The, The Fundamental Way Of Communication

The, The Fundamental Way Of Communication
Introduction
In whole of the animal kingdom, human being's voice is unique and is the fundamental way of communication. The flexibility
of sound production and the range of frequency allow people use their voice to express their emotions (Chatterjee, 2011).
Ageing is the process for each human being to go through. As we all known, linguistic and acoustic characteristics of children's
voice and speech pattern are quite different from adults. Males and females' voices are striking different in pitch. These
differences are mainly caused by differences in the anatomical structures of the larynx, which change rapidly over time due to
individual's growth(Tielen, 1989; Kaur, 2015). Especially during childhood and adolescence, personal physiology changes
quickly and their skill of co–articulation also increased (Kaur, 2015). The larynx and vocal folds do not entirely mature until
late adolescence (Mwangi et al., 2009). In particular, noticeable change related to Hormone occurs among boys. For pre–
pubertal boys and girls, their vocal apparatus is almost the same, which means their fundamental frequencies are entirely
similar. During puberty, the changes in the larynx's size and character causes voice cracking and characteristic pitch breaks.
This grows more rapidly and extremely among boys, rather than girls, due to the inner secretion of sex hormones (Tielen,
1989). After this period, individual's voice might be stable in several decades (Chatterjee, 2011). While, a significant
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Fight Club Figurative Language
1. Adam's Apple– The bump on the front of the thyroid cartilage.
Sentence: While playing baseball the other day, Tyler was hit in his Adam's Apple by a fly ball that he lost in the sun.
2. Arytenoids– One of the two pyramid–shaped cartilages of the larynx.
Sentence: The Arytenoids play a major part in forming a person's larynx, which allows a person to breathe, talk, and protect
their trachea.
3. Cricoid– The signet–ring shaped cartilage of the larynx.
Sentence: If a person's cricoid is ever damaged in some type of way, it could lead to serious issues involving their ability to
open and close their air passages while attempting to speak or breathe.
4. Epiglottis– The spoon– or leaf–shaped cartilage of the larynx.
Sentence: Little Johnny didn't believe he had an epiglottis inside of his throat, so we had him open his mouth and throat real
wide, we then took a picture of it so he could understand what we were talking about.
5. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fundamental Tone– The sound produced by the vibration of the vocal folds as a whole unit.
Sentence: Every person has a unique fundamental tone that creates their voice and makes it an original for others to listen to.
6. Fused Cartilage– Joint together cartilage.
Sentence: In almost everybody's body there are different examples of fused cartilage that ensure all the different muscles and
bones in a person continue to perform properly.
7. Glottis– The Space between the true vocals.
Sentence: The glottis allows a person to make certain sounds with their voice, that they wouldn't be allowed to make if there
weren't space between their vocal

Cricothyroid Stereotypes
Regardless of gender, humans tend to start their lives with similar capacities and productions. All genders are born with a
larynx, our primary organ for vibration, which biologically functions to keep air flowing through the respiratory system and
keep foreign objects out. Additionally, children's vocal folds have an average fundamental frequency, or vocal fold vibration, of
250 Hz per second. However, the larynx also has the nonbiological function of acting as a vibratory source for speech. This is a
complex system and so produces a lot of variety in speech, particularly between men and women. Therefore, vocal production
becomes indicative of how a person is perceived, partially based on societal assumptions. For cisgender individuals this results
in an accurate representation, but transgender individuals are often "betrayed" by their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Cricothyroid approximation involves moving the cricoid cartilage backward and upward and thyroid cartilage forward and
downward.
The cricothyroid allows the thyroid to rock while the cricoid is stationary, causing the folds to stretch; performing surgery on it
brings the cartilages closer together, increasing tension, and thereby allows one to achieve a more desired pitch. This surgery is
done through a neck incision, which makes the Adam's apple look smaller, possibly giving the individual a more preferred look
in addition to the pitch change.
For Commissure advancement, a center strip of the anterior commissure is cut from the thyroid cartilage. The vocal cords are
then "detached in the subperichondrial plane, and the cartilage strip is advanced and secured using a metal splint" (American,
2003). A successful surgery tightens and increases tension in the vocal folds. Commissure advancement and endolaryngeal
shortening can increase one's fundamental frequency by 40 to 50 Hz (American,

Comparing The Credos Of Haydn And Palestrina
Comparing the Credos of Haydn and Palestrina It can be assumed that different composers will convey different approaches to
writing for the service of the Mass. For the sake of this discussion, we will focus on the Credo. In this paper, I will examine the
works of Joseph Haydn and Giovanni Palestrina and compare certain elements such as the length, instrumentation, rhythm,
articulation, dynamics, range, language, melody, and harmony. The analysis will be taken from Haydn's "Nelson Mass" (1798)
and Palestrina's "Missa Papae Marcelli". First, let us determine the differences in length between the two Credos. In Haydn's
work, the piece extends for eighty–three measures. It also marked that it should be performed at a quick pace, being ... Show
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When comparing the rhythm of these two works, it is important to note that both pieces appear to be written in cut time.
Though, upon further inspection, it seems more likely to categorize Palestrina's work as a 4/2 time signature. However, both are
reflective of a simple meter. In Haydn's piece, because of the number of instruments used, there is a good amount of rhythmic
variation between the parts. For example, as seen in the example to the left, the violins feature eighth note runs at multiple
sections while the chorus sings independently from them. His movement also makes use of sixteenth notes and grace notes. In
the same way that a large ensemble can employ multiple rhythms, the smaller number of voices used in Palestrina's Credo
means that there is less opportunity for such variation. As seen in the example to the right, it is common for at least two voice
parts to be similar to each other. In this way, Palestrina has written his Credo section in a chordal style. While he also uses short
eighth runs, it is not to the extent of Haydn's work.
The next elements that I will be analyzing are the articulation and dynamic markings. Both pieces include markings of some
kind. Haydn uses more articulation in his work, marking notes with staccatos, trills, and turns. The excerpt to the left
exemplifies how Haydn marked a violin section. His extensive use of articulations could be attributed to his use of instruments
alonside of voices. Palestrina utilizes a couple

College Admissions Essay: The Moment That Changed My Life
From the very first moment I sat on the piano bench and touched the black–and–white keys, I instantly felt in my heart that my
future would be irretrievably bonded to this magical instrument.
Growing up in a city, I enjoy the irresistible chaos of a bustling city life: hucksters crying above the traffic noise along the street
and the garish neon light beaconing the sky until midnight. The metropolitan setting changed the mode when my family moved
to the United States two years ago and rented an one–bedroom apartment in the city of Poway, a quiet place with virtually no
sound made at night besides the chirping of crickets and the croaking of frogs. How many nights I quietly lay on the carpet
floor, contemplating how lonely in this new land I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Singing in front of thousands of people on stage, as I unraveled the melody with the ensemble, has brought me contentment;
music has transported me to another realm in which I am filled with enthusiasm and positive energy. I have to give credit to my
journey with vocal music. It is because of choir experience that I found my passion, made my most precious friends, and
discovered the helpful hands in our society, without which I could not easily live my dream. As a low–income student, I
fervently aspire to found my own organization where I can raise money to help other disadvantaged students realize their
dreams in college.That's why I have just started opening up a web store as a charity, where I sell the antiques that I collected
from weekend estate sell in an effort to make some profits from that, so I will be able to donate them to those children. I hope
more people can join my cause, so we can successfully benefit the lives of

