Explain The Key Features Of Two Therapeutic Models (Cbt...

Explain the Key Features of Two Therapeutic Models (Cbt...
Explain the key features of two therapeutic models (CBT AND TA) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (also known by its abbreviation CBT) was
primarily developed through an integration of behavior therapy (first popularized by Edward Thorndike) with cognitive therapy (developed by Aaron
Beck and Albert Ellis). The first discrete, intentionally therapeutic approach to CBT to be developed was Rational Emotive Therapy (RET), which was
originated by Albert Ellis, Ph.D. in the mid–1950's. Ellis developed his approach in reaction to his disliking of the in–efficient and in–directive nature
of Psychoanalysis. The philosophic origins of RET go back to the Stoic philosophers, including Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius. While rooted in rather
different... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
TA is a social psychoanalysis and a method to improve communication. Berne wanted a theory which could be understood and available to
everyone and began to develop what came to be called (TA). The theory outlines how we have developed and treat ourselves, how we relate and
communicate with others, and offers suggestions and interventions which will enable us to change and grow. Transactional Analysis is underpinned
by the philosophy that: people can change we all have a right to be in the world and be accepted Initially criticised by some as a simplistic model,
Transactional Analysis is now gathering worldwide attention. It originally suffered much from the popularised writings in the 1960s. Also,
summarised explanations, such as this, which can only touch on some of the concepts in Transactional Analysis, led their readers to believe that
there was very little to it. Many did not appreciate the duration and complexity of the training. Transactional Analysis first order structural model
Berne devised the concept of three ego states to help explain how we are made up, and how we relate to others. These are drawn as three stacked
circles and they are one of the building blocks of Transactional Analysis. They categorise the ways we think, feel and behave and are called Parent,
Adult, and Child. Each ego state is given a capital letter to denote the difference between actual parents, adults and
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Psychodynamic Therapeutic Approach
The choice of therapeutic approach is critical to the effectiveness of any therapeutic plan. In some cases, a particular approach has become a universal
standard: such as cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of phobias. More often, there is a range of potentially suitable approaches. Numerous
factors constrain the possibilities: the nature of the presenting problem or psychological issue, the client's level of commitment to change, whether the
client is an individual, family, or group are all factors. Practical considerations are also relevant: the cost of treatment and limits of insurance coverage,
the duration of sessions and total length of treatment, and legal or institutional constraints. The client's preference is also extremely... Show more
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The individual format would be ideal. Family therapy would be impractical since my daughter is already an adult. A group therapy format would not
be conducive to the depth of personal insight expected. The brief format, preferably with around 12 weekly sessions, would be more feasible than
going through years of therapy. Psychodynamic psychotherapy is particularly well suited in my case since it emphasizes the client's relationship with
the primary caregiver. This would be my mother and the issues surrounding her death. Another approach might be advisable if there were issues of
substance abuse, mental illness, or a trauma–related disorder such as post–traumatic stress disorder (McDaniel, Lusterman, & Philpot, 2001;
Rothschild, 2000). My goal in seeking therapy would be to attain greater insight into the significance of my daughter–mother relationship and how her
death has impacted me. Improving my coping skills might be a part of the picture. Since many years have passed since my mother's death, immediate
grief support and management would not be a pressing concern. In short, since my primary therapeutic goals would revolve around self–understanding
of my relationship with my mother, brief psychodynamic psychotherapy would be a perfect

The Importance of Diversity in Counselling Contexts Essay
C0602– Counselling contexts
Tutor: Kevin Hogan
Submission date: 31st May 2013
'The importance of diversity in counselling contexts'
The importance of diversity in counselling has been the subject of much research over the last 50 years Patterson (1996) and is aimed at preventing
inequalities among different population groups regardless of ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, social class, age, physical abilities and religious
beliefs/beliefs. (Patterson, 1996)
When considering the different contexts in which counselling takes place, diversity appears to be the most distinguishing factor that is linked to client
satisfaction Hankins (2007) and is aimed at providing a more 'universal system of counselling'. (Patterson, 1996, ... Show more content on
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Systematic family therapy is aimed at professional counsellors and healthcare staff offering counselling skills. Its origins derived from earlier works in
the 1950's Stratton (2011) and the emphasis of systematic therapy was placed on understanding psychological difficulties within relationships (Boston,
2000). Systematic Family therapy has being identified as very effective (Stratton , 2011). However some criticisms suggest that it may be less effective
than individual therapy if working with children or adolescents (Stratton, 2011).
Religious settings highlighted that only professional counsellors belonging to professional bodies offered counselling services (West, 2001; Rye et
al, 2000 and Thorne, 1991). It was also emphasised that although counselling in Britain is not underpinned by religion Woodruff (2002) that it does
have its 'roots in religious forms' (West, 2001, p. 415). For example the act of forgiveness was seen as a key competent of spiritual pastoral care
West (2001) and also was identified to be used amongst many therapist today (West 2001). It was also suggested that pastoral counselling played a
large part in the establishment of The BACP West (1998) which is the ethical framework that counsellors are required to adhere to. (Moore &
Roberts, 2010)
The benefits of religious counselling is it's proven efficacy Nathaniel (2005) that illustrates clients as experiencing a greater feeling of closeness within
the

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Theory Critique on:
Cognitive Behavioral and Reality Therapy
Liberty College
Debra Borzym
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Aaron Beck is known as the pioneer of cognitive therapy, which has been a
utilized approach to psychotherapy. Beck attempted to further Freud's theory of
depression; however, the research moved more towards errors in logic, coined "cognitive distortions" which were deemed the basis of underlying
dysfunction and depression. The fundamental aspect of cognitive therapy, which later integrated components of behaviorism, was the carry–over of
negative beliefs that reflected the individual's pathological behavior. In addition to Beck, Albert Ellis contributed to the development of a cognitive...
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Challenge and action towards unfair and unjust treatment of others has been the foundation for socialized modifications in society. If people did not
question social unfairness then there would have never been righteousness or change. Jesus Christ went against the values of the people of his time.
He went out into the world and offered others a different way to live. He accepted others, such as Mary Magdalene for whom they were and did not
judge nor persecute them. Cognitive behavioral theory focuses more thought and actions, which eliminates a judgmental stance that can be defeatist
to client esteem. The client in essence can perceive this as accepting, just like Jesus, which can be fertile towards the client having esteem in him or
herself. That esteem can motivate action and change. The client in essence will "move a muscle to change a thought". Lastly I have mixed views on
the use of confrontation in this therapy. If done correctly this practice can promote change but I question what right a counselor has on saying what
is healthy or unhealthy for a client. This is why I see the therapy as limited There are times when a client is facing immediate crisis and does not have
time to explore and connect piece of the past to promote the needed change that's why I feel this therapy can be appropriate. At the same time a present
issue may go unresolved if the client is unable to "connect the dots" which show a history of dysfunctional

