Necta Solution Approach

NECTA SOLUTION APPROACH
CSEE BEST PERFORMERS
2014 & 2015
EMANUEL JOHN KISUNTE

Prepared and Printed byEmanuel John Kisunte (Shebomeza S/S)_ 0655 450 712
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First and most of all is to thank the almighty God whose love endure forever. Had it
been not his power, protection and guidance this work would not been
accomplished. Glory is to him that dwell in heavenly glory.
I extend my gratitude to my fellow teachers Mr. Onesmo E. Mollel, Madam
Mwanaisha Julla, Madam Margareth Sangto and Madam Bahati Ivon who in one
way or another helped me to accomplish this work. It was their pleasure to see me
progressing as days went by and they would always encourage me and make me
view things with positive mind.
Much thanks go to My lovely Wife Jackline Simon, whose care with
encouragement brought me to an end of this fruitful work. Nothing I can say on
her, instead may my loving further in heaven bless her more and more.
AIM OF THIS WORK
This pamphlet consists of examinations of all basic subjects except English.
However, the NECTA appreciated answers of students who perfomed well were
summoned to create this pamphlet. The aim is to help students understand how to
attempt the examination in regard with the requirement of the National Examination
Council of Tanzania (NECTA).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .........................................................................................i
AIM OF THIS WORK..................................................................................................i
011 CIVICS....................................................................................................................1
012 HISTORY.............................................................................................................14
013 GEOGRAPHY.....................................................................................................32
021 KISWAHILI.........................................................................................................49
033/1 BIOLOGY 1 .....................................................................................................65
032/1 CHEMISTRY 1................................................................................................76
031/1 PHYSICS 1.......................................................................................................92
041 BASIC MATHEMATICS ...............................................................................108
BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................ 130

011 CIVICS
(For Both School and Private Candidates)
Time: 2:30 Hours Monday, 02nd November 2015
p.m.
____________________________________________________________
Instructions
1. This paper consists ofsections A, B and C.
2. Answer all questions in sections A and B and three (3) questions from
section C.
3. Section A and B carry 20 marks each and section C carries 60 marks.
4. Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.
5. Write yourExamination Number on every page of youranswer
booklet(s).
SECTION A (20 marks)
Answer all questions in this section.
1. For each of the items (i) (x), choose the correct answer among the
given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number.
(i) The following are componentsof a nation except
A. Territory
B. People
C. Government ( D )
D. National flag
E. International recognition.
(ii) A nuclear family consist of
A. Wife, husband,children and relatives
B. Wife, grandmother, father and children.
C. One parent with children ( E )
D. Wife, sister and grandfather
E. Wife, husband and children.
(iii) A continuoussituation in which the poor do not improve
their condition and statusis called
A. Poverty line
B. Poverty cycle
C. Debt burden ( B )
D. Daily poverty
E. Relative poverty.
(iv) The essence of an independent judiciary is to
A. Contain powers of the President
B. Promote minority rights
C. Promote rule of law ( C )
D. Maintain lawyers prestige

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E. Promote free and fair election.
(v) In a democratic state the legitimacy of the government is
obtained through
A. Democratic campaigns
B. Democratic elections
C. Independency of the parliament ( B )
D. Democratic mass rallies
E. Political party propaganda.
(vi) The two categoriesof local government authorities are
A. Street and town governments
B. Village and street authorities
C. Districts and urban authorities ( C )
D. Village councils and village authorities
E. Urban councils and village authorities.
(vii) Which of the following is the second step in a healthy
decision making?
A. Listing possible solution.
B. Evaluation.
C. Making decision. ( A )
D. Checking the result.
E. Identifying the problem.
(viii) Which of the following typesof work involves the use of
more mental skillsthan physical strengths?
A. Nursing and teaching.
B. Carpentry and teaching.
C. Farming and nursing. ( A )
D. Teaching and lumbering.
E. Carpentry and mining.
(ix) Choosing the best option after learning the consequences
of each option is known as
A. Creative thinking
B. Self esteem
C. Problem solving skills ( D )
D. Rational decision making
E. Coping with stress.

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(x) One of the major aspect of globalization is
A. increased public ownership of the major means of
production
B. Favourable international terms of trade to third world
countries ( E )
C. poverty reduction in developing countries
D. increased investment from third world to developed
countries
E. Revolution in information and communication
technology.
2. Match the items in List A with the correct response in List B by
writing the letterof the corresponding response beside the item
number in the answer booklet.
List A List B
(i) Deals with managing risks of a firm,
business,people and property.
(ii) The average earnings of the people of
a given country in particular year.
(iii) Provide advice to their
customers on issues of investment and
trade.
(iv) A factor of economic
development.
(v) A social security scheme in Tanzania.
(vi) An institution responsible for
controlling inflation in Tanzania.
(vii) An indicator of poverty.
(viii) Register all Social Security
Schemes.
(ix) It has no proper places set for it
to conduct its business.
(x) The improvement of the welfare of the
people in the country
A. Commercial Banks
B. PSPF
C. B.O.T
D. Insurance
Companies
E. Capital
F. Informal sector
G. Per capita income
H. Social development
I. High mortality rate
J. SSRA
K. TRA
L. Formal sector
M. NPES
N. TANROADS
O. TTCL
ANSWER
List A i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x
List B D G A E B C I J F H

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3. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that
follow.
Around the world and in Tanzania in particular, the growing gaps
between the rich and the poor in the recent decades have forced
millions of young children out of school and into work. The
International Labour Organization estimates that 215 million
children between the age of 5 and 17 currently work under
conditions considered illegal, hazardous or extremely exploitative.
Under age children work at all sorts of jobs around the world,
usually because they and their families are extremely poor.
These child labourers suffer extreme illness, exploitation, injuries
and death in underground mines, open cast mines and quarries.
Children as young as 6 or 7 years old break up rocks, sieve and
carry ore, some of them especially girls work in domestic services,
sometimes starting as young as 5 or 6 years. These types of child
labour are linked to child trafficking. Domestic child labourers can
be victims of physical, emotional and sometimes sexual abuse.
Worse still domestic child labourers, particularly girls, have been
considered as sexual objects by male members of the family and in
some cases including heads of the families. Additionally, sexual
protective gears such as condoms may not be used in the actions, as
a result, the house girl may conceive, get infected with STIs, HIV
and AIDS or both. In most cases, a pregnant girl may be chased out
of the house without any help, forced to take an abortion or
sometimes given a few money which is enough for bus fair to reach
her parents’ home. These options are taken to avoid leakage of
information on her pregnancy and confrontations in the family.
Questions and Answers
(a) Suggest the suitable title for this passage and give reasons for
your suggestion.
The suitable tittle is ‘The Effects of Child Labour’. This is
because the matters discussed in the passage are mostly relating
with the impacts of works done by children.
(b) Account for the root causes of child Labour in Tanzania.
The root causes of child Labour in Tanzania are:
(i) The growing gaps between the rich and the poor.
(ii) Poor living conditions of many families in Tanzania.

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(c) Point out two risks facing domestic child labourers.
Two risks facing domestic child labourers are:-
(i) They may be victims of physical abuse.
(ii) They might be victims of sexual abuse.
(d) Define child Labour according to International Labour
Organization.
According to international Labour organization (ILO), child
Labour is a situation whereby children between the age of 5
and 17 years work under conditions that are considered illegal,
hazardous or extremely exploitative.
(e) According to the passage, what are the risks of having
unprotected sex?
The risks of having unprotected sexare:-
(i) To conceive
(ii) An infection from STIs, HIV and AIDs or both.
4. (a) Briefly outline five responsibilitiesof a good citizen in
Tanzania.
Responsibilities of a good citizen are:-
(i) Defending their country from enemies
(ii) Paying tax to the government
(iii) Behaving well in the society
(iv) Obeying the law of the land
(v) Participating in voting and contesting
(vi) Respecting and protecting the rights of others
(vii) Taking care of oneself and supporting family
(viii) Protecting and maintaining public property and
protecting the government.
(b) List down five importance of human rights to Tanzanians.
Five Importance of Human rights are:-
(i) Freedom of association and religion
(ii) Meaningful and enjoyable life
(iii) Good governance
(iv) Freedom of opinion and standards
(v) Human equality and limited actions and powers
of the government against the people.

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SECTION C (60 marks)
Answer three (3) questions fromthis section. Each
question carries 20 marks.
5. Discuss the functions of the Parliament of the United Republic of
Tanzania by giving six Points.
A parliament refers to the organ of the government that is
responsible mainly for making laws. The parliament of the United
Republic of Tanzania is made up of National Assembly which
consists of the members of parliament and the president even
though the president does not attend it unless of the available
important events.
The following are the functions of the parliament of the
United Republic of Tanzania.
Making laws; the parliament of Tanzania is an organ
responsible in formulating laws that govern the country. In fact, the
parliament discusses the bill and then sends it to the president for
approval. For example, the parliament made a social networks law
which was then approved and signed by the president and currently
the law is operating against the network crimes.
Overseeing the government programs and plan; the
parliament of the United Republic of Tanzania has the duty of
looking and criticizing or appreciating the programs and plans made
by the government. For example, in the 10th parliament the
Members of Parliament appreciated the plan of the government of
transforming the country into the second world countries.
Discuss and approve the budget; the parliament of
Tanzania has a duty of approving the budget proposal proposed by
the government. Each ministry prepares a budget of its requirement
and present it before the parliament for more approval before is
being used. For example, the 2015 – 2016 budgets were criticized
because of high taxes.
Overseeing the work done by the executive; the executive
is the organ of the government that is responsible for interpreting
the law. The government has the role to analyze the works that have
been done by the president and if the president has done nothing,

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according to the constitution they have power to throw his or her
out.
Presenting majorities’ will to the government; the
parliament also has the role to present the needs of the citizens to
the parliament. This is done specifically by the specific MPs of
different constituencies. These MPs present the needs of the people
before the parliament of United Republic of Tanzania.
Eventually; since the citizens elect the members of
parliament, then they have the role of presenting the people’s needs
to the government of the United Republic of Tanzania.
6. Explain six elements of culture.
Culture is the total way of life in a particular society.
Culture deals with life processes that are done by people in a certain
community. Culture can be either material or intellectual depending
on the society. Culture has many characteristics example of them
include; dynamics, symbol, adoptive and interactive.
However, culture has many elements forming a certain
system in a particular society. These elements are such as traditions,
customs, arts and crafts, language, ideology and idea as well as
recreation. These elements are further described as follows.
The first aspect is tradition; traditions refer to the ways of
life that are inherited from one generation to another. Traditions are
things that parents and elders of the community pass on to the
younger generation. Traditions can be either bad or good depending
on the physical and social impacts it has to the generation which it
has passed on to. Good examples of good traditional practices
include proper dressing style, ways of greeting elders, cooperation
and unity. Otherwise, bad traditions include polygamy and wife
inheritance.
The second aspect is customs and norms; customs are short
lived patterns of behavior in a particular community. Customs
change with time; a good example include ways of greetings.
However, in the past greeting accompanied by kneeling and
touching heads of elders but recently greeting has only remained
verbal with the absence of physical touch between the two parties.
Norms are accepted ways of life and activities in a particular
society; norms deals with accepted behavior and activities. For

