Mayan Civilization Women Roles

Mayan Civilization Women Roles
The roles of women in three distinct regions.
In the regions of Africa, Americans and Central and Northern Asia. These regions and the countries that inhabit them. Each of these places is important
nonetheless there are some countries in these regions that the role of women remains a bit in the dark when they should not be. Countries such as
Mexico, China and Egypt, albeit one may not comprehend on how the role women played were key to the territories they lived in the ancient times.
Unquestionably, in the following pages you will gain some knowledge of the role women played in the nations of Mexico, China and Egypt. To begin
things off, let us discuss the women of ancient Mexico to be more specific the Mayans. The Mayan Civilization was ... Show more content on
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Here is one such example "the financial condition of her parents was such that when a child she had to help in caring for the younger children,
carrying them on her back, ...work she was forced to do in the absence of household servants" Here we can gather that her role besides being an
obedient daughter is that one of a caregiver, she had to care for the younger children as well as do the roles a servant would normally do such as
cleaning the house and I am going to assume either doing the cooking or helping her mother cook. Another example of a different role the Empress
Dowager undertook is "chief characteristics of the Empress Dowager as a ruler––her ability to choose the greatest statesmen, the wisest advisers, the
safest leaders, and the best guides, from the great mass of Chinese officials" Here her part is that of a genuine ruler in light of the fact that being a
ruler she needs to think what is ideal for every one of her citizens and that means making smart decisions that are beneficial for all not just the upper
class but the middle and lower class as well. So now, we have an idea on what it was roles ancient Chinese women took. Now the last one the roles of
women in ancient Egypt and it is here where we have more knowledge on the women's roles than the Mayan's and
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Impact of the Boxer Rebellion on China and the Qing Dynasty
The Boxers throughout the length of the Rebellion aimed to influence and enforce their views upon the Chinese people and the ruling Qing dynasty.
This group, comprised primarily of adolescents from Northern China, aimed to rid their country from economic manipulation, political invasion, the
influence of foreign ideas and to eradicate Christianity from China. These aims were conveyed through a series of significant actions performed
between 1899 and 1901 which included those such as: attacks on Chinese Christians both directly and indirectly, the politic massacre of foreigners and
foreign diplomats, the assault on foreign legations and their 55–day long siege of Beijing.
The compilation of these events led to a significant but ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This particular action impacted on the Qing dynasty as it now had to formally acknowledge in which side it was support of, punishing the Boxers
would mean the Qing was in the alliance with the foreign while not punishing them would mean the opposite as the Qing would have to respond to the
outrage of the foreigners. A week later, Empress Ci Xi announced that she would fight the foreigners with the help of the

Qing China History: Challenges from the West Essay
With the conclusion of the Arrow War (1860), China realized that her position was challenged by new forces from the West. Her supreme power was
shattered, her material resources were limited and her territories were exposed to foreign aggression. Moreover, China at the same time suffered from
government disintegration, financial chaos, corruption, natural disasters and peasant revolts. Some conscientious officials came to realize immediate
measures had to be taken to strengthen the country and to adjust her to the modern world. Therefore a series of reform movements were carried out for
the sake of internal re–construction and national defense. However, through out the reform movements, there were voices from different classes in...
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Especially after the Taiping Rebellion, China saw the effectiveness of Western weapons and was convinced that certain Western techniques would have
to be adopted. It was under this background that the Tongzhi restoration was carried out. On one hand, to revive Confucianism as to purify the state
bureaucracy. On the other hand, to introduce modern technology and skills to China . This was a completely new attempt because western advance
technology was adopted in the program. Later, the Self–Strengthening Movement was carried out to implicate these changes more deeply. As a matter
of fact, there were some far–reaching scholars who proposed a comprehensive reform to save China. Lin Zexu (1785–1850) first championed the idea
of learning about the West. He proposed translating western books, building shipyards and arsenal. Wei Yuan (1794
–1856) urged that it was essential to
learn the superior techniques of the West to control them and these techniques were warships, firearms and methods of maintaining soldiers. Other
scholars like Xu Jiyu (1795–1873) and Feng Guifan (1809–1874) were also far–sighted enough to recognize the importance of western science. In
addition, reform leaders were available. Prince Gong and Wenxiang were the chief promoter of the movement. They thought that China must adopt
western firearms and ships to guard herself against future humiliation. Provincial authorities such as

Movie Review : Once Upon A Time Essay
Once Upon a Time in China Mini Research Paper
I watched a movie titled once upon a time in China directed by Tsui Hark. It is at the end of the Qing dynasty. The story happens in Foshan city,
Guangdong province, China. The main character is Huang Feihong who owns a martial art school. He is a martial arts coach in the military. He
tried to use his martial arts to save China and Chinese people. But the foreign nations signed a lot of unequal treaties with China. It is impossible to
save the country. The people in movie are wearing the unlined long gown. Also, there are a lot of European troops and American businessman are
messing around. The Qing government fully support the foreign nations. They can do whatever they want. Some of the Chinese people are working
for the foreigners and take advantage of that to bully Chinese people. 10% of the Chinese people are addicted in Opium at that time. "Sick Man in the
Asia" started to describe these Chinese people. The American businessmen are fooling the innocent Chinese poor people. Make them sign the contract
that make them become slaves. At that time, it was the gold rush period. They used these people to work in San Francisco( because in the movie they
called that place is "Jinshan" which is another name of San Francisco) in order to find more golds.
In the movie, The Self–Strengthening Movement was mentioned. It happened during1861–1895, was a period of institutional reforms initiated during
the late Qing dynasty . To make

Book Review on the Last Manchu
Book Review:
The Last Manchu Autobiography of Henry Pu Yi, Last Emperor of China
Edited by: Paul Kramer
Submitted by: Tiffany Joy A. Candelaria
2 History
I. Brief Summary
This book is an autobiography of a man who became The Emperor of the Manchu Dynasty, at two years of age, named Henry Pu Yi. He lived a life as
an emperor up until China's government became republic and seized his powers. Until then, he continued his life back in Tientsin and tried to
continue his legacy by being head of a Japanese puppet state. In spite of all his hard work, he still encountered a lot of temptations along the way and
problems which is the hardest to solve. This story narrates the unusual social transitions of a man who was born ordinary,... Show more content on
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Yuan Shikai agreed to the Republic and forced the last emperor of China, HenryPuyi, to abdicate on February 12.
V. Narration
After being selected as the Last Emperor of China by the ill Empress Dowager Tzu Hsi, Henry Pu yi at his childhood lived a lavish life not knowing
of what obligations will face him in growing up. At the age of 6 in the year of 1912, China converts to republic and the Ching Dynasty was forced to
abdicate.
As Pu Yi grows up he was free to do whatever he wants, living the life of an emperor but was locked up in theForbidden City deprived of the modern
customs. Guided by the British Tutor, Reginald Johnston, Pu Yi became so captivated to foreigners and believed of them as the wisest and most
civilized. Thus made him interested in Western things, and came up with his English name "Henry". He was married at 18 with two wives, Wen Hsiu
and Wan Jung.
On November 5, 1924 officials entered the palace with a revision of the "Articles of Favorable Treatment" that stated, the Emperor's position shall be
abolished making Pu yi an ordinary citizen. He was required to abandon the Forbidden City and sought asylum from the Japanese Embassy and soon
was sent to Tientsin.
It was in Tientsin that Pu Yi decided to go abroad but ended up staying there for seven years, in which he wavered back and forth between different

factions among his advisers.
In 1931, Japan occupied Machuria and Pu Yi was asked to be the Chief Executive and soon