Personal Theory of Counseling Essay
Personal Theory of Counseling
Meaghan O'Reilly
Counseling and Psychotherapy Theories
COUN–6722–35
Dr. Bob
Today, the majority of counselors and therapists operate from an integrative standpoint; that is, they are open to "various ways of integrating diverse
theories and techniques" (Corey, 2009b, p. 449). In fact, a survey in Psychotherapy Networker (2007) found that over 95% of respondents proclaimed
to practice an integrative approach (cited in Corey, 2009b, p. 449). Corey (2009a; 2009b) explains that no one theory is comprehensive enough to
attend to all aspects of the human – thought, feeling, and behavior. Therefore, in order to work with clients on all three of these levels, which Corey
(2009b) asserts is necessary for the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, people, including mental health professionals, possess a range of qualities. No one is just warm and accepting or just confrontational. We all
possess these qualities to a certain degree. Therefore, to be genuine with our clients it is necessary for us to display these different parts of our
personalities at different times. Second, although a client may come to counseling broken and hopeless and require a supportive, accepting, and warm
counselor, if this relationship continues the client may never be pushed to make any real change. After the development of a strong working alliance
between the therapist and counselor, it may (or may not) be necessary for the counselor to challenge or confront the client in some way to provoke
change. It depends on the person. I agree with Lazarus completely when he says that a skilled mental health professional will know when to be warm
or tough, when to confront a client or not, and when directive or non–directive (p. 458–459). Clients, because they each have their own unique identity
that has been influenced by more factors than one can count or even identify, will respond differently to different relational styles, techniques, and
treatments and this may change throughout the counseling process. In my opinion, it is the counselor's job to know which approach or technique
should be used to be the most effective with a particular client. Although I ascribe to the idea

Characteristics Of An Effective Counselor
Characteristics of an Effective Counselor
DesirГ©e M. Ericksen
Liberty University
Abstract
This paper reviews four published papers and/or studies that have researched the characteristics of effective counselors. Each of the papers/studies list
their own set of characteristics, but share a common thread of empathy, compassion, warmth, genuineness and emotional stability. After reviewing each
paper and research study, additional analysis was applied to the above five characteristics with the hope of creating a more thorough understanding of
what characteristics will assist in the journey of becoming an effective counselor.
Characteristics of an Effective Counselor Counseling is an age old profession. A counselor is "someone who is... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
& Brown, 1996).
First, to understand the importance of a counselor's characteristics, it should be understood that a counselor uses him/herself as a tool in assisting
clients in various ways. Carroll stated:
When human beings [counselors] work they use themselves as the main focus of their work, they infuse themselves into it, they become it; it is them
at work, not just work done by them. Their work changes from being a job, or indeed even a career, to becoming an extension of themselves, of who
they are. (Carroll, 2001, p. 77)
Therefore, empathy, genuineness, warmth, compassion and emotional stability are not only characteristics of effective counselors, they should be
considered the foundation of what a counselor is.
Literature Review
Carl Roger's (1957) wrote an article for the Journal of Consulting Psychology to help address the conditions necessary for therapeutic change. Rogers
listed six conditions of which three conditions are specifically applied to the therapist: "unconditional positive regard, empathetic understanding, and
congruence" (Rogers, 1957) Rogers expounded on congruence as being the most significant quality by saying
The third condition is that the therapist should be, within the confines of this relationship, a congruent, genuine, integrated person. It means that within
the relationship he is freely and deeply himself, with his actual experience accurately represented by

Personal Internship Analysis
Personal Internship Supervision Model
According to Loganbill, Hardy, Delworth (1982), and Stoltenberg (1981), "At the advanced student level, an essential characteristic, according to our
informants and other formulations, is the student's variable confidence, the duality of feeling confident and professionally uncertain at the same time"
(as cited in Ronnestad & Skovholt, 2001, p. 400). This analysis suggests that there is a probability for an intern to feel professionally insecure and
confident simultaneously. Therefore, the supervisor's role becomes crucial.
The personal internship supervision is an integrative model where the supervisor integrates her role of a counselor, consultant, and a teacher based on
the situation or the caseload. During the internship process, it was noticed that the supervisee felt vulnerable about the paper work, but was confident
in building therapeutic alliance with clients. Therefore, the supervisor made conscious efforts to understand the supervisee's attitudes and
conceptualizations of the problem. She relentlessly asked questions and concerns. The supervisor provided opportunities for the supervisee to
voluntarily reflect on the each week's progress. In the case where the client appeared to be difficult, the supervisor exemplified patience.
As stated by Ronnestad and Skovholt (2001) the development stages of the supervisee during internship when corresponds with the relationship between
therapy and supervisor helps the therapist

Proposal On Person Centred Therapy
Biljana van Rijn, Ciara Wild Transactional Humanistic and Integrative Therapies for Anxiety and Depression: Practice–Based Evaluation of
Transactional Analysis, Gestalt, and Integrative Psychotherapies and Person–Centered Counseling Analysis Journal Vol 43, Issue 2, pp. 150– 163.First
Published October 2, 2013https://doi.org/10.1177/0362153713499545
These studies show the evidence base for the effectiveness of transactional analysis psychotherapy These scale studies have also showed the
effectiveness of short–term transactional analysis for the reducing the distress, depression and anxiety symptoms. The studies have also demonstrated
the analysis, gestalt, and person centered and integrative counselling psychology have comparable ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hussain, N., Sprague, S., Madden, K., Hussain, F. N., Pindiprolu, B., & Bhandari, M. (2015). A comparison of the types of screening tool
administration methods used for the detection of intimate partner violence: a systematic review and meta–analysis. Trauma Violence Abuse, 16(1),
60–69. doi: 10.1177/1524838013515759
The authors of this recently published review paper studied the outcomes of six randomized control trials. These trails used several tools for screening
to identify Intimate partner violence. Specifically, they were interested in examining the rates of intimate partner violence disclosure among adult
women when computer– 18 assisted, self–assisted, and face–to–face interview screening were used to disclose intimate partner violence. There were no
significant differences in the outcomes of the study when compared to studying the women who were screened face–to–face than those that used
self–administered screenings. The studies did show however, that studies which used a computer–assisted screening tool had greater odds of disclosure
more than the face–to–face interviews. Given the sensitivities of disclosing intimate partner violence, this data suggests methods by which screening
women may be advantageous. This study relevancy is important due to the data on the research on the best participants in a study on victims of
intimate partner violence.
Lacey, Krim K

Harm Reduction: A Continuum Of Care
The title of my proposed capstone project is: Harm Reduction: A Continuum of Care. Harm reduction is an alternative treatment approach which
focuses on decreasing the hazardous consequences of a client's substance abuse and high risk behaviors rather than stressing abstinence as its primary
objective. Its proponents advocate a client directed intervention which emphasizes their quality of life, overall wellbeing, and informed participation in
the therapeutic process. It is a philosophy which has been applied to substance abuse treatment, public health policy, and psychotherapy (integrative
harm reduction psychotherapy) with empirically supported results. I chose to investigate this topic because I would like to gain a greater understanding

