The document discusses engineering design and machine design. It provides definitions of engineering design from various sources that describe it as an iterative decision making process to develop systems or devices to satisfy human needs. It also discusses types of engineering design such as original, adaptive, and variant design. Machine design is defined as the transformation of parameters influencing a physical process into concrete machine components to accomplish predefined physical work. The document outlines the interrelationship between machine design, engineering, and the design process.

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2. Concepts in
Engineering Design
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3. Engineering
... is defined as an activity of overcoming
difficulties for practical applications of
concepts that are proved to be true
theoretically. This activity is composed of
mental activities, paperwork, human
power and machine power.
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4. Engineering
... is defined as an activity of overcoming
difficulties for practical applications of
concepts that are proved to be true
theoretically. This activity is composed of
mental activities, paperwork, human
power and machine power.
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5. Remember these figures...
NEED
NEED
People,
ENGINEERING
PROCESS Society,
Nature
PRODUCT
PRODUCT
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6. Engineering Activities
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7. Functions of Engineers
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8. Functions of Engineers
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9. DEFINITIONS of DESIGN
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10. Author Definition Keywords
C. Finding the right physical components of a physical structure. Finding, physical
Alexander
L. B. A goal-directed problem solving activity. Goal-directed, solving activity
Archer
M. Decision making in the face of uncertainty with high penalties Decision making, uncertainty,
Asimow for error. high penalties for error
P. J. Simulating what we want to make (or do) before we make (or Simulating to feel confident
Booker do) it as many time as may be necessary to feel confident in
the final result.
M. Farr The conditioning factor for those parts of the product which Contact with people
come into contact with people.
S. Relating product with situation to give satisfaction. Product, satisfaction
Gregory
J. C. The performing of a very complicated act of faith Act of faith
Jones
E. The optimum solution to the sum of the true needs of a True needs
Matchett particular set o circumstances.
J. K. The imaginative jump from present facts to future Imaginative jump, Present
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Page possibilities. facts; future possibility
J. B. A creative activity-it involves bringing into being something Creative activity, useful not
Reswick new and useful that not existed has not existed previously. existed previously
J. P. The creation of an end result that satisfies a human need by Creation, Result satisfies
Vidosic taking definite action. human need, action
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11. D esign A ctivity
... is defined, in general, as the planning
and realization of a creative strategy to
accomplish a physical, mental, moral or
artistic task or to satisfy a real need.
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12. D esign A ctivity
... is defined, in general, as the planning
and realization of a creative strategy to
accomplish a physical, mental, moral or
artistic task or to satisfy a real need.
This is engineering!..
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13. P urpose of D esign
The purpose of design is defined [Mostow, 1985] as the
construction of a structure (artifact) description that;
 Satisfies a given (probably informal) functional
specification,
 Conforms to the limitations of the target medium,
 Meets implicit or explicit requirements on performance
(time, space, power, cost etc.) and structure (style,
simplicity etc.),
 Satisfies restrictions on the design process itself.
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14. Design activities
Design activities include
 Creativity,
 Decision-making,
 Modeling.
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15. DEFINITIONS of ENGINEERING DESIGN
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16. Engineering and design activities are
blended in Engineering Design
ENGINEERING DESIGN ENGINEERING DESIGN
Time consuming activity Mental activity Mentally initiated time
consuming activity
Physical Conceptual Conceptually developed
physical products
Close to science Close to art Creative work based on
scientific principles
Methodological Intuitive Intuitive started
methodology
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Solves problems Creates problems Solution-Problem, Problem-
Solution chains are
unbreakable
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17. T. T. Woodson
An iterative decision making activity to
produce the plans by which resources are
converted: preferably optimally, into
systems or devices to meet human needs.
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18. J. P. Vidosic
The process that uses engineering tools-
mathematics, graphics, language-and
scientific principles to evolve a plan, which
when fully carried out will satisfy a human
need.
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19. G. B. R. Fielden
The use of scientific principles, technical
information and imagination in the
definition of a mechanical structure,
machine or system to perform pre-
specified functions with the maximum
economy and efficiency.
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20. M. Asimow
A purposeful activity directed toward the
goal of fulfilling human needs, particularly
those which can be met by the
technological factors of our culture.
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21. C. Ruiz and F.
Koenigsberger
The complete intellectual process from the
conception of an idea based on
inspiration, knowledge and experience to
its final technical and commercial
realization.
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22. J. R. Dixon
Science-based problem solving with
social-human awareness, ... a high
level intellectual activity.
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23. R. E. Parr
The creative part of Engineering.
