects of being human
and try to classify, organize, and understand them. Historically ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When it comes to objective tests, it is implied that they are accurate, precise, and resistant to biased
influences. Scoring errors are another potential concern. In reviewing the projective test, it is
determined by Meyer and Kurtz (2006) that one's personality will not shine through with force and
clarity regardless of the medium, the presence of the client's responses confuses the efforts to
interpret the test scores, and that is what the psychologists are most interested in interpreting (Meyer
& Kurtz, 2006) In many cases, therapists use these tests to learn qualitative information about a
client. Some therapists may use projective tests to encourage the client to discuss issues or examine
thoughts and emotions. Additionally, projective tests that do not have standard grading scales tend to
lack both validity and reliability. Validity refers to whether or not a test is measuring what it purports
to measure, while reliability refers to the consistency of the test results (Cohen, et al., 2013)
However, a major downfall to objective tests is that people can lie and fake their answers. An
individual could easily check off all of the desirable answers containing traits that they wish they
had, to make them look like a better person.
2. The suggestions made by the authors to refer to specific tests. Meyer and

Psychometric Test Essay
The Different Forms of Psychometric Tests
Describe the different forms of Psychometric tests commonly used by employers to assist in
employee selection and comment on the advantages and disadvantages of their use.
Since the beginning of civilization, employers have testing prospective workers in order to select
suitable candidates. Original tests would have been a rigidly controlled standardized system of
examinations. However in 1883 Galton produced the first psychometric tests to measure intellect,
and his developed form of analysis still form the basis of present day psychometrics. An increasing
number of employers now use psychometric tests as part of their selection process. The tests ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The candidate's responses are then measured and scored to five dimensions location, determination,
form quality, content and frequency of occurrence. The Rorschach test had problems upon
implementation. E. Lord in 1950 claimed that the examiner may inadvertently reveal information or
reinforce certain types of responses through facial expressions and other forms of non–verbal
communication (Saccuzzo, 1998). Evaluating Rorschach on classical psychometric properties has
also proven difficult. Psychologists have concluded that the empirical data is inadequate when
judged by scientific standards. This is due to the Rorschach scoring methods being un–standardized
and therefore provided varied and inconsistent results. Other problems relate to the examiner rather
than psychometric properties which include lack of relevant training and experience in scoring
methods. The Holtzman inkblot test was designed to overcome many of the problems with the
Rorschach test. In this test, subjects are only required to give one response per card. The scoring
method was also standardized, to allow accurate consistent results. The test consisted of 45 cards, on
which each response could be measured on twenty two dimensions. Many of these dimensions
corresponded to those of the Rorschach test but others included anxiety and hostility. The main

Psychological Testing
Psychological Testing Testing has become a very important factor in the world today. Everyone at
one point in their lives has gone through some form of testing or has done a test. Tests were
developed in order to find out information on someone. Thests are being used by many professionals
around the world in many fields of study including psychology. In addition there are many type of
tests and they are categorized into 5 major categories. First is the mental ability tests, then the
achievement tests followed by the personality tests, the interest and attitudes tests and ending with
the neuropsychological tests. Taking a test depends a lot on the reliability and validity of the
information on the test. Major Categories The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
References Hogan, T.P. (2007). Psychologcial testing: A practical introduction (2nd ed.). Hoboken,
NJ:

Psychological Testing Paper
Psychological Testing Paper University of Phoenix
PSY/475: Psychological Test and Measurements
MU10BSP10
Psychological Testing Paper
Introduction
There comes a time when we all come across a specific test such as school tests, driving test, or
even as simple as food tasting test. However, there is a difference between regular tests and testing's
when referring to psychological testing. There are several different psychological tests that many
psychiatrists, psychologists, and school counselors use to determine certain abilities, however each
of the tests are used for a specific purpose. It is vital for the individuals to contain high knowledge
of the tests before applying it to others.
Defining "Test" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Second, the achievement tests are created to help determine the placements of students in school
based on their knowledge and skills. Achievement tests are subdivides in to batteries, single subject,
and certification and licensing, government sponsored programs, and individual assessment tests
(Hogan, 2007). Third of the major category tests is the personality tests, with this test professionals
are able to determine the reasoning of the human personality. Within this category it is also alienated
into other subdivisions such as objective tests and projective techniques (Hogan, 2007). Next is the
interest and attitudes tests, these tests are put together to help individuals maintain focus on a
specific subject of interests either if it is in school or in a job placement. This category is subdivided
by vocational interests and attitude scales (Hogan, 2007). Lastly, the neuropsychological tests, the
main purpose of this test is to illustrate information of the functioning of the central nervous system,
mainly focusing on the information coming from the human brain (Hogan, 2007).
Uses and Users Just as all psychological tests are categorized, not all tests are applied for the same
use and the same users. Each test is done by a trained or professional to determine what is the
situation based on the results and to see what treatment is best for the individual. There are four
major psychological tests users are clinical, educational,

