Linus Case Synthesis Essay

Linus Case Synthesis Essay
After reviewing the source code form Stallman's version, Linus was able to code together the first
version of Linux. I feel that after reviewing that source code, Linus advance the code to be able to
produce Linux. Using the GNU project, I think Linus was able to finally figure out what he wanted
to achieved.
After a visit to Transmeta in late 1996, Torvalds accepted a position at the company in California,
where he would work from February 1997 until June 2003. He then moved to the Open Source
Development Labs, which has since merged with the Free Standards Group to become the Linux
Foundation, under whose auspices he continues to work. In June 2004, Torvalds and his family
moved to Dunthorpe, Oregon, to be closer to the OSDL's Beaverton, ... Show more content on
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I feel that due to the success. He was finally taken serious on his beliefs of open source code should
be free. He really is a hack a code guy that can sit for hours nonstop inputting code. He works to
advance open source code which I find is amazing.
From 1997 to 1999, he was involved in 86open helping to choose the standard binary format for
Linux and Unix. In 1999, he was named by the MIT Technology Review TR100 as one of the
world's top 100 innovators under age 35.In 1999, Red Hat and VA Linux, both leading developers of
Linux–based software, presented Torvalds with stock options in gratitude for his creation.That same
year both companies went public and Torvalds's share value temporarily shot up to roughly US$20
million.
His personal mascot is a penguin nicknamed Tux, which has been widely adopted by the Linux
community as the mascot of the Linux kernel. Although Torvalds believes "open source is the only
right way to do software", he also has said that he uses the "best tool for the job", even if that
includes proprietary software. He was criticized for his use and alleged advocacy of the proprietary
BitKeeper software for version control in the Linux kernel. Torvalds subsequently wrote a free–
software replacement for BitKeeper called
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Competition As A Monopolistic Competition
Competition in Smartphone Markets
Introduction
The competition in Smartphone Markets is a monopolistic competition, in which the products of
each firm are differentiated and the entry barrier is free. Products competing in the network
industries have network externalities.
Accordingly, this essay will deal with the following aspects of the question. Initially, the concept of
the monopolistic competition is present. Follow by the idea of the network effect theory. The multi–
sided market and the core business strategies is analyzed and finally, the examination of the future
of the smartphone competition is shown.
What is the 'monopolistic competition'?
Monopolistic competition refers to a competition where monopoly exists, and is neither a perfect
competition nor an oligopoly. As the market competition become intense, the distribution of
resource becomes rational; therefore, the level of competition in the monopolistic competition is
more intense than it is in the oligopoly and perfect competition (Roberts et al, 1977). Another reason
caused this is that the products in the monopolistic competition can be easily replaced. Nowadays,
smartphones of different brands are similar on their appearance, details and even functions. The
conditions for a monopolistic competition to exist are as follows. Initially, the products in the
competition have to be differentiated. The differences can be in the quality of the products, the
appearance, the label or the sales conditions.

Tanenbaum's Argument Analysis
Tanenbaum started the debate in 1992, he titled the email thread 'LINUX is obsolete'. His arguments
against Linux were that older operating system's used monolithic kernels and that modern operating
system's should be using microkernels. Tanenbaum states, "suffice it to say that among the people
who actually design operating systems, the debate is essentially over. Microkernels have won,"
(O'Reilly Appendix A). Tanenbaum thinks that a monolithic kernel is very archaic and should not be
used for modern operating systems. Tanenbaum also criticizes the portability of Linux, he says that a
monolithic kernel is harder to code for different architectures compared to a microkernel. Linux was
designed to run solely on the Intel x86 architecture, and Tanenbaum saw this as a 'gross error'. ...
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He states that, "Porting things to linux is generally /much/ easier than porting them to minix,"
(O'Reilly Appendix A). Monolithic kernel are also easier to make compared to microkernels because
microkernels need extra components such as a messaging system so the kernel can communicate
with other services outside the kernel. Linux is free operating system, and one of the reason why is
because it was easy for Torvalds to make. Another, major point in the debate is the performance
difference between the two kernels. Tanenbaum states, "The only real argument for monolithic
systems was performance, and there is now enough evidence showing that microkernel systems can
be just as fast as monolithic systems (e.g., Rick Rashid has published papers comparing Mach 3.0 to
monolithic systems) that it is now all over but the shoutin',"(O'Reilly). Torvalds and some of his
colleagues do not completely agree on this matter and site that the context switches and message
passing slows down the microkernel (O'Reilly Appendix A). On the other hand, the monolithic
kernel does not have to do any message passing or context