Essay Systems and Multi Cultural Approaches p
Systems and Multi–Cultural Approaches Darla K. Parido
CJHS 400
November 17, 2014
Justina Smith
Systems and Multi–Cultural Approaches
Systems Theory Definition The systems theory of psychology uses multifaceted systems to discover behavioral pattern and the human experience. "The
technique relies on identifying specific behavior patterns and how each member responds to anxiety within the dynamic. By doing this, the individual
participants can begin to understand and transform their patterns to more adaptive, productive behaviors" (GoodTherapy.org, 2014 p. 1).
Multicultural Approaches Definition The Multicultural Approach topsychology is a "systematic study of all aspects of human behavior as it occurs in
settings where people of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gay/Lesbian The Approach – David is a young man who has been quite successful as a personal trainer at a local gym. He recently ended a
relationship with a man he met at work but is being emotionally blackmailed to stay in this relationship. His partner Jason has threatened to tell other
people that David is gay. David worries that co–workers will look unlikely towards him if they were to find out that he is a homosexual. His other
worry is a warrant for possession with intent to distribute narcotics and if he has to service jail time how other inmates would treat him if his
homosexuality was found out. I believe that the best course of action for David would be Gay Affirmative Psychotherapy. Why use this approach – With
this client I would use Gay Affirmative Psychotherapy. This therapy focuses on empowering the client to embrace their homosexuality and overcoming
the stigma of being gay. Through this therapy we will discuss how to "cope with prejudice, discrimination, and violence in both their families and
within the general society" (Jones–Smith, 2012, p. 387). In regards to the possible treatment while in jail, we would get in touch with the correctional
multicultural therapist to see how David can acclimate to prison life and still be true to his identity without fear of retaliation from other prisoners.
Religious
The Approach – Layla is a middle aged female of the Muslim faith. She will be serving 30 days in jail for theft and is worried about

The And Process : Power Of Support
Psychoeducational and Process: Power of Support
Death of a loved one can be overwhelming. The world changes for those in grief. While some may be grateful that loved one is no longer suffering,
countless others were not prepared for a family member or friend's life to end. Maybe the death was sudden or sudden, the child died, nobody can
prepare those left behind for the anguish of experiences. Grief often lies beyond words, beyond the simple explanation of of our conscious minds. It is
in the unconscious, the mystery of life, that expression the deep wounds and traged of lossis found (Earl, 2007).
Group Type
Population of Intend Serves
Number of Session and Length of Sessions
Plan to Approach Diversity Concerns
Group Approach with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As far as treatment focuses on personal goals and relationships. The fundamental principle of CGT is grief is a natural, adaptive process. As a result,
treatment of clients with complicated grief (CG) involves removing the disablements to a successful resolve of the grieving process. Through a variety
of loss and restoration–approach methods, the group leaders, simplify, the progress of grief to help the clients come to terms with death (Wetherell,
2012).
Integrative
Cognitions play a central role in behavior, comments Corey, Corey, and Corey, (2014); it has rewards, it allows a flexible and characteristic of
understanding each member's, problems regardless of their grieving process. Thereby, concentrating on different diverse chooses from many
approaches and groups of methods (Corey et al., 2014). For this reason, one of the best–known theoretical approachs, is the integration process. in
addition to, have mixture of methods (Dluhy, Saiger, & Rubenfeld, 2007). For this reason, the goal of creating an unnoticeable framework produces a
two or more theoretical approaches, under the belief that the outcome will be comfortable than theory alone. Thereupon, highlighting, the fundamental
of emotion–focused therapy (EFT), which is the role of emotion, in psychotherapeutic change
Existential Therapy
Existential can be definite as faith, lies, and philosophic anthropology to convey its meaning. The existential approach

Person Centred Therapy Offers the Therapist All That...
In the field of Counselling and Psychotherapy there are many differing theories which are used to help those who seek counselling including Person
Centred Therapy.
Person Centred Therapy has been described as one nation, many tribes by Pete Sanders. In many parts of the world Person–Centred Therapy (PCT) is
seen as a family of therapies, including Experiential Psychotherapy and Focusing. Closely associated with PCT are Existential Therapy and various
integrative approaches. Since Carl Rogers' death, there has been much debate regarding what can and cannot rightly claim to be called 'Person–Centred
Therapy. 'Proponents of the differing Tribes argue for their schools of thought. (Warner 2006). At the heart of all the differing thoughts... Show more
Many critics of the theory have misunderstood Roger's concepts and commented that this is outmoded today, and according to Bohart (2007) the critics
were saying that it "glorifies the individual at the expense of others".
Wilkins (2003) argued that Roger's concept of self–actualization is culturally biased, reflecting a Western cultural emphasis on the separate,
autonomous individualistic self. However, Bohart states that Roger's concept of self as culture–specific is compatible with cultures which view the self
in relational rather than individualistic terms, and even cultures that have no concept of self. Self–actualizations means enhancing or actualizing the
self as the self is defined for that person and culture.
Roger's did believe that the tendency of actualization of a person in therapy was to always go in a positive pro social direction, but critics state that it
may lead to self centred narcissistic behaviour (Bozarth and Brodley, 1991). Roger's recognized that environmental and social factors (introjected
conditions of worth) could inhibit or distort the process of actualization so that a negative rather than positive outcome may occur, but also that the
fully functioning person is 'soundly and realistically social' (Rogers 1961 c)
Rogers postulated that therapeutic movement will only occur if, and only if, 6 conditions were in place between the therapist and client.
The first condition of Person centred therapy is that therapist and client should

Integrative Therapy And Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Jenna Donaldson Theoretical Orientation Paper California University of Pennsylvania Introduction At the beginning of the semester I took the
theoretical orientation scale to see what theories I closely align to. I found out that my top three theories were integrative, strengths–based, and
person–centered. However, after discussing play therapy and cognitive–behavioral therapy I have decided that I feel aligned to those theories as well.
Integrative Therapy Approach It did not surprise me that I scored the highest in integrative therapy. Since I started studying psychology in my
undergraduate classes, I knew that it was important to incorporate more than one theory, I just did not know which ones I liked the best. Now that I
have learned about the different theories and I know which ones I align to; I know what my integrative therapy approach will be. Although I do not
fully what the integrative therapy approach entails before, Jones–Smith (2016) describes "it represents openness to different ways of integrating diverse
therapy theories and techniques" (p. 16). To me this means that you are open and willing to accept and incorporate different aspects of different
theories to better suit your clients. I think that it is very important to be flexible in your counseling techniques because no two people are alike
especially when counseling. So far, I like the strengths–based, person–centered, play/arts, cognitive–behavioral, and family therapy. Strengths–Based