The Vocal Folds Of The Larynx
Introduction:
The larynx is the part of the respiratory system that contains the vocal folds, and is responsible for the creation of sound. The
larynx sits on top of the trachea or windpipe, which allows for air to pass to and from the lungs when the body inhales and
exhales. Positioned at the upper opening of the larynx are two mucous membranes that make up the vocal folds or glottis. The
vocal folds consist of twin flaps of cartilage, on average two to four centimeters long, in the shape of a "V" that vibrate together
when air passes through the trachea. They work together with the resonating chambers in the head, like the nose and mouth, to
create sound. This process is known as phonation, "...The phonation process, or voicing, occurs ... Show more content on
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Honey is a common household food item with many medicinal properties, and is a hypertonic osmotic. The goal of osmosis is
to bring substances with a high concentration of particles to a lower concentration and equalize both solvents on either side. A
hypertonic osmotic is a substance that is able to draw decrease the concentration of fluid in cells through osmosis due to the
higher concentration of pressure outside the cells, than inside the cells. The significant amount of sugar present in honey is what
raises pressure to draw any leakage out of enlarged cells. "The antibacterial property of honey was first recognized in 1892 by
Van Ketel. It has often been assumed that this is due entirely to the osmotic effect of its high sugar content. Honey, like other
saturated sugar syrups and sugar pastes, has an osmolarity sufficient to inhibit microbial growth (Molan. 2001)". The osmotic
nature of honey draws excess fluid out of inflamed or infected cells. The Goal of this experiment is to identify the impact of
honey and water on vocal range. Through measuring the difference between the total number of musical notes sung by
participants before exposure to the dependent variable (honey water mixture); and after, the effectiveness of honey water will be
demonstrated. The measurable results of this experiment are the starting vocal ranges of each subject tested, the experimental
results of the subjects' vocal ranges after drinking the honey water mixture, and the

Emotional Literacy
6. Areas of expertise have their own specific language. What are some of the terms that are associated with each of the areas
you chose?
Terms associated with emotional literacy are 'awareness' (of one's and others' feelings), 'understanding', 'tact' (being sensitive to
others), 'control' (of one's emotions and current expressions when trying to avoid offending or creating conflict with others),
'empathy' and 'sympathy.'
Terms associated with singing literacy would be 'chest voice,' 'head voice,' 'mixed voice,' 'falsetto,' 'voice box,' 'hard palate,' 'soft
palate,' and 'vocal folds.' Terms associated with acting are 'portrayal,' 'tone,' 'embodying,' 'theatre voice' (loud, exaggerated),
'imagination," 'body language,' 'facial expressions' 'empathy' (towards the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I believe that even strangers whom you communicate with for a short period of time can sense your emotional literacy if they
form an impression on how interesting, pleasant, or easy you are to talk to. Someone with a poor sense of emotional literacy
will give off the wrong first impression. These are the times when some strangers don't share my emotional literacy– if they are
rude or socially awkward.
The group of people whom I share my acting and singing literacies are my performing arts teachers, and the talented individuals
whom I worked with, and lastly, my choir and theatre groups. They are emotional, artistic, sensitive, understanding, but also
competitive, and tough.
The groups of people I share my visual art literacy are my art teachers. I share my technology literacy with my family and
friends who have technology literacy, and most importantly my computer teachers who taught me the various computer skills I
learned growing up. I also share my digital art literacy with various Instagram

The Career Of A Singing Career
There are many careers someone can choose based on personal preference and hobbies. One of the best jobs is a singing career.
The reason for this choice of career is that it can be very rewarding. We all have some big name star that pops into our head
when we hear the word "singer". Maybe it is Beyonce or Justin Bieber, depending on personal music type. Singing is a way to
express how you feel through songs when words can't.
Careers come in a variety of forms and many have complex jobs. A singing career is a pretty straight forward job, at first
glance. There are many different jobs that someone in this career path has to do on a day to day basis. First, writing music and
lyrics. Before a singer can start on a career they need a plan, so in singing it isn't a good idea to just jump right in without some
music. This can either be an original music piece or a covers of another artist's songs. Second is having to perform for crowds
and other groups. If a singer wants to gain recognition and fame, they need to perform for others. One of ... Show more content
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The earnings make have to do with how much merchandise such as t–shirts and cds are sold at a concert. Another way to earn
money in this career is tips. These can be during starting years as well as when the singer gains popularity. Another thing that
plays a big part in how much money a singer will earn yearly is how many shows they perform at or if they volunteer at
different places that will allow them to get some extra money. The singer won't be able to keep all the money they earn because
if they are apart of a contract, some of that money will go to the rest of the group. Plus, if at anytime they choose to play an
instrument like for instance, a guitar, they are going to need to buy equipment to help them perform like microphones and the
stands, monitors, and compact disks

LSVT Research Paper
Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT)
There are many treatment methods that are used to target increasing vocal loudness and amplitude, particularly in individuals
with Parkinson's Disease. The Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) "is an intensive, 1–month speech therapy regimen that
trains dysarthric individuals with Parkinson's Disease to speak in a louder voice while self–monitoring the effort it takes to
produce such a voice" (Sapir, Spielman, Ramig, Story, & Fox, 2007). The treatment focus is to improve the individual's voice
quality and vocal function. Although the treatment program is aimed for individuals with Parkinson's Disease, research has been
done on individuals with hypomimia, traumatic brain injury, strokes, Dysarthria, Velopharyngeal ... Show more content on
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LSVT was shown to improve areas of "loudness, articulatory precision and speech intelligibility, increased loudness levels in
sustained phonation, conversation and reading and increased duration of sustained phonation and fundamental frequency range"
(Wenke et al., 2008). LSVT has also shown an "increase in loudness that is associated with "greater inspiratory lung volumes in
normal speakers and increased adduction of the vocal folds" in individuals with respiratory–phonatory function in individuals
with non–progressive dysarthria (Wenke et al., 2008). Research has identified that generalization of improving loudness may
also improve non–verbal behaviors of orofacial muscles that are used for articulation and swallowing (Spielman et al.,

Analysis Of The Poem ' Waiting At Come Onstage '
Waiting to come onstage is one of the most terrifying experiences one can have. Knowing that in around three or so minutes
you will be called onstage to be judged and viewed by an awaiting crowd of your peers strikes you to the core and puts the
familiar pang of pressure and anxiety straight into your stomach. Which takes us to the beginning of our story; enter, me, in a
blonde shoulder length wig. I am dressed in a flowing white shirt, laced with frills and puffed sleeves. Atop my shirt lays my
purple velvet cape, a cape which is made out of the same material which is present without my purple pantaloons and my purple
cap. I am Archibald, the Alright; an Idylic and Aesthetic poet, about to secure the love of my life, Patience. I am sweating, and
my heart is beating out of my chest.
Now, in approximately one minute, I will enter the stage, and immediately begin singing a duet with my actor partner for the
night. After this song, we will speak our dialogue and then exit the stage. A simple concept, but an experience that can wrack
the mind and senses should anything go wrong, should your flow be interrupted, or should you freeze. My lips flutter and
frenzy as I mentally live each scene in vivid detail. "Patiencecanitbethatyoudonotrecognizeme?
ArchibaldwhynoIdonotcoulditbe?Why,Patience,yesitis..." The process is accentuated by my anxious fiddling with the lily
precariously placed within my pants, to be produced later in my scene. I work through my song, producing the vocal