Github and Social Computing Essay
"GitHub is the best place to share code with friends, co–workers, classmates, and complete
strangers." ––GitHub
Description
GitHub, which was found in 2008, is now the largest and most popular open source code repository
site. It is over three million users building software better, together and over five million repositories
being host on GitHub. GitHub is not only a platform for reversion control for software development
projects, but also a collaborative community with lots of active "hackers" in it.
Git revision control system is the core of GitHub, which means every single project no matter how
large or small it is, is implementing Git. The main processes in Git software ... Show more content
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Owners
Another main set of players in GitHub is the owners of project. Owners can be individual or
companies. Some project owners are also developers in other projects. For the owners of open
source project, they want as many as possible developers to build a high quality and bug free
projects with high efficiency and low cost. While, they are easy to face a dilemma that too many
developing branches from different users, which are sometimes incompatible with each other.
Project owners are required to spend plenty of time on identifying which change is good for the
whole project.
GitHub
For GitHub, they always want to have more users and more repositories on their system. They
provide a stable platform to encourage more people participate and contribute to keep the whole
community active. They provide free hosting for all open source repository, while users have to pay
some fee to obtain private repositories or to develop enterprise project on GitHub.
Analysis
GitHub provides free download for all open source projects. Users can sign up an account and
download the codes as many as they want. All open source projects should be pure public good. In
the open source collective system like GitHub, it is essential to keep the community active. Users'
participation and contribution in

Designing A Different Operating System
You can't know where you're going unless you know where you been, this saying rings true when
thinking of Lunix. In order to know the start of Lunix one would have to travel back in time quite a
bit. In this paper, I will research the start of Linux, the growth, and the future. When thinking of
computers imagine they are as big as the tallest building or stadium. While the size of those
computers posed problems, there was the one thing that made them worse: every computer had a
different operating system. Software was customized to serve a certain purpose, and software didn't
run from one system to another. This was painful for both the system administrators and users alike.
Computers were so expensive back then, and so many sacrifices had to made even after the original
big purchase just to get the users to understand how the parts worked together. Technology at that
time was not so advanced, so this was the way of life for another decade or so. In 1969, the
beginning of finding a solution to the software problem began. The first developer Ken Thompson is
an American pioneer in computer science. He started out working at Bell Labs for most of his
career. Dennis Richie is the second developer who was a computer scientist that created the C
programming language and, with Ken Thompson and created the "Unix" project. Thompson and
Richie came together to address the compatibility issues and develop a new operating system. The
key points that they wanted to instill was to

The Approach Of The Software Artifact Summarization Paradigm
Our approach consists of following steps. First, we collected a corpus of code fragments, containing
127 code fragments, extracted directly from the Eclipse and NetBeans Official FAQs. Second, we
hired human annotators to suggest summary lines i.e., Gold Summary Lines (annotation). Third, we
introduced crowdsourcing (data–driven) as a problem solving model in software artifact
summarization paradigm, as it had not been employed before for software artifact summarization,
for extracting code features. Fourth, we trained two classifiers namely Support Vector Machines
(SVM) and Naive Bayes (NB) on code fragments. Next, we evaluated the effectiveness of these
classifiers on different statistical measures such as Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F–Score, True
Positive Rate (TPR), False Positive Rate (FPR), Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC), and Area
under curve (AUC). In the end, we performed feature selection analysis to rank and determine the
importance of selected features. In the sections below, we discuss these steps one by one. 5.2.1
Corpus Creation We need a corpus of code fragments to train and judge the effectiveness of our
classifiers. Optimally, such a corpus would have been made available before or created by experts in
the field of code fragment summarization. Previously, Ying et al. [94] have collected a corpus of
code fragments containing 70 code fragments from Eclipse Official FAQ. Since last year, additional
8 code fragments have been added to Eclipse FAQ,