Examples Of Integration Model Of Smith
2.4 Integration model of Smith
2.4.1 The view of human nature
Smith's (as cited in Joubert, 2015, pp. 22) view of human nature includes several aspects which will be briefly mentioned. Smith accepts the following
view of God as true: God exists as the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, God is almighty and all–knowing, God is merciful, compassionate, personal,
and sovereign, He cannot be transcended and He is personally involved in His creation. Smith (as cited in Joubert, 2015, pp. 22) further believes that
the universe and the earth is the home of all living organisms, and was created by God for a specific purpose and testifies to the glory of God. God
not only created the universe but also all living organism of which humans form part, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In conclusion of this discussion Smith's integration model will be assessed according to how it addresses the questions as set out by Farnsworth with
regard to implicit and explicit tensions experienced in integration.
2.4.6.1 Methodology
In his model Smith (as cited in Joubert, 1999, p. 255–276) examined the theological methods, such as prayer and bible study before integrating the facts
that they produce into his view of psychotherapy (view 2.4.5). Smith does not explicitly refer to theological methods, however the approach to various
psychological techniques (such as cognitive behaviour therapy techniques) is Biblically based (the concept of Agape–love). Smith's (as cited in
Joubert, 1999, p. 255–276) model of integrative therapy demonstrates how a transformed psychology enhances the quality of integration.
2.4.6.2 Truth
Smith's (as cited in Joubert, 1999, p. 255–276) model of integrative therapy indicates that one truth be truer than the other, in this case the truer truth is
theology or the Bible. In Smith's model theology is the guardian discipline for protecting the truth, for example in Smith's view of personality (view
2.4.2) he used theology in order to enhance information discovered by psychology, and Smith added the following Biblically based need to Maslow's
hierarchy of needs: motivation through the work of the Holy

Understanding The HCAP Approach
The "HCAP" approach is one of the theories that are linked by other common factors, this kind of therapeutic approach encompasses the amalgamation
of theories (the ones that work best together), it is a blended therapy with an emphasis on the therapist being more like a mentor, positioned to solidify
the relationship (bond) between the therapist and the client or patient (Barclay, 2016, p. 22–23). Moreover, HCAP which stands for "hope,
commitment, accountability, and passion" is a technique that attempts to align the therapist with the client's basic human needs, such as, when hope is
well aligned with the therapist it provides a strong embrace on the client's ability to learn how to possibly turn any negative into a positive outcome
(Barclay,

Book Analysis in Apa
Book Analysis
Robert J. Barnett
Olivet Nazarene University
Theories and Techniques of Counseling II
MAPC 20 – PSYC 611
Professor Tina Burton
September 25, 2014
Certification of Authorship: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged
and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas, or words, either quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that
this paper was prepared by me specifically for the purpose of this assignment.
Robert J. Barnett
Introduction:
What Jim Collin's epic book Good to Great is to the business and leadership world, Len Sperry and Jon Carlson's book, How Master ... Show more
It addresses concerns that are increasingly important for the practice of psychotherapy today. Who are the master therapists and how did they develop
their expertise? What do they do? And, most important, how do they go about effecting significant change in their clients" (p. xxiii). Along the way
contrasts and comparisons are made between what lesser experienced (or less proficient) therapists might do with what master therapists might do
and why. The authors provide this overview: Chapter 1 provides a grand tour of the landscape of psychotherapy as it is practiced today. It describes
expertise in general and in regard to psychotherapy. It provides a profile of master therapists and how early life experiences and professional work
settings have influenced the development of their own expertise. The text in chapters 2–8 is centered around the extended case example. It will help
you understand all the aspects of the therapeutic process and how all the components of successful therapy fit together: the therapeutic alliance;
assessment of the client's change potential; clinician credibility; case conceptualization; interventions that foster first, second, and third order change;
monitoring and evaluation; and termination. It sets the stage for better understanding the transcribed therapy segments and the two sets of
commentaries. Chapter 9 lays out the necessary developmental tasks and

Integrative Psychotherapy Analysis
Integrative Psychotherapy grasps a demeanor towards the act of therapy that emphasizes the absolute assessment of every person. The integrative
strategy is stamped by uncovering a variety of methods for incorporating numerous speculation and strategies (Corey, 2013). It is a binding together
different approaching, and incorporating them that is basically the objective. The therapy will be fitting and successful if the client is feeling,
behavioral, intellectual, and physiological levels are working towards the best measure of life. This method energizes the wellbeing of the individual,
and identify with the person's identity, and the needs.
The incorporated approaches of therapy pulls from all angles, and contributes to helping the client

Psychology : Psychology And Psychology
Introduction
In the field of psychology there are several sub categories that tie into psychology. These sub categories may include but are not limited to psychiatry,
counseling, biopsychology etc. Now, when a client decides to come into a counseling session, the effectiveness of the counselor depends on the
psychotherapy method used. Psychotherapy is, according to apa.org, "is the informed and intentional application of clinical methods and interpersonal
stances derived from established psychological principles for the purpose of assisting people to modify their behaviors, cognitions, emotions, and/or
other personal characteristics in directions that the participants deem desirable". A psychotherapy is needed in order for the counselor to be effective
in understand how to help the client out of the situation/problem he or she is in. Now there are many different types of psychotherapies. These
different type of psychotherapies differ in many different ways, but it is also up to the counselor and how he or she chooses to use such a method to
help the client our of their problem. Psychotherapy in particular is Cognitive Behavioral therapy, also known as CBT. This method is used today, and
has had a huge impact in the field of counseling.
Introductions of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Robertson (2010, Pg. 7) goes to explain the origination of CBT. He states
"The philosophical origins of cognitive therapy can be traced back to the Stoic philosophers, particularly Zeno of

A Summary Of Integrative Psychotherapy
Integrative psychotherapy attempts to look at many schools and approaches in order to see what can be learned and gained from each one.
Psychotherapists who use an integrative approach are open to various ways of integrating diverse theories and techniques. Integrative psychotherapy
challenges to take a look at numerous ways, and approaches keeping in mind the end goal of the client. Their efforts to see what can be found out and
picked up from each one. Psychotherapists who utilize an integrative method are interested in different methods for coordinating various theories and
structures. The four common routes are Common factors, Theoretical integration, Assimilative integration, and Technical eclecticism (Corey, 2013).
Integrative therapist