Dysphona And Self-Esteem Case Studies
Vicky has returned for review six weeks since the last appointment. Overall she has been quite well during that time, but having
paid closer attention, is reporting intermittent episodes of laryngospasm/vocal cord dysfunction. Specifically after extended
periods of talking, Vicky is noticing some tightness in her larynx and at times dysphonia. She may also become slightly
breathless, but with slow breathing and resting her voice, her symptoms settle within a few minutes. Separate to this, she has
also noted intermittent retrosternal tightness and mild dyspnoea that is consistently relieved with belching. She is no reporting
any exertional symptoms.
A recent bronchoprovocation test has come back negative thus excluding asthma as a cause

Symptoms And Treatment Of An Idiopathic Etiology
As previously reported, Ms. Noid referred herself for a voice evaluation because of a chronic, persistent dysphonia
characterized by "severe hoarseness and breathiness." She had a recent ENT report indicating a "left adductor vocal cord
paralysis" which is paralyzed in the intermediate position. Furthermore, she has reported that her symptoms have persisted for
18 months, eliminating the possibility of an idiopathic etiology. After completing a voice evaluation, recommendations for
medical clearance would include evaluations performed by a laryngologist, neurologist, and/or evaluations performed by
professionals who would be part of the client's medical team. The recommendation for treatment options would be begin by
educating the client, and providing her with behavioral and medical treatment options. Furthermore, Ms. Noid would be
informed with the benefits and potential side effects of the various treatments. Since Ms. Noid, presents with a left adductor
vocal fold paralysis in the intermediate position (situated midway between abduction and paramedian position), behavioral
interventions could be applied before considering surgical treatments. With vocal fold paralysis, Ms. Noid may have developed
compensatory mechanisms, which can be eliminated through education and proper compensatory techniques. Behavioral
treatments that can be implemented include: Pushing Techniques, Vocal Function Exercises, Resonant Voice Therapy, or Lee
Silverman Voice Therapy (LSVT). Pushing

Auditory Feedback Research Paper
Larynx–The larynx also known as the voice box is a part of the respiratory system that's in charge of holding the vocal cords in
their place. This part of the body is important and responsible for the production of speech and for the body to inhale and
exhale. This part is mainly composed of muscles and cartilages put together by tissues. It is located between the pharynx and
the trachea forming part of the windpipe that allows the body to receive oxygen. It also prevents the body from choking, and
makes eating possible by using the epiglottis that drops the larynx aside. Without this part of the body communication and most
important being able to survive wouldn't be able to be produced.
Vowels–Vowels are letters of the alphabet that have a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Motor theory in the speech point of view is used to represent a hypothesis of what people speak by the identification of the
vocal tracts gestures produced by the mouth. Usually the way people used to identify or perceive spoken words way by the use
of sound patterns produced. This theory was created by Alvin Liberman and Franklin S. Cooper around the 1900s century in the
Haskins Laboratory. This Motor theory was mainly created with the purpose of using pattern playback and using them to create
reading machines. By the initial starting of this theory many branches and doors opened for the discovery of many factors of
speech

Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis ( Uvfp )
Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Heather Newberg
Jacksonville University
INTRODUCTION
Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) is the complete immobility of one vocal fold. According to Sapienza and Ruddy (2013),
"90% of vocal fold paralysis that occurs is unilateral and caused by damage to the peripheral nervous system" (p. 189). Vocal
fold paralysis is typically considered a symptom of a disease or neurologic disruption. In one study, it was found that vocal fold
paralysis was caused by surgical trauma, tumors or neoplasms, unknown or idiopathic factors, trauma, central nervous system
dysfunction, radiation, inflammatory, cardiovascular, and other causes (Chen, Jen, Wang, Lee, & Lin, 2007). Symptoms of
unilateral vocal fold paralysis may include: aphonia, abnormal vocal quality (breathy, hoarse, and/or strained), and dysphagia.
Onset of UVFP may be life altering as the individual has to find compensatory strategies for voicing or even alternative
methods of communication. The individual is also left susceptible to aspiration due to the lack of airway protection. These
factors make it critical to diagnose the impairment so as to provide the appropriate treatment.
DIAGNOSIS
Vocal fold paralysis is diagnosed by an otolaryngologist through the use of endoscopy, laryngostroboscopy, and laryngeal
electromyography. Two types of endoscopes may be used to visualize the vocal folds. One type is a rigid endoscope that is
placed in the back of the oral cavity with a camera pointing down

Tommy Callahan Case Summary
BACKGROUND: Tommy Callahan, a 9–year old male, participated in a voice evaluation on September 5, 2015 through the
services of the Jackson State University Center for Speech–Language Pathology. The evaluation took place during a single
session. Tommy was escorted by his mother, Mrs. Kirsten Callahan. Mrs. Callahan provided the case history information.
CASE HISTORY: Tommy Callahan, a 9–year old male, was referred for a voice evaluation and therapy by Dr. Larry Nix, an
otolaryngologist. He was scheduled for a follow–up speech evaluation after a tonsil and adenoidectomy one year earlier.
Nasoendoscopy revealed velopharyngeal incompetency. During videostroboscopy, bilateral vocal nodules were also identified.
The patient's mother reported that he went from sounding, "stopped up all the time," to sounding, "almost like a deaf person, but
he doesn't act like his hearing is different." When Dr. Nix explained what causes nodules, Mrs. Callahan noted he has always
sounded hoarse because he was always acting out the latest Marvel Comics or Transformers movie. INTERVIEW: ... Show
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An interview was conducted in which the client's mother stated that she feels that Tommy's voice quality is becoming
progressively worse. Tommy has also begun to perceive the difference compared to his peers. He stated, "I sound different from
all of my friends at school. They say 'Tommy, what's wrong with you? Why do you sound like that?'" In response to his friends'
inquisitiveness about his voice, Mrs. Callahan stated that Tommy is becoming less talkative. During the interview, a connected
speech sample was taken whereby Tommy was asked to read the Limpy standard reading passage aloud. Low pitch and
hoarseness were evident during the

Symptoms And Treatment Of The Vocal Fold Polyps
Introduction Vocal fold polyps are common in the general population. They affect the vibratory vocal fold function resulting in
significant dysphonia which are often surgically correctable. They are confined to the superficial lamina propria (SLP) of the
vocal folds . Nowadays , phonomicrosurgery is the most common treatment of vocal fold polyps , and became a new standard
of care to remove pathology in these cases without scar formation . The term phonomicrosurgery was introduced in 1994 , the
principle of which lies in maximal preservation of the layered microstructure of the vocal folds , that is the epithelium and
superficial lamina propria (SLP) . Physicians prescribe antireflux therapy in the form of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) after
phonomicrosurgery for vocal fold polyps depending on the base that laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR) plays an important role in
pathogenesis of benign vocal fold mucosal lesion including polyps. Liquid alginate has been used in the treatment of symptoms
of reflux disease with promising results for many years, sometimes in combination with H2–receptor antagonists or proton
pump inhibitors (PPIs). It is effective by producing a mechanical antireflux barrier within the fundus of the stomach.. The
formation of barrier reduces the risk of further symptoms due to reflux of gastric contents into the oesophagus so , combination
of proton pump inhibitors ( PPIs) and liquid alginate is expected to give