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example in Tanzania women are supposed to wear decent and long
clothes that cover their bodies properly.
The third element is Arts and Crafts; Arts are imaginative
things shaped and brought to existence and reflect the particular
society. Usually, arts are created due to particular society a good
example is paintings of different things. Crafts are real and
manmade objects that are designed and used by the society; for
example, pots, saucer plates and different domestic equipment.
The fourth element is language; language is the main
medium of communication. Through language various people can
communicate and exchange idea through words and symbols.
Language is a very important element since it can be used in
education activities, production activities and it acts as a symbol of
a particular society. For instance, people from along the East
African countries are identified through speaking Swahili language.
Otherwise, the people from Britain and the United Kingdom are
identified due to the way they use English language in
communication.
The fifth element is ideology and ideas; ideology refers to
principles and ideas that govern the way people live and interact in
a particular society. Ideology is a set of guiding principles which
are set by the community under supervision of their leaders to act as
goals to the way people should live in a particular society. After
independence in Tanzania, the government under the late Mwalimu
J.K. Nyerere adopted various forms of ideologies which would help
the country to better develop. The ideas included the focal point
approach and the improvement approach.
The sixth element is recreation; recreation refers to various
activities which undertaken by individuals after long hour of work
for refreshment. These activities are such as sports and games,
drinking alcohol, playing cards, among other activities.
In conclusion, culture is a very important aspect in the life
of people in a certain community. Although the culture is important
but the government should ensure that, only the positive aspects of
culture are maintained and practiced. However, it is better to avoid
bad cultures to heal the community from the moral destruction.

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7. Examine the importance of life skills to the youth in Tanzania by
giving six points.
Life skills are the ability of an individual to apply mental
skills in society to control his or her environment. Life skills are
important to every people especially youths. The following are the
important life skills to youths in Tanzania.
Through life skills’ knowledge, a youth is able to solve
difficult problems that seem to be huge, this can be achieved by
following problem solving steps and selecting the best solution
hence life skills enable youths to solve many difficulty problems.
Life skills enable to build good relationship with other
people; a youth with life skills is responsible and careful; since, she
or he interacts well with other people a situation, which ultimately
develop good relationship.
It helps to build confidence to youths; this is because
youths encounter many problems and solve them, after solving the
problems they increase and strengthen their ability and stability of
encountering various situations in life. Otherwise, the confidence
helps youths to develop good relationship within the community
and help to know and avoid risks and ultimately become successful
in life.
Through life skills; youths become able to identify and
scape risks that can endanger their lives like HIV/AIDs infections
and early pregnancy; since, they have enough knowledge about
several issues in life.
Life skills enable youth to achieve developments as they
are responsible, tolerates and able to face and solve problems.
However, life skills knowledge reduce conflicts in the society as
people especially youths with life skills are transparent and
accountable to their action and decision.
In general, life skills enable youth to be to achieve their
goals, escape danger situations and ultimately live well in their
societies. Therefore, it is important to spread life skills’ knowledge
to all youths in Tanzania for sake of bringing good morals in a
country for prosperity.

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8. Assess six significancesof National Festival and Public Holidays to
Tanzania.
National festivals and Public Holidays are the days of
celebrating important national events that have occurred during the
past time and become memorable in a country. An example of
National festivals include: 26 April Union Day; 1 May, Labour
Day; 7 July, Saba Saba Day and 7–8 July, Eid ul-Fitr. Public
holidays include: 12 January 2017, Zanzibar Revolution Day; 7
April 2017, Karume Day; 14 April 2017, Good Friday and 16 April
2017, Easter Sunday.
Keeping the country history alive, enhance unity, used by
leaders in informing the citizens and enabling citizens to meet and
share views; are some of the many significances of the National
Festivals and Public Holidays. The following are the more clarified
significances of national festivals and Public Holidays to Tanzania.
Keep the country history alive; because the national
Festivals and Public Holidays enhance the community to remember
and celebrate the events that had occurred in the past. Should be
known that, the days carry great memorable events of the country
and by celebrating them the community continue memorizing the
day hence the country history becomes alive.
Enhance unity; during the National Festivals and Holidays,
people celebrate together and forget their differences. In addition, it
is through these days communication stations such as radios, TV
and publications mostly propagate about the celebration. This
changes the attitudes of citizens and call for unity and togetherness
in celebrating for a day.
Are used by leaders in informing the citizens; on these
days, citizens assemble for getting various speeches fromleaders or
prominent persons. Therefore, through these days leaders and other
person get a chance to pass their messages to citizens especially
through speeches and talks.
Enable people to meet and share views; the days enable
citizens to get a chance of meeting with different people as well as
their leaders, share different views and ideas, and obtain new
knowledge.
Serve as national identity; sometimes National Festivals
and Public Holidays are used as an identity of our nation in other
countries; For example, when the presidents of other African
countries are invited to celebrate the Independence Day with us
they know much about the country.

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In general; the National Festivals and Public Holidays can
widen our international relationship with other countries. However,
the days enhance and increase the unity and solidarity of the
citizens within the country and keep in update the memories of
people on the past events.
9. Examine the importance of local governments in Tanzania by giving
six points.
Local government is the system of self-governance that is
overseen by locally elected board of councilors. Local governments
have a lot of importance in Tanzania; the following are the
importance of local governments in Tanzania.
They ensure active participation of people in development
matters; the local governments ensure active participation of people
in a certain area for the community development. The participation
might be either by contribution or by actually involving in work.
For example, in building of schools and hospitals, the local
governments make sure that either people participate by
contributing money or instruments for construction and they
enhance others assist in the construction.
Ensure proper utilization of available resources; the local
governments have duties of assuring proper and sustainable
utilization of available resources within the community. Otherwise,
local government is responsible in taking severe action against the
misuse of the existing resources in the community. For example,
local governments control the rate of charcoal production in relation
to the available trees and environmental climatic condition.
They act as a link between central government and the
citizen; the local governments have duties that facilitate the
accessibility of citizens to the local government and vice versa. For
instance, central governments listen to the citizens’ views,
suggestions and problems and make them known to the central
government. Otherwise, the response of the central government is
made known to the citizen through local governments.
Ensure proper provision of social services to the
community; on behalf of the central government local governments
are responsible to access the community to social services like
water, electricity, education, health, security, and many others of
the like.

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Solve problems and conflicts within the community; the
local governments also have the responsibility of maintaining peace
by ensuring proper solving of arising problems within the
community. For example in the level of the ward authorities, the
arising problems or conflicts are normally reported to the high rank
of management like the Ward Executive Officer.
Tax collection; is another importance of the local
governments. Due to the fact the local governments are responsible
to deliver social services to the community, and then they are
responsible in collecting taxes and use themto deliver the services.
All duties performed by the local governments signify how
just important they are in Tanzania. It is very important for the
central government to reach the people and know the needs of the
community. The central government should work hand in hand with
the local governments to ensure sustainable development of the
community.
10. Despite the fact that Tanzania is endowed with many resources, it is
economically underdeveloped. Discuss six factors needed for
economic development of Tanzania to take off.
Economic development refers to the situation whereby a
given nation increases its ability in order to produce better and
advance good services. Tanzania is a third-world country and
therefore it is a developing country.
There are different factors needed for economic
development for Tanzania to take off. These factors are such as
land, labour, capital, raw materials, entrepreneurs, tools and
equipment as well as good social infrastructures.
Land is one of the factors of economic development
needed for Tanzania to take off. Land is a solid piece of the earth
covered with vegetation. Land as the factor of production, provides
a place for conducting business activities and provides employment
to farmers. Also, provides different raw materials by industries.
Therefore, Tanzania should properly use the land and properly
exploit land resources for prosperous benefits.
Raw materials; is another needed resource for Tanzania to
take off. Raw materials are semi-processed goods like rubber and

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cotton, which are taken to industries to be converted into finished
goods or useful products. Raw materials are essentials because they
gear and fasten establishment and the development of
manufacturing industries, which ultimately enhance the country
development in many factors including provision of massive
employment opportunities to citizens. The opportunities range from
manufacturing of products to selling of goods in which skilled and
unskilled labourers are needed.
Capital; is another factor for economic development to
take off in Tanzania. Capital is anything required for establishing
economic development. Capital can be used to by labourers, land,
among others. However, in the current world money is highly
subjected as a capital for the startup of economic development.
However, the government has to make sure that, there are enough
capitals for sustainable development of the nation.
Labour; involves in the manufacturing of goods; all
activities of production are managed by labour. Therefore, labour is
a factor of production and therefore availability of more labourers
assures the presence of enough labours to involve in production. For
efficiency and effective production, the government of Tanzania has
to ensure or prepare skilled and unskilled labourers who will push
economic development by being employed in various sectors of
production.
Tools and equipment; are also important in the economic
development. Skilled labourers need advanced and technological
equipment to fasten production for economic development.
However, the government of Tanzania has to import advanced tools
and equipment from developed countries including China and the
United States of America. These equipment and tools include
industrial machines and agricultural equipment such as tractors and
combining harvesters that are used to fasten the production for
economic development.
In summary; Tanzania has a lot of resources which are not
properly utilized. This leads to economic underdevelopment. The
government should increase the capital needed for economic
development, employ labourers, import advanced tools and
equipment as well as make proper exploitation of land resources for
fast economic development.