Operating Systems : Operating System
There are dozens of operating systems out in the wild, each designed and optimized for different
things. This paper will be focusing on one such optimized operating system named Raspbian. This
operating system is a derivation of the more well–known operating system Debian. More precisely,
Raspbian is a modified and optimized port of Debian's Jessie build. As this paper goes on, readers
will discover that since Raspbian is a direct descendent of Debian Jessie, it inherits most of Debian's
traits.
To begin, the name Raspbian comes from two separate pieces. The first is its parent operating
system, Debian. Debian is an operating system created by The Debian Project that makes use of
either the Linux kernel or the FreeBSD kernel. Raspbian derives from Debian in that it was
originally designed to be a port of the "ABI ARM Hard Float Port", also known as the "armhf" port,
which was in itself a port of Debian Wheezy. The reason for the double port of Debian is the other
half of Raspbian's name: the Raspberry Pi. The original Raspberry Pi was released by The
Raspberry Pi Foundation in February 2012. Originally designed in Europe, the hope was "that
teachers, developers and the government will come together to get the device into the hands of
children who may not have access to a computer at home or would not be allowed by parents to
'muck about with it'" (Cellan–Jones). The Raspberry Pi Foundation was met with immediate success
not only in its original goal, but far beyond it. The

Nt1330 Unit 3 Assignment
Linux is a free open–source software that anybody can use . Most people use computers don't even
know that Linux exists. Most people just use whatever is already downloaded onto the computer. Or
if they buy computer that has no software on it they would buy Windows or Mac since it's displayed
in many stores. Difference between Linux and windows / Macs is that you can download a version
that specifically displays OS that relates to what you want to use it for. For example there's different
distributions that are customized to be only used for editing software. or on the other hand many
people just want to use the terminal or start with a o s that is used for coding. Either way you can
find many different types of Linux that you can download anywhere on the internet. all of these
being free. this is one of the main ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
this mainly relates to if you want to use the terminal or coding, or go with a more friendly interface
such as a desktop. this will mainly split the distributions for Lennox in half one side being focused
on coding and the other one using a friendly interface as a desktop . next you would look into why
you're using this OS . for example you could either go towards a distribution for servers or you can
go towards a distribution for creating different file systems or categories of media. once your found
the distribution you would like you would then go to its home page and download the files onto a
flash drive or media device. this device will become your boot drive that you will then put your
computer from. you will then shut down your computer turn back on but this time into the BIOS
settings. once there you will then be able to change what your computer boots to and this would be
the new boot drive that you just downloaded the distribution to. at this point in your computer
should boot up into the new Linux operating system that you just

Open and Closed Source and What It Means
Open and Closed Source Systems
June 24, 2013
Open and Closed Source System
What Open Source Means
Open–Source means it is free. No one owns it, so there is no source code, no key code, and no
licensing to purchase. When Linus Torvalds created Linux, he determined that the more people or,
the more minds delving into the software can make the system more creative, more improved, and
the possibilities are endless. Thus, he gave Linux to the world as a free open–source operating
system ("Damicon; Linking The Left Brain And The Right Brain: Open Vs. Closed Source", 2003–
2009).
Open–Source is defined by the code or source code is accessible to person or persons who
essentially use it or in IT definition: end–user. The user can revise and ... Show more content on
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Software that safeguards these privileges are kept is called free software.
The license was originally written by Richard Stallman of the Free Software Foundation or (FSF)
for the GNU project. According to Gnu General Public License, Version 3 29 June 2007 (2007),
"The GNU General Public license is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works"
(para. 1). Copyleft means a technique for creating a program whereby it is free; forcing any altered
and expanded versions of said program to be free also. A software company provides a software
license to a consumer who then provides their permission for the consumer to use their software
packet or package. Typically, it comes with many restrictions, and only allows the user one copy per
license. It cannot be copied or distributed in anyway. Such is the case for Microsoft.
Microsoft also has volume licensing in that a corporation can purchase as many licenses, or also
referred to as key codes, as they might need depending on the size of the business.
When Microsoft came up with volume licensing it allowed businesses to save costs by not having to
purchase the boxed software. The cost is only for the license number or key code. It can also give
tailored buying choices and better software administration.
References
Damicon; linking the left–brain and the right brain: Open vs. Closed Source. (2003– 2009).
Retrieved from