Cervical Auscultation: A Case Study
Cervical auscultation (CA) has been used to assess the pathophysiology of the swallowing process based on the swallowing
sounds during deglutition cite{}. In CA method, a stethoscope or an acoustic detector such as a microphone (Mic) or an
accelerometry (ACC) is placed on the patient's cervical skin in the region of the larynx to listen or record the swallowing
acoustic vibrations cite{,,}. Acoustic information provided in this method is corresponding to the movement of the
hyolaryngeal structure during the act of deglutition cite{}, which is an essential component of the swallowing function and
would provide important information regarding the abnormality in the swallowing function cite{}.
A stethoscope is originally used in this method ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lots of attempts have been focused on the figuring out the parameters of the swallowing sounds, which would be useful to
classify healthy swallows from unhealthy swallows or in the advanced level to detect aspiration during the act of swallowing
cite{,,,,,}. Previous studies have been tried to characterize the swallowing sounds recorded by the Mic and the accelerometry
by extracting different features in various domains of the time, frequency, and time–frequency cite{,,,,}. The results have been
indicated that the Mic and the dual–axial swallowing accelerometry are valid approaches for detection of swallowing
difficulties cite{,,,,}. In addition, they have indicated that each axis of the dual accelerometry, anterior–posterior (A–P) and
superior–interior (S–I) directions, provide discriminate information about the swallowing function cite{,,,}. Moreover, we
presented in our previous research that employing the third axis, medial–lateral (M–L), would be beneficial as it offers
complementary information about the swallowing functions cite{}. While researchers have investigated the use of the Mic and
the accelerometry separately in the several studies cite{,,,,,,,}, few of them have employed and compared these two sensors,
simultaneously, on the same subjects and under the same conditions cite{,,,}. These two sensors might have the same
physiological resources, but they may record signals with different features because of their different mechanism of the
recording cite{,,}. Some previous studies have shown that swallowing accelerometry and swallowing sounds carry different
information about the deglutition cite{,}. One study supported an electret microphones vs an accelerometer for recording
swallowing sound cite{} whereas another study had the opposite outcome

A Short Note On A Functional Laryngeal Disorder
Case Study #1
A functional laryngeal disorder is one that does not have a known physical cause. Functional laryngeal disorders are recognized
as the misuse of the laryngeal apparatus or the larynx being used in an abusive manner. One type of a functional laryngeal
disorder is a vocal fold polyp. A vocal fold polyp is a singular occurrence on one vocal cord or both. A polyp is a growth which
resembles a blister like bump. In addition, a hemorrhage is a blood vessel that ruptures which causes a collection of blood
within the layers of the vocal cord, this can be seen as a bruise on the vocal cord. Adele has suffered from a vocal fold polyp
with hemorrhage.
There is no known specific cause for the development of polyps, but there are several risk factors. The two most common
factors that contribute to a polyp's formation are vocal abuse and misuse; they can also form from one simple traumatic event.
Polyps can develop from allergies, singing, yelling, chronic coughing, talking loudly, inhaling irritating substances, and long
term smoking or drinking. For example, the vocal folds vibrate at an immense rate where they then come in contact with each
other causing stress on the vocal folds. Speaking, yelling or singing for a prolonged period can cause them to swell. If you do
not rest and continue to use your voice the swelling can turn into a polyp, this is an example of vocal abuse. Vocal fold polyps
are known to be benign meaning they are noncancerous and noncontagious. In

Is Polyphonic Overtone Singing?
"Overtones are a frequency higher than the fundamental frequency of a sound and harmonizes with the fundamental note as
well. To my surprise, many people do not hear the overtones that I intentionally create which led me the looking at the roots and
basics of overtones and overtones singing. Every sound in the world has an overtone. Some we can hear, some we can't. When
singing, I never heard overtones until someone else performed it for me for the first time. After some instructions, I started to
notice overtones which was never there before. Sometimes I even doubt myself that they exist. Overtones is a high whistling
sound that once you hear once, you will not forget it again. One commonly known type of overtone sing is Polyphonic overtone
singing, a technique which produces two notes in perfect harmony. The lower of the two is generated by the vibrations of vocal
folds in the larynx which is the same process for everyday speech. This sound wave is a fundamental frequency, as it has the
longest wavelength that will fit inside the resonant cavity formed by the speaker's mouth and throat. Produced alongside this
low note are numerous overtones or harmonics, waves with higher frequencies that can also fit into the body's cavity a whole
number of times. By moving the tongue, lips and soft palate, the shape of the cavity can then be adjusted so as to isolate
individual overtones at will. Ordinarily, this process occurs with the vibration of the larynx to produce a single

Informative Speech On Toddlers
Toddler Development
I. Questioning a cool breeze that whips across the face. Which inherits the mind to think, causing it to start its beginning of
learning. Natural curiosity is guaranteed in the human mind; it defends our culture. But why do toddlers, think and question
everything? Well, becoming new to this world toddler want to soak up everything and as much as possible. That is why in this
phase, toddlers are called "little sponges". But once this is profound, they grow into "little investigators". On this journey,
children tend to learn about emotions and psychology then can enhance their emotions and characteristics. When toddlers hit
age two they understand and observe certain behaviors. This stage is known as "terrible twos" because ... Show more content on
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From the time of hearing voices in the womb to actually watching music in a concert, toddlers now want to develop speech
control. By this stage the toddlers' vocal chords should be fully developed, but are still adapting. This is why most toddlers have
high pitched voices.
A. Testing and exercising their new, developed instruments may sound as if they are babbling, screaming, or different mouth–
vocal chord coordination's. However, to much action with vocal chord movement, such as screaming may lead to permanent
damage.
1. To prevent perennial damage, it is best to ask or teach the toddler to have a conversation about their problems, when capable.
Even though they still don't understand that the world doesn't evolve around them, which causes them to cry or babble which is
a which to communicate. However, toddlers are still forming words, therefore babbling is them trying to speak.
2. Patterns and rhythms are used in the timing of vocal interactions. This process is self–taught and was most used during
pregnancy. By the vibration of the sound or voice, toddlers can recognize the pattern of what was being said or performed,
without actually understanding the vocabulary or terms.
a. The tendency to use actual literacy will increase as toddlers grow, but some are left to have a decrease or plain, which
produces the lack of communication or vocal