Causes And Fall Of The Qing Dynasty
Between the years of 1646 to 1912, the Qing Dynasty proclaimed the longest ruling dynasty in China. Over the 275 years of ruling China, the
inevitable fall of the Qing Dynasty is still debated by historians. From key contributing factors such as internal crisis, inability to adequately cope with
foreign powers and incompetent rulers who were unable to rise from old tradition led to the collapse of the Qing Dynasty.
As early as 1793 the Qing Dynasty began to have trouble with their trades. When China began to work with the British for trade it became an exploitive
exchange from the British. Western trade was limited to the Southern port of Canton (Guangzhou).This was known as the Canton trade system period
(1757–1842). The Chinese government issued trading licenses exclusively to authorized merchants. These merchants would be the only ones allowed
to deal with Western traders. This system helped keep trade with foreign countries running smoothly and, by extension, helped to eliminate the
possibility of external threats. In Britain's case, as the demand for tea rose and the production of manufactured goods increased during the Industrial
Revolution, it wanted to develop and increase trading opportunities and to establish diplomatic relations with China. This led to Macartney's famous
British mission to China in 1793. China began to enforce rules that were as fickle as wind, England decided to send lord Macartney as an Ambassador
to Emperor Qianlong to negotiate safer and

What Are The Causes Of The Boxer Rebellion
The boxer rebellionв€’the fight between China and Western countriesв€’has been a debate since the end of 1901. Many people have been wondering
how the war happened and what were the reasons that lead to it. Although many researchers have showed the causes they have found, there will be
other research that disagrees with them. This paper mainly supports the claim that suggested the three major causes of the boxer rebellion, and refutes
the point that the new technologies and innovations that the West had introduced was not one of the causes. It will define three main causes that
leaded to the boxer uprising which were the personal and religious belief of Chinese people, the rise of Christianity, and the support of Qing dynasty. As
the result of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To be more specific, the new innovations such as trains, steamboats, and weaving machines made Chinese people lived more comfortable and sociable
with outsiders. While this position is popular, the Western machines were the reason that made people inChina lived uncomfortable, and created
disputes in the country. To illustrate, weaving machines introduced by Westerners had taken control over China's cloth industry. As the machines were
faster and more efficiency than normal humans, many people in China, especially women, began to lose their jobs (Boxer rebellion, nd.). Furthermore,
because of the construction of British train transportation, Chinese people began to lose their lands to the government (Theroux, 1989). Besides, when
Chinese people started losing their lands, people felt threatened from the changes that Westerners made. In the mean time, when the boxer rebellion had
occurred, destroying railroads that foreigners built was one of their aims (Tamura et al, 1997). Thus, although there were some advantages in the new
innovations and technologies that Westerners had introduced, they still affected China in miserable ways such as destroying their lands, creating
conflicts between Chinese people and Westerners, and cutting jobs from Chinese

Three Causes Of The Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising initiated in China, after the Chinese suffered many devastating defeats at the hands of foreign powers. Originating
in the 1900's, a secret organisation called the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, began carrying out attacks on Chinese–Christians and
foreigners. They became known in the West as the "boxers", for their martial arts fighting style. What caused theBoxer Rebellion? There were three
main causes.
The first cause for the Boxer Rebellion, was the anti–foreign stance in China. As a result of suffering humiliating defeats in both the first, and second
Opium wars, China was forced to grant concessions to foreigners. Furthermore, they had to sign the "unequal treaties" which allowed the West to gain a
significant amount of control over China. This left the Chinese population poverty–stricken, and angry at foreign powers. The economy became
disrupted by the arrival of modernity and industrialism. According to historian David Silbey "Many Chinese worked in industries that were disrupted
by the arrival of the railroad and the telegraph. There was a sense that China's balance had been thrown out of whack by these modern innovations, and
only by destroying the innovations and the foreigners who brought them could the balance be restored.". The Chinese regarded the West as "foreign
devils", and wished to retain sovereignty and independence. They were extremely nationalistic. Mark Twain addressed the boxer rebellion in 1900.

opium war Essay
The Opium War was a war fought by two countries Great Britain and china in 1839. The war was fought over the drug opium which was used by the
Chinese for hundreds of year to relieve pain. opium is a habit forming narcotic made from the poppy plant. In the late 1700's the British was smuggling
the drug into China for non–medical use. The navies of the two countries mostly fought the battles of the opium war at sea. Within three years the
Chinese's old ships were simply no matches for the brand new British ships. In 1843 the Chinese and the British signed the treaty of Nanjing. This
treaty gave the British the island of Hong Kong. In 1844 the United States of America and other countries gained extraterritorial rights. Which this ...
One of these positive results that occurred after the Opium war is the Spheres of Influence, which was a region in which the foreign nations controlled
trade and investment. The United States was afraid that the spheres of influence would eventually grow larger and the foreign nations would take
China over and shut America out. In 1899 the United States proposed the Open Door Policy which declared that all merchants of all nations where
allowed to trade with china. Although this policy sounded great for all nations China did not agree with the distribution of its country to every
European nation.
As there are positive results of the Opium War there are equally if not more negative results. One negative result of the opium war was the Boxer
Rebellion. This campaign was against Dowager Empress's rule and foreigners. In 1900 the boxers went into Beijing killing all whom where European.
The Empress supported the boxers but did not back up her word when the boxers needed military aid. In late 1900 20,000 troops marched into Beijing.
Soldiers' form Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Russia, Japan and the United States Quickly defeated the boxers. As seen many people
lost their lives because of the opium war.
AS seen there is many positive and negative aspects of the Opium War. Some of the positive results of the war have brought goods that we might not
have gotten if the war did not occur. The Boxer

The Last Emperor Essay
The Last Emperor: Truth and Misleading In 1987, a film came into theaters across the globe about China's last emperor. The Last Emperor, directed by
Bernardo Bertolucci, shows the life of Pu–Yi from when he enters the Forbidden City at age three to become emperor of China, to his final days as a
reformed man. The film, although it showed how China was during the Qing Dynasty in a fairly honest light, also had its downfalls. Many problems
plagues the last years of the Qing Dynasty, such as the Republic Revolutions, opium, warlords, and the confusing relationship with Japan and it's
government during this time. These issues were either not touched on or barely noticeable during the almost three hour long film. The story of Pu Yi,
China's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This caused the empress to grow an addiction and made Pu Yi look like a fool at a party. In general Chinese society opium made workers, traders,
merchants useless. With this China grew weaker as a country, making China an easy target for other countries to come in and gain power. The
warlords in China and Japan were great examples. In the film warlords were almost a constant mention, but it was never fully disclosed who warlords
were or what their purpose was during the dramatic changes in China. The Warlord Period, which was happening during Pu Yi's time as a figurehead,
not as an emperor, was a time of despair. Until the middle of the 1920s the warlords were a problem to the country of China. They became a danger
because "they now were the possessors of modern weapons, which united them with their suppliers, the Western powers, and gave them command
and money and resources." (Morton, 181) Warlords were a symbol of the confusion and misguidance China was under as reform in government and
the influence of other countries was taking hold. The Last Emperor merely mentions warlords in the film and leaves the viewer questioning why
these people are such a burden to China and what exactly they were doing to cause problems. Even so, they were discussed at proper times in the
film, giving the film historical accuracy on when warlords were prevalent and how the end of the warlord period ended with the rise of Japanese
power. Japan became very influential during the