Nt1310 Unit 3 Research Paper
Darius Tann
Dr. Bullock
CST 130 Section 2
November 1, 2015
Deepin, Xubuntu, and Kubuntu
Linux is an open source operating system based on UNIX. There are many types of Linux operating
systems available today, but there were several resemblances between different Linux systems. All
Linux systems use the Linux kernel. Deepin, Xubuntu, and Kubuntu are three of the many Linux
distributions.
Deepin is based on Ubuntu, which provides many benefits. Additionally, any packages that you find
online that made for Ubuntu can be installed in Deepin without any concerns. Deepin is not very
popular but users can feel good using it. Danny Steiben (2014) states that "One of the biggest
benefits of using Deepin that it does not have a Unity desktop environment ... Show more content on
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The improvements do continue today. Jack Wallen (TechRepublic, 2012) writes, "With Kubuntu
Unity's Dash, when you run a search, the search results will include items that can be purchased
from Amazon.com." When you do search in Dash, Unity will give you an interactive view of the
results. You can show the in its folder or play the file. If the file is a document, the view will allow
you to open the containing folder. Remote login has three options: User Login, Guest Session, and
Remote Login. The Remote Login allows you to set up remote connections, which the user can then
log onto from the login screen. The user can gain fast access to the remote machines. Kubuntu has
Web services integrated into the Launcher and the Dash, making well connected interfaces. The
simplest example of this is the ability to have the arrival of Gmail announced in the notification
area. Once the user authenticated the online account with Unity, they can search their Google Apps
account from within the Dash and open files with simple

Sobell Fedora and Red Hat Linux Chapter 1 Answers Essay
Linux Networking
NT1430
Unit Exercises
Chapter 1.
1. Free software is free, users can change code, and source code is available to anyone.
2. GNU/Linux is portable, is based on standards, is written in C, has a kernel programming
interface, can support many users, and can run multiple tasks. For more information, refer to "What
Is So Good about
GNU/Linux?" The source code for the operating system is readily available so that students can
understand more easily how GNU/Linux works and can modify the code further to understand its
operation and change the way it works. For more information, refer to "The Code Is Free"
3. Multiuser operating systems allows the multiple users to access the resources of a single ... Show
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You can download many utilities from the Internet. Examples of utilities are cp (copies a file), ls
(lists information about files), ssh (securely connects to a remote computer), and df (lists
information about free space on system devices such as hard disks).
7. Shell is a piece of software that provides an interface for users of an operating system. Shell
provides access to the services of a kernel. Shell makes the user's job faster and easier in many
ways.
8. Write a shell script, also called a shell program, or a batch file under DOS. A shell script is one or
more command lines contained in a file. Make the file executable and give the name of the file as a
command: The shell executes the commands in the file, as though you had typed each command
individually.
9. Because it uses a hierarchical structure in shape of a pyramid or (up–rooted) tree to make director
and subdirectories.
10. Multiprocessor (having more than one processor) refers to a system with two or more processors
or CPUs. Multiprocessing (supporting multiple processes) refers to a system that can process one or
more tasks at a time.
11. Using 2 or more CPUs and multi–tasking, gaming, using resource intense programs.
12. Many thousands of people contributed to the GNU/Linux Operating System using the Internet.
This project is unique because such a project, using free software, had never been attempted before.
13. The GPL says you have the right to copy, modify, and redistribute the

Security Considerations : Windows Server
3. Security Considerations
Both Windows Server 2k12 and Rhel 7 have the potential to securely run core services such as DNS,
LDAP, and DHCP. In my opinion the largest factor affecting the security of either installation is the
experience of the administrator configuring the service. Windows 2k12 is incredibly straightforward
to configure, and by default provides decent security settings. It also provides tools such as
Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer, which are produced in house (by Microsoft), and aid less
experienced administrators in analyzing and further securing their systems.
This is in contrast to Linux distributions, especially Rhel 7. To a less experienced administrator,
configuring these operating systems, much less the core services on them can prove to be a daunting
task. Anecdotal Evidence: The first time I needed to install and configure DNS on a Linux machine I
spent probably upwards of 6 or 7 hours attempting to create a working config and zone file. It took
me about 30 minutes to do the same task for the first time on Windows server. It is exactly this type
of barrier to entry that hurts the potential security of Linux systems.
Comparing windows server and Linux servers on a configurability scale though, Linux wins hands
down. Linux servers not only allow you to get incredibly fine grain in their control, to the point of
compiling custom kernels, but they also allow for the daunting, yet important SELinux. SELinux
allows you to lock down a machine to a