The Role Of Psychological Assessment On Counseling And...
QUESTION NUMBER TWO Area of knowledge: Assessment Discuss the role of psychological
assessment in counseling or clinical practice. What are the strengths and weaknesses inherent in
formal psychological testing? Why might you choose formal psychological testing techniques and
for what types of clients? What limitations should be considered: Are there different considerations
for objective and subjective assessment techniques? The Role of Psychological Assessment in
Counseling or Clinical Practice Psychological assessments measure and evaluate information that
clients give to psychologists as a result of responses to tests, questions, etc. The psychologist or
therapist administers and interprets tools they use in order to measure things such as the client's
status, condition or level of functioning. There are numerous assessment tools such as
neuropsychological tests that measure deficits in cognitive functioning and specific clinical issues.
Psychological assessments are critical in counseling and clinical practice for various reasons.
Psychologists tend to specialize in: observation, interviews, questioning, listening, interpreting,
recording of behaviors, and guiding clients through self–reflection sessions to assist them in
discovering their strengths and guiding them in addressing their challenges. However, each
assessment is unique, and the purpose of assessments varies considerably between those that assess
a person 's emotional, interpersonal, social, self–care

A Study On The Tat
The TAT includes 30 cards, of which an assessor chooses a subset for a particular subject. The cards
feature various ambiguous scenes, most involving interpersonal situations. The subject is asked to
tell a story regarding the card, and the story may include an explanation of what is happening in the
scene, what events preceded the scene, what events may follow the scene and what the people in the
scene are thinking or feeling. The assessor uses the themes emerging from the stories produced by
the subject to infer personality characteristics about the subject.
The TAT is a projective test in that, like the Rorschach test, its assessment of the subject is based on
what he or she projects onto the ambiguous images. Therefore, to complete ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The CAT 's creators suggest a series of ten variables to consider when interpreting the results. These
variables include the story 's major theme, the major character 's needs, drives, anxieties, conflicts,
fears, and the child 's conception of the external world.
Multiplicity of scoring systems One precaution required in general assessment of the TAT is the
absence of a normative scoring system for responses. The original scoring system devised in 1943
by Henry Murray, one of the authors of the TAT, attempted to account for every variable that it
measures. Murray 's scoring system is time–consuming and unwieldy, and as a result has been little
used by later interpreters. Other scoring systems have since been introduced that focus on one or
two specific variables–for example, hostility or depression. While these systems are more practical
for clinical use, they lack comprehensiveness. No single system presently used for scoring the TAT
has achieved widespread acceptance. The basic drawback of any scoring system in evaluating
responses to the TAT story cards is that information that is not relevant to that particular system is
simply lost. Computer scoring A recent subject of controversy in TAT interpretation concerns the use
of computers to evaluate responses. While computers were used initially only to score tests with
simple yes/no answers, they were soon applied to interpretation of projective measures. A
computerized system for interpreting the Rorschach

How Personality Testing Is Used On A Daily Basis
Personality testing is used on a daily basis in all areas of psychology. These tests evaluate and
measure traits, values, attitudes, personal identity, and many more aspects of an individual's
personality (Cohen, Swerdlik, & Sturman, 2013). Such assessments as the Thematic Apperception
Test, Neuroticism, Extroversion, and Openness inventory and the Psychopathic Personality
Inventory are instruments, which assist the psychologist in assessing an individual's personality. The
following paper will discuss each of these tests.
Thematic Apperception Test Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a personality assessment
instrument. Created in 1935 by Henry Murray and Christiana Morgan the purpose of the test is to
reveal the participants emotions, drives, personality conflicts, personality complexes, and sentiment
(Swartz, 1978). The original format of the TAT test can still be found. Psychological testing allows
the researcher to collect comprehensive information, which is necessary to formulate an appropriate
treatment plan (Verdon et al., 2014). The following section will review the TAT assessment, and its
relevance to the field of psychology.
Test Purpose and Procedures The 1978 Review of the Tat completed by Jon Swartz evaluated the
internal integrity of the test. TAT is an assessment, which utilizes pictures and storytelling abilities.
The participant is shown one of 20 pictures and asked to use his/her imagination to derive a story
about the portrayed characters

Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Group

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Lauren Barker

More from Lauren Barker (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Group