Essay on The Boxer Rebellion in China
The Boxer Rebellion in China
"China never wanted foreigners any more than foreigners wanted China men, and on this question I am with the Boxers every time. The Boxer is a
patriot. He loves his country better than he does the countries of other people. I wish him success. The Boxer believes in driving us out of his country.
I am a Boxer too, for I believe in driving him out of our country" – Mark Twain, Berkeley Lyceum, New York, Nov 23, 1900.
The Boxer Rebellion soul purpose was to liberate China from foreign influence. Foreign capitalists dictated corrupt government officials and controlled
leading industrial parts of Northern China. Chinese overseers were upset over this issue and contemplated for a solution. A revolt was the... Show more
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The reason for their hatred of missionaries was that they were an insult to traditional Chinese culture. Also, some of the missionaries were dishonest
and tried to interfere in the politics of rural China. Rev. Dr. A Woodruff Halsey said "... The missionary has had his share in fomenting this trouble and
must bear his share of the blame. Some of the missionaries have been politicians as well as Christians, and their grasping, selfish attitude has helped to
bring about the present condition..."
The Boxers first wanted to kill all the foreign Christians in China, and they also wanted to get rid of their foreign, Manchurian, rulers; the Dowager
Empress and the Qing Dynasty which had ruled China for the past 300 years. However, the Dowager Empress was smart. She convinced the Boxers
that she was on their side and had the Boxers attack the foreigners instead. The Dowager Empress did not really want to kill all the foreigners though.
She tried to help them whenever she could. Sometimes the Qing Imperial army would attack the foreigners and they would help protect them from the
attacking Chinese Boxers.
The Dowager Empress did not trust the Europeans, Americans and Japanese very much. She thought that they were dishonest in their relations with
China, "... For the past thirty years [the foreigners] have taken advantage of our county's benevolence and generosity as well as our wholehearted
conciliation to give free rein to their unscrupulous ambitions. They have

Hyo Jinn: A Short Story
"Soooooooo, would you care to explain once more to why I should be helping you?" Hyo Jin, Lady for the House of Witches, recited while casually
strolling down a dark and empty tunnel. It was leading down to... well, she wasn't exactly sure. Following close behind was Sae Ron, future queen of
the entire Faerie Kingdom. It was an actual honor, seeing how few immortals – if any, honestly – ever got the chance to come in contact with the
princess. But knowing Hyo Jin, she didn't care for titles. Or people in general. "Because, witch, your life is currently resting in my hands." Physically?
No. Spiritually? Uh, okay. Maybe that one was partially true. (Mostly true.) Faeries came with nature–based traits such as fire, water, wind, and yada
yada.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She felt vulnerable, an emotion she despised feeling. Nope, it wasn't okay. If it were her, she wouldn't be in this type of situation in the first place.
Bitterness surged through. Originally, Hyo Jin was at a bar gaining actual information useful for the ingredients in her spell from a super cute
shapeshifter. By the way he was flirting with her, she knew the ache between her legs was going to be fixed momentarily. However, next thing she
knew, some bastard knocked her out, kidnapped her, and dragged her to some dark tunnel where she was currently residing. Once coming to, Sae
Ron was munching on bread and waving bored. "Oh. You're finally awake?" Apparently the bitch had one of her bodyguards "borrow" as she so
carelessly proclaimed, Hyo Jin. When the witch figured out which bodyguard brought her into this situation, she was going to turn him into a blob
fish or having boiling warts all over his body. Or, or do both! Make the bodyguard a wart–filled blob fish. Yeah, that sounded fun. Where were these
guys anyways? The witch and faerie were the only two in the tunnel, a bizarre fact, considering Sae Ron was the future queen and security should be
everywhere. The faerie king wouldn't exactly be pleased with the lack of

Causes Of The Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion was a renowned uprising that occurred in China from 1899–1901, however there have been many debates between historians
surrounding the possible causes that fuelled the rebellion. There were three major causes that may have encouraged the rebellion, these include
anti–foreign, anti–Christian and anti–Qing sentiment present within in the Chinese communities where Boxers originated from, such as Shandong.
Historians often question the different impacts and used a series of extended research to back up their view, this results in an unclear conclusion,
however there were some ideas that were more popular and sought out.
Possibly the most influential cause was China's long history of foreign interactions with Western ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another one of the most important causes of the whole rebellion, was the anti–Christian mindset that the Boxers had. This was closely tied with the
anti–foreign feeling present amongst the Chinese people. Western missionaries were a major contribution to the anti–Christian feeling as they
challenged many of China's traditions and pressured villages into building churches, this rivalled China's original religious and spiritual beliefs. After
the second opium war had ended, western missionaries were granted the right to travel freely within China, and Chinese people could practise
Christianity without a penalty. As a result, there was a lot of Western influence pressuring officials. Originally, Shandong was quite open to Christian
influence, however due to the German incident, Germans were granted the right to build churches as repayment. Hatred for the Christians accumulated
over the years, especially after Germans were given authority over Shandong. In other states as well, foreign missionaries erected churches on sites that
held religious and spiritual value, this triggered the Chinese to fight back. Incidences of local courts giving temples to the Roman Catholic authorities
to use as churches also led the Boxers to fight back. Anti–Christian feelings cumulated over the years, leading to the sudden uprising caused by the
tense relationship between the east and the west, and as stated by

The Boxer Rebellion : Myths And Symbolism
The third method that Paul A. Cohen uses is that of describing the Boxer Rebellion as a myth. Myths, or mythologization, is essentially the manner
in which later groups and people would use the Boxer Rebellion to suit their own ideals or social movements. Chen Duxia, future head of the
Chinese Communist Party, provided a scathing critique of the Boxers, especially regarding the 5 causes of their rise in power. Given the continuing
prevalence of these 5 causes, primarily religious beliefs, Chen warning of the possibility of a reemergence of the Boxers. If this were to reoccur, not
only would China need to contend with the shames of the past but, shames in the future (Cohen, pg.228–229). The myth of the Boxer Rebellion was
also primarily ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unlike Paul Cohen's History In Three Key: The Boxers as Event, Experience, and Myth, Escherick does not generalize his discussion into three broad
categories but, along multiple topics of discussion in order to create a traditional reconstruction of the rebellion itself. However, his in–depth analysis is
not simply contained within the general period of the rebellion itself but, of the entire 18th century also in a manner that is reminiscent of the long
duree (long–term) approach to histography form the Annales School of history. It is through here that the previously mentioned misunderstanding is
understood. In his first misunderstanding, Esherick discusses the local culture of Shandong and how the Boxer Rebellion was a manifestation of it.
Despite Shandong being the birthplace of the Confucian tradition, the province held a reputation of heterodoxy and sectarian rebellions for more than a
millennium. During the Zhou Dynasty (1027– 256 B.C) the region was the source of the Red Eyebrows Uprising, a rebellion instigated by shamans
(Qi–wu) who were the first practitioners of spirit possession (Escherick, pg.39). Another example of these sectarian rebellions occurred during the Han
Dynasty, who needed to contend with a major Daoist uprising. However, the rebellions that would eventually cement the Shandong region as a source
of sectarian rebellions would be the White Sect Rebellions of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. However, despite their influence, Escherick

