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1. Engineering materials
Introduction

2. What is engineering
materials?
• Engineering materials is a branch of science which deals
with the study of existing materials, their properties,
functions, uses and effects over different compositions
and mixtures. It provides the reader a broad knowledge
of materials over a wide range.

3. Types of materials
• Materials are classified as:
1. Metals
2. Non-metallic materials
Metals may be Ferrous or non ferrous however non-
metallic materials may be synthetic or natural.

4. Metals
Metals are the materials which show the properties like
hardness, opaque, shiny and has good electrical and
thermal conductivity.

5. Metals
Ferrous materials
• Metals or alloys having high percentage of iron.
• These materials are used where high strength is
required at relatively low cost.
• These materials are basically obtained from pig iron ore
which after treatment gives three types of ferrous
materials.
1. Steel
2. Cast iron
3. Wrought iron

6. Classification of steel
Steels
Low carbon steel
Medium carbon
steel
High carbon steel

7. Classification of cast iron
Cast iron
Grey cast iron
White cast iron
Malleable cast
iron
High duty cast
iron
Alloy cast iron

8. Non-ferrous materials
• Metals other than iron
• They are basically used in alloy form. In pure form, they
are used with other materials in order to obtain a certain
property like corrosion resistance, ductility, hardness etc.
• They are used with other metals in order to improve their
strength.
• Non-ferrous materials may be metals other than iron or
alloys.

9. Classification of non-ferrous metals
Metals
Aluminum
Cadmium
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Gold
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
nickle
Platinum
Silver
Tin
Titanium
Tungsten
Vanadium
Zinc

10. Classification of non-ferrous alloys
Alloys
Brass (Cu and
Zn)
Tin bronze (Cu
and Sn)
Phosphor bronze
Gun metal
Aluminium
Bronze
(Cu and Al)
Cupronickel
alloys (Cu and
Ni)
Aluminium
alloys
Magnesium
alloys
Zinc based die
casting alloys
Tin lead alloys
Soft solders
Bearing metals

11. Non-metallic materials
Synthetic materials
• These are non-metallic materials that do not exist in
nature, although they are manufactured from nature
substances like oils, coal etc. They may be in one of the
following type:
1. Plastics
2. Ceramics
3. Composites

12. Classification of plastics
Plastics
Thermosetting
Epoxides
Alkyds
Bakelite (phenol
formaldehyde)
Melamine-
formaldehyde
Urea
formaldehyde
Thermoplastic
Acrylic
PTFE
Polythene
PVC
Nylon
Polystyrene

13. Classification of ceramics
Ceramics
Glass
Porcelain
Cemented
carbides

14. Classification of composites
Composites
Carbon fibre
Concrete
Glass reinforced
plastic (GRP)

15. Natural non-metallic materials
• These occur naturally. Some of the natural materials are
:
1. Wood
2. Rubber
3. Glass
4. Emery (naturally occurring aluminum oxide )
5. Ceramic
6. Diamonds
7. Oils
8. Silicon