Gratitude And Gratitude
In this essay will highlight all the areas of study and practice learned in the topics; gratitude, forgiveness, laughter, humor, guided imagery, meditation
music with and without lyrics, rhythm, tone, color, chakras, synchronicity, integrative health and integrative healing group sessions. Gratitude can be
defined as being grateful about an aspect or several aspects of life. Gratitude is a character that should rather be practiced on a daily routine. It can be
very easy to request gratitude theoretically as it is tough for human due to divided inner drive which in return bring conflicts from within. However, it
is. Theoretically, we should be grateful. With an intention to be better, human find it difficult to show gratitude due to their... Show more content on
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In return improved affect, lower psychological stress, reduced rates of illnesses, e.g., psychiatric, and physical closeness are achieved. Laughter is a
signal that plays a critical role in interactions and interpersonal relationships. It is believed to have evolved more than seven million years ago which is
certainly before the speech was conceived. There are many theories to explain laughter. However, it has been concluded that it was a form of
communication. Its importance as a social signal is certainly universally accepted. Laughing styles, however, vary with individual's sex and nationality.
It is used to fill conversational pauses and ultimately regulates flow. It has health benefits to the person producing it. Increased laughter increases heart
rate, oxygen consumption and respiratory rate which lead to muscle relaxation. It also reduces glucose levels and increases pain tolerance in children.
There are many classifications of laughter which include voiced, unvoiced chuckle, breathy nasal, etc. classified by different scientists depending on
functions which relate to each. Humor can be defined as ubiquitous activity by the human that show in all social interactions. It is a common
phenomenon that human laugh at anything funny, however, humor serves several serious cognitive and emotional events. Humour is brought about
by actions that defy expectation majorly jokes. Humor differs from laughter in that it

Person-Centered Therapy Approach
Counselors in this field have to be open–minded and especially nonjudgmental when working with the specific population of the field. Person–centered
therapy approach is useful as the role of the therapist in this situation. Clients in this population have already been judged by a jury and it is important
for the counselor to remain unbiased when providing services for these clients. The following paragraphs will explain various applications and
techniques that will be used for this integrative approach.
Person–centered therapy is well suited for group and individual counseling (Corey, 2013). Group and individual counseling are both used in the
institutional setting for incarcerated individuals. Furthermore, most parole boards require inmates

Integrated Approach For Counseling And Counseling
Integrated approach to counseling is when you combined theories to cover the clients' feelings, cognitive patterns, and behavior (Corey, Theory and
Practice of Counseling and Pschotherapy 8e, 2009). Each theory focuses one of these key components of a client but in counseling you need to focus
on each of these to fully help a client. The key to integrative counseling is to have multiple theories function in harmony (Corey, Theory and Practice of
Counseling and Pschotherapy 8e, 2009). Psychotherapy has four integration approaches; technical eclecticism, theoretical integration, common factors
approach, and assimilative integration. Psychotherapy integration is different than eclectic; which is when therapist use theories because it works and
uses no other reasoning when grabbing from multiple theories (Stricker, An Introduction to Psychotherapy Integration, 2001). Psychotherapy
integration goes past the single theory approach to examine what can be learned and combined with other theories (Stricker, Psychotherapy
Integration, 2010). Technical eclecticism is when a counselor uses their previous knowledge of a theory and experience combined with research to use
interventions on a client; this approach is thought of to be very close to eclectic practice (Stricker, Psychotherapy Integration ). Technical eclecticism
pull ideas from theories but do not necessarily subscribe to the original positions of the theory (Corey, Theory and Practice of Counseling and
Pschotherapy 8e,

A Study On Substance Abuse
When a client has a disorder, and goes to a therapist for help, would it make sense to help them using only one school of thought or many? In the
past, and even some today, therapist were trained in one school of thought and so they only used techniques from that one school to treat their clients.
Substance abuse does not just affect one category of people, and if we treat everyone as a 30 year old white upper class male/ female there are a lot
of people we would be leaving out. Our country is rich in different cultures and ethnicities, with so many it is virtually impossible to treat them all with
one set treatment method or technique. Some therapist realized a need for more diverse treatment methods and went on to get further training in other
techniques, this led to what we now call eclectic and integrative psychotherapy. In these forms of therapy, the psychologist borrows from different
approaches to therapy to better help a particular person. The integration of various schools of psychotherapy has been in the making for several
decades, the reason it took so long to be taken seriously is because of the competition between different schools. A good example of this is during
Freudian times when there were meetings on psychoanalysis, during these meetings each therapist would claim that they had found the best treatment
approach which caused arguments. These disagreements only multiplied once behaviorism was founded. One of the first attempts at combining
techniques was

Personal Theory Of Counseling Or Psychotherapy
ALTER THIS PAPER....IT HAS BEEN SUBMITTED TO TURN IT IN....USING IT VERBATIN WILL RESULT IN A 100 MARK AND
IDENTIFICATION WITH ANOTHER STUDENT PAPER...IN OTHER WORDS, YOU WILL BE FOUND TO BE COMPLETELY CHEATING
AND MAY BE EXPELLED FROM YOUR UNIVERSITY...I WOULD USE IT AS A GUIDE, A LAUNCHING POINT....SOMETHING YOU
COULD PARAPHRASE OR BORROW SOME IDEAS...
Personal Theory of Counseling or Psychotherapy
Personal Theory of Counseling or Psychotherapy
Personal Theory of Counseling of Counseling or Psychotherapy
Introduction
This application paper will discuss my personal theory of counseling or psychotherapy in a number of different areas. Specifically, I will discuss the
seven areas of interest. First, I will discuss and describe ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, any person who is motivated to become fully self–aware can do so thorough life experiences, including those experiences achieve in a
therapeutic milieu. Ultimately, each person is responsible for their own lives and the opportunities that are perceived by individuals are often stunted
because of an individuals life experiences, perceptions and feelings. While people seek to be connected to others as they are innately social and
through these social experiences shape their own personalities, lives and the world around them. Ideally, people can work toward achieving their lives
in ways that are integrated and fulfilling. It is thorough personal freedom and understanding of the self that this occurs (Corey, 2013).
My view of human nature borrows from person–centered therapy in that people are trustworthy, can solve their own problems and have potential for
growth (Corey, 2013a). It also borrows from the Rogerian view of human nature that is similar to Adler's beliefs that a person is responsible for
oneself and capable of growth, wellness and moving from a discouraged state to an encouraged state (Corey, 2013a). I also believe that people think
and feel the way they do because of their experiences. This includes past experiences in as much as the experiences influences the present and need to
be looked at to reveal truths for the individual. I

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Model Analysis
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) focuses on changing behavior by changing perception and proposes behavior is learned. When used as a treatment
for children, CBT teaches children to challenge thinking by understanding and acknowledging negative feelings and developing a positive attitude that
leads to problem–solving and emotional balance. Willing participation of the child is most effective when used with reinforcement and involvement of
parents. Counselors must have a clear understanding of the complexities of this treatment from an integrative, contextual, and multicultural perspective
since the personal and environmental experiences of the child are the framework for change through knowledge and self–awareness. The greatest
change reflects... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
42). In a 2007 interview, Glasser noted, "People have nothing wrong with their brains, they have a lot wrong with their lives." Glasser believed by
improving the relationship you also improve mental health by following the Choice Theory (Onedera & Greenwalt, 2007, p. 89). Reality Therapy is
not thought to be suitable for earlier therapeutic intervention. However, this process is found to be helpful later when "teaching social skills, which
help except logical consequences of behavior by taking responsibility for their actions and is useful in social skills training" (Geldard et al., 2014, p.