The Roles Of Drama In Beijing And Opera's Peking Opera
During the 17th and 18th century, drama played a huge role in impacting the urban environment of Beijing and Edo, and its citizens. Drama,
transcended through the virtuality of fictional play and characters that come to parallel the everyday life of locals. Although Beijing and Edo are two
different cultural regions in the East, their similarity could be accounted for in their inclusiveness of the local commoners through applying the
worldview of lower rank members of society to execute the play. However, their differences lie in the Edoculture instilling a certain sentiment within
the urban people to act on social injustice or issues. Though drama in Beijing remains to be an instrumental tool for members of society to relay
messages, and act a means to communicate their true thoughts that could not otherwise be outspoken in a conservative and authoritarian era. In
Beijing, the two most prominent types of drama are known as Peking Opera and Chinese Shadow Theatre. In Peking Opera, troupes are usually
invited to enter the palace to perform their plays. However, the play that gets to be staged and performed very much gets decided by the audience in
the case that it is performed in the palace. Since misconduct and outspokenness is highly frowned upon in the palace and court, Peking drama is often
used to relay implicit messages that the person selecting the drama wants the audience to comprehend. For example, Empress Dowager "Cixi often
ordered a Peking Opera called

The Qing Dynasty And Gupta Empire Women 's Rights
Christopher Valdez
Period 2A
Qing Dynasty and Gupta Empire Women's Rights Women's rights were not the same in all countries during the time of the Qing dynasty and Gupta
Empire. How did women's rights in the Qing dynasty compare to those in of India's Gupta Empire? Women all around the world were treated
differently. Some women were treated better than others but the main focus on this research paper is about theQing dynasty and Gupta Empire.
The Qing dynasty has historical background as like many other cultures. In 1644 Manchus, better known as the Qing dynasty, conquered the Ming
state and established their own Qing or "Pure" dynasty among men lasting over three hundred years (Metmusem.org). The rise of the Qing dynasty
is provided by the story of a man named Li Zicheng. Li Zicheng was an ironworker who lost his job along many other government paid employees.
This occurred because the emperor needed money for more troops in battle to defend Beijing against the attacks the powerful attacks of the Manchus,
better known as the Qing dynasty today. By the year of 1630 Li had found a job as a soldier; however, since the government couldn't pay them and
provided them what needed, Li decided to quit. After that Li won the trust of several thousand Chinese revels and lead them into the towns capturing
them and added young men into their army. Li and his army won support of more people by making powerful promises of ending imperial abuses.
With more support in their side they

Empress Dowager Cixi: Famous Women In Chinese History
Empress Dowager Cixi / Tzu–hsi is often considered as one of the most powerful although infamous women in Chinese history. As a female in the
male–dominated Chinese history, she was able to access most of the power of Qing government and fully utilized her power as a concubine. Behind
the curtains, she was able to effectively rule the Chinese government for forty–seven years. There have been many different views towards her. The
majority of people in China believe her as the significant culprit who led to Qing government to collapse and a traitor, while other views include her as
a merciful ruler and the creator of modern china. This essay will analyse the personality of Cixi through the different perspectives from Chang, Bland
and Backhouse. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In her book of <> (2013), she turns over the conventional view of Cixi as a diehard conservative and cruel despot. Chang see Cixi is the one who
"brought medieval China into the modern age". In the traditional education for Chinese women, the majority of women were only educated with how
to become a virtuous wife and a good mother, but were illiterate (Lee 1998). As a Manchu, Cixi learned to read and write Han (Chinese) by
self–education. Chang writes that because Cixi was the only women who could read and write Han in the harem, the weak and sick Emperor
Xianfeng always dictated his decisions to Cixi and she would scribe his report. Occasionally, the emperor would ask of her opinion on political affairs
(p30) in which Chang believes this give Cixi an access to

Essay about The Disputed Reign of Dowager Empress TzвЂ™u-hsi
The Disputed Reign of Dowager Empress Tz'u–hsi Historical record is not always an accurate representation of fact. An example of this would be the
long reign of the Dowager Empress Tz'u–hsi, in which there were hundreds of documents written about her life. These documents have been taken and
used in the production of numerous books, especially among Western historians. It was these early historians who have established the widely accepted
perspective that Tz'u–hsi hungered for power, abused it, and retained it using any means necessary. This understanding is echoed today by authors such
as W.G. Sebald, author of The Rings of Saturn. There are many differences between the accounts of the Western perspective and that of Sebald's,
...
She then had three princes, who had acted as the late emperor's viceroys, charged with treason and graciously allowed them to commit suicide using a
silken rope (147–8). This idea about her craving for power is reiterated with Sebald's claim of the mysterious deaths of her son and pregnant
daughter–in–law who seemed healthy until the Emperor becomes old enough to rule without the Empress (148). Then the Empress had them replaced
by an heir who would be easier to control: her two year old nephew Kuang–hsu (148). Sebald described the second emperor, Kaung–hsu, as being
"fascinated by the mysteries of modern machines" (152). Although this may seem like a minute detail, Kaung Hsu's love of modern machines is a
representation of his favor for modernization. It was this interest in modernization that eventually led to a great disagreement with the Empress (152).
Once it was clear that Tz'u–hsi would deny the nation of Kaung–hsu's ideas of modernization, Kaung–hsu attempted to "wrest power to himself" and
was stopped by the Empress (152). The Empress then imprisoned Kaung–hsu in a moated palace (152). Once the Emperor was confined, the Empress
would be able to rule uncontested for as long as she lived and as long as the Emperor was powerless. To keep the Emperor powerless, Tz'u–hsi made
sure that he stayed isolated for ten years until the late summer of 1908 when he started having "chronic headaches and backache, renal cramps,
hypersensitivity to

The Boxer Rebellion In China From 1898-1900
The Boxer Rebellion in China took place roughly from 1898 to 1900 and is known for being an anti–foreign and anti–Christian movement. China's
Qing regime, also found itself at odds with the Boxer movement due to their weak control and susceptibility to foreign influence. 1 The insurgency that
erupted throughout parts of the country focused on these three main components, however these were not their fundamental concerns. Climate
variables within lower north and east China, such as drought and flooding, were the underlying complications for the uprising. The climate factor,
known as a powerful catalyst to the Boxer uprising, is precisely the true cause of the event. Government records, first hand accounts, and
dendrochronology show climate's implications on the Chinese population at the time and should be acknowledged as the primary origin of the Boxer.
In the 1890's, throughout the provinces near Beijing and Tianjin, many militant groups began appearing, uniquely priding themselves in their marital
arts training and abilities. Named the "Boxers" by the West due to their trainings, the
Spirit Boxers, Red Lanterns, and Big Sword Society (to name a few) had a goal to intensify their bodies to be able to withstand physical blows and
eventually even bullets. 2 The Boxer's true beginning coincides with the political events that took place following the Juye Incident in November 1879.
A gang of men in Juye killed two German missionaries, leading the German government to negotiating