Social Variation Of American English
There are many social variation in American English, they are associated with age, gender, sexual orientation and ethnicity.
Recently, several linguistic trends to investigate the speech of women, one of these is vocal fry. Vocal fry is speech that is very
low pitched and creaky sounding shaped by a slow movement of the vocal cords. It considered to be a voice disorder (Tamasi,
P132). Also people tend to have a lot of negative attitude towards vocal fry.
Creaky voice is been used by movie star Mae West in a film from 1933 (Tamasi, P132). Since the 1960s, the vocal fry, falsetto
and modal have been put into the three lowest vocal register. Vocal fry is be notice in recent decade, so people might not know
when it started to use, and complete history of it yet. However, we know it had been added in to music, such as pop singer
Britney Spears, used vocal fry as a way to reach low notes and as style. Later, more and more music stars and women doing it.
People can heard vocal fry in music, radio stations, and television shows (Fessenden). People use vocal fry increasing
nowadays. The prescriptive grammar does not say about this item, because it does not relate to grammar. It relates to voice pitch
and speech pathology. Is it is vocal fry consider to be a speech pathology? In one hand, "Originally it was studied as a speech
pathology, something that occurred due to injury or some sort of congenital defect. Today we know it can be done as an
affectation as well," Klofstad

Hyperfunctional Voice Disorders Research Paper Outline
Hyperfunctional Voice Disorders
Hyperfunctional voice disorders are voice problems that happen when uncontrollable tightening (spasm) prevents the vocal
cords from working properly. Vocal cords normally move back and forth to make sounds when air passes through the voice box
(larynx). If you have a hyperfunctional voice disorder, the area of the brain that controls vocal cord movement does not send the
right signals. This causes the vocal cords to spasm. Hyperfunctional voice disorders might also be referred to as muscle tension
dysphonia.
Sometimes the spasms force the vocal cords open when they should be closed. This makes you lose your voice. Sometimes the
spasms cause the vocal cords to close too tightly. This makes your voice sound ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
DIAGNOSIS
You may be diagnosed with a hyperfunctional voice disorder based on:
Your symptoms.
Your medical history.
A physical exam to check your larynx and evaluate your speech.
Procedures that are done to:
○ Examine your throat with a scope that has a tiny camera on the end (laryngoscope). The scope projects images onto a monitor
(direct laryngoscopy).
○ Examine the movement of your vocal cords in the reflection of a mirror (indirect laryngoscopy).
○ Check the movement of your vocal cords in slow motion, using a special flickering light (laryngeal stroboscopy).
○ Test the electrical activity of your larynx muscles (electromyography or EMG).
You may also see a health care provider who specializes in conditions of the ear, nose, and throat (otolaryngologist or ENT
specialist) or conditions of the nervous system (neurologist).
TREATMENT
There is no cure for this condition. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of your voice.
Treatment depends on the specific type of voice disorder you have, and may include:
Injections of botulinum toxin to block the brain signals that cause your vocal cords to spasm. These injections need to be
repeated because the effects last only 3–4

Communication And Communication Disorder
Communication is a challenging skill for me. It is difficult for me to connect what my brain is thinking with what comes out of
my mouth or what I put on paper. Sometimes, I look at what I have written after being away from it for awhile and realize that
wasn't what I meant at all. I also say things at times that aren't what I am really thinking. When I was a newborn, surgery on my
heart severed the nerves to my vocal cords, resulting in vocal cord paralysis. Physically, this made learning to speak difficult,
and I spent years in speech therapy. Although I do still have the paralysis, I learned to compensate for it. I still don't have a very
loud voice. When I had to do presentations in school, my teachers would let me borrow their microphones so I could be heard.
Technology helps me deal with my physical disability but I still struggle with a "communication disorder."
From the time I was six months old, I worked with a speech therapist. When I was three years old I entered a preschool program
for the disabled. I stuttered frequently. I would start a sentence and then say, "Ah, ah, ah, ah.." I needed to buy time to get the
words from my brain to my mouth. My sentences became disorganized when I spoke because I could not come up with the right
words. My classmates would have blank and confused faces, so I knew I had made a mistake again. I felt frustrated for
speaking in such an awkward and embarrassing way. With the help of speech therapy, I was eventually able to stop

Singing Is A Universal Language
Singing is a universal language. It is a way of human's self–expression. A way in which you can show your emotion, idea,
feelings, enjoyment and satisfaction. From the article of journal week, some feel personal satisfaction when singing because it
is a fun way to express themselves or perhaps internalize the song. Singing is defined as the production of musical tones by
means of the human voice. The parts of the human body, specifically the lungs, voice box, larynx, stomach, the tongue and lips
are also used in this manner, which is coordinated in the establishment of vocal technique and made to interact upon one
another. The songs incorporates many aspects of cultural or social identity, including nationalism, political affiliation and ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2015) the choral ensemble, as a vehicle for group instruction, provides an exciting and powerful means of creating music,
however it shows absolute challenges when attempting to assess the achievement of its individual members. A quality choir
group depends on individual members who makes possibilities. He also stated that another key characteristic of choir singing is
that the members must be able to sing as a group as well as the capability to sing individually and must better know their own
part. This would mean that they need to be well synchronized, starting and ending parts in unison or in a specific timing. The
blending of their voices and being sensitive as to fit other's voices is much important. To be more organized, most of the group
must have a leader. A leader for soprano, alto, tenor, and bass especially during rehearsal. It is also to identify the strengths and
weaknesses of each member. One good advantage of assigning a member of the choir to be the leader is to help them further
develop their musicality and leadership as well as to help the conductor

Spiderman Argumentative Essay
What is a day like spending the entire time playing Spiderman? All activities involve running from Venom or some other bad
guy in the comic collection, killing bad guys with spider webs, internalizing one's spider senses, and pretending to have
imaginary objects that benefit oneself in the defeating of Venom, Green Goblin, and Dococ. After the imaginary battle is over,
the celebration of one's victories is designated with eating pizza rolls. During the meal, winners continuously switch back and
forth between watching The Amazing World of Gumball, a television show on Cartoon Network, and video game footage on
YouTube. All around, this seems as an incredible day correct? For the most part, taking one day of my hectic schedule to
babysit a roustabout five years old was totally worth the decision. He was like the energizer bunny by always talking, laughing,
and moving without any trace of exhaustion. Nonetheless, these qualities are precisely normal for young ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Alongside temper tantrums, obnoxious outbursts and crying fits are completely subsided by the neurological progress taking
place. Spiderman perfectly demonstrated embarrassment when talking about the dream, fear when I teased about telling
everyone, and humor when he figured out I was only kidding. To illustrate, his grin grew twice as wide to show his miniature
dimples, his face turned red, and his hands flew up to cover his eyes. Since Spiderman, my friend, and I played a fictional game
of defeating Venom, theorists may suspect the innocent child of having imaginary friends. He personally created each individual
in his head and all the scenes corresponding with them. The young, naïve child even thought my friend and I could visually see
all his make–believe associates. Eventually, he resorted to telling us all the important details and current events since he
assumed we were the immature