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012 HISTORY
Time: 3 Hours Wednesday, 04th November 2015 p.m.
Instructions
1. This paper consists ofsections A, B and C.
2. Answer all questions in sections A and B and three (3) questions from
section C.
3. Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.
4. All drawings should be in pencil.
booklet(s).
SECTION A (20 Marks)
1. For each of the items (i) (x),choose the correct answer from among the
given alternativesand write its letterbeside the item number in the
answer booklet provided.
(i) The places which are created for preserving historical
information are called
A. Archives
B. Archaeology ( D )
C. oral traditions
D. museums
E. Libraries.
(ii) Which of the following is NOT a historical site in Tanzania?
A. Isimila.
B. Olduvai Gorge.
C. Kondoa Irangi. ( E )
D. Kilwa.
E. Kalenga.
(iii) The family from which man evolved is known as
A. Zinjanthropus
B. Homo Habilis
C. Primates ( C )
D. Homo Sapiens
E. Homo Erectus.
(iv) What was the achievement of man during the late Stone Age?
A. Discovered fire and ate cooked food.
B. Started walking upright using forelimbs.
C. Made and used pebble and chopping tools.

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D. Started walking on all four limbs ( E )
E. Established settled communities.
(v) Which one among the following places did people extract salt
from salt bearing rocks?
A. Uvinza and Taghaza.
B. Taghaza and Bilma.
C. Axum and Taghaza. ( B )
D. Meroe and Egypt
E. Uvinza and Bilma.
(vi) Which one among the following factors contributed to the rise
of statesin Africa?
A. Low level of productive forces.
B. Presence of chartered companies. ( E )
C. Hunting and gathering activities.
D. Absence of classes among the people.
E. Availability of iron technology.
(vii) Who commanded the respect of all and acted as a unifying
force among the Maasai?
A. Kabaka.
B. Omukama.
C. Morani. ( E )
D. Warriors.
E. Laibon.
(viii) The organization comprising of less developed countries in the
world is called
A. Non Aligned Movement
B. Organization of African Unity ( A )
C. East African Community
D. United Nations Organization
E. New Partnership for Africa’s Development.
(ix) Which one of the following best explains the reason which
made Mozambique to use force during her struggle for
independence?
A. It was a mandated territory.
B. It was a trusteeship territory. ( D )
C. It adopted the Open Door Policy.
D. It was a settler colony.
E. It was underindirect rule policy.

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(x) The following was one of the characteristics of colonial
education except
A. it based on rudimentary curriculum
B. it segregated the Africans
C. it focused on literacy and numeracy ( D )
D. It reflected the interests of the Africans.
E. It was provided to few people.
2. Match the stems in List A with the correct responses in List B by
writing the letterof the correct response beside the item number in
the answer booklet provided.
List A List B
(i) It was fought by the Ndebele and Shona
against the oppression of their
colonizers in 1890s.
(ii) The last and most serious revolt against
German rule in Tanganyika.
(iii) The struggle between European
powers which lasted in 1918.
(iv) One of its effects was the
emergence of the successorto the
League of Nations.
(v) The name given to the situation during
which there was a tension between the
Eastern and Western bloc.
(vi) It was fought between the Boers
and Xhosa.
(vii) It was fought in Nigeria from
1967 to 1970.
(viii) They caused the migration of the
Ngoni during the 19th century.
(ix) France lost two provinces after
being defeated by Germany in 1871.
(x) It ended when Jonas Savimbi died in
2002.
A. Majimaji war
B. Anglo Boer war
C. Angolan civil war
D. Liberian civil war
E. Cold war
F. Mfecane wars
G. Franco Prusian war
H. Second World War
I. Ceasefire
J. Ethiopia Somalia war
K. Kaffir wars
L. Tanzania Uganda war
M. Chimurenga war
N. War against terrorism
O. Biafran war
P. GhanaTogo war
Q. Ugandan civil war
R. Algeria Morocco war
S. First World War
T. Ethiopia Eritrea war
An answer
List A i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x
List B M A S H E K O F G C

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SECTION B (20 Marks)
3. (a) Draw a sketch map of Africa and locate by using roman
numbers;
(i) The country which moved from apartheid to black
majority rule in 1994.
(ii) The country which attained political independence in
1957.
(iii) An East African country in which peasant cash crop
production predominated.
(iv) The country in which genocide occurred in 1990s.
(v) The country where the headquarters of the OAU
Liberation Committee based.
(b) Mention five advantagesof museums.
(i) Attracts tourists who provide foreign exchange.
(ii) Generate income for the people working in the museums
and the government.

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(iii) Provision of employment for example the museum
curators.
(iv) Easy to identify the social, political and economic
developments of a given society from the museum.
(v) Many of the museum act as the major source of
information for those carrying out research for educational
purposes.
4. (a) Arrange the following statements in chronological order by
writing number 1 to 5 beside the item number.
(i) The newly industrialized powers in the 19th
century were Germany and France.
(ii) Britain was the first country to industrialize and
she dominated the world’s industrial production.
(iii) During the period of industrial capitalism the
capitalists manufactured goods in large quantities.
(iv) This wealth enabled them to invest in new and
modern machines.
(v) This was possible because they had accumulated
much wealth from commerce and agriculture.
ANSWER
i ii ii iv V
iii ii v iv I
(b) The items (iv) consist of four sentences which form a complete
historical meaning.One of the sentences(A – E) is missing.
Identify the missing sentence and write its letter beside the item
number.
(i) 1. The UN Secretariat headquarters is in New York.
2.__________________________________________.
3. It administers peacekeeping operations in many warring
countries.
4. It organizes international conferences.
A. It is headed by the Secretary General.
B. It implements the Berlin conference resolutions.
C. It draws the annual budget of the UNO.
D. It elects Security Council members.
E. It recommends the admission of new members.

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(ii) 1. The colonial agents came before the establishment of
colonial rule
in Africa.
2. These colonial agents included explorers, missionaries and
traders.
3. The explorers supplied important information to their mother
countries.
4. __________________________________________.
A. Prominent explorers included David Livingstone and
John Speke.
B. Famous explorers in East Africa were Mungo Park
and David Livingstone.
C. The earliest explorers in East Africa were Cecil
Rhodes and Karl Peters.
D. The famous British explorer in Tanganyika was Karl
Peters.
E. William Mackinnon was an explorer who headed
Imperial British East African Company.
(iii) 1. West Africans came into contact with European merchants
during the early phase of development of capitalism.
2. The early phase of capitalism was called the phase of
primitive accumulation of capital.
3. __________________________________________.
4. During this phase commerce was the most important
activity.
A. The motives of European merchants were to stop slave
trade.
B. West African societies benefited much from these
early contacts.
C. In Europe it was known as the age of discovery and
overseas expansion.
D. The red Indians for the first time came to trade in
West Africa.
E. In this trade the European slaves were exchanged for
African goods.
(iv) 1. Indirect rule was introduced in Africa by Fredrick Lugard.
2. __________________________________________.
3. The systemwas very cheap.
4. The systemreduced resistance from the natives.

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A. Africans used Jumbes and Akidas to represent their
problems.
B. France applied this systemin her colonies in Africa.
C. The systemimproved the living standard of the
Africans.
D. The British preferred direct rule due to its efficiency.
E. The systemhelped the British to consolidate tribalism.
(v) 1. Colonial health services had a significant impact on African
communities.
2. They reduced the infant mortality rate.
3. They reduced the numbers of women who died during
childbirth.
4. __________________________________________.
A. Colonial health services concentrated in rural areas.
B. Colonial health services encouraged the use of
traditional medicine.
C. There was equal distribution of health services during
colonialism.
D. Medical services led to the higher population growth
during colonialism.
E. Better hygiene practices led to the emergence of civil
wars in Africa.
ANSWER
Question number. I II III IV V
No. of Missing sentence 2 4 3 2 4
Missing sentence A A C A D
SECTION C (60 Marks)
Answer three (3) questions fromthis section.
5. Explain six characteristicsof the first non-exploitative mode of
production.
Communalism was the first mode of production, which
was non-exploitative. It implied the communal ownership of major
means of production that had specialization of labour. Each specific
group was assigned communal work to perform according to their
age, size and capability.
Communalism as the first non-exploitative mode of
production had its characteristics. The following are general
characteristics of communalism.

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Communal ownership of major means of production;
communalism ensured that all major means of production were
owned and controlled by the whole society. There was no private
ownership of major means of production and the product was
equally divided to all members of the society.
Production relations were based on co-operation; during
production, there was no any exploitation of man-by-man. People
cooperated during the production without allocating specific task to
individual person and the members of the whole community equally
shared the product.
Low level of production, this was due to the application of
crude tools and little knowledge. Man hardly mastered his
surroundings hence through production; he satisfied his basic needs
of food, shelter and clothing. In a word, human existence was
generally under the mercy of the environment.
Subsistence economy; due to the low level of development
in science and technology, people produced enough food for their
upkeep in day to day survive. Surplus of produce or food reserves
were nowere in the communal society. Always people were
vulnerable to natural calamities, such as hunger and drought.
Absence of specialization; people were obliged to do all
jobs including making tools, hunting, looking for food, preparing
shelters and clothes. The division of Labour was based on age and
sex; men hunted and collected food while women were responsible
to take care of the young, old men and women as well as sick
person at home.
It implied direct democracy in decision making; all
members of the community were all responsible in decision
making. They directly involved in decision making under the
guideline of adult or elders who were believed to correctly evaluate
things.
To sum up, the first non-exploitative mode of production
had various characteristics. However, in this mode of production,
properties were communally owned and the communal duties were
done in cooperation of the community members. Low level of
production, subsistence economy, absence of specialization and
democracy in decision making were some of the characteristics of
non-eploitative mode of production. In this mode, people lived a
very crude life due to poor or low level of science and technology.