Licenses in The Networked Information Economy Essay examples
Free and open source software has become an integral part of the modern internet age. As a result of
the threat posed by copyright laws sponsored by proprietary software companies, the free software
community has developed many software licenses to combat copyright and protect the developer.
Many open source licenses have ben used by developers to release their programs to the community.
Some of the most popular licenses are the Apache License, the GNU General Public License (GPL),
and the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). Each of these licenses gives different rights
for the licensor and the user of the license. Each license also has implications on the availability of
the code to the future developer community. The GPL more ... Show more content on
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The LGPL is a less restrictive copyleft license based, for the most part, on the GPL. One main
difference between the two licenses is the fact that the LGPL allows the use of its licensed libraries
to be used in proprietary software as well as free software (Free Software Foundation, n.d.).
Programs that are licensed under the GPL include the Qt application development system, the
RhythmBox music player, and the Blender 3d modeling program. Programs licensed under the GPL
have a wide developer base and a wide variety of improvements because anyone can access the
source code and release changes to the community.
The Apache Software License was developed by the Apache Software Foundation as an alternative
to the restrictions of the GPL. The Apache License is a much less restrictive license than the GPL or
the LGPL. The main difference between the two licenses is that code under the Apache License can
be used in a proprietary program (Wilson, 2005a). Another difference in the Apace License is the
fact that users of programs licensed under the Apache License do not have to contribute their
changes back to the community, as with the GPL (Metz, 2012). Aside from the Apache web server,
Google's Android Operating System and Hadoop–a networked data processing program–are
licensed under the Apache License (Metz, 2012). Some proprietary software

Why Software Should Be Free By Richard Stallman
Vincent Jonany
Term Paper
INFO 450
06/06/15
In the paper "Why Software Should Be Free" written by Richard Stallman, he argued that
developers should develop free software. In the paper, Stallman justified his belief of the "free
software" movement. Stallman believes that free software can be defined with the four essential
freedoms: the freedom to run the program however the users like, the freedom to modify the source
code so that it does different computing, the freedom to distribute copies of the program, and the
freedom to distribute the modified copies to others. In his justifications of his stand on free software,
he argues that people will still have the initiative to develop software even though they know that it
will be freely distributed. Hence, Stallman believes that one of the main goals for the ... Show more
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Stallman first reminded the readers that institutions do not have to be software houses to be able to
pay programmers. Stallman then brought out his own experience of making a living for six years as
a free software developer. Stallman talked about his experience of him being hired from other
institutions to make improvements for free software. He explained that these institutions are able to
fund programmers by using the money from donations from computer manufacturers. Lastly,
Stallman justified that although free software developer realized that they are getting paid at least
half of what they could make elsewhere, they do this because they will be free from bureaucracy,
and they feel good about themselves. They feel good about themselves because they know their
works are for the greater good for humanity. Hence, Stallman once again confirmed that we do not
have to worry that no one will program, since programming is the most fascinating of all fields
according to

Open Source Security and The Kerchoff´s Principle
Introduction This lecture was given by Dr. David Mirza Ahmad one of chief mentors of Subgraph,
which is a open–source security start–up based out in Montreal. The talk was based on Kerchoff's
principle which states "the security of any cryptographic system does not rest in its secrecy; it must
be able to fall into the enemy's hand without inconvenience" [1]. The kerchoff's principle underlines
the fact that free software should be having reasonably good security. This fact is well understood by
the world of cryptography because cryptography is a black–box where you never know what is
happening inside it. There are lot of security research communities across the globe, many are
informal and low–budget though. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The community was defiantly open and the Symantec acquisition provoked strong protective
reactions.
Both hackers and security researchers have always shared their research enthusiastically. Someone
would be coming with a new class of attack, then the exploits begin to appear and the cycle
continues.
Another notable example was the coming of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) in the mid late
1990's. IDS were in high gear selling their IDS by publicising to buy this box and never fear the
hackers again. IDS are designed to detect the various attack signatures in the real world. But their
happiness was short–liví when Tom Ptacek and Tim Newsham published a paper that broke IDS.
Open Source and Security The researchers also write tools, often free software like BackTrack,
Helix. The world owes so much to the open source innovation like grassroots. There were several
others used for vulnerability assessment like ISS(which was eventually acquired by IBM) and
SATAN released in 1995 that did perform a variety of checks although it was controversial during
its time.
Openssh
Version 1 of SSh was designed and implemented as freeware in 1995.
The job of creating a new version of SSH and OpenSSh was taken by OpenBSD.
By the year 1999 it was no longer a freeware.
It turned out to be an enormous success when the whole world abandoned telnet, rsh, rlogin for
OpenSSH
The OpenSSH continued to innovate,