Cbt Principles And Family Systems Theory
1.Discuss the integration of CBT principles and family systems theories. From a Christian world view perspective integrating the pragmatic approach
of CBT with the relational methodology prevalent in family systems theories just seems like a sound idea. Christians express that mankind is created in
the image of God and exhibit the relational quality found in Him. Therefore, combining the two modalities would benefit clients in that change is
sought with CBT from an "outside–in" orientation and with family systems from the "inside–out". CBT is based on the dynamic formulation of
patients' problems and an individual conceptualization of each patient in cognitive terms (Beck, 2011). However, changing only one part (i.e., the
individual) of the whole (i.e., the family unit) may be difficult at best or impossible at worst if the presenting problem is not conceptualized to include
how familial relationships, patterns, communication, and behaviors affect both inter– and intrapersonal skill deficits. By integrating CBT and family
systems theories the individual and the family can learn to recognize how certain behaviors impact different parts of the family unit. Moreover,
numerous techniques can be implemented such as behavior and anger management, emotional regulation, problem–solving skills, social skills training,
cognitive restructuring, and active listening (Beck, 2011) to assist the family unit with becoming better adjusted as a cohesive entity. Instead of treating

An analysis of Schools of Psychotherapy as they relate to...
An analysis of Schools of Psychotherapy as they relate to Anger Management
Anger is a basic human emotion that transcends cultural boundaries. However, despite its universality, an exact definition agreed upon by all people is
lacking (Norcross & Kobayashi, 1999). Physiologically, brain centers in the amygdala are connected to anger processing. Because the information
processing that takes place in this brain structure is primitive, anger can be triggered inappropriately and without the individual's knowledge of the
cause. In psychodynamic terms, past events and experiences suppressed in the unconscious can be the source of generated anger. In
cognitive–behavioral terms, anger is described as an interaction of behavior, cognition, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, by exploring the various characteristics of the different schools of psychotherapy, similarities and compatibilities become apparent, which can
lead to a more integrative and eclectic approach to anger management.
The Psychodynamic Approach
The psychodynamic approach can be traced to Sigmund Freud in the late 19th century and the early part of the 20th century. He first concentrated on a
cathartic method to release repressed emotions associated with past experiences and then began to focus on a free association method and the
development of transference (Messer, 2001). Underlying the psychoanalytic perspective is the idea of the unconscious. The unconscious is where past
experiences and true emotions are hidden. Manifestation of an undesirable trait, such as anger, along with excessive use of defense mechanisms lead to
the assumption of a deeper conflict hidden within the unconscious. Psychodynamic techniques try to gain access to the unconscious and make the
patient aware of the underlying conflict (Phares and Trull, 2001). Among the emphases of psychodynamic therapy are a focus on the evocation and
expression of emotion to uncover the patient's unconscious issues, the importance of emotional insight in which the patient can experience and
comfortably understand his emotion, a concentration on a

Cbt For Depression And Parkinson 's Disease
Another study that shows the effectiveness of CBT took a look at the use of CBT for depression in Parkinson's disease. According to scientists
depressed patients with Parkinson's disease could show greater improvements in anxiety, quality of life, coping, and Parkinson 's disease symptoms if
treated with CBT. The purpose of their study was to examine the efficacy of individually administered cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT), relative to
clinical monitoring (with no new treatment), for depression in this medical population. For people with Parkinson's, depression is very common and it
is the symptom most often overlooked. Up to 60 percent of people with Parkinson's experience mild or moderate depressive symptoms. Research
suggests that the disease itself causes chemical changes in the brain that may lead to depression. Parkinson's affects many parts of the brain that are
important in controlling mood. One of these is the area that produces serotonin, a brain chemical implicated in depression. Another part of the brain
important in regulating mood, the frontal lobe, is known to be under–active in Parkinson's. Commonly prescribed antidepressants can help. In addition
to medications, cognitive–behavioral therapy has also been shown to help some people with Parkinson's. Other researchers have found that people with
Parkinson's who were depressed had more trouble with daily activities, and were more likely to begin medication for motor symptoms sooner than those
without

Goals Of Therapy
Practically, therapy is the process of meeting with a counsellor or psychotherapist for the purpose of resolving problematic behaviours, beliefs, feelings
and related physical symptoms (Ulman, 2001). The radical and visionary ideas of Ronald D. Laing that associated with the anti–psychiatry movement
challenged the psychoanalysis establishment, clamming that diagnosis was scientifically meaningless (Kotowicz, 1997). Laing (1964) argues that the
'mad' were sometimes saner than the 'normal' – he believes that the psychotic experiences may have healing dimension, and the psychiatrists are the
actual anti–psychiatry as their function has nothing to do with the healing (Laing & Cooper, 1964). Likewise, Arthur W. Comb, was a beacon for
humanistic education during the half of the 20th century, believes that the body gets well by itself, propelled by its own basic need (Combs, 1989)
(Murray, 1938). He assumes that the doctor could not cure the person, but to create conditions that will make it possible for the drive for fulfilment ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He debates that all the helping or human service professions are treatment goals are value oriented (Margolis, 1966). The therapeutic goals of should
be related to client needs and preferences, a modicum of jurisdiction and self–determines, not a function of a particular therapeutic approach or school
of therapeutic thought or professional ideologies (Levy, 1979). Bloom (1979) encountered Levy's thoughtful remarks in the professional means, his
doubt to counsel the delinquent or the criminal clients by letting their preferences unto themselves alone – society has not yet developed a satisfactory
instrument for collecting relevant opinions in the hope of competency and humanity (Bloom,

Dissociative Identity Disorder Summary
Article Summary
Dissociative Identity Disorder, also known as DID, is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder PTSD. This disorder will onset in childhood and is
treatable with several options, but in the last few years Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy, also known as EMDR has become an
acceptable treatment option. Using EMDR therapy the therapist can reinsert the memories of the traumatic childhood experience, this will allow the
patient to recognize and overcome the trauma (Fine & Berkowitz, 2001). This treatment will allow access to the trauma in each personality of the DID
patient while allowing the patient to overcome the trauma (Fine & Berkowitz, 2001).
EMDR treatment is powerful and great caution is to be exercised ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
EMDR therapy reintegrates the personality while helping the patient recover. EMDR teaches the patient skills, builds resources, applies protocols,
process past memories, identify triggers and provides a template for future behavior (Groenendijk, Gonzalez, Mosquera & Solomon, 2013). Treatment
results are often reevaluated to ensure treatment is effective and on course. This article focuses on incorporating EMDR in the first phase of treatment.
Using EMDR therapy can shorten the recovery period and allow the client to effectively heal. By applying the correct groundwork in treatment EMDR
therapy can be very effective in treating DID (Groenendijk, Gonzalez, Mosquera & Solomon,