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24. W. H. Middendorf
The activity wherein various techniques
and scientific principles, are employed to
make decisions regarding the selection of
materials and the placement of these
materials to form a system or device,
which satisfies a set of specified and
implied requirements.
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25. A. D. Deutschman et al.
The mechanism whereby a requirement is
converted to a meaningful and functional
plan. The formulation into a satisfactorily
functioning device that satisfies the
original need.
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26. J. B. Reswick
The essential purpose of engineering.
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27. A B. Rosenstein and J. M.
English
An iterative decision making process for
developing engineering system or devices
whereby resources are optimally
converted into desired ends.
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28. T. T. Woodson An iterative decision making activity to produce the plans by which resources
are converted: preferably optimally, into systems or devices to meet human
needs.
J. P. Vidosic The process that uses engineering tools-mathematics, graphics, language-and
scientific principles to evolve a plan, which when fully carried out will satisfy a
human need.
G. B. R. Fielden The use of scientific principles, technical information and imagination in the
definition of a mechanical structure, machine or system to perform pre-specified
functions with the maximum economy and efficiency.
M. Asimow A purposeful activity directed toward the goal of fulfilling human needs,
particularly those which can be met by the technological factors of our culture.
C. Ruiz and F. Koenigsberger The complete intellectual process from the conception of an idea based on
inspiration, knowledge and experience to its final technical and commercial
realization.
J. R. Dixon Science-based problem solving with social-human awareness, ...a high level
intellectual activity.
R. E. Parr The creative part of Engineering.
W. H. Middendorf The activity wherein various techniques and scientific principles, are employed
to make decisions regarding the selection of materials and the placement of
these materials to farm a system or device which satisfies a set of specified and
implied requirements.
A. D. Deutschman et al. The mechanism whereby a requirement is converted to a meaningful and
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functional plan. The formulation into a satisfactorily functioning device that
satisfies the original need.
J. B. Reswick The essential purpose of engineering.
A B. Rosenstein and J. M. English An iterative decision making process for developing engineering system or
devices whereby resources are optimally converted into desired ends.
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29. TYPES of ENGINEERING DESIGN
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30. Pahl and Beitz, 1988
• Original design that involves elaborating an original solution
principle for a system with the same task, a similar task or a new
task. This may be the case of using a four-bar mechanism in the
development of a walking machine.
• Adaptive design, which involves adapting a known solution
principle to a changing task. Example: Design of a new gearbox,
based on the known gear trains.
• Variant design, which involves varying the size and/or arrangement
of certain aspects of the chosen system, while the function and
solution of the system remain, unchanged. Example: Belt Conveyor
design; Size of drum and belt width can be computed for a given
loading with no change on the design configuration.
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31. Dieter, 1991
• One-of-a-kind design; Design of special
purpose machines, Prototype machines,
• Design for mass production; Design of
washing machine,
• Large, expensive system design; Design of a
production line,
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• Design to code; Shaft design, Boiler design.
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32. Ullman, 1992
• Selection design involves choosing one item from a list of similar
items; Selection of bearing for a shaft.
• Configuration design in which all the components have been
designed and the problem is how to assemble them into the
complete product; Plant design, Conveyor layout design
• Parametric design involves finding values for the variables or
parameters that characterize the object being studied; Conveyor
design, Crane design.
• Original design is the development of a process, component or
assembly not previously existing; Design of a machine with a
specific purpose.
• Others (such as redesign, routine design)
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33. Duffey & Dixon,1990
• Functional design,
• Phenomenological design,
• Embodiment design,
• Attribute or configuration design,
• Parametric design.
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34. DEFINITIONS FOR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN OR
MACHINE DESIGN
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35. Machine Design
... is described as a creative thinking, planning
and synthesis supported by analyses in order to
produce a machine or system that will
accomplish a predefined physical work. Besides,
having the properties of the general design
concept, an important additional characteristic of
the machine design therefore is that, the artifact
to be designed should have a certain
functionality in terms of physical work.
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36. Machine Design
... is defined as the transformation of
parameters influencing a physical process
into concrete machine components,
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37. R. C. Johnson
The process of creating and selecting
configurations, shapes, materials, and
dimensions for something which is
physical in nature.
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38. W. Rodenacker
The transformation of the parameters
influencing physical process into concrete
machine components.
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39. P. Orlov
• To abstain from blindly copying the existing prototypes and to
design meaningfully, selecting from the entire store of the design
solutions offered by the present day mechanical engineering the
ones that are most suitable under given conditions.
• To be able to combine various solutions and find new, better ones,
i.e. display initiative and put vim in the work.