Japan 's Victory Over Russia
Japan's victory over Russia made itself not only the most fearful colonial power in Asia, but also a world power that was respected by the Western
world. The defeat in the Sino– Japanese War finally prompted both conservatives and liberals to consider reforms in both political and social domains
as well reforms in the education system. China was in a precarious political situation where elements of both Confucianism and Western institutions
were coexisting side by side. Between June 11 and September 21 1898, The Gunagxu Emperor launched a series of forty edicts that earned the period
the name "The Hundred Days' Reforms. The Guagnxu Emperor was highly influenced from the ideas of the Neo– Confucian writer Kang Youwei.
Though Kang Youwei's first efforts to met with the Emperor failed, he finally was allowed permission to speak with the Emperor in May 1898. In
Kang Youwei's May 1898 Memorial to the Emperor he expressed his concern for the Qing Court and proposed a radical realignment in government that
advocated constitutionally radical reform and a transformation of the traditional education system into a modern one. Kang Youwei's " Comprehensive
Consideration of The Whole Situation" memorial to the Emperor knew the fate of China would meet a disastrous end if they did not consider
immediate change: Our present trouble lies in our clinging to old institutions without knowing how to change... Nowadays the court has been
undertaking some reforms, but the ministers obstruct

The Last Emperor
Asian Studies 102
"The Last Emperor" was a very interesting film, rich in historical truth and an accurate portrayal of past events that occurred in China during the
1900s. The story was very easy to follow and gave a more modernized approach to teaching the impacts of historical proceedings by using the English
language but not forgetting to keep the facts in order. This approach gave me the opportunity to see the different actors as if it were truly identical to
what this time period was all about. Given that the plot was centralized around Puyi, the last Emperor of China, and the director did an excellent job
making the movie fit the timeline. The film moves back and forth from when Puyi was imprisoned as an older man and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This shows the respect that families had for each other during this time. He greets his mother for the first time in 7 years and doesn't recognize her
face. She then talks of how she is proud of her son as the Emperor of China. I saw it interesting how ordinary people have to turn away; they are not
allowed to look at the Emperor because he is too important. He seems very harsh and demanding even at a young age. He tells his brother he cannot
wear imperial yellow because it's only for the emperor. I noticed how woman seem to be treated poorly in this time period.
Puyi's brother explains that he is not the emperor and the real ruler cut off his queue and drives a vehicle around, referring to the president of the
republic of China just on the other side of the forbidden city. Puyi grows angry and tries to prove to his brother that he is the Emperor by making his
servant drink some sort of paint. He asks the loyal man who gave him the cricket if he is still the emperor and he explains that he is the emperor only
inside the Forbidden City, not the outside. The film skips ahead to his later years in the detention center. We now find out that the strict general from
the beginning of the movie is actually the governor. He demands that the prisoners write down their whole life story as a confession. By 1919, China
was in turmoil from corrupt government. The film showed protesters with red sashes in

Women 's Foreign And Domestic Policies Play
What role did China's foreign and domestic policies play in the 1899 Boxer Rebellion? The Boxer Rebellion, also known as the Boxer Uprising, was a
movement created by nationalist Chinese men in response to what they perceived to be the westernization of their country by European forces and
influences ("Boxer Rebellion"). Most of the people involved were very young men who had been inducted into a society known as the Yihequan, or
Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, to fight against foreign influences that were making their way into the culture that many Chinese people
loved and wanted to protect (Harrison). The Yihequan felt that their enemies were not only the European troops and missionaries that had made their
way into China, but also the Chinese people who had welcomed the foreigners and converted to Christianity in response to European missionaries
(Tiedemann). They were not only angered at the perceived erasure of their traditional culture, but China had been going through a host of problems at
the time, including severe droughts leading to widespread food shortages, and many of the Yihequan chose to blame this on the Christian influences in
China. This was due to the belief in traditional Chinese culture that the only way to end drought was to pray to the gods to end it. The intense rituals
that the villagers used to beg their gods to end drought was believed to need the sincere participation of the entire village in order to work. The
Catholic Chinese did not

Case Study: Empress Dowager Cixi
Yvonne Hao
Mr. Brown
History of Asia
January 29, 2015
Word Count: 1507
Empress Dowager Cixi: The Dragon Lady
In November 29, 1835, a girl was born to a noble Manchu family in China. Her birth name was not recorded, but many people now remember her as
Empress Dowager Cixi. In 1849, when she was fourteen, she was one of 60 nominees for the position of imperial concubine. Fortunately, after a
two–year preparation period, she was selected by the current Empress Dowager and would serve Emperor Xian Feng as a fourth–rank concubine. It is
an incredibly steep climb to become an Empress, or even more, someone who has power over the entire Empire. As a women and a low–rank
concubine, Cixi had to fight her way to the top, therefore she encountered many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a great source to find evidence and information about Empress Dowager Cixi because it describes her life before she became an Empress, how
she slowly worked her way to the top of the Empire. In this bibliography, Cixi was shown as "one of a thousand" wives of the Emperor who is also
smart, beautiful, clever, and much more. When the Emperor dies, her son was unable to rule the kingdom. And by taking on a huge risk, Cixi took
over the Empire and ruled China on her own. Most importantly, it describes to us how she ruled, what decisions she made, and what effects they made
to the entire Empire, which is very important because it helps us understand what kind of person Cixi

The Three Main Causes Of The Boxer Rebellion
After suffering many devastating defeats at the hands of the West. The Qing dynasty was suffering, and the majority of China was left impoverished. In
the 1900's, a secret organisation called the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, began carrying out attacks on Chinese–Christians and
foreigners. They became known in the West as the "boxers", for their martial arts fighting style. There were three main causes for theBoxer Rebellion.
The first cause for the boxer rebellion, was the anti–foreign stance in China. After suffering humiliating defeats in both the first, and second Opium
wars, China was forced to grant concessions to foreigners. Along with this, they had to sign the "unequal treaties" which allowed the West to gain a
significant amount of control over China. This left the Chinese population poverty–stricken, and angry at the foreigner. The economy became
disastrously disrupted by the arrival of industrialism and modernity. According to historian David Silbey "There was a logic to the anti–foreign
sentiment: Many Chinese worked in industries that were disrupted by the arrival of the railroad and the telegraph. There was a sense that China's
balance had been thrown out of whack by these modern innovations, and only by destroying the innovations and the foreigners who brought them could
the balance be restored.". They regarded the West as "foreign devils", and wished to keep sovereignty and independence. They were extremely
nationalistic. Mark Twain

Compare and Contrast: Japan and China Essay
CAC: China and Japan
During the early nineteenth century, both China and Japan enforced policies restricting foreign trade in order to avoid industrialization and western
ideas, but after both societies experienced foreign invasions and unequal treaties being established by foreigners, Japan began to industrialize and
became imperialists trying to create an empire, while China differed in that the people wanted reform and government restrained the reformation of
their society, therefore causing multiple rebellions and overall the collapse of their empire.
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, westerners were heavily industrializing and practicing imperialism, and since both China and Japan wanted
to retain their cultures and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Much like in Japan when Matthew Perry of the United States came in and insisted in having Japan open up its ports to diplomatic and commercial
relations with the US, and since the shogun felt he had no other option, he complied with Perry's order. As the westerners had their way with both east
Asian nations, the threat of western industrialization became a reality, and due to the amount of hunger and economic depression in their societies,
their people began to crave industrialization seeing the amount of success in the western societies that were industrialized. There began to be an
increased amount of rebellion, and a fight for change in these two nations, but the results that came from these rebellions and the main argument for
these rebellions differed.
Once these societies were flowing with western influence and ideas in their societies, the people of China and Japan began to try and adopt to these
ideas and become big industrial societies as well. In China, these ideas were supported by the people although their government tried to diminish these
ideas, while in Japan, the government felt that they had no other choice but to reform, so they began to embrace western development. In

