why we kil them ...??? stoppp it ..

1. AMNIOCENTESIS
Presented To U By –

2. WHAT IS AMNIOCENTESIS
• Amniocentesis (also referred to as amniotic
fluid test or AFT) is a medical procedure used
in prenatal diagnosis of
chromosomal abnormalities and fetal
infections, and also for sex determination, in
which a small amount of amniotic fluid, which
contains fetal tissues, is sampled from
the amniotic sac surrounding a
developing fetus, and then the fetal DNA is
examined for genetic abnormalities.

3. WHAT IS AMNIOTIC FLUID
During pregnancy, the fetus is
surrounded by amniotic fluid, a
substance much like water. Amniotic
fluid contains live fetal cells and other
substances, such as alpha-fetoprotein
(AFP). These substances provide
important information about
your Baby’s health before birth.

4. WHEN IT SHOULD BE
PERFORM
• An amniocentesis, the procedure is usually
scheduled between the 15th and 18th week of
pregnancy.
• The average price for amniocentesis
is $200 to $500, and is covered by many
insurance plans.

5. PROCEDURE

6. PROCEDURE
• If used for prenatal genetic diagnosis, fetal cells
are separated from the extracted sample. The
cells are grown in a culture medium, then fixed
and stained.
• Under a microscope the chromosomes are
examined for abnormalities. The most common
abnormalities detected are Down
Synrome (trisomy 21), Edward
syndrome (trisomy 18), and Turner syndrome
(monosomy X). I

7. FIGURE SHOWING
ANIOCENTESIS

8. PROCEDURE
• In regard to the fetus, the puncture seals and
the amniotic sac replenishes the liquid over
the next 24–48 hours.

9. RISKS OF
AMNIOCENTESIS
There is a small risk that an
amniocentesis could cause
a miscarriage (less than 1%, or
approximately 1 in 200 to 1 in 400).
Injury to the baby or mother, infection,
and Preterm labor are other potential
complications that can occur, but are
extremely rare.

10. HOW SEX DETERMINATION
IS DONE THROUGH IT ??
#. Human chromosomes are 46 in number, but the last
two determine sex; they are similar, or XX, for the
female and dissimilar or XY, for the male.
#. The amniotic fluid sample, after being tapped
(known as amniocentesis), is centrifuged; then the
cell sediments are fixed in a mixture of acetic acid
and methanol, smeared on a slide and subjected to
the 'Barr body test', or a test to ascertain if the last
chromosome is an X-chromosome.
#. A positive Barr body finding establishes the foetus to
be female.

11. ADVANTAGE AND
DEAVANTAGES OF
AMNIOCENTESIS
ADVANTAGES
1.Confirms if abnormality is
present in fetus that may have
been detected from other tests,
such as blood test.
2. Offers a specific diagnosis of
chromosomal or genetic
abnormality prior to birth of
child.
3. Diagnosis of other hereditary
defects depending on family
history.
4. Allows early preparation for child
with birth defect or early
decision making as to carrying
the baby to full term.
DISADVANTAGES
1.Miscarriage is the main risk when
preforming Amniocentesis
(Chances are 1 in 400 caused by
possible infections in the uterus).
2. Although extremely rare, there is
always a risk the needle might hit
the baby within the fetus.
3. Following the procedure, the
mother may experience side
effects such as cramping, leaking
of fluid, and irritation around the
area of puncture

12. AMNIOCENTESIS IS BANNED IN
INDIA ?????
As girl child was never accepted in many
family,when a women got pregnant her family
got amniocentesis done by which they could
find the gender of the foetus and if they the
foetus was girl they would stop the baby to
come step in the earth. Seeing this
reason,amniocentesis is banned in India.

13. STOP FEMALE
FOETICIDE ….

14. DON’T KILL US
WE WANT TO LIVE !!

15. THANX FOR GIVING ME SUCH AN
OPPORTUNITY !!