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6. Elaborate six techniquesused by colonialiststo obtain labourers
during the colonial period.
Colonialism was the system whereby the strong and
powerful nation dominates weak nation in terms of social, political
and economic aspects. In Africa colonialism started after the
occurrence of Berlin Conference in 19 century. Colonial established
colonial economy in turns they needed labours for operating its
sectors like agriculture, mining and education. The sectors
demanded both skilled and non-skilled laboures depending on the
nature of the task to be done.
The following are some techniques used by colonialists to
establish or ensure constant supply of labours during the colonial
period.
Land alienation; this refers to the action of taking land by
force. Colonialist grabbed the land of indigenous Africans so as for
getting areas for establishing their economies. In so doing, they
leaved Africans without land or in infertile unproductive land. The
tendency forced Africans to go in the colonialist plantations to get
money in turn of their labour, so as they could be able to run their
lives.
Taxation; during colonialism there were imposition of
different forms of taxes, example of the taxes include hut tax and
pol tax. These taxes were to be paid only in cash and at that period,
Africans had no money to pay for. However, the only way of
getting money was Africans to offer their labours in turn of wages,
which were also returned to colonial regime through the payment of
taxes.
Colonial education; colonialists introduced formal
education in some areas of Africa. This education aimed at getting
few Africans who could operate some skilled fields such as nursing
and teaching in primary schools. However, this education favored
few individuals and it based on race and religion. Through this
education, the educated Africans felt proud of being employed in
white color jobs although they did not know to be exploited as
cheap labours.
Africans were always confined to barren areas or land
reserves, forcing them not to continue their subsistence agriculture
for livelihood. For example in Kenya, it occurred in Likipidia and

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the Ng’ong hills. Therefore, they had to look for employment in
white enterprise so that they could get money to buy food.
Confiscation, cattle were taken by colonialist and the
Africans were restricted to keep them. Besides, they not allowed
growing cash crops with the exclusion of the areas unfit for
European occupation. The aim was to compel them look for job
opportunities on settlers’ farms and mining centers. For instance,
the Germans restricted the Nyamwezi and Hehe in Tanganyika from
growing cash crops.
Use of contract Labour system (Labour migration), this
assured a constant supply of Labour. For example, the system of
Manamba in Tanganyika under the German’s rule was used. In
Kenya the Kipande system prevailed in 1915 and 1920 by which
adult Africans were to walk with identity cards. This facilitated the
identification and recruitment of Labour.
Lastly, the colonialists applied various techniques to obtain
Labour force in order of working to their farms. Such techniques
became of great success as most Africans had no way of living on
their own effort instead they depended on the existence of
colonialists.
7. Analyse the problems experienced during the struggle for
independence in Tanganyika.
Independence is a situation of a country to be free and able
to make its own decisions through its organs without being
interfered from any external pressure. An independent nation is also
said to be a sovereignty state. Tanganyika obtained her fully
political independence in December 9, 1961 with the last British
governor Sir Richard Turnbull and the late Mwl. Julius K. Nyerere
who was the prime minister of Tanganyika before independence
and later became the first president of Tanganyika. However, in
1964 Tanganyika united with Zanzibar and formed a new nation,
The United Republic of Tanzania.
The independence in Tanganyika successfully attained
under TANU (Tanganyika National Union) political party under the
leadership of Mwl. Julius K. Nyerere. However, there was no easy
way to freedom because of various challenges encountered during
the struggle. The below discussed challenges were among of many
challenges met by freedom fighters.

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Lack of adequate funds to organize and run their activities;
during the 1960’s still many people were under colonial rule with
extreme poverty as they depended much on meager wages fromthe
colonial rule. Therefore, poverty extremist among the freedom
fighters led the part (TANU) and its leaders to lack money for
helping them access many areas of the country. Due to that, most of
the citizens had inadequate awareness concerning the fight and
struggle to freedom as most party leaders used feet to access
smallest areas.
Strong opposition from colonial government; TANU as a
political party responsible to unify freedom fighter, it faced strong
opposition from the colonial rule. The colonial rule did not allow
the TANU party to conduct meetings and discuss issues concerning
independence. Some of the activists assassinated, jailed while and
other were exiled. All these were done to safeguard colonial
interests such as trade.
Lack of unity amongst the indigenous; some indigenous
betrayed and fought their fellows by saving the colonial rule.
Betrayers and the colonial rule subjected the freedomfighters as the
troublemakers; in this regard, they discouraged and weakened the
freedom fighters. Otherwise, other indigenous joined other political
parties, as there were also many parties, which divided people into
different ideologies. Due to that, fact indigenous had different stand
with different ideology, which ultimately decreased the effort to
fight against the colonial rule.
Wideness of the county; this was also another challenge
that hindered the early achieving of the independence in
Tanganyika. Tanganyika was very wide for freedom fighters to
reach all angles of the country to spread awareness. Tanganyika had
approximately hundreds of kilometer squares of land. Travelling to
all places for sake of meeting and organize them was very difficult.
Some places were very remote and surrounded by physical barriers
such as mountains, rivers, lakes, forests, among others.
Poor transport and communication facilities; this was
primarily caused by poor achievement of technology in the sector of
infrastructure. There were impassable roads and most of them were
seasonal as well as defective trains were the major means of
transport. In some areas, there were very dense wild animated forest
and high dangerous mountains that posed as barriers to transport
vehicles. Poor transport and communication facilities slowed down
the freedom fighting activities.

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Strong opposition other political parties; during the fight
towards the independence there were other political parties such as
AMNUT and ANC which had different ideologies from TANU.
This posed a very strong opposition to TANU freedom fighters
since every party was fighting on its own for sake of leading
Tanganyika. Amazingly, the indigenous political parties such as
AMNUT, ANC and TANU had criticisms on one another, a thing
that reduced trust to indigenous and ultimately divided the citizen
through different ideologies. Therefore, TANU faced a very great
challenge to organize, unify and educate the mass for freedom
fighting.
Conclusively, it is true that attaining independence is not
an easy task. As explained above the struggle for independence of
Tanganyika was faced various problems or challenges such as poor
unit, poor transport and communication, opposition from other
political parties and colonial government, wideness of the country,
and among others. Although there were encountered the problems
and challenges to the Tanganyika independence but TANU put
much effort against the colonial government which ultimately
brought the independence without bloodshed.
8. Discuss six contributionsofthe agentsof colonialismto the
colonization ofAfrica.
Colonialism refers to the process whereby strong nations
dominate the weaker nations in all aspects of life such as socially,
politically and economically. This was very common due to the
imperialist nations like Britain, France, Belgium and Italy
dominating the African countries during the 19th Century. The
colonialism was facilitated by agents of the colonialism of which
were the ones of whom penetrated the rise of colonization in the
African continent. This involves the explorers like David
Livingstone, John Speke, Mungo Park; missionaries like Dr.
Ludwig Krapf, John Rebmann, Dr. David Livingstone; merchants
like William Macknon under IBEACO (Imperial British East
African Company) and Karl Peter under GEACO (German East
African Company), Cecil Rhodes under BSACO, George Goldie
under Royal Niger Company. All these had the interest of
colonizing Africa, although they approached African through
different tasks.
The following were the contributions of the agents of
colonialism to the colonization of the African continent.

Page 26 of 131
The abolition of slave trade (1873); this was the strategy of
the imperialistic nations due to the industrial capitalism in their
nations. Therefore, the missionaries were sent to the African
continent to abolition slavery and slave trade. In addition, some of
the British abolitionists like Moresby (1822), Harmetor (1845) and
Bante Frere (1873). This was to concertize their interests of coming
in Africa and colonize it easily by the imperialists.
The signing of the bogus treaties; this involved the work
done by the explorers and some traders or merchants in many parts
of Africa. They involved much to make sure that, the African
fertile land was officially grabbed from chiefs. For example, Karl
Peters of GEACO made a bogus treaty with Sultan Mangungo of
Msovero, Cecil Rhodes of BSACO made a bogus treaty with chief
Lubengula of Ndebele in Southern Rhodesia.
The exposing of hinterland (interior) to the external world;
this involved the collection of the various information from the
African continent towards their mother countries. The explorers of
whom they sent sensitive information of land scenery to their
countries mainly did this. For example, John Speke went back to
his mother country with information about source of Nile River of
which was Lake Victoria; and David Living Stone discovered the
Victoria water Falls (Zambia).
Spreading of Christianity; this was the role plaid by the
missionaries in the African continent so as to allow the penetration
of the colonialism. This was through the civilization of the Africans
towards imperialists in order of approaching the colonialism. For
example, Dr. Ludwig Krapf formed the CMS at Rabai Mpya at
Mombasa in Kenya. In addition, there were several church societies
like the Holy Ghost Fathers, London Missionary Society, UMCA
and white fathers. All these spread spiritual attitude that made
Africans not to resist against the colonialismup on their land.
The introduction of cash crop production; the missionaries
in the African colonies mainly did it by emphasizing the production
of cash crops like cotton, cocoa, sisal, tea and tobacco. This was
done; because, the cash crops provided raw materials for the
imperialists. In fact, due to the high demand of raw materials for
their industries, imperialists came and colonized Africans by
emphasizing them to produce many cash crops. For example, the
missionaries in Ghana motivated much on cocoa production.

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Exploring African information to their mother countries,
this involved sending information of strategic areas towards their
imperialistic nations. The explorers and some traders through their
companies did it. For example De Brazza of Congo, which was
working for king Leopold II at Belgium, Cecil Rhodes in Southern
Rhodesia under BSACO, George Goldie of Royal Niger Company
in the Niger delta potentiality; all these, sent strategic information
of the respective areas to their imperialistic countries of origin. This
prompted them and come to invest and colonize Africans.
In conclusion, the agents of colonialism led to the
occupation of the African continent to the imperialists in the 19th
century. The grabbing of African continent accomplished after the
berlin conference held on 1884 – 1885. However, colonialism was
not friendly to the thrive of African continent; instead it mostly
dismantled Africans through its evils. The evils of colonization
were the effective exploitation of the African resources, destruction
of African culture and inferiority of African race.
9. With examplesshow how the establishment of colonial economy
affected the African societies. (Give six points).
Colonial economy was the system of production and use,
which introduced by colonialists in their colonies in order to fulfill
the capitalists’ demands, which was a need of raw materials, cheap
labour, market and areas for investments. This economy had many
sectors including transport and communication, industries,
commerce and mining.
The establishment of colonial economy was done by using
creation, preservative and destruction methods. The following
explained below are the effects of colonial economy to the African
societies.
Formulation and establishment of state apparatus; the
apparatus included prisons, during the colonial economy,
colonialists created apparatuses and institutions to help themgovern
the society. These institutions were used to compel Africans to
produce as labourers for the colonial economy. These institutions
later developed and began to be used in the society activities. An
example of those apparatus was such as prisons, armies, policies
and troops.