Nt1310 Unit 4.1 Opensl
4.1 OPENSSL: OpenSSL is an open source project that provides a robust, commercial–grade, and
full–featured toolkit for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
protocols. It is also a general–purpose cryptography library. The OpenSSL toolkit is licensed under
an Apache–style license, which basically means that you are free to get and use it for commercial
and non–commercial purposes subject to some simple license conditions. STEP 1: Whatsapp traffic
is recorded using Wireshark. Wireshark is an open source tool for profiling network traffic and
analyzing packets. Such a tool is often referred to as a network analyzer, network protocol analyzer
or sniffer. Wireshark, formerly known as Ethereal, can be used to examine the details of traffic at a
variety of levels ranging from connection–level information to the bits that make up a single packet.
Packet capture can provide a network ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
STEP 2: The picture shown below is the screenshot of the traffic file captured by the wireshark in
encrypted format. As all the traffic from or out of whatsapp is in encrypted form. Figure 4.2
Screenshot showing captured whatsapp data. STEP 3: The screenshot below shows the encryption of
whatsapp database using openssl package to generate file in crypt 12 format. Crypt 12 is the latest
database encryption format of whatsapp. "–in" option in the command takes in plain text conversion
data from whatsapp and "–out" gives the output in crypt 12 format in the file name given next to the
option. Figure 4.3 Screenshot showing whatsapp data decryption. NOTE: The password provided in
the screen is provided based on the secret key provided to the user in his/her mobile device. Without
this key whatsapp conversation cannot be decrypted. STEP 4: The screenshot below shows the
screenshot of the decryption of database in crypt 12 format using the same secret key generated by
the

Android Phones versus iPhones
There is a running joke in the geeky realm of our society that says there are two types of people in
the world, those who use iPhones and those who use Androids. Most of the time, people either love
or hate either gadget, there isn't much room to have mediocre feelings towards these devices. They
are both amazing handheld devices, which perform a multitude of tasks. They guide us, entertain us,
teach us, organize us, the list can go on and on. The Android and iPhone are two very comparative
devices that many of us use on a daily basis. Although they have very similar functions and features,
the two are quite different in how they operate, and what permissions they allow the user to have.
First, I would like to explain to you what an operating system is. I will be using the term, operating
system, throughout this essay and many people do not have a clear understanding of what it is.
Simply put, an operating system is the brain of any computer or electronic device. The operating
system is a bundle of information that directs all the operations that a computer does in order to
function properly. The operating system sends information to and from communication resources of
applications that you use or your device uses. When the geniuses of Silicon Valley were discovering
how to create a system that would allow for multiple applications to be used, they gave birth to the
operating system. This very basic system was called Linux. Linux is the most fundamental base of
an

The History of Gnu/Linux Essay
In the beginning of the age of the modern computer, programmers worked around the clock, creating
code for their employers for use in proprietary computer systems. These elite programmers enjoyed
challenging one another and frequently enjoyed stretching modern systems to their limits. These
programmers became know as "hackers" for their talents at dissecting and working
around difficult problems, often searching for the most elegant or most efficient solution possible.
Unlike the vision of hackers as portrayed by the 1990's media., these hackers refrained from any
illegal activities. The best hackers viewed such things as breaking into computer systems as
immature and childish. The media derives their definition of a hacker ... Show more content on
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GNU/Linux, as an operating system and massive community programming project, quickly became
the flagship for the open source revolution and the claim to fame for two exceptional hackers,
Richard Stallman and Linus Benedict Torvalds, the two most highly respected and well–known
hackers that have ever lived..
Before the birth of the GNU/Linux and the open source revolution, a tight community of hackers
dwelling within the programmer–friendly company, AI Labs.AI Labs, over time, had become one of
the most prestigious programmer havens and the most advanced artificial intelligence development
center in the world at that time. AI Labs recruited the best hackers from all over the world to come
and work for them. This elite hacker team formed a code–sharing community embodied the playful
yet quite competitive hacker spirit which Stallman, the founder of GNU refers to as a special kind of
"playful cleverness." (Code 16) However, due to an unfortunate turn of events,
Symbolics broke up the the AI Labs team by hiring away the entire team except the exceptional
Stallman and Greenblat. ("GNU") Although the hackers which previously made up a
tightly knit code–sharing community were able to keep in touch, the proprietary nature of their
software prevented them from sharing their source code outside of those select companies who were
licensed to possess copies of the

