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- 3. What Is Civil Engineering? Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings
- 5. Ferrous Metals Ferrous metals are those containing iron such as nickel, steel and iron itself. Ferrous metals are often magnetic but this is not a defining characteristic. Rusting and magnetic properties are both down due to the iron. Example: 1. Mild steel 2. Cast iron 3. Stainless steel 4. High Speed steel
- 6. Non-Ferrous Metals Non-Ferrous Metals do not contain Iron, are not magnetic and are usually more resistant to corrosion than ferrous metals. They are not attracted to the magnet Examples: 1. Aluminums 2. Copper 3. Brass 4. Lead
- 7. Structural View Engineering Materials Metals Ferrous Iron Pig iron Cast iron Wrought iron Steel Non- Ferrous Copper & Alloys Aluminium Zinc Tin Lead Non-Metals Rubber Plastics Resin
- 8. FERROUS AND NON-FERROUS METAL
- 10. Ferrous Metal The following are ferrous metals and the kind of uses to which they are usually put: Mild Steel – Carbon content of 0.1 to 0.3% and Iron content of 99.7 – 99.9%. Used for engineering purposes and in general, none specialised metal products. Carbon steel – Carbon content of 0.6 to 1.4% and Iron content of 98.6 to 99.4 %. Used to make cutting tools such as drill bits. Stainless Steel – Made up of Iron, nickel and chromium. Resists staining and corrosion and is therefore used for the likes of cutlery and surgical instrumentation. Cast Iron – carbon 2 – 6% and Iron at 94 to 98%. Very strong but brittle. Used to manufacture items such as engine blocks and manhole covers. Wrought Iron – Composed of almost 100% iron. Used to make items such as ornamental gates and fencing. Has fallen out of use somewhat.
- 11. Non-Ferrous Metals These are the non ferrous metals and their uses: Aluminum – An alloy of aluminum, copper and manganese. Very lightweight and easily worked. Used in aircraft manufacture, window frames and some kitchen ware. Copper – Copper is a natural occurring substance. The fact that it conducts heat and electricity means that it is used for wiring, tubing and pipe work. Brass – A combination of copper and zinc, usually in the proportions of 65% to 35% respectively. Is used for ornamental purposes and within electrical fittings. Silver – Mainly a natural substance, but mixing with copper creates sterling silver. Used for decorative impact in jewelry and ornaments, and also to solder different metals together. Lead – Lead is a naturally occurring substance. It is heavy and very soft and is often used in roofing, in batteries and to make pipes.
- 13. Ferrous metal It is used in engineering industry are pig iron, cast iron, and steel. Important Ferrous metals are: Wrought iron Steels Alloy steels Cast iron The Ferrous metals are those which have iron as their main constituent. Such as iron, steel and cast iron.
- 14. Non- ferrous metal They do not corrode as quickly as ferrous metals due to the rapid formation of a thin protective oxide layer on their surface. They are still susceptible to corrosion when exposed top atmosphere.
- 16. Non- ferrous metal Refractory metals are chosen for their high heat resistance They retain their properties at elevated temperatures. they may be used in electrical conductors, contacts, and biocompatible applications. Some of these metals are chosen to plate other metals such as nickel, chromium, and zinc which are used to provide a resistant outer shell.
- 17. THE END