Communication Changes For Healthy Ageing And Effective...
Communication changes in healthy ageing and effective communication with older people
Ageing is an inevitable process that every individual has to face. As such, it is key that individuals are able to differentiate
whether communication changes are caused by healthy ageing, disease or disability. This report will focus on the occurrence of
communication changes due to healthy ageing. Healthy aging is the process of enhancing one's well–being while sustaining
their functional ability as they progress into elderhood (World Health Organization [WHO], 2015c). As a result of healthy
ageing, areas in communication such as hearing, language and voice could be affected. This report will provide an overview of
the current literature on the three ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a consequence of presbycusis, older adults' confidence levels might drop and they might become less initiative in starting a
conversation (Hummert, Wieman, & Nussbaum, 1994). This, in turn, could lead reduced participation in different social
activities and the older people might eventually develop a sense of loneliness (Lotfi, Mehrkian, Moossavi, & Faghih–Zadeh,
2009).
Voice
With healthy ageing, there could be several changes in an older adult's vocal mechanism, in particular, the larynx. One of the
main changes is the increase in the concentration of collagen fibres, causing vocal folds to become more rigid which in turn
results in the instability of vocal fold vibrations (Hammond, Gray, & Butler, 2000). Another normal age–related voice change is
the degeneration of vocal muscles which could have been a result of programmed cell death (apoptosis) (Malmgren, Jones, &
Bookman, 2001; Martins et al., 2015). This is directly associated with presbyphonia which could contribute to a shortness of
breath and troubles increasing one's voice (Martins et al., 2015). Presbyphonia is the biological modification to one's voice as a
result of structural deterioration in the coverage mucosa, muscle and cartilage due to aging (Ford, 2004). The extent of the
decline is associated with an individual's physical and mental well–being, lifestyle, race and genes (Martins et al., 2015)
Additionally, a reduction in the number of mucous glands in vestibular folds is

The War Of The United States
"And you think Edward is going to allow us to pull government back together without a fight." "Definitely not. We can expect a
fight. I guarantee bloodshed. We're going to have to be cunning and move quickly. When we're ready, we will also need
muscle." "I have about two hundred men on my estate. I have one small group of men who has some paramilitary training. The
vast majority are plain old farmhands; we wouldn't stand a chance against a professional military." "That's when you can count
on me. Several former high–ranking military officers have joined the revolution. As we speak, they're pulling together their
units and reorganizing a standing militia. We'll be ready to protect your convention and stand up to whatever The Movement
has left to throw at us. You'll also be able to count on them to enforce Connecticut state law until you can assemble a state
police force." "When do you want me to hold this convention? It will take me time to get the word out to the delegates, and
that's assuming I can even locate them." "We're moving quickly. Time is not on our side. We're hopeful that we can hold the
conventions before Thanksgiving this year." "November, huh, three months from now; it's ambitious, but I guess it's doable."
William contemplated the logistics. He could send Blue Hills' farmhands all across Connecticut. If they rode like Paul Revere,
there was a chance they could spread the word across the state and meet the November deadline. "All right," William said.

Age Related Dysphonia Case Study
The aging process impacts the vocal mechanism as it does any other system of the body. In one of the few studies that reviewed
vocal disorders in the geriatric population, the incidence of vocal disorders in people 65 years or older was between 12% and
35%. (Davids, Klein, Johns, 2012). Of that population, 25% had vocal fold atrophy as the cause of their disorder. (Davids, et al.,
2012). A 2006 study conducted on 100 assisted–living residents found the incidence of age–related dysphonia to be around 20%
(Golub, Chen, Otto, Hapner, Johns, 2006). It further found that the impact of this disorder had a percieved negative impact on
quality of life in 13% of the test poplutation (Golub et al., 2006). An inability, or a limited ability to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One such program, designed by Joseph Stemple, Ph.D., SLP, is a "series of voice manipulations that were designed to
strengthen and balance the laryngeal musculature and to balance airflow to the muscular effort." (Stemple, JC., Lee, L.,
D'Amico, B., Pickup, B., 1994). In 2011, Tay et al., (2012) conducted a study on the efficacy of VFE on 22 members of a
community choral. Participants were between 68 and 83 years of age and divided in to a control and VFE groups evenly. After
the 5–week study was complete, the VFE group had greater MPT that the control group. The VFE group showed post–VFE
training decreases in mean jitter, shimmer and nose to harmonics ratio percentages as evaluated using a series of two–way
repeated measures analysis of variance (Tay et al, 2012). The participant's perceived effectiveness of the VFE (as reported in a
post–training survey) was that the program had a positive effect on their voices (Tay et al, 2012). Phonation resistance training
exercises (PhoRTE) is treatment adapted from the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (Ziegler et al, 2014). PhoRTE uses
Silverman's "loud voice" approach while using "high–intensity phonatory exercises to overload the respiratory and laryngeal
systems." (Berg, E., Hapner, E., Klein, A., Johns, M., 2008). In their 2008 study,

Vocal Fold Nodules Essay
One of the most common laryngeal pathological changes is called vocal fold nodules (Phillippe H. al., et 2009). While looking
at vocal fold nodules, one may notice tiny bilateral lesions. The SLP may also discover that vocal fold nodules appear as
proportional mass lesions. The history of vocal fold nodules dates back to 1866, when the pathology was first discovered by
Turk (Simpson B al., et 2008). "Vocal fold nodules occur more frequently in children and women (Simpson B al., et 2008)."
"Another interesting fact is that 95% of the vocal fold nodule cases among adults are female and 5% male (Phillipe 2009)."
Vocal fold nodules cause an hourglass closure glottal configuration secondary to the nodules developing at the junction of the ...
al., et 2009). The model allowed them to uncover that a partially incomplete dorsal vocal fold adduction is a first condition for
causing an hourglass type movement. A limited collision zone is only possible with minimum curving of the rest position of the
vocal fold edges in their ventral portion. This Characteristic is most familiar with the adult female larynx when muscular
exhaustion and resulting hypotonia (state of low muscle tone) appear to increase this curving. The sufficient vibration amplitude
enabled the researchers to achieve a localized impact, which was signs of the previously mentioned conditions. The
documentation of an increased subglottal pressure and by a decrease in an active stress of the tension strength between the
symmetric vocalis masses (Vocal fold nodules). The study also revealed teat muscular tension imbalance and behavioral aspects
in the modeling procedure indicating a decrease in active stress is a possible effect of enervation, and growth in subglottal
pressure a result of effort compensation (Phillippe H. al., et 2009).
Treatment
It is common for people with vocal fold nodules to improve without the need for surgery (Simpson B al., et 2008). Speech–
Language Pathologists have to be mindful of using evidence–based practices

