SIMULATION topic from education for Nursing students .

1. SIMULATION
Kshyanaprava Behera
Assistant Professor
SUM Nursing College, SOA DTU

2. SIMULATION

3. DEFINATION
Simulation is a technique that enables adult learner to obtain skills, competencies,
knowledge or behaviour by becoming involved in situations that are similar to those in
real life.
MEANING (REPRODUCTIVEOF REAL LIFESITUATION)
• Simulation is the basis of sensitivity training, sociodrama , role-playing and psychodrama.
• In health care simulation may refers to “A device representing a simulated patient or part of a patient
;such as device can respond to and interact with the action of the learner”.

4. PURPOSE-
• To help student practice decision making &
problem solving skills.
• To develop human interaction abilities in a
controlled and safe setting.
• To achieve cognitive affective &
psychomotor outcome in a simulation
exercise or roleplaying situation.
• To see how and when the theories work

5. PRINCIPLES-
 Clear stated objectives
 Actual patient care experience
 Proper orientation of proceedings/scenario
 Use of problem solving and critical reasoning
 Role of educator must be as a facilitator
 Simulation should be collaborative approach
between educator and simulator
 Feedback and Evaluation of stimulatory session

6. CHARACTERISTICS OF SIMULATED TEACHING-
Can be used in research work.
It can be used for rehearsal before going to classroom
teaching.
Effective for practice of teaching skills by the pupil
teacher.
Effective feedback can be provided.
It is very convenient method.

7. TYPESOFSIMULATION-
1)Part Task Trainer- or low-tech or static task trainers,
are designed to replicate only a part of the body or
portion of the environment. The learning objectives are
often task specific.
• Example—
 Teach of injection technique to arm by using orange
or banana.
 Using mannequin for teaching neonatal
resuscitation.
 Urinary catheter trainer & pelvic examination trainer.
 Plastic IV Arm.

8. 2] Standardized patient-
standardized patient or sample patient (SP)( also known as patient
instructor), in health care, is an individual who is trained to act as a real
patient in order to stimulate a set of symptoms or problems.
• Used for-
 Physical assessment skills.
 History taking.
 Teaching communication skills
 Teaching clinical skills.
 Interaction with psychiatric client
 Clinical examination.
• Example-. Teach the student how to collect history from psychiatric
patient.

9. 3] Screened based computer simulator-
This include computer application for simulation.
• Use-
 Model various aspects of human physiology.
 Model of specific task or environment.
 Making clinical decision.
 Observe the result in action.
• Example- computer –assisted instruction programs or
web-based programs

10. 4] Complex task trainer-
i. Haptic systems- this type of technology is particularly useful
in learning environments where the faculty cannot clearly see
where the student is assessing the patient. It allow a learner to
perceive tactile and other stimuli to the senses through a
complex , computer generated environment .
ii. Virtual reality- These virtually- reality scenarios offer an
opportunity for the learner to practice skill via computer- based
traning, including-
 Surgical skills.
 Bronchoscopy.
 Intravenous.
 Central line catheterization.

11. 5] Integrated simulators (Human Patient
simulator)- or human patient simulators(HPS) combine
computer technology and part-or whole-body mannequins to
provide a more realistic learning experience. Integrated
computer technology housed in the mannequins to respond in
real time to specific care intervention and treatment.
• Example-
 Medications, Chest compressions, Needle decompressions.
 Chest tube placement, and other physiologic interventions
and subsequent responses..
• These interactive mannequins are capable of realistic
physiologic responses, including
 Respiration, pulses, heart sounds, breath sounds, urinary
output, and pupil reaction.

12. TYPE OF SIMULATION EQUIPMENT
LOW –FIDELITY SIMULATORS
• It is less often in detail & vitality of living
situation.by introducing & practicing psychomotor
skill, they generally lack the realism
:
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13. MODERATE –FIDELITY SIMULATORS
• It offers more realism than a low fidelity model. It
is useful as both introduction tools & tools for
developing deeper understanding of specific,
complex subject matter & competencies.