The Fall of the Qing Dynasty
D'Addese 1
The Qing Dynasty prospered well into the 20th century despite the numerous problems the administration faced. However, during the early days of the
20th century, civil disorders continued to grow in such unmanageable factions that the administration was pushed to do something about it. The high
living standards of the previous century had contributed to a sharp increase in China's population, there was approximately 400 million people living in
China around the nineteenth century. This spike increased population density, it also created a surplus of labour shortages, land shortages, inadequate
food production and several famines. As an attempt for a solution, Empress Dowager Cixi proclaimed a call for proposals for reform from ... Show more
There were mainly six reasons for the failed attempts of reformation in the late Qing dynasty. These six reasons include: Empress Dowager Cixi's role,
the opposition from conservatives, lack of careful planning, lack of capital, corruption and the rising popularity of revolutionary movement.
Empress Dowager Cixi was born in 1835 to a family of Manchu government officials. It is believed that she was born somewhere in Beijing and
had entered the Forbidden City as a concubine to the emperor Xianfeng. She had moved up the social ladder after giving birth to a male in 1856.
During this time period Xianfeng was facing unmanageable problems, these included, the Taiping rebellion, intrusive foreign powers and the
depletion of the royal treasury. After the death of emperor Xianfeng in 1861, Cixi was able to manipulate officials and succeeded in placing her son
as the next Emperor. The first gesture in the direction of constitutional reform was made by empress Cixi in 1905, "she ordered the formation of a
small study group of five princes and officials–––three Mancus and two Chinese–––who would travel to Japan, the United States, Britain, France,
Germany, Russia and Italy to study their governments" (Spence, 235). Empress Dowager Cixi however, was the biggest obstacle in carrying out the
reforms. Her opposition towards the reforms was the main reason for
D'Addese 4 the failure. The Qing government was controlled in her hands. From the

Boxer Rebellion
"China never wanted foreigners any more than foreigners wanted China men, and on this question I am with the Boxers every time. The Boxer is a
patriot. He loves his country better than he does the countries of other people. I wish him success. The Boxer believes in driving us out of his
country. I am a Boxer too, for I believe in driving him out of our country" В– Mark Twain, Berkeley Lyceum, New York, Nov 23, 1900.
The Boxer Rebellion soul purpose was to liberate China from foreign influence. Foreign capitalists dictated corrupt government officials and controlled
leading industrial parts of Northern China. Chinese overseers were upset over this issue and contemplated for a solution. A revolt was the key and the
outcome of the Boxer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All the people of our community are so full of anger and grievances that every one desires to take vengeanceВ…"
Early days of June 1900, Boxer bands were in the process of taking Peking from the east. On June 11, a Japanese diplomat was murdered by the mob,
and two days later the Christian churches of Peking were burned, their worshippers slaughtered. Fearing that the next step was an attack on the
Legation Quarter, British diplomats message Admiral Seymour at Tientsin for help. He immediately set out with almost two thousand men, but Boxers
barred the road to Peking and he was force back to Tientsin. The Qing government was not very happy. The last time the foreigners were in Peking
they ravaged the palace and the Qing government was afraid that the same thing would happen again.
On the 13th, the Boxers attacked the neighborhood where the foreigners lived in Tianjin. They probably would have all died had it not been for the
defensive fortifications. After two weeks of waiting, eight thousand troops of the European, American and Japanese forces entered Tianjin on 23rd.
The European, American and Japanese military forces entered Tianjin 23 June. The Boxers and soldiers from the Qing Imperial army were now
attacking them. By the next day, the battle was over and the Boxers defeated. This defeat had an immediate effect in Peking and the Qing imperial
army declared a cease–fire with the legations. During this time, there

Daniele VarГЁ: The Last Empress
The Last Empress by Daniele VarГЁ
The Empress Dowager Tzi–his (1835–1908) was a unique ruler unlike any other China had ever seen. She is considered to be one of the most
influential people in Chinese history, a rarity in the male dominated Chinese world. The empress dowager exerted great power over the Chinese empire
and influenced the political structure in ways it had never been influenced before, making many great reforms that she believed would help the Chinese
people.
Born on November 29th, 1835, Tzi–hsi was named Yehonala after her tribe. Her father, Huei–cheng died when she was a child and her family took care
of her until she was sent to Emperor Hsien–Feng's court as a concubine. Although Hsien–Feng had many wives and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Last Empress by Daniele VarГЁ does an excellent job of portraying these events in detail as well as providing cultural background in which to
better understand the events and the circumstances of her life. The vivid depiction of the Empress Dowager gives intimate details of Tzi–his's life, her
personality and the motivations that drove her to propose the reforms and ideas that she did. It provides an in depth look into her life through social
and political spheres in which she existed. The King's College History Department in its review said:
VarГЁ is successful in writing this primarily because she does not attempt to judge wherther the actions of the empress were good or bad. The strict
reporting of the facts with very little speculation makes this book extremely useful...Her point of view is that even if she did do many things that were
negative along with some that were positive this only goes to show she is human. (1)
VarГЁ does do an excellent job of portraying the life of the Empress in an objective manner. So often it is easy to judge historical figures by their
actions, but what is important to remember is that they were only doing what they knew, and what they thought was best for the country. The Empress
Dowager was doing what she thought was best, and although her decisions did not necessarily result in the best of circumstances for China, she was a
very influential figure regardless.
The

Responsibility Of Responsibility
With great power comes with great responsibility, responsibility can be shown in our daily lives, doing homework, remembering to wake up for
school, everything in our lives require this quality. Responsibility isn't even hard to understand or acquire all you need to do is respect yourself in
order to respect others. It is important that we know our limitations and know how much tasks and values we can handle instead of going overboard.
No matter how intelligent you are there is ones limitation can a person handle a amount of responsibility. What is responsibility? Responsibility is the
state or fact of having a duty to deal with something or of having control over someone, being accountable or to blame for something, the opportunity or
ability ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Responsibility is something we learn to do as a kid, as we grow older and encounter more and more challenges we use the responsibility as an
advantage to move one and help us sustain a healthy way of living our lives happily. Irresponsible people tend to lean towards all negative sides of
being responsible they are really hard to rely on and to be trust. Parents tend to trust children who can take care of themselves and know what's right
and wrong. Bosses love employees that are dependable and always trustworthy. Li Hongzhang (1823–1901) died in the age of 78 in Beijing, having 3
spouse Lady Zhou, Zhao Xiaolian, Lady Mo. Li, having three jobs Official, general, diplomat. Li Hongzhang who still is respected today showed
immense amount of responsibility through how hard he worked just to modernize China, intervene on the behalf of the Boxer Rebellion and all the
other wars; Li was trusted by the Imperial Palace, nevertheless there were events that illustrated how he failed to show responsibility that the Palace
had in him because of the Beiyang War and how everyone thought he was doing it only for himself not