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Construction of transport and communication networks;
during the colonial economy , colonialists tried as much as possible
to construct roads, railways and habours in order to facilitate the
exportation of raw materials and importation of goods, troops, and
managers. This demand increased infrastructure in many African
societies like the railway line from Kigoma to Morogoro and
Mombasa to Uganda.
Production was based on shelter, peasant and plantation
agriculture. This disturbed the agricultural system used in the pre-
colonial African societies. For example in Kenya, they introduced
settler agriculture which went hand in hand with the introduction of
intensive exploitation such as alienating people from their fertile
land, the use of forced Labour, payment of low wages with long
working hours and the growing of cash crops rather than food
crops.
Destruction of traditional self-sufficient economies by
using force, the colonial state made it illegal to produce certain
traditional crafts. Thus, traditional industries were destroyed. In
Zaire (Congo), the failure to comply that requirement meant one
hand would be cut-off. In order to reduce complication, colonial
power reduced sources of raw materials for local industries and
directed them for export.
Introduction of money economy, this was introduced as
adirect orindirect means of forcing Africans to produce for the
colonialists. Other things that went hand in hand with this money
economy were taxation, the cash crop economy and the selling of
Labour power. This was a problem, as Africans had to work to earn
money.
Creation of processing and extraction industries; Africa
became a dumping place for European goods. The raw material
produced in Africa were only processed to remove the balkness of
the product, and then transported to Europe for the manufacture of
finished goods. This system remained Africa with the processing
industries creating them dependant to European goods.
In short, the colonial economy needed a lot of efforts and
techniques to prosper. The only thing needed for the colonialist was
to subjugate Africans into the economy. Some of the techniques
subjugated Africans into such economy included the explained
above.

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10. Inherited problems from colonial past are major hindrances to the
development of Africa after independence.Justify this statement by
giving six points.
Development is a gradual change from low stage to a high
stage. The imperialist for about many years ago mostly colonized
African countries. The colonialists were only aimed at exploiting
African wealth like minerals and raw materials such as ivory, gold,
iron, cotton and wax. Therefore, the colonialists left African
countries with a number of problems that newly became the
hindrances of the African development.
The followings are some of the inherited problems from
the colonialism, which hinder the development of African countries.
Poverty and unstable economies; during colonialism there
were intensive exploitation which made Africans poorer. After the
alleviation of the direct colonialism, Africans lived in very poor and
bad conditions. The problem of poverty inherited from colonialism
has subjected most of African countries to dependence to the
powerful countries. for example, Tanzania is among other African
nations exploited much with it resources voyaged abroad left
depending on helps fromdeveloped countries such as United States
of America and China.
Poor infrastructures; during colonialism, the African
countries had some few roads and railways which were mainly used
in transportation of raw materials and agents of colonialism.
Although the inherited few roads are used up to now days but
colonialists left the African countries with poor infrastructures in
the rest of vast areas which were non-interested by the colonialism.
Example of the inherited infrastructure is the Tanzania Zambia
Railway (TAZARA), which was used by colonialist in transporting
oil from the Tanzania port to Zambia for colonial use.
Poor social services; the colonial social services during
colonialism were posed purposely and unevenly distributed within
areas of the African countries. The distribution of social services
regarded the colonial interest, for instance health centers and
hospitals were built along the colonial plantations for sake of curing
labours during the work. However, such kind of social services
distribution left the great absence of services in many areas
especially the ones, which were non-productive to the colonialists.

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Therefore, colonialism vested a great burden to African
governments after independence. Soon and after independence, the
African governments struggled hard to spread social services under
insufficient fund. This has led to poor provision of social services
within the community; but its origin can be traced from colonialism.
Gender imbalance; colonial social services based much on
gender imbalance, men or boys where highly considered by those
services; for instance, boy child were highly regarded to colonial
education than girls. Due to that, most girls or women were very
ignorant during and after colonialism. For example, in Tanzania
most women are ignorant and the number of educated women is
less than that of men. In addition, in employment the most preferred
labourers were men than women; since men were regarded to be
energetic and powerful to work on physical and mental work. This
also was inherited and the number of employed women is less
compared to that of men in various sectors.
Ignorance and illiteracy; in most developing countries
there is high illiteracy rate as most people denied by colonialism to
attain education. In the colonialism not all people especially men
allowed to get education; but due to biasness imposed by the
colonial regime only sons of chiefs, kings and some few others
selected to get education. Colonial regime did this to prepare
labourers to work for it. Otherwise, the rest Africans were left un-
educated and illiterate. This affected most Africans even after
independence, the large number of them was ignorant as they were
unable to read and write.
Neo-colonialism; is a situation of independent country to
be less free in making her own decision and get exploited by the
powerful ones. Colonialists prepared blacks to be leaders and work
for them. For instance, sons of chiefs and kings had given colonial
education that changed their minds. Colonialists knew that, they
could left physically but ideologically could lead their colonies
through the prepared leaders. Otherwise, colonialism exploited
Africans to the extent of not depending on themselves rather they
relied to powerful nations even after independence. For example,
the most African countries depend on external help especially to
their colonial masters or other powerful nations; economically
African nations are highly subjugated to United States of America.

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Therefore, most African countries have employed a
number of measures like formulation of policies like Ujamaa and
self-reliance in Tanzania; building a nation campaigns for example
Harambee in Kenya; and humanism in Zambia. Moreover, African
countries decided to formulate a union (OAU or AU) for improving
their solidarity in fighting against external integrations and solving
internal disputes. From that union, African countries formulated
regional blocks such as ECOWAS, EAC, SADC and COMESA
aiming at ensuring the progress of African development through
peace maintenance.

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013 GEOGRAPHY
Time: 3 Hours Thursday, 05th November 2015 a.m.
Instructions
1. This paper consists ofsections A, B, C and D.
2. Answer all questions in sections A,B and C and one (1) question from
each part of section D.
3. Map extract of Kasamwa (sheet 32/4) is provided.
4. Credit will be given for the use of relevant diagrams.
5. Calculators and Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination
room.
booklet(s)
SECTION A (25 Marks)
PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL GEOGRAPHY
1. For each of the items (i) (x),choose the correct answer from among the
given alternativesand write its letterin the answer booklet provided.
(i) Autumn, winter, spring and summer are the result of
A. Monsoon
B. Lunar eclipse ( D )
C. Rotation
D. Revolution
E. Tides.
(ii) A large part of the Southern Hemisphere is covered by
A. land mass
B. volcanoes
C. water mass ( C )
D. dark clouds
E. Ice.
(iii) The shallow part of the sea that stretches out from the coast is
called
A. Continental shelf
B. Continental slope
C. Ocean ridge ( A )
D. Ocean trench
E. Island.

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(iv) Which of the following is not a factor influencing temperature
of a place?
A. Aspect.
B. Ocean current.
C. Altitude. ( D )
D. Eclipse.
E. Length of a day.
(v) The sideways erosion which widens the V shaped valley is
known as
A. vertical erosion
B. lateral erosion ( B )
C. head ward erosion
D. Hydraulic action E attrition.
(vi) Deposition of soil materials removed from one horizon to
anotheris called
A. illuviation
B. weathering
C. eluviation ( A )
D. organic sorting
E. Leaching.
(vii) Which of the following resultsto vertical movements within the
earth’s crust?
A. Earthquake, faulting and volcanic eruptions.
B. Block mountains, raised beaches and broad basins.
C. Volcanic eruptions, rock fall and asymmetric folds.
D. Fold mountains, basins and asymmetrical folds.
E. Emerged coasts,over folds and faulting. ( B )
(viii) Which among the following features is the impact of water
action in the desert?
A. Yardang
B. Gullies
C. Badlands ( B )
D. Sinkholes
E. Rock pedestals.

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(ix) An active state of decomposition caused by soil microorganism
is called
A. organic matter
B. soil water
C. mineral matter ( A )
D. soil air
E. Soil components.
(x) Which of the following is associated with magnitude of an
earthquake?
A. Richter scale
B. Seismography
C. Focus ( A )
D. Epicenter
E. Tsunami.
2. Match the items in List A with the responses in List B by writing the letter
of the correct responsebeside the item number in the answer booklet
provided.
List A List B
(i) Residues that have decomposed and mixed
with soil mass.
(ii) Status of soil with respect to amount of
elements necessary for plants growth.
(iii) Removal of materials from surface of land.
(iv) Vertical section of thesoil to the
underlying rocks.
(v) Fineness and coarseness of soil particles.
A. Soil type
B. Soil profile
C. Loam soil
D. Soil texture
E. Soil structure
F. Soil fertility
G. Soil organic matters
H. Soil chemistry
I. Soil erosion
J. Soil water
K. Soil Air
3. With the aid of a well-labeled diagram, describe the internal structure of
the earth. (10 Marks).
AN ANSWER
List A i ii iii iv v
List B G F I B D

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Crust; this is theoutermost part of the earth. Also known as Lithosphere, it
consists of two layers which are Sial and Sima separated by Conrad
discontinuity. The earth’s crust is subdivided into two parts namely oceanic
crust and continental crust. Oceanic crust consists of expanses of water
bodies on the earth’s surface while continental crust consists of the dry land
masses on the earth’s surface.
Mantle; this is the middle layer of the internal structure of the earth. It is
separated from the crust by Mohorovic discontinuity. The mantle is also
known as asthenosphere and it is subdivided into two layers which are the
upper mantle and the lower mantle. The upper mantle consists in form of a
semi-molten state and can flow like hot tar. The lower mantle consists of
the rocks in a solid state because of the tremendous pressure caused by the
heavy weight of the overlying rock materials.
Core; this is the innermost layer of the earth. It is also known as
Barysphere and the layer is separated from the mantle by Gutenberg
discontinuity. The core is divided into two parts; namely, the outer core and
inner core. The outer core is made up of very hot and molten (liquid) rock
material that is composed of mainly iron and nickel. The inner core consists
of rock materials that exist in solid state because of extremely high pressure
and density; they also compose iron and nickel minerals. The Temperature
at the core is very high compared to other layers.

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SECTION B (27 Marks)
Answer all questions this section.
APPLICATION OF STATISTICS, INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH
AND ELEMENTARY
SURVEYING
4. Study the following data showing the production ofIrish Potatoes
in a thousand (“000”) tonesin three villagesin Tanzania from 2000
to 2002, then answer the questionsthat follow:
Year Potato production (“000”)
Sunga Mwalugulu Mpera
2000 20 15 5
2001 40 15 10
2002 50 20 10
(a) Construct a compound bar graph to show the production of
Irish potatoesin the three villages.
Vertical scale (V.S) 1cm represents 10 tonnes in “000”
Horizontal Scale (H.S) 2cm represents 1 year
COMPOUND BAR GRAPH FOR POTATO PRODUCTION IN
“000” TONNES

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(b) Give three advantagesand two disadvantages of the compound
bar graph.
(i) The following are the advantages ofa compound bar
graph
 They are good for comparison
 They have good vision especially when colours
are used.
 They can easily show the total production in a
given year.
(ii) Disadvantages of compound bar graph
 They need some knowledge to be interpreted.
 It is time consuming as it involves some
calculations.
(c) Suggest any other methods which could be used to present the
data provided in the table.
Other three methods are:-
 Compound line graph
 Grouped line graph
 Grouped bar graph
5. (a) What is an interview?
An interview is a method of research involving the
researcher asking questions to the respondents through
verbal communication.
(b) Analyze five things to be adhered to for a researcher to have a
successful interview.
For a researcher to have a successful interview the following have
to be adhered:-
The researcher should inform the respondent whether the
interview is recorded or not. This will make the respondent aware
of what he or she is saying. So that she or he cannot give wrong
information in case realizes that their conversation is recorded.
The researcher should clearly tell the interviewee that the
conversations are confidential. This will help the respondent to feel
free to say anything concerning the asked questions.