Person Centered Therapy
Question: The topic chosen for your assignment is on Person centered therapy.
Write in 3 equal parts the following:
Briefly describe the key concepts.
Explain the strengths and weaknesses of this therapy.
How do you feel about the approach of this therapy?
Answer: Psychotherapy Networker conducted a survey in 2006 (as cited in Corey, 2009) identifying Carl Rogers as the single most influential
psychotherapist of the past quarter century. Using humanistic psychological concepts, Rogers formulated a person–centered approach to therapy.
According to Corey (2009), he believed that people are trustworthy and have the potential to understand themselves and find their own solutions to
problems without the therapist 's intervention. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another strength, according to Corey (2009), is that this model of therapy is safer than models that place the therapist in a more directive position such
as psychoanalysis. It stresses on working alongside clients instead of getting ahead of them with the therapist 's interpretations. Furthermore, the
Rogerian approach is versatile. Cain supports this by stating that extensive research shows person–centered therapy 's relevance to a vast range of
clients and problems of all age groups (as cited in Corey, 2009). It has also left an impact on counselling as its core conditions have become
universal to other therapies. The cognitive behavioural approach, for example, recognises the necessity of a therapeutic relationship that is built
upon trust and acceptance for its success. This versatility also stretches beyond counseliing. The concepts of the approach are commonly accepted
and widely adopted in other settings such as education, human relations and healthcare and are also applicable to one 's personal life (Corey, 2009).
In addition, this approach is still relevant today. This is due to Rogers ' expectation of the therapy to continue to evolve. In presenting his theory,
Rogers strived for others to view it as a set of guidelines for the development of the therapeutic process instead of a dogmatic set of rules to be adhered
to. (Corey, 2009). However, despite these strengths, the person–centered approach does have its limitations. Many clients

The Therapist And The Client
By incorporating CBT techniques, it would be important for the therapist to encourage the client to conceptualize what is causing his distress as well as
identifying and challenging any irrational and negative beliefs. The therapist and the client work together to establish what goals the client would like
to achieve in therapy in order change his mental state, rather than focusing on his depression in a negative manner. The ABC framework would be very
helpful in conceptualizing the client's problem by identifying the activating agent (A), the beliefs (B), and the consequences (C) that all lead to his
depression. Throughout the therapeutic process, it will be important to consistently re–visit goal setting and to continue encouraging the ... Show more
As a therapist, it is their ethical responsibility to abide by any and all codes involved in mental health counseling. According to the ACA integration of
study code, "In traditional, hybrid, and/or online formats, counselor educators establish education and training programs that integrate academic study
and supervised practice (ACA, 2014, F.7.d.). Therapists must fully educate themselves when integrating multiple therapies. It is important to
understand personal beliefs before incorporating the beliefs and techniques of different approaches in order for a therapist to know where they stand.
Much like individual therapies, integrated therapies comes along with its own challenges. Lazarus (1995) asks, "How is it possible to blend two
systems that rest on totally different assumptions about the meaning, origins, development, maintenance, significant, and management of problems?"
(Corey, 2013, p. 473). While many therapists are moving in the direction of integration, some may still find it to be unreliable and simply confusing.
Lazarus also argues that "basic concepts that may seem compatible often are, upon closer scrutiny, quite irreconcilable" (Corey, 2013, p. 474). Because
of beliefs like these, it may cause ethical concerns regarding the potential harm towards clients if integrating therapy is not applied properly.
Ethical issues will always arise when choosing a theoretical orientation. A

Types Of Integrative Therapy
What types of psychotherapy have known?
Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy focuses on changing thought and behavior patterns that maintain individual problems. The approach focuses on
dealing with the problem with which the client is involved in the current period of life (here and now).
Integrative Gestalt therapy deals with the multilayered human being: body, soul, spirit – the therapist is essential that man perceives through all the
components.
Logotherapy focuses on the meaning of human existence and the individual's search for the meaning. The will to meaning is a fundamental human
drivers that motivate them to work in the context of human spiritual dimension, which is different from the primary motivation needs or instincts.
Reality Therapy is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its aim is the integration of personality, which means the integration of emotional, cognitive and physiological systems of the individual, taking into
account social and spiritual dimensions.
Psychoanalysis can reveal the importance of the unconscious through free associations, dreams, fantasies, ideas, lapses and dynamics of interactions
between the analyst and analizandom, which we can translate to the understanding of the current problems.
Method to explore the psychological processes; This method is tied to the psychoanalytic setting with two orientations: free association and
interpretation of dreams.
The procedure for the treatment of mental disorders, which is also linked to the setting, with emphasis on the analysis of transfer, transmission,
resistance and techniques of interpretation.
The basic principles of psychoanalytical theories
Basic principles and assumptions of Freud's psychoanalysis are psychic determinism, the central importance of the unconscious, intentional
(purposeful) the nature of the behavior, development and historical approach.
Document

Reflection Paper On Cognitive Therapy
Reflection and Application Paper #8
Before the New Testament was written the Old Testament told the story of Creation, the Fall, and man's unsuccessful quest for reconciliation. However,
interspersed among the Scripture were numerous foreshadowing's of a Saving Grace who would reign on earth and deliver God's children from their
iniquities and break the shackles of sin. In the New Testament, John the Baptist more precisely exclaimed the coming of the One who would lead God's
children. A foundation was laid that set the stage forJesus' birth, ministry, death, resurrection, and ultimately His ascension. In a similar manner
McMinn and Campbell (2007) began their book by providing the necessary groundwork for their Integrative ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
114). Found within each domain is a descriptive manner in which a person mirrors our Father above. Moreover, McMinn and Campbell (2007) assert
that each domain is not to be viewed in a vacuum. That is, while each individual domain serves as a reflection of God "...it is essential in the IP model
to recognize that the domains are interconnected" (p. 115). Acknowledgement of this fact reveals the complexity of human beings and their
accompanying problems that they bring with them to the counseling session.
The primary difference between IP and non–IP is the view taken in regards to the third domain of relationships. Whereas both therapies agree with
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and core beliefs as being important when it comes to addressing the human condition, McMinn and Campbell (2007)
assert "that relational wounding is the primary source of human dysfunction and so the therapeutic relationship is of utmost significance" (p. 116).
Placing emphasis on the connections held between other people is highly representative of the nature of God and His desire for closeness and
fellowship with His children. I am in agreement with this approach not simply because many research studies indicate that the therapeutic alliance
predicts successful outcomes and a higher rate of client retention (Eyrich–Garg, 2008;