Effects Of The Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion also known as the Yihetuan movement was an anti imperialist group which occurred during the late part of the Qing Dynasty
around 1898 to 1900. This group was mostly formed of peasants in Northern China who began to come together as a group now known as the boxer
rebellions. The members of this secret group practiced boxing and calisthenic rituals which they believed would make them invulnerable to foreign
weapons, such as guns and bayonets. Originally, the Boxers were unhappy with the influence that foreigners had in China, they wanted to destroy the
Qing dynasty, but when Empress Dowager Cixi supported them, the Boxers turned and focused on removing the foreigners in China. The Boxers
would go to around China and massacring ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the early stages of the Boxer Rebellion, their main goal was to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming dynasty, this lead to them going
to many villages in China and killing the citizens and burning down the place. This caused for a lot of costs that Empress Dowager Cixi and China
had to pay. In the later stages of the Boxer Rebellion, after Empress Dowager Cixi and the Boxer Rebellion joined forces to kill all the foreigners
in the country, the 8 nation alliance was formed. United Kinddom was unhappy with their countrymen being killed and they were greedy for the
riches of China, they were able to convince the alliance to all group together and gather some of the riches that they could salvage. After the siege of
Beijing, China and the Boxer Rebellion were outnumbered and were defeated. The boxer protocol called for the execution of corrupt governments in
China who supported the boxers and 450 million taels of silver. This weakened the originally very strong China who were perfectly fine without
foreign influence to being prone to attacks, even to Japan, who at the time was a small but growing country. After being weakened, one of the more
famous wars known as the Sino–Japanese war took place in the late 19th century, this left China bankrupt. Peasantry in China took a huge hit again
after already weakened. China became vulnerable and unable to protect themselves against

The Boxer Rebellion and The Great Game in China by David...
As written in the book The Boxer Rebellion and the Great Game in China by David J. Silbey, the author gives an account of the Boxer Rebellion.
David J. Silbey, the author gives an account using allied soldier and diplomat's letters and diaries of the Boxer Rebellion. The Boxer Rebellion is an
anti–foreigner movement in China during 1900. The conclusion of this rebellion lead to China having signed the Boxer Protocol in September
1901(Page 225). This treaty entailed the Chinese paying reparations to the United States, Russia, Britain, Germany, France, Japan, Italy, and
Austria–Hungary.
Aptly named the Boxer Rebellion, the first question you must ask if who the Boxers are. The Boxers is the name used by western society to call the ...
As Sibley mentions, the Boxers used a different form of fighting then their enemies. In the initial start of the Rebellion, the Boxers used vulnerable
yet slightly effective form of hand to hand combat in close quarters. They fought using their environment to damage their enemy such as fighting on a
hill or in rice fields. They also knew when the best time to retreat was and had the belief that the Boxers who died in combat were not "true boxers"
thus secured their philosophy of imperviousness. However one weakness that was quickly discovered by the Boxer and by the Western powers ,was
their introductory rituals before battle. The western powers used this time to attack with their weapons giving them the advantage in the fight. Both
group learned to improvise their techniques such as the Boxers gaining more guns in battle. The general disconnect between the local people of China
and the government under the Empress Dowager is in my belief, the Boxer Rebellion greatest weakness. The hesitance of the Dowager and her
government in resolving or affirming the ties with Boxers lead to the Rebellion starting without Chinese government interference. When the diplomats
address the Dowager about the Boxer attacks, she considered them to be local disagreements and use of self–defense, which anger the foreign powers
such as Germany and Japan. By the time the Dowager declares War, it is already in full swing. Despite having the foreign powers

Footbinding: Domination or Choice? Essay
Although no definite reason or person has been identified as responsible for the birth of footbinding, there are a few theories. One deals with the
Shang dynasty's last empress' malformed feet. Some say she had club feet, bound them in attempts to distil beauty from malformation, and convinced
her "spouse to make the compression of feet obligatory for young girls" (Levy, 37). Another scenario involves the Mongols attempting to impair the
health of the Chinese women in order to weaken the Chinese. Still another theory, and possibly the most credible, involves the Chinese women
attempting to attain greater appeal. Footbinding was not started by women for want of greater self control, nor did it originate from foreign powers. Well
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Power relations were enforced with the practice of footbinding.
Filial piety was even strengthened by footbinding. After the pain wore off, the fact that a daughter's parents were willing to exert that much pain on
someone they love, and through doing so cause pain to themselves, is often regarded with respect from the daughter. There are accounts of the aunt of
the daughter or another relative carrying out the binding because of the pain it caused the actual mother.
Footbinding was also an investment in the future. Not only would people think more highly of a well bound woman than a woman with pig feet, but
walking in bound feet was believed to help other parts of the female anatomy grow in quality. "The difficulty of walking caused strength to be
concentrated in the buttocks, which became larger," (Levy, 141) said Chang Ching–sheng, as well as the development of the vagina. The relationship
of the large buttocks and thighs to the tiny feet also had relevance, as it "made it easy for her to turn herself about in bed.... By contrast, a large footed
woman moving about under the bedcovers caused an annoying draft of cold air," which was most undesirable to the man (Levy, 134). Although these
are anatomically completely false, belief kept the stories alive.
Despite the scientifically invalid conclusions of the Chinese in regards to the development of the buttocks, thighs, and

Essay about Sterling Seagrave's Dragon Lady
Empress Dowager Tzu His Exposed in Sterling Seagrave's Dragon Lady
China's great ancient empire has been the source of stories, fables, and fascination throughout the world for generations. The Asian culture has a long
history of powerful leaders and ruthless battles making it one of the longest standing powers that the world has ever known. Yet, what took centuries to
create was destroyed during the reign of a single ruler, plunging the country into chaos and confusion. The one who often is believed to have generated
this collapse is the Empress Dowager Tzu His, the last Empress of China.
Until the end of her reign in the early 1900s, the life of the Empress was shrouded in mystery. Once people gained access to the court ... Show more
Many took Blackhouse's reports at face value and it was not until later that people began to question the truth about China's last royal leader.
The book Dragon Lady, by Sterling Seagrave, is more than just a biography of the Empress Dowager Tzu Hsi; it is a complex analysis of how the
actions of royalty and politics played into China's most trying times of modernization. Seagrave eliminates the myths and false stories about the
Empress, using facts from multiple sources to provide a realistic story, which sets the stage for the reform period of China.
Seagrave does an excellent job not only of writing about the life of the Empress Dowager, but also explaining the issues surrounding China at the time
of the Empress' reign. Detailed explanations about the turmoil amongst the other members of the royal court, Western invasion and the Boxer rebellion
are carefully analyzed to distinguish truth from fiction in hopes of revealing the true story of Tzu Hsi and eliminating the myths that surround the ruler.
John H. Boyle, of California State University, writes in The Library Journal a raving review of Dragon Lady saying:
The Dowager Empress Tzu Hsi, ruling from behind the silk curtain, held extraordinary power during the last decades of China's tottering empire. Her
name has always been linked with unflattering

Empress Dowager Cixi Research Paper
Our example being The Empress Dowager Cixi. It is true that the roles of royal and non–royals are different but one can pretty much guess how it was
for the non–royal women them having to care for the children clean the house attend to the males also being considered second to the men of the
house hold. Nevertheless, we get to see what it was like for The Empress Dowager Cixi and understand the roles she undertook. So In the East Asian
History Sourcebook:
Isaac Taylor Headland: Court Life inChina: The Capital, Its Officials and People, (New York, F.H. Revell, c1909).It talks about The Empress Dowager
Cixi who went from non–royal to royal we can gain an understanding of what it was like to be her position along with the roles she undertook.