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The researcher should not bias on any side of his findings.
He should only listen to what the respondent is suggesting and not
what he thinks to be correct. In this respect, the interviewer is not
allowed to spoon feed the interviewee by concluding the words of
respondents.
The researcher should not interfere between when the
respondent is speaking. This may discourage the respondent to say
more. The respondent should be given time to express his or her
views freely.
The researcher should not ask the respondent emotional
questions, which may destruct the respondent’s psychology, hence
subject respondent to bad mood that might disrupt the answers from
the respondent hence wrong answers or misunderstandings.
6. (a) (i) Define chain survey.
Chain survey is the type of simple land survey that involves
measuring of linear distances on the ground by using
instruments like chain or tape measure.
(ii) Give four principlesof chain survey.
The following are the four principles of chain survey
 Use as few chain lines as possible.
 Measure short linear distances to reduce errors.
 Avoid steep slopes and major obstacles.
 Draw a single traverse line from which all
triangles can be obtained.
(b) Give one reason for each of the following:
(i) Ranging pole has a pointed metal end.
 Ranging poles are painted at one end so that
can easily be driven into the ground for
marking stations.
(ii) Notebook is important during field study.
 This is because a notebookis used in
recording the data obtained in the field.
(iii) Back bearings are taken during compass survey.
 They are taken so as to check for the accurate
of the forward bearing taken.

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(iv) During surveying, measurements are called back by
the booker.
 During surveying, measurements are called
back by the booker so as to check whether
the record has been taken accurately or not.
SECTION C (28 Marks)
MAP READING AND PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION
7. Study the map extract of Kasamwa (sheet 32/4),then answer the
questionsthat follow:
(a) Identify two ways that have been used to show relief on the
map.
 Ways used to show relief on on the map include:-
(i) Spot heights, example 1296 at grid reference
426899 near Ibanda hill and 1269 at grid
reference 426955 near Kilumo Hill.
(ii) Bench marks.
Example; 1208BM at grid reference 345856
and 1199BM at grid reference 354866
(b) Draw a relief section to connect Nyabubele Hill at 383834 and
Bungwe Hill at 430825.

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RELIEF SECTION FROM NYABUBELE HILL AT 383834 TO
BUNGWE HILL AT 430825
(c) Identify the length of the allweatherroad in km from grid
reference 315844 to 443940.
By using a piece of thread
Map distance = 32.8cm
Map scale = 1:50,000
Convert the scale denominator into Kilometre (Km)
Therefore, 1cm on the map represents
1
2
𝐾𝑚 on the ground
Convert the length of allweather road into kilometer (ground
distance) by using the converted map scale.
Therefore, length of allweather road is 16.4 km.

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(d) Find the bearings of Chabulongo Hill at 367917 to a school at
Nyamahuna 349818.
 Bearing of Chabulongo Hill at 367917 to
Nyamahuna school at 349818.
(i) Identify the points by using the four
cardinal points and join them using a
straight line; then measure the bearing
using a protractor.
Diagram
Bearing of Chabulongo Hill at 367917 to
Nyamahuna School at 349818
Using a protractor
1800 + 100 = 1900
Therefore, the bearing of Chabulongo hill at
367917 to a school near Nyamahuna at
349818 is 1900.

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8. Carefully study the photograph given below then answer the
questions that follow:
(a) Name the type of photograph.
 The photograph is Ground Oblique
(b) Describe the relief of the area.
 The relief of the area is plain at the fore and middle ground
but hills exist at the background.
(c) Giving two reasons, describe the scale of production of the crop in
the photograph.
 The scale of production is a small scale due to the
following reasons:
(i) There are small houses at the background showing that
the area taken is not an official plantation.
(ii) The area covered by the crops is relatively small as only
fore and middle grounds are covered with exclusion of
the backgrounds.
(d) Explain two uses of the crop in the photograph.
(i) The crops can be used as a source of food for both human
beings and other domestic animals like cattle.

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(ii) The crops can be used for commercial purposes and raise
the income for other economic activities.
(e) Describe three conditionsnecessary for the production ofthe crop.
(i) Average rainfall
(ii) Moderate temperature of about 200c -
250c
(iii) Well-drained and fertile soil.
SECTION D (20 Marks)
Answer one (1) question from each part.
PART 1: REGIONAL FOCAL STUDIES
9. Describe six contributionsofcash crops production ofthe economy
of United States of America.
Cash crop production refers to the cultivation of cash crops
for the aim of earning money. The characteristics of cash crop
production include the use of advanced tools of production, use of
large areas of land and growth of cash crops such as tea, cotton,
sisal and coffee among others.
Cash crops production has many contributions to the
economy of the United States of America. These contributions
include-
It has provided employment opportunities for most of the
citizens. For examples in plantations, many Americans are
employed for manual and mental works. Therefore, the industry has
helped to reduce the rate of unemployment; and hence has
ultimately contributed to the rise of the economy of the United
States of America.
In addition, it has helped the country to earn foreign
currency (income. This is the money received for exporting the
produced cash crops to other countries and continents like Africa.
Thus by doing so, it has raised the national income and contributed
greatly to the economy of the United States of America.
It has helped to raise the Gross Domestic Product in
America. GDP refers to the total amount of goods and services that
a country produces per year. Growth of cash crops has therefore
increased production. Rise in Gross Domestic product has a direct
impact on the economy of the United States of America.

Page 44 of 131
Has helped to improve transport and communication
systems in the United States of America; For example, the country
has built better roads and modified the air transport so as to
facilitate easy movement of the produced crops to the industrial
areas or to markets.
Generally, the cash crop production has not only alleviated
the economy but also it has made social development such as
improved social services and improving the welfare of the people in
America.
10. Analyze six potentialsofthe Rufiji river basin.
The Rufiji River basin (RUBADA) is a parastatal, which
was established in 1975 by the government of Tanzania for
different purposes. The Rufiji river basin has two channels, which
are the great Ruaha and the Kilombero River. This basin has several
potentials in our country as it enables people around the basin to
conduct well different activities. Those potentials are as follows.
Generation of electricity; the Rufiji River Basin is used in
generating hydroelectric power from the waterfalls found within the
basin. The waterfalls of the basin run the machine’s turbines and
generate electricity, which is used in industries and in other
domestic uses.
Creates employment opportunities; the basin has enabled
people to be employed in various activities along the basin. Most
people involves in agricultural activities and electric generation
process. The involvement of many people in various activities along
the basin reduces the high number of unemployed people in the
country.
Fishing activities; also the basin has created the site for
fishing activities to take place as the water from rivers contains
fishes. People around the basin conduct fishing activities, which has
helped them to get income and not to depend on helps from the
government.
It is used as the site for irrigation; the Rufiji basin is used
for irrigation in the plantations and farms of people who cultivate.
When there is rainfall water from the basin is used for irrigation.

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Source of income and tourist attraction; the Rufiji basin
has unique species of plants and animals, which attract tourists for
example, the selous game reserve is near this basin and therefore
many tourists come to it from different parts of the world for leisure
or entertainment. The tourists being visiting the area pay fees in
their currency to the government; this ultimately assures the
presence of foreign currency and raises the income of trhe country.
Generally, the government must support this basin by
providing the capital by which the basin will be well managed. This
will ultimately increase the sustainability of the basin and attract the
foreigners or investors to come and use their advanced technology
in preserving the basin and brings sustainable development of the
community.
PART II: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, POPULATION AND
SETTLEMENT
11. Give five reasons for decreasing death rates in many parts of the
world.
Death rate refers to the number of people died in a certain
area per given time. In past years, death rates in many parts of the
world especially in developing countries were very high. This was
probably due to poor health services, poor hygienic conditions and
poor living conditions. All these are factors lead to death of people
through diseases, hunger, civil wars, accidents and so many others.
Now days, the death rates in many parts of the world even
in least developed countries decrease from time to time. This
decrease in death rate can be accounted with a number of reasons.
The following are the reasons for the decreasing death rates in many
parts of the world even in developing countries.
An improved health service in many parts of the world is
among the reasons for decreasing death rates in many parts of the
world. Nowdays, the health services provided by either the
government or private hospitals, are of high qualities. Hospitals are
now found everywhere even in the least developed countries like
Tanzania. For example in Tanzania, there are hospitals in every
district and health centers in every village or word leading to the
availability of health services of high quality whenever they are
needed and hence leading to decrease in death rates.

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Improved and increased food supply in many parts of the
world also accounts for the decrease of death rates. Currently, many
people in most parts of the world are able to consume adequate
amount of food and hence reducing the number of people dying.
The improved food supply can be due to the improvement of living
standards of the people in many parts of the world. For example, the
living standards of the people in Tanzania have increased and due to
the increase of the food supply which ultimately has decreased
death rates.
Provision of health education to people is another reason
for the decrease in death rates in most parts of the world. Many
people are now educated in health affairs especially reproductive
health education, a condition which enabled people to prevent the
possible outbreak of diseases such as malaria, cholera and
HIV/AIDs that kill a huge number of people. Due to the health
education provided, people are now able to avoid the outbreak of
these diseases.
To sum up, death rates has been decreased due to the
maintenance of the various things of reducing deaths. These include
an establishment of improved health services, an increase of the
improved food supply and provision of health education help to
decrease deaths rates in many parts of the world. However, the
governments of the world have to make sure that health friendly
environment is encourage for the proper health maintenance; this
can trigger more birth rates than death rates hence the decrease in
death rates.
12. With the aid of examples, describe six factors affecting growth of
settlements in Africa.
Settlement implies dwellings of people on a certain
geographical area. Settlement can be linear, nucleated or scattered.
Settlements in Africa are unevenly distributed due to various
reasons. In addition, growth of settlement in Africa has been
influenced by various factors some of theminclude:-
Political factors; this may include peace and security,
political stability. Countries, which have peace and security with
political stability, experience high settlement growth compared to
countries with political instability. For example, countries with
good political conditions like Tanzania experience fast growth of
settlement compared to those with political instability like Sudan
and Somalia that suffer from poor settlement growth as most of
their people free themselves to the peaceful countries, leaving their
countries with little number of restless dwellers.