14. HIGH –FIDELITY SIMULATORS
• It produce the most realistic simulated patient
experiences. High –fidelity unit must not only ‘have the
outward appearance of reality but also react in realistic
ways to student interventions units & are the most
costly.
/

15. LEARNING OBJECTIVES OF THE SIMULATIONPROCESS
• Develop highly complex cognitive skills, such as decision-making,
evaluating and synthesizing.
• Impact positively on the learner’s values, beliefs and attitudes.
• Sharpen human relation skills and communication skills
• Unlearn negative attitudes or behaviour.

16.  STEPS OF SIMULATION PROCESS
 Experience
 Sharing
 Processing
 Generalization
 Application

17. REQUISITES FOR A GOOD SIMULATION
PROCESS
Clarity Feasibility
Active-
involvement
Repeatability
and reliability

18. ADVANTAGES OF THE METHOD
• Simulation establishes a setting where theory and practice can be
combined
• It develops the problem-solving skills.
• Improves their critical thinking skills.

19. ADVANTAGES contd..
• It may be used in the classroom or in the laboratory as structural
activity or as an independent study assignment, can provide
immediate feedback and corrective action.
• It promotes student-student. Teacher- student and student
interactions.

20. ADVANTAGES contd..
• It enhances decision-making skills.
• Students can experience real situation without client risk.
• The feelings of self –confidence and competence of the students are
increased

21. ADVANTAGES FOR NURSING EDUCATION
• The clinical setting can be realistically simulated
• There is no threat to patients safety
• Active learning can occur
• Specific and unique patient situations can be presented

22. ADVANTAGES FOR NURSING EDUCATION
• Errors can be corrected and discussed immediately.
• Enhanced cognitive, psychomotor, communication and
discussion skills
• Benefits of immediate- feedback

23. ADVANTAGES FOR NURSING EDUCATION
• Increased confidence, shifted attitude and smooth transition from
the classroom or laboratory to the health care setting.
• Increases the ability of the faculty to identify students’ performance
levels.

24. DISADVANTAGES OF THE METHOD
• The whole process is time consuming to develop & of high cost.
• Must be realistic enough for transfer of learning environment.
• The technique must be structured so that all learners are become involved in the
situation and problem-solving process
• There is a need for many simulators. But all the students may not be involved, who
may not get the experience

25. LIMITATIONS IN SIMULATION TECHNIQUE
• Simulation cannot be made in all subjects of the curriculum.
• Simulation cannot be conveniently used in case of small children
• It requires a lot of preparation on the part of teachers.
• Simulation reduces the seriousness of learning.

26. LIMITATIONS IN SIMULATION TECHNIQUE
• Minimum of feedback sequence to choose.
• Time consuming.
• Difficulty in using analytic approach.
• Need for many simulators.

27. COMPUTER-BASED SIMULATIONPROGRAMME
• It involves the use of software developed to simulate a
subject .the software may be of low, moderate or high-
fidelity & can test many aspect of learning, such as skill,
knowledge, and critical thinking.it is convenient because
student may practice & learn independently outside the
regular class hours.

28. ADVANTAGES
• Controlled
• Cost
• Reproducible and predictable
• Programmable
• Ease to use
• Simultaneous use by many students
• Entertaining
• May be less stressful for both students and
faculty .

29. FULL-SCALE SIMULATION
Full-scale simulation is probably the most
recognized form of simulation in health
care. It attempts to recreate all of the
elements of a situation that are perceptible
to students.it involve real people, real physiology,
real interaction ,real action & realistic responses &
interactions

30. ADVANTAGES
• participants learn by realistic experience
• Individual Watching the live broadcast learn as observers
• When scenario participants and observers gather as a group, they all learn
by sharing their experiences in group discussion

31. ROLEOFTEACHERINSIMULATION
Planning
Facilitating
Debriefing

32. THE FUTURE OF NURSING SIMULATION EDUCATION
• “Using simulations allows nursing students to step in to the
role of a full-fledgednurse for a time when they are with the
manniqin, they have to make decisions & act without advice
from a teacher or experiencednurse they can make mistakes
& learn from them”