• To continually improve the machines characteristics and to
contribute to the progress in the given branch of mechanical
engineering.
• To follow the dynamic development of the industry and devise
versatile machines of long life amenable to further modernization
and capable of meeting the every growing demands of the national
economy without running the risks of obsolescent for a long time to
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40. J. P. Vidosic
• The formulation of a plan for a mechanism or
device capable of transmitting forces and
motions, and doing work or accomplishing a
specific function that must be done to satisfy a
human need as economically as possible.
• The formulation of plans to satisfy human needs
using the disciplines-engineering, sciences,
techniques, and other mental processes-that are
studied by mechanical engineers.
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41. E. Parr
The application of many of the principles
of science and technology in the creation
of a product and the consideration of the
various factors that effect its production
and use.
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42. MACHINE DESIGN =
MACHINE + ENGINEERING + DESIGN
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43. MACHINE DES IGN
MACHINE DESIGN
MACHINE ENGINEERING DESIGN
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44. Engineering Design and other
disciplines.
Requirements, Needs, Problems
DESIRES
Politics
Sociology,
Psychology
Economy
Methods and Procedures
Engineering Engineering Engineering Production
TOOLS Mathematics Science REALITIES
Science Design Technology Construction
Industrial Limitations
Design
Architectural
Design
Artistic
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Design
Art
CONCEPTS
Intuition, Creation
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45. DESIRES; Requirements, Needs, Problems
Effective as design criteria, and design rules
Legal codes, Standards,
Politics
Decisions regarding use of coal, or natural gas,
Promotion of a industrial sector.
Traditions should be carefully analyzed by the designers. A slaughterhouse should be
designed according to local religious factors.
Sociology, Psychology Social preferences cannot be overcome easily. Cooking kitchenware is an example.
Design user is a human. His/her preferences amy be the same as the designer
himself/herself.
Engineering design mainly deals to produce products to sell somebody else. Therefore
economical conditions are of utmost importance that determine the demand on the particular
Economy
product. It is not only demand to be considered, also the group of people who has developed
this demand is also important.
CONCEPTS; Intuition, Creativity
More focused on the user preferences, and ergonomic design to some extend. They
Industrial Design developed kind of empty shells wherein some machine components and machine elements
are placed by the engineering designers.
Architectural design Aesthetic design criteria are more overwhelming.
Satisfaction of the humans are more pronounced. Surface finish, selection of colors are
Artistic Design
examples.
Art Gives the basic rules like the color effect, etc.
TOOLS; Methods and Procedures
Statics, Dynamics, Strength of materials, Thermodynamics, Heat transfer, Fluid mechanics,
Engineering Science
Elasticity, Plasticity.
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Science Physics, Chemistry,
n r ee n gn E
Mathematics Calculus, Differential equations, Algorithms, Numerical analysis,
REALITIES; Limitations
Engineering Technology Machine elements, Manufacturing technology, quality control, reliability,
i
Production Production shop,
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49. Design activities
Design activities include
 Creativity,
 Decision-making,
 Modeling.
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50. E n g i n e e r i n g C r e a t i v i t y
Market Production
Technology
Conditions Facility
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51. Engineering creativity is a process in which a set of
machine components is selected to perform a
predetermined function.
It is mainly a mental activity; assistance by computer
technology is suggested. Designer's experience is also a
determining factor.
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52. Engineering creativity is a process in which a set of
machine components is selected to perform a
predetermined function.
It is mainly a mental activity; assistance by computer
technology is suggested. Designer's experience is also a
determining factor.
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54. Creativity
Among the many factors which effect
creativity in design are; designer’s
experience, designer’s ability, economic
factors, and designer’s own preference.
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56. A product should be designed to function
under all of the possible severe
environmental conditions.
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57. Remember
 The stage and level of industrialization of the
society is a factor in design,
 The social traditions cannot be overcome
easily,
 Sophistication and complexity of the design
product is to be determined by the user,
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 Economical conditions,
 Geographical and climatic conditions.
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58. Limitations of Design
 Design should not violate scientific rules,
 Design should be economical,
 Design should be compatible to psychology and
ergonomics,
 Design must satisfy requirements stated in
standards, laws, regulations,
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 Level of education and capabilities of the user,
 Production facilities.
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59. Scientific Principles Design
and Technology Process Evaluation
Design Information Feedback
Work
Product
Philosophy of Design
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60. to reach a perfect level ...
100 % Perfection
Level of
Perfection
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Time / Effort
Improvement of Level of Design with Time / Effort
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61. Work hard,
Think soft...
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