Compare Jitter, Shimmer and Harmonics to Noise Ratio in...
Compare jitter, shimmer and harmonics to noise ratio in terms of the types of information each provides?
Jitter and shimmer are measures of the cycle–to–cycle variations of fundamental frequency and amplitude, respectively, which
have been largely used for the description of pathological voice quality. Jitter is also known as frequency perturbation and refers
to the minute involuntary variations in the timing variability between cycles of vibration. In essence, it is a measure of
frequency variability in comparison to the client's fundamental frequency. Research shows that jitter values in normal voices
range from 0.2 to 1 percent. (Ferrand, 2007) Jitter values above this level indicate that the vocal folds are vibrating in a way that
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The vocal note produced by the vibrations of the vocal folds is complex and made up of periodic (regular and repetitive) and
aperiodic (irregular and non–repetitive) sound waves. The aperiodic waves are random noise introduced into the vocal signal
owing to irregular or asymmetric adduction (closing) of the vocal folds. Noise impairs the clarity of the vocal note and too
much noise is perceived as hoarseness. The Harmonics–to–Noise (HNR) ratio is a measure of the proportion of harmonic sound
to noise in the voice measured in decibels. (Ferrand, 2007). HNR quantifies the relative amount of additive noise (Awen &
Frankel, 1994) The lower the HNR, the more noise in the voice. Laryngeal pathology may lead to poor adduction of the vocal
folds and, therefore, increase the amount of random noise in the vocal note. If a person has some kind of problem in vibrating
the vocal folds, due to a growth, paralysis of one or both vocal folds, or other kind of laryngeal problem, a larger amount of air
escapes during vibration, creating turbulent noise. (Pabon & Plomp, 1988) The greater the proportion of noise, the greater the
perceived hoarseness, breathiness or roughness and the lower the HNR figure will be, i.e. a low HNR indicates a high level of
hoarseness, and a high HNR indicates a low level of hoarseness. There is a strong relationship between how we perceive voice
quality and the harmonic to noise ratio (Ferrand, 2007).

Technology Shaped The Rhapsody. Queen 's 1975 Classic '...
Technology Shaped the Rhapsody
Queen's 1975 classic 'Bohemian Rhapsody' is extremely influenced by the recording technology used to create its sound and
enhance its musical presentation. Multi–tracking phrases and over–dubbing instruments played a key role in the creation of the
piece. The piece was revolutionary for the progressive rock musical period as maximised the use of recording technology at the
time. This can be seen when compared to a contemporary classics of the time, Led Zeppelin's Stairway to Heaven and Pink
Floyd's Eclipse.
The Acapella Introduction of Bohemian Rhapsody (refer to bars 1–4 in figure 1) began when lead singer, Freddie Mercury,
created a chord progression consisting of Bb7, Cm7, F7.
Figure 1: Bars 1–4 of Acapella Introduction Brian May, lead guitarist of Queen reported in BBC News that: "[Freddie] came in
and knew exactly what he wanted. [He] sang a guide vocal at the time, but he had all his harmonies written out, and it was
really just a question of doing it." Luckily for Queen, they were able to stretch the recording industry to a place it had never
been before. After creating chords, Freddie then worked on lyrics and vocal harmonies, dividing the vocals into Solo, Soprano,
Mezzo Soprano, Alto and Bass. Mercury used multi–tracking techniques and a Guide Track Piano to record the various vocal
parts. A Guide Track Piano is a Piano used to pre–record a melodic guide for a vocalist to follow while recording vocals.
Mercury recorded the

Salutatory Address
SALUTATORY ADDRESS
Kristine Ann Villanueva
To our outstanding guest–speaker, Dr. Florentina R. Lizano, firm yet caring director Mr. Antonio Punzalan, ever–calm and
patient directress Mrs. Angelita Punzalan, dynamic principal Mrs. Joy Mercado, kind and warm faculty and staff, ever–
supportive parents, gratified fellow graduates, Good Evening! A Chinese Proverb goes : To get through the hardest journey, we
need to take only one step at a time, but we must keep on stepping.
First and foremost, I would like to take this opportunity to thank everyone who was very helpful along this step in my journey,
this step called high school life. I would like to thank ADT Montessori School, my parents, relatives, and friends, you are the
reason why ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is a life full of happiness given right away, anyway? We are given challenges for us to do better and see the bright side
despite problems; to find happiness despite tears and to never quit instead continue and never give up. Take the next step.
So much has happened throughout this year. It was just like yesterday when we'd laugh at all the jokes thrown, play all the
games we wanted and make crazy experiences to remember. It was just like yesterday when we all needed to cram for our
projects and review at the same time for our finals. It was just like yesterday when we were just all together through thick and
thin. Now here we are, dressed in our school uniform that we had learned to love, topped with the toga signifying our
graduation–the end of our high school days. We just took that step.
Batch mates, ito na! It's the finish line of our highschool days; the starting line of our college life. We will be making decisions
that may or may not lead us to the fulfillment of the unforgettable class prophecy. Graduation day has finally come; the day we
had all been waiting for all these years. After this night, everything might change; everything may not seem the way they used
to be. We'll be moving on to the next chapter of our journeys.
Graduation brings mixed feelings. We are happy our hardships will be recognized and awarded with a diploma or medals. We
are happy because finally, we are off to the next level.

Cicely Berry Exercise
Something that the author wrote that I found very interesting was the fact that tension of any sort on the body can have a major
effect on the voice. Therefore, the tension in various parts of the body can negatively affect the voice by limiting the breathing
capacity and the use of the resonating space. It is also fascinating that incorrect breathing can cause an enormous tension of the
chest and shoulder because the of the amount of effort placed on those areas when breathing. In fact, Cicely Berry mentions that
developing bad breathing habits such as breathing from the the upper part of the chest which causes the breath to use a lot of
effort and also makes it hard to relax the muscles. Cicely Berry inspires me to really take time to see if their ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, the expanding of the rib cage and breathing correctly is one of the major elements in regulating a proper resonance.
Finally, Cicely Berry inspired me to never breath through the chest and should perform the Diaphragmatic breathing because it
helps to inflate the lungs. In the reading Cicely Berry mentions the importance of inhaling through the nose and exhaling
through the mouth, but I disagree because I think that mouth respiration is more effective and since the mouth can exert more
air than the noise you are more able to move air in and out of the lungs. I do not understand because most of the time my nose is
stuffed up so I have to exhale and inhale through the mouth. Also, during intense movement it is hard to breath through the nose
because the nose is too small to exhale or inhale because of the amount of carbon dioxide. I also do not understand is what is
the importance of breathing through the nose or why it matters when doing these exercises because I think both do the same
purpose which is to open up the rib cages and extend the areas into parts of the

The Concert As A Concert With Choir And Band
The concert was a joint concert with choir and band. The genres choir sang were church music and lullabies and band played
various genres including pop, classical, and holiday music. Some songs choir sang was "The Word Was God" and "Riversong."
Band played songs such as "Phantom of the Opera," Beethoven symphony No. 5. The instrument choir used was their voices
and a piano. Band used a variety of instruments such as trumpets, trombones, tubas, French horns, clarinets, flutes, saxophones,
piccolos, drums, electric basses, xylophones, tambourines, and others. For choir, there were a lot of times when all the voices
sand in the same pitch but there were times when they sang in harmony. A piano is used by an instruction for accompaniment.
The group was split into three sections most of the time, these three sections were soprano, alto, and bass. Sopranos and altos
consist of females and basses consist of male. Sopranos would usually have the melodies in the song and altos would sing an
octave lower and basses would sing very low. However, there were times when altos had the melodies instead of sopranos.
During some songs, the choir would split into four sections, sopranos, altos, tenors, and basses. While sopranos, altos, and
basses consist of homogenous genders, tenors were heterogeneous. Tenors would sing lower than altos but higher than basses.
Before singing any songs, the choir members warmed up their voices by singing different vowels in ascending and descending
C major