Government 's Singularity Of Power
Incompetent Leaders:
Monarchy's singularity of power provides people with a symbolic and focused area for group loyalty and identity. Monarchy can be beneficial in some
instances, such as when decisions need to be made quickly without consulting with a large group of people. Monarchy sometime requires strong
leadership in order to get things accomplished quickly and efficiently. In contrast to the early leaders, the late Qing emperors in the nineteenth century
were weak in the sense that they lacked the abilities to effectively control the military, which led to the unstable government. In the summer of 1831,
Empress Xiaoquancheng bore emperor Daoguang a son named Xianfeng. At age of 19 and was a relatively young, emperor Xianfeng received the
throne, which made him the 9th Emperor of the Manchu–led Qing dynasty, and the 7th Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1850 to 1861. Shortly
after emperor Xianfeng was on the throne, the first of a series of popular rebellions began that would nearly destroy the Qing dynasty. The Taiping
Rebellion broke out in Southern China. The Manchu troops that the emperor Xianfeng sent to suppress the rebellion proved so ineffective that the
rebels were able to move Northward and gained control of many cities included Nanjing in 1853, and almost got the imperial capital of Beijing in
between 1854–5 (Teng, 9). In the attempt to put an end to the rebellion, emperor Xianfeng had to rely on other talented Chinese leaders to raise local
volunteer

Maria Monologue
Well, Prince, so Genoa and Lucca are now just family estates of the Buonapartes. But I warn you, if you don't tell me that this means war, if you still
try to defend the infamies and horrors perpetrated by that Antichrist– I really believe he is Antichrist– I will have nothing more to do with you and you
are no longer my friend, no longer my 'faithful slave,' as you call yourself! But how do you do? I see I have frightened you– sit down and tell me all
the news." It was in July, 1805, and the speaker was the well–known Anna Pavlovna Scherer, maid of honor and favorite of the Empress Marya
Fedorovna. With these words she greeted Prince Vasili Kuragin, a man of high rank and importance, who was the first to arrive at her reception. Anna
Pavlovna... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If you were not a father there would be nothing I could reproach you with," said Anna Pavlovna, looking up pensively. "I am your faithful slave and
to you alone I can confess that my children are the bane of my life. It is the cross I have to bear. That is how I explain it to myself. It can't be
helped!" He said no more, but expressed his resignation to cruel fate by a gesture. Anna Pavlovna meditated. "Have you never thought of marrying
your prodigal son Anatole?" she asked. "They say old maids have a mania for matchmaking, and though I don't feel that weakness in myself as yet,I
know a little person who is very unhappy with her father. She is a relation of yours, Princess Mary Bolkonskaya." Prince Vasili did not reply,
though, with the quickness of memory and perception befitting a man of the world, he indicated by a movement of the head that he was considering
this information. "Do you know," he said at last, evidently unable to check the sad current of his thoughts, "that Anatole is costing me forty thousand
rubles a year? And," he went on after a pause, "what will it be in five years, if he goes on like this?" Presently he added: "That's what we fathers have
to put up with.... Is this princess of yours

The Three Causes Of The Boxer Rebellion
The boxer rebellionв€’the fight between China and Western countriesв€’has been a debate since the end of 1901. Many people have been wondering
how the war happened and what were the reasons that lead to it. Although many researchers have shown the causes they have found, there will be other
research that disagrees with them. This paper mainly supports the claim that suggested the three major causes of the boxer rebellion, and refutes the
point that the new technologies and innovations that the West had introduced helped China be more developed. It will define three main elements that
leaded to the boxer uprising which are the personal and religious belief of Chinese people, the rise of Christianity, and the support of Qing dynasty. As
the result of the Opium wars and Sino–Japanese war, Chinese had suffered defeat, and more of foreigners came by to transform and try to rule the
country (Chandler, 2012). China had been changed since the arrival of foreigners after the Opium wars and Sino–Japanese war. Some Chinese
accepted the changes and adapt themselves to be in worldwide whereas others still maintained their norms and values. The boxer rebellion or the boxer
uprising or righteous harmonious fist or I Ho Ch'uan was a group of nationalist fighters that fought against 8 countries, which were Austria–Hungary,
France, England, Germany, Japan, Russia, Italy and the United States ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the boxer rebellion has been debated from time–to–time, many researchers and historians try to find the true story. Additionally, some of the stories
even tend to be biased. Nonetheless, this paper majorly focuses on three main causes, which are the personal belief and religious traditions, the rise of
Christianity, and the Empress and her dynasty's supporters. Besides, there must be the true story occurred in one day, as most people seem to be
curious to find out when the real story has not been

Self Strengthening Movement Essay
China's Self–Strengthening Movement (1860 – 1894) is often regarded as a failure. To what extent do you agree with this assessment?
'Why are the Western nations small and yet strong? What are we large and yet weak? We must search for the means to become their equal ... At first
they may take the foreigners as their teachers and models; then they may come to the same level and be their equals; finally they may move ahead and
surpass them. Herein lies the way to self–strengthening.'1
Following Feng Guifen's [the innovator the movement] view on Self Strengthening, why then did the the movement fail? The period of 1860 through
to 1864, between the end of the Third War with the West and the outbreak of the First Sino
–Japanese War, were... Show more content on
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Along with Prince Gong's active role in 'seeking to improve China's diplomatic relations and advance the military'11, the dominant leaders of
modernization sought to 'take the foreigners as their teachers and models; then they may come to the same level and be their equals; finally they may
move ahead and surpass them'. Their ideas were supported by a number of provincial governors and scholar–officials who began to 'seek out an
effective path for reform'12. These efforts would become known as the Self–Strengthening Movement. The leading theorist of the movement was the
scholar–official Feng Guifen who believed in order to 'strengthen the Qing state, traditional Confucian culture and institutions must be preserved' and
'supplemented by Western weapons and technological learning'. Although the reforms proposed modernization, a cultural change was needed for it to
truly be in effect. With the establishment of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Zongli Yamen), Zeng advised to send students to Western countries for
technical training and in result a mission was sent to the United States of America the following year. However after a few years the students were
instructed to return to China claiming that they spent to much time on Western learning and not enough on their Chinese studies. Although, the
officials most likely feared that the students were 'learning democratic or republican ideas'13

Positive And Negative Impact Of Zerpress Cixi
istory Assignment: Qing Dynasty – Empress Cixi The Qing Dynasty also known as Manchu Dynasty, occurred for nearly two thousand years,
commencing in 1644 and ending in 1911. It was the last of the dynasties in China and collapsed after many revolutions and significant rulers, one
including Empress Dowager Cixi. In fact, Empress Dowager Cixi, was one of the most significant figures in China's history because of her ruthless
power, influence and intelligence. Empress Dowager Cixi is considered one of the most influential female figures of ancient times. This infamous
woman ruled China for over 47 years, from 1861 until her death in 1908. Empress Cixi was well known as one of China's most powerful women
because of her cleverness, strength ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She ruled for almost fifty years, maintaining and expanding on her own methods of control. She made decisions for China, some positive and some
negative. While she was the Empress she always had the final say yet despite her intelligence and clear understanding of politics, she was also
considered mean and corrupt. Emperor Cixi will continue to be remembered as one of the most significant rulers in history because of the impact she
had on China during a male dominated time period. She was heartless and cruel yet commanding and influential –a combination that made her one of
the most successful and significant figures in the history of

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