Psychodynamic Approach Case Study Cognitive Psychology
My clinical approach thus far is theoretically informed by behavioral, psychodynamic, and humanistic psychotherapy. Included in the foundation of my
theoretical orientation is the patient's biological, psychological, spiritual, and social experience. I have a passion for understanding clinical
effectiveness and aim to increase this in my work as a therapist. Thus far, I find the integrative approach has been effective within the practice of health
psychology. It allows for the flexibility and the ability to sophistically adapt within different contexts, settings and perspectives.
From a counseling perspective, my case conceptualization involves looking at the patient's strengths and areas that have not developed fully in relation
to their desired goals. I try to emphasize strengths and work patiently with any areas of development. I also try to understand how their environmental
and situational influences have affected their current issues. One of my first influences was the work of Carl Rogers, whose emphasis is on
unconditional regard for the patient and nonjudgmental listening. This humanistic approach has strongly informed my way of being with patients. I
have found that each patient has innate wisdom and a sense of readiness for certain experiences. What inspires readiness for treatment is deep listening,
appreciation, and empathy. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Being responsible and receptive of my influences towards the patient in both unconscious and conscious ways can help to eliminate unnecessary
impingements. I have learned that patients' may borrow some of the therapists strengths until they can form better coping mechanisms. Being a strong
therapist means I am still working on myself and can separate my own needs, wants and desires from the patients'. Creating a space that focuses
exclusively on them allows them to be seen for who they

Experimen Integrative Therapy In Family Counseling
There wasn't as much discussion on family systems therapy during our class meeting. However, Stan did mention that, if he were to ask his family to
meet with Dr. Corey, neither his dad nor his brother would likely be interested. Strangely, he thought his mom might accompany his sister, although I
find that hard to believe after hearing some of the things he has shared about her.
I did some research on it that night after our meeting and found some very interesting facts and statistics. Family counseling can only be effective when
all family members make the effort to be present. Once the clients are processing in family systems terms, it is expected that they can be more objective
and avoid some of the emotional reactions that might obstruct positive treatment. Beginning with a focus on the symptomatic issue, the hope is that the
system will start to reveal itself. It is then the task of the therapist to begin introducing a broader conceptualization of how the family members can and
should experience these as they arise. This approach can alleviate primary problems in family functioning, scapegoating, guilt and blame, lack of
empathy for differences, and nonfunctional rules, while forming new and better agreements for positive growth and functioning.
During the time a counselor spends with the family system and its struggles, they will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I got the idea from Dr. Corey's introduction of this theory that he uses it quite often. Bringing multiple psychotherapies together can mold affective,
cognitive, behavioral, and physiological systems within a person, bringing together an awareness of the social aspects of the person's surroundings.
This approach follows the concept that all people exist within a concept of human development in which each stage of life presents progressing tasks,
growing sensitivity to needs, disasters, and opportunities for new

Ontological And Epistemological Debate About The Nature Of...
Ontological and Epistemological debates about the nature of the therapeutic relationship.
'Existence' and 'Relationship'. Can these two concepts exist independently of each other without the presence of the one to be necessary for the
presence of the other? Is it possible for anything to exist without being related to anything else nor being perceptible by touch? Is it possible for
something to exist if it cannot be described nor being visually present, even though it brings out strong feelings and a sense of connection?
Epistemologically, everything we see (people, objects, etc.) exists only in relationship to something else.
As Cottone (1988,363) mentions, relationship is what we are born from, nurtured by and getting educated from. Our existence is defined within the
domain of the society, and it is within society where we interact with others, socialise and satisfy our biological needs. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
From the ancient years, the relationship between two people has healing properties and is the main influence for changes in people's lives.
Especially, in counselling and psychotherapy, the relationship between client and counsellor is the most significant part of the therapeutic procedure.
Many studies (Buborsky et al. 1983, O' Maley et al. 1983, Hill 1989) illustrate that it is the therapeutic relationship more that any other factor, which
determines the effectiveness of counselling therapy. Moreover, literature which reviews the way, in which clients experience the therapeutic process,
indicates that the many of the client's thoughts and feelings remain unspoken during the counselling sessions. (Dinnage, 1988, Mearns and Dryden,

Curriculum : The Fulfillment Of An Integrated Curriculum...
Curriculum in Higher Education
The main focus of this paper is to shed some lights on concept of curriculum through two aspects: the fulfillment of an integrated curriculum through
Doll 's lens as well as the importance of involving stakeholders in the development of curriculum. Learner centered curriculum is the initial aspect to be
examined because of its significance. "In my perspective, curriculum is an academic program which is implemented by educational institutions as a
plan for students. It involves courses that are necessary for the development of learning. The importance of curriculum lies in the fact that it is
established for students to be aware of what they are supposed to cover and what is expected from them to learn from the course proposed" (Wahba,
2016). Honestly speaking, my perspective about the definition and importance of curriculum has been changed as I thought that it is established for
students to be acquainted with the courses they are supposed to cover and what is expected and required from them to learn from the proposed courses
only, but I found out that curriculum 's significance has more expanded dimensions. After getting exposed to some theories and getting involved in a
rich discussion conducted by my professor in one of the classes of the Holistic Institutional & Individual Development in Higher Education course, I
started to change my view and assumptions about the way curriculum should be addressed and new aspects

Factors Role In Evidence Based Practice
Common Factors Role in Expanding Evidence–Based Practice
Since the establishment of psychoanalytic therapy, and throughout the modern era of psychology there has been a strong tradition of following one of
the Grand Theories. During this time, many practitioners exhibited considerable dogmatic allegiance to theoretical orientations (Norcross & Goldfried,
2005). As the field of psychology matured into the post–modern era, there has been a shift away from factionalism and parochialism toward one of
open dialogue (Safran & Messer, 1997). Norcross and Garfried (2005) highlight some contributing factors. For example, the explosion of new
therapeutic approaches and the realization that no theory is without flaws. The discovery that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, it will define the major approaches to integration.
Common Types of Psychotherapy Integration There are different approaches to integration. One popular method is technical eclecticism, which
emphasizes matching the client with the right intervention (Norcross & Goldfried, 2005). Proponents draw interventions from different sources. There
does not need to be a connection between meta–beliefs and techniques. Two examples are Lazarus's multimodal therapy and Beutler's systematic
treatment selection. A second system, the common factors (CF) approach, seeks to find core ingredients throughout all of the therapeutic models, with
the goal of creating more parsimonious and efficacious treatments (Norcross & Goldfried, 2005).
A third popular theory is theoretical integration (Norcross & Goldfried, 2005). Two or more therapies including the underlying theories and techniques
are integrated to form one new therapy. The goal is to create a conceptual framework that adopts the best elements of each theory. One example of
theoretical integration is cyclical psychodynamics which integrates both relational psychoanalytic and psychodynamic thoughts with cognitive
behavioral, systemic, and humanistic–experiential therapies (Wachtel, 2014). Wachtel describes bringing together different, but complementary
methods of therapy that developed outside of the psychoanalytic point of view. Combining different

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