Lyrics To Stefani Gwen's Song 'No Doubt'
Get A Move On !!! In this song "What You Waiting For?' Stefani Gwen states: "what an amazing time what a family/ how did
the years go by now its only me."(1–2) Stefani Gwen "What you waiting for?" Love.angel.Music.Baby. In 2003 the "No Doubt"
was the album they made together as a band. I think Gwen refers these lyrics to milestone in her life , where she was
surrounded by friends that were close as a family would be. Now being on her own, she must be creative as a solo artist for her
success and fame. This song has guided me through my life to progress and become more successful in this fast world, the time
is ticking, I must send this world and get a move on in my life. Tick tock Tick tock Tick tock Tick tock/ Take a chance you
might grow/ Like an echo pedal, you're repeating yourself You know it all by heart Why are you standing in one ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
People will either love what you do or hate what you do! Thats a Fact. In our society women still get a lot of judgement because
of their gender. Usually if thing don't get done on time or is theres the slightest mistake people criticize the work ethics because
of the gender. Our society is full of criticism and judgement, but who cares it doesn't matter what they think, what matter is
what makes you happy. You are a strong and independent person and you have the ability to achieve anything. In the sam way, I
do feel feel the judgement and criticism of some people I'm surrounded by they lack confidence in my choices and decisions. I
reflect on the on their questionings then I wake up and cant help to follow my crazy hear and do what make me happy. Today I
find myself following my dreams in school and thats only the beginning of my journey of succeeding in my goal to become a
missionary

Analysis Of Brooke Fraser 's ' Kings And Queens '
Brooke Fraser is a New Zealand musician who has gravitated towards the acoustic, singer–songwriter genre for most of her
music career. Her latest album (2013) 'Brutal Romantic' marked a significant shift in her music as she moved into more
electronic sounds. 'Arithmetic' is a very simplistic, acoustic song off her first album 'What to Do with Daylight' (2003). 'Kings
and Queens' is off her newest album and is a highly produced song containing elements of rock, pop and electronic sounds.
These two songs I have chosen use various music techniques and show the development of Fraser's music over the past decade.
'Arithmetic' (AR) and 'Kings and Queens' (KQ) share three similarities with its arranging techniques as both songs use common
time 4/4 and a major tonal centre. AR is in the key of B major and KQ is in the key of C major. The songs are played at a
moderate tempo; AR is slightly faster at 117 BPM and KQ at 100 BPM.
AR does not use the common V–Ch form that many pop songs have; instead it replaces the chorus with a refrain. The songs
form is presented below and shows that the song stays at a consistent, dynamic level with a slight raise in the 2nd V and a peak
in the Br. AR starts with a 9 bar In with a pause on bars 8 and 9 that leads into a 3 bar Pvs; preceding an unusual V length of 9
bars. The first Re has a bar of ¾ and creates tension as the pulse changes yet the other Re's use only 4/4. There are two 7 bar
Inst that create space from the vocal sections, with

Synopsis Of ' Concert '
Brian Kong
Mrs. Kathleen Muka
Concert Choir, Period 7
8 November 2016 Overtones Overtones are a frequency higher than the fundamental frequency of a sound and harmonizes with
the fundamental note as well. To my surprise, many people do not hear the overtones that I intentionally create which led me
the looking at the roots and basics of overtones and overtones singing. Every sound in the world has an overtone. Some we can
hear, some we can't. When singing, I never heard overtones until someone else performed it for me for the first time. After some
instructions, I started to notice overtones which was never there before. Sometimes I even doubt myself that they exist.
Overtones is a high whistling sound that once you hear once, you will not forget it again. One commonly known type of
overtone sing is Polyphonic overtone singing, a technique which produces two notes in perfect harmony. The lower of the two
is generated by the vibrations of vocal folds in the larynx which is the same process for everyday speech. This sound wave is a
fundamental frequency, as it has the longest wavelength that will fit inside the resonant cavity formed by the speaker's mouth
and throat. Produced alongside this low note are numerous overtones or harmonics, waves with higher frequencies that can also
fit into the body's cavity a whole number of times. By moving the tongue, lips and soft palate, the shape of the cavity can then
be adjusted so as to isolate individual overtones at will.

Dyscapnia Essay
In the current study, all subjects have stable COPD and those with respiratory failure were excluded from the startto rule out the
effects of hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Also, subjects received regular inhalation therapy or had other co–morbidities (gastro
esophageal reflux disease and sinusitis) were excluded due to the well–known and documented harmful effects of these
disorders on the voice quality.In our subjects, it was found that jitter, PPQ and phonatory resistance increase with the decrease
in the pulmonary function. These vocal functions increased in abnormal voice quality and considered objective indications of
dysphonia. The phonatory resistance increased with the decrease in the pulmonary function. Our subjects did not receive
medication ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gradually and over time, this increased expiratory effort during phonation develops increased tension in the laryngeal
musculatures which is responsible for the perceived dysphonia.This means that at least great part of dysphonia in our subjects is
functional (muscle tension or hyperfunctional dysphonia). The primary cause of this dysphonia is the weak pulmonary support
of air.Moreover, the characters of dysphonia which dominate in our subjects are strained, rough and leaky dysphonia in order.
These characters of dysphonia typically occur in hyperfunctional dysphonia.13In this article, the strained dysphonia was found
in 23 subjects of COPD(+)dysphonia group (56.7 %). Also, clinical examination by indirect laryngoscopy revealed medial
compression ofthe ventricular bands during phonation in about 50% of COPD+dysphonia subjects (17 subjects). Subjects with
dysphonia have higher phonatory resistance than those without dysphonia, however the difference is insignificant. This elevated
phonatory resistance can be explained by the increased tension of the laryngeal musculatures during

Laryngectomy Research Paper
Key Features of Laryngectomy: Typical
The larynx is removed for patients with advanced laryngeal cancer. The trachea opening is redirected to the neck, creating the
tracheostoma. (Mohebati & Shah, 2010) o Voice cannot be produced in a traditional way as vocal folds are removed. (Mohebati
& Shah, 2010)
1050 Canadians, mostly older men, will be diagnosed with laryngeal cancer in 2014 (Canadian Cancer Society's Advisory
Committee on Cancer Statistics, 2014).
Voice can be restored through learning esophageal Speech, getting a Tracheoesophageal Implant, or using an electrolarynx.
Tracheoesophageal Speech: o According to the American Speech–Lanugage–Hearing Association (ASHA), a prosthesis is
inserted between the trachea and esophagus (2004a). It allows air from the lungs enter the esophagus, causing it to vibrate ...
Canadian Cancer Statistics 2014. Toronto, ON: Canadian Cancer Society; 2014. Retrieved November 14, 2014, from
http://www.cancer.ca/~/media/cancer.ca/CW/cancer%20information/cancer%20101/Canadian%20cancer%20statistics/Canadian–
Cancer–Statistics–2014–EN.pdf
Mallis, A., Goumas, P.D., Mastronikolis, N.S., Panogeorgou, T., Stathas, T., Prodromaki, K., & Papadas, T. A. (2011). Factors
influencing quality of life after total laryngectomy: a study of 92 patients. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological
Sciences, 15, 937–942. Retrieved November 14, 2014, from http://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp–content/uploads/1016.pdf
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