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Presence of pests and diseases; countries such as South
Africa which are free from diseases and pests have great growth of
settlement compared to countries like democratic republic of Congo
which are greatly affected by diseases and pests. Pests and disease
disturb human and animals’ health, this subject man to move away
from the areas prone to disease and pests. However, in areas with
pests and diseases it is difficult for human beings to accommodate
and run other activities including pastoralism and crop cultivation.
This subject the area prone to disease, lack settlement growth;
hence, face little number of people.
Relief; areas with good (gently slope) relief experience fast
growth of settlement since people prefer to settle in flat land
compared to compared to areas with steep slops such as the
mountainous or dense forest areas like the Congo basin
Trading activities; areas with increased trading activities
such as the Mombasa area in Kenya experience growth in
settlement since people prefer to live in areas where trading
activities are dominant compared to areas with trading activities
such as Uganda. For instance, urban areas have experience the fast
growth of settlements compared to rural areas with poor trading
activites.
Employment opportunities; in Africa settlement growth is
high there is availability of employment opportunities compared to
areas with no employment opportunities mainly rural areas. Cities
such as Dar es Salaam in Tanzania have high settlement growth as
they are having large number of employment opportunities.
In summary; settlement growth in Africa goes in hand with
the population dynamics. Areas with favorable conditions are
mostly preferred for settlement; thus causing an increase in
population due to migration of people from unfavorable to
favorable conditions.

Page 48 of 131

Page 49 of 131
021 KISWAHILI
(Kwa Watahiniwa Walioko na Wasiokuwa Shuleni)
Muda: Saa 3:00 Jumatatu, 02 Novemba 2015 asubuhi
Maelekezo
1. Karatasi hii ina sehemu A, B, C, D na E.
2. Jibu maswali yote katika sehemu A, B na D, swali moja (1) kutoka
sehemu C na maswali matatu (3) kutoka sehemu E. Swali la 15 ni
lazima.
3. Zingatia maagizo ya kila sehemu na ya kila swali.
4. Simu za mkononi haziruhusiwi katika chumba cha mtihani.
5. Andika Namba yako ya Mtihani katika kila ukurasa wa kijitabu chako
cha kujibia.
SEHEMU A (Alama 10)
UFAHAMU
Jibu maswali yote katika sehemu hii.
1. Soma kwa makini kifungu cha habari kifuatacho kisha jibu maswali
yanayofuata.
Ustaarabu ni jambo jema ambalo hupendwa na kila jamii yenye
utashi hapa duniani. Kila jamii yenye ustaarabu mambo yake
huendeshwa kwa kuzingatia kanuni na taratibu zinazoeleweka.
Maamuzi na mafanikio mbalimbali miongoni mwa wanajamii
hutolewa bila hamaki wala kukurupuka. Kanuni na taratibu hizo
huiongoza jamii kufikia upeo wake kimaendeleo kuanzia ngazi za
chini kabisa ambayo ni familia mpaka ngazi ya juu kabisa ambayo
ni taifa. Taratibu na kanuni hizo huwekwa katika chombo kimoja
maalumu kinachoitwa katiba.
Katiba ni jumla ya sheria, kanuni na taratibu fulani zilizokubaliwa
kuwekwa na jamii au taifa Fulani kama dira ya maisha ya kila siku
ya jamii au taifa hilo. Taifa bila katiba ni sawa na behewa la
garimoshi bila injini. Hivyo katiba ina umuhimu wa kipekee katika
taifa lolote lile.
Katika nchi zenye utamaduni wa kidemokrasia, katiba huundwa
kutokana na maoni ya wananchi wake kwa utaratibu maalumu
uliowekwa na serikali. Aghalbu, maoni na mawazo yaliyotolewa na
wananchi huwa ni chimbuko la katiba hiyo. Wananchi hujiona ni
sehemu ya utawala. Kwa upande wa pili wa sarafu, nchi zenye
utaratibu wa kiimla , katiba hutayarishwa na watawala kwa maslahi
yao binafsi. Katiba hutumiwa kama sera kwa maslahi ya watawala.
Maoni na mawazo ya wananchi hayazingatiwi katika kuunda katiba.

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Umuhimu wa katiba huonekana na kujidhihirisha waziwazi katika
maisha ya kila siku ya nchi yoyote ile. Kwanza, katiba huelekeza
wajibu wa ila mwanajamii kwa taifa lake na wajibu wa viongozi
walio madarakani kwa wananchi au raia. Pili, katiba huonesha na
kuainisha haki ambazo kila raia anastahili kupata na pia taratibu za
kufuata katia kudai au dupewa haki hizo. Mbali na hayo, katiba
hutoa utaratibu wa jinsi ya kuwapata viongozi wetu katika ngazi
mabalimbali za kisiasa na kijamii. Pia uhuru wa mtu binafsi
hulindwa na katiba. Hivyo, katika nchi ambayo ina katiba
inayokidhi matarajio ya wananchi wote mambo huwa mazuri na
kamwe chombo hakiwezi kwenda mrama.
Aidha, wananchi hawana budi kuelewa maana ya katiba ili waweze
kutoa maoni na mapendekezo ya kuunda katiba mpya au kuimarisha
iliyopo. Ni muhali kwa mtu asiyejua maana ya katiba kutoa maoni
kuhusu katiba. Wananchi hupaswa kuelimishwa kupita semina,
warsha na makongamano mbalimbali ili kujua katiba zao na kutoa
maoni kuhusu uundaji wa katibu mpya. Hata hivyo, wananchi
wengi hasa vijana hawajitumi katika kuzijua katiba za nchi zao au
kutoa maoni ya uundaji wa katiba mpya. Athari zake ni kutojua
haki zao za msingi na kuburutwa kama mkokoteni na watawala
katika mambo mbalimbali. Vilevile hulalamikia mambo ambayo
hawakuchangia mawazo.
Hivyo basi, ni vizuri kwa wananchi kutambua, kuthamini na
kuheshimu uwepo wa katiba kama kiongozi kizuri katika kuonesha
njia muafaka ya kujiletea maendeleo kisiasa, kijamii, kiuchumi na
kiutamaduni kwa nchi husika.
Maswali
a) Toa maana ya maneno yote yaliyokolezwa wino kama
yalivyotumika katika habari uliyosoma.
i. Utashi ni uelewa au ufahamu alionao binadamu,
uwezo wa kung’amua mambo.
ii. Hamaki ni kuhemka kama ilivyotumika katika
habari.
iii. Kiimla ni mfumo wa uongozi wa mabavu.
iv. Mrama ni kutokuwa na mwelekeo sahihi,
kuyumbayumba.

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b) Kwa mujibu wa habari uliyosoma, taja mambo mazuri mawili
yatokanayo na uwepo wa katiba katika nchi.
Katiba huelekeza wajibu wa kila mwanajamii kwa taifa lake.
Hutoa utaratibu wa namna ya kuongoza katika ngazi
mbalimbali za serikali.
c) Kwanini mwandishi anasema katiba hutumiwa kama sera kwa
maslahi ya watawala?
Kwa sababu maoni ya mwananchi hayazingatiwi katika uundaji
wa katiba. Watawala hutoa mawazo yao kwa kujinufaisha na
maslahi ya nchi bila kuwashirikisha wananchi.
d) Je, ni hofu gani aliyonayo mwandishi dhidi ya vijana kuhusu
katiba?
Kutosoma katiba na kuelewa haki zao, hivyo kuburutwa na
watawala kama mikokoteni na kusababisha taifa kuwa na watu
wasiojua haki zao za msingi.
e) Andika kichwa cha habari uliyosoma kisichozidi maneno
matano (5). Kichwa cha habari ni UMUHIMU WA KATIBA.
2. Fupisha habari uliyosoma kwa maneno yasiyopungua mia moja
(100).
Jamii yenye mafanikio huendeshwa kwa kuzingatia taratibu na
kanuni zinazoeleweka kwa kila mmoja. Hii hupelekea kutolewa
kwa maamuzi bila kusita. Misingi hii ndiyo dira kuanzia ngazi ya
familia mpaka ngazi ya taifa na katiba ndicho chombo chenye
misingi hiyo.
Misingi hiyo ya katiba huonesha dira ya maisha ili kuenda katika
utaratibu unaofaa. Katiba huundwa na maoni ya wananchi katika
nchi zenye utamaduni wa demokrasia. Aidha, zile zinazoongozwa
kimabavu katiba zake huandaliwa na watawala kwa matakwa yao.
Katiba hueleza wajibu wa kila mwananchi na haki zake ili
kuwawezesha kuzidai pale inapobidi.
Ni muhimu wananchi wote kuielewa katiba vizuri ili waweze kutoa
maoni. Uelewa huu hupatikana kwa njia ya warsha na
makongamano. Hivyo basi wananchi wanapaswa kuheshimu katiba
ambayo ndio mwongozo wa maisha ya kila mmoja katika kuleta
maendeleo.

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SEHEMU B (Alama 25)
SARUFI NA UTUMIZI WA LUGHA
Jibu maswali yote katika sehemu hii.
mingine inapatikana kwenyetovutiyetu:http://maktaba.tetea.org
3. Watumiaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili hufanya makosa mengi bila ya
kudhamiria. Taja aina mbili za makosa hayo kwa kutoa mfano wa
sentensi mbili kwa kila kosa.
i. Makosa ya kimsamiati. Haya ni makosa ambayo hufanywa na
mtumiaji wa lugha pale ambapo huchnganya matumizi ya
msamiati.
Mfano. 1. Ana amenona. Neno nona halitumiki kwa binadamu
bali kwa wanyama hivyo alipaswa kusema Ana amenenepa.
Mfano 2. Rozi amenoga. Neno noga hutumika kwa chakula
kuashiria ladha ya utamu lakini si kwa binadamu. Hivyo usahihi
wake ni Rozi amependeza.
ii.Makosa ya kimatamshi. Haya ni makosa ambayo mtumiaji wa
lugha hutamka maneno visivyo sahihi, hii huweza kutokana na
athari ya lugha mama au vinginevyo.
Mfano. 1. Mama amerara badala ya Mama amelala.
Mfano. 2. Zizini mna idadi ya Mbuzi selasini badala ya Zizini
mna Mbuzi thelathini.
4. (a) Eleza maana ya rejesta.
Rejesta ni mtindo wa lugha inayotumika mahali penye shughuli
fulani ambayo ni tofauti na lugha ya kawaida. Mfano, hotelini nipe
Wali ng’ombe.
(b) Kwa kutoa mifano, taja mambo muhimu matatu
yanayomwongoza
mtumiaji wa lugha katika uteuzi wa rejesta.
i. Mazingira. Sehemu ambapo mazungumzo hayo hufanyika.
Mfano kanisani bwana asifiwe.
ii. Uhusiano baina ya wahusika. Mfano baba na mtoto, watu
wenye rika moja, mwajiri na mfanyakazi, nk. Mfano, watu
wenye rika moja vijana, mambo niaje, nipe jero na buku.

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iii. Mada ya mazungumzo. Ni jambo linalozungumziwa. Hili
humfanya mzungumzaji achague ainaya rejesta au lugha ya
kutumia. Mfano, mada za biashara, taaluma fulani, sheria,
siasa nk.
5. Katika kila sentensi andika neno moja lenye maana sawa na
maelezo ya sentensi husika.
(a) Mtu anayechunguza uhalifu: Mpelelezi
(b) Ng’ombe dume aliyehasiwa.: Maksai
(c) Chombo cha usafiri kinachopita juu ya vyuma: Treni
(d) Mti unaozaa matunda yanayotengenezwa kinywaji cha kahawa:
Mbuni
(e) Sehemu ndogo ya nchi iliyochongoka na kuzungukwa na
bahari katika sehemu zake tatu: Rasi
6. Eleza dhima za mofimu "li" kama ilivyotumika katika sentensi
zifuatazo:
SENTENSI DHIMA
(a) Shamba letu li kubwa sana. ‘li’ ina dhima ya kitenzi kishirikishi.
(b) Wlichelewa kurudi. ‘li’ ni kiambishi awali cha njeo ya
wakati uliopita.
(c) Tunalifuatilia. ‘li’ ni kiambishi awali chenye dhima
ya urejeleo au urejeshi wa kitajwa.
(d) Limeharibika. ‘li’ ina dhima ya ngeli ya tatu ya LI-
YA wingi.
(e) Shikilia. ‘li’ ina dhima ya kiambishi tamati cha
utendea.
7. Andika sentensi zifuatazo katika hali ya ukanushi:
SENTENSI UKANUSHI
(f) Ameshiba sana. Hajashiba sana.
(g) Watoto wengi wanaogelea. Watoto wengi hawaogelei.
(h) Mvua ilinyesha kwa wingi sana. Mvua haikunyesha kwa wingi sana.
(i) Kijana anakula chakula kingi. Kijana hali chakula kiingi.
(j) Mimi nasoma polepole. Mimi sisomi polepole.

Page 54 of 131
SEHEMU C (Alama 10)
UANDISHI
Jibu swali moja (1) kutoka sehemu hii.
8. Jifanye wewe ni Gudhah Mukish anayeishi mtaa wa Tandamti -
Gerezani Kariakoo na unataka kuuza gari yako aina ya TOTYOTA
CARINA. Andika tangazo kwenye gazeti la Mwananchi.
GARI INAUZWA KWA BEI NAFUU!!!
GARI AINA YA TOYOTA CARINA KUTOKA CHINA INAUZWA
WAHI UJIPATIE KWA PUNGUZO LA ASILIMIA 30.
WASILIANA NA GUDHAH MUKISH 0766450715. MTAA WA
TANDAMTI-GEREZANI KARIAKOO.
9. Andaa kadi ya mwaliko kwa rafiki zako ili washiriki katika mahafali
ya kumaliza Kidato cha Nne yatakayofanyika shuleni kwako siku ya
Jumamosi tarehe 21/11/2015, kisha kufuatiwa na tafrija fupi
itakayoandaliwa na wazazi wako katika ukumbi wa Kijiji mnamo
saa 10.00 jioni. Jina lako liwe Sili Silali wa SHule ya Sekondari
Kiriche.
Sili Silali wa shule ya sekondari Kiriche anayo furaha kubwa
kukualika wewe Johnson Kitambi kama rafiki yake katika mahafali
ya kuhitimu kidato cha nne yatakayofayika shuleni kwake siku ya
jumamosi tarehe 21/11/2015 na kufuatiwa na tafrija fupi
itakayoandaliwa na wazazi wake katika ukumbi wa kijiji mnamo
saa 10.00 jioni.
SEHEMU D (Alama 10)
MAENDELEO YA KISWAHILI
Jibu swali la kumi (10)
10. Chama cha Kiswahili cha Afrika (CHAKA) ni miongoni mwa
taasisi zilizojitahidi katika kukuza na kueneza Kiswahili Barani
Afrika. Eleza majukumu matano ya chama hiki katika kufanikisha
azma hiyo.
CHAKA ni chama cha Kiswahili Afrika. Chama hiki
kilianzishwa katika semina ya kimataifa kuhusu usanifishaji wa
istilahi za kiswahili mwaka 1978 katika chuo kikuu cha Dar es

Page 55 of 131
salaam. Ikiwa na wajumbe kutoka Tanzania, Kenya, Msumbiji na
Zambia. Kikiwa na madhumuni ya kukuza na kueneza Kiswahili
kote Afrika, kuleta umoja katika mataifa ya Afrika na kutumia
lugha ya asili.
Chama hiki kilikuwa na majukumu mbalimbali, katika
kufanikisha azma yake. Majukumu hayo ni kama ifuatavyo:-
Kuandaa mikutano semina na warsha ili kuchambua na
kusanifu istilahi ya Kiswahili. Hii ilitolewa kwa wadau mbalimbali
wa Kiswahili wakiwemo waandishi wa vitabu, wakalimani,
wafasiri, watumishi wa serikali, watangazaji na wengine wengi.
Lengo kubwa ikiwa ni kusambaza Kiswahili kwa mawanda mapana
zaidi.
Kuanzisha vyama vya Kiswahili katika kila nchi
mwanachama na kuanzisha vituo mbalimbali vya utafiti wa
Kiswahili. Vituo hivi vilikusudiwa kuwa na jukumu la kukusanya
taarifa na kuwakutanisha wataalamu na wachunguzi wa lugha ya
Kiswahili wa nchi hizo.
Kusaidia utoaji wa mafunzo ya lugha ya Kiswahili katika
kila nchi mwanachama, kutengeneza vifaa vya kufundishia kama
vile kamusi na vitabu vingine vya kitaaluma, kanda za sauti, santuri
na kadhalika.
Kutafuta msaada wa kukuza lugha ya Kiswahili; chaka
husaidiakukuzalugha ya Kiswahili kwa kutafuta misaada ya hiari
ambayo inaweza kusaidia shughuli za ukuzaji wa Kiswahili.
Misaada hiyo hujikita katika kuanzisha vituo vya utafiti,
kuendeshamafunzo ya Kiswahili, semina na warsha za kimataifa.
Vilevile CHAKA hutoa misaada ya mafunzo kwa wakuzaji
wa lugha ya Kiswahili wakiwemo waandishi, walimu wa somo la
Kiswahili, wafasiri, wakalimani na watafiti ili waweze kufikia
malengo waliyo kusudia waliyo nayo katika ukuzaji wa lugha ya
Kiswahili.
Hivyo basi CHAKA ni taasisi ambayo imefanya juhudi
kubwa sana katika kuhakikisha Kiswahili kinapiga hatua ndani ya
bara la Afrika. CHAKA imeifanya lugha ya Kiswahili kukua na
hata kuvuka mipaka ya bara Afrika, mfano mzuri Kiswahili
kimedhihirika kutumika katika vyombo vya habari vya kimataifa
kama Redio China Kimataifa, Shirika la Utangazaji la Uingereza
(BBC) na Sauti ya Amerika (VOA). Hivyo ni kusema kuwa
CHAKA imesaidia kuleta mafanikio makubwa sana katika kukua
na kupanuka kwa lugha ya Kiswahili ndani na nje ya bara la Afrika.

Page 56 of 131
SEHEMU E (Alama 45)
FASIHI KWA UJUMLA
Jibu maswali matatu (3) kutoka katika sehemu hii. Swali la 15 ni la lazima.
Ushairi Riwaya
Wasakatonge - M.S. Khatibu (DUP)
Malenga Wapya - TAKILUKI (DUP)
Mashairi ya Chekacheka - T.A. Mvungi
(EP & D.LTD)
Takadini - Ben J. Hanson (MBS)
Watoto wa Maman’tilie - E. Mbogo
(H.P)
Joka la Mdimu - A.J. Safari (H.P.)
Tamthiliya
Orodha - Steve Reynolds (MA)
Ngoswe Penzi Kitovu cha Uzembe - E.
Semzaba (ESC)
Kilio Chetu - Medical Aid Founda
11. Kwa kutumia mifano, fafanua kanuni muhimu nne za utunzi wa
mashairi ya kimapokeo.
Ushairi ni utungo wa kisanaa unaotumia lugha teule na mpangilio
fulani wa maneno badala ya kutumia lugha natharia (mflulizo). Mashairi
ya kimapokeo pia huitwa mashairi funge haya ni mashairi
yanayozingatia kanuni za muwala ama urari (ulinganifu) wa mizani,
vina, idadi ya mistari katika kila ubeti na kituo katika shairi.
Mashairi haya ya kimapokeo hutungwa kwa kuzingatia kanauni
mbalimnbali. Zifuatazo ni kanuni muhimu nne zizingatiwazo katika
utunzi wa mashairi ya kimapokeo.
Muundo wa tarbia. Muundo huu hujumuisha mashairi
yaliyoundwa na beti zenye mistari minne mfano hapo chini unafafanua
zaidi.
Twiga mnyama mrembo, ni hakika avutia,
Mwendo wake wa maringo, mbugani akitembea,
Ananesa kwa mdundo, kimtazama vutia,
Twiga namsifiya, ni mnyama lojaliwa.
Urari wa vina na mizani. Mizani ni idadi ya silabi katika mstari,
mashairi ya kimapokeao huwa na mizani nane kwa nane yaani jumla kumi
na sita katika mstari mzima. Vina ni ulinganifu au ufanano wa silabi au irabu
za mwisho na kati mwa mstari. Kwa ufafanuzi zaidi ubeti ufuatao kama
ulivyotangulia kuonekana hapo unadhihirisha urari wa vina na mizani.

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