Open Source Productivity Tools That Run On Windows
Open Source Productivity Tools that run on Windows
Performers frequently describe a system of rules as being open source or free software. The term
open source adverts to thing that people can change and share because of the reason that, its design
is publicly approachable. This term developed in the context of software evolution to delegate a
particular approach to make computer programs. Nowadays, nevertheless, open source delegates a
wider set of values that we call as the open source way.
Open source tasks, products, or enterprises clench and observe rules of open exchange, cooperative
involvement, fast modeling, opacity, social organization, and community–oriented process.
Irrespective of whether a program is open–source or not is not the big deal to developers, it finally
concerns for users, too. In short, open–source software permits, give users' freedoms they would not
differently have.
Idea of Open Source
Suppose that, a program is open–source and its source code is freely accessible to its users. Then, its
users and anyone other can have the power to yield this source code, change it as per their
requirement, and dispense their own variants of the program. People also have the power to dispense
as many transcripts of the fresh program as they want. Anyone can utilize the program for any
intent; there are no license fees or different limitations of the software. Image 1 Caption: Open
Source Operating System Desktop
For example, Ubuntu Linux

Open Source Philosophy
The History and Philosophy of Open Source
The open source movement was born in 1984, at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab when Richard
M. Stallman quit his position at the university to begin the GNU Project. Having grown tired of
seeing his colleagues being hired off by corporations and signing nondisclosure agreements for their
work, he set off to create a completely free, open operating system. Though he specialized in the
field, building such a system from the ground up is nearly impossible for a single person; thus, he
began with a more attainable goal, creating a C compiler. Though he was successful in this, he never
managed to create a kernel (the core of an operating system), aside from GNU Hurd, of which we do
not speak. Fortunately for the movement, one would later emerge with a similar philosophy. Around
1991, the GNU Project had amassed a respectable number of software packages, including the
widely used GCC and Emacs, though it still lacked the core, a kernel. Then, more than six thousand
kilometers away, a twenty–one–year–old Finnish university student began developing a small, open
source system as a hobby. Once the open source community became interested in it, what started as
a small project capable of little more than displaying text quickly morphed into one of the most
widely–distributed pieces of software in history, containing more than twenty million lines of code,
contributed to by tens of thousands of developers across the globe, and with

Open Source Software : A New Level Of Interoperability...
4.5 Vibrant Developer Community
Markus noted that open source software tends to innovate faster than proprietary solutions; this is
largely because of its volunteer army of developers that provide tweaks, insights, and
troubleshooting. [5] Since developers are typically using the open source code for enterprise
projects, the development of targeted, company–centered programs is enhanced. In this way, open
source beats proprietary software with its limited list of out–of–box solutions. Weber highlighted the
fact that open source is empowering to coders and aids in technology development. [6]
4.6 Interoperability Open source offers a new level of interoperability across devices and networks.
Interoperability speeds innovation and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is impossible to provide complete coverage of all available open source projects, as new ones are
being added at a rapid pace. However, the survey did capture important information concerning the
types of open source currently being used. The research methodology employed a survey
questionnaire, video interviews, and secondary sources from websites, industry reports, and other
sources.
One finding of particular note was that some of the open source projects defied the OSI's
definition–––namely, they were not entirely free. Some projects offer a freemium model or free
open source code with the option of professional services for support and advanced tools.
5.1 Open Source Projects in Scope
Some projects may fall under more than one category.
5.1.1 Industry Consortiums
Industry consortiums provide a voice to enterprises, groups, and individuals within their respective
communities. They facilitate interactions with the public and provide platforms for information
transfer; becoming involved with a consortium offers a number of benefits, including up–to–date
information in an industry, on–going education opportunities, and the ability to network with others.
Table 1 shows the top 5 consortiums reported by respondents.
TABLE 1 Industry Consortiums
Consortium URL
AllSeen Alliance

Major Free Open Source Software
INTRODUCTION
Goal of this paper is to present an overview of major Free Open Source Software (FOSS) and
Proprietary Software (PS) available in Geographical Information System (GIS) domain for remote
sensing. Though movement of FOSS has impacted the information technology from all aspects, it
was not well adopted in GIS domain due to full integration of GIS resources and user–friendly
guidance shortage. This paper will provide a list of FOSS remote sensing packages with a basic
introduction [7].
Some major changes were experienced in the world of free and open source geospatial software
over last few years. Many software projects that focused on progress of open source GIS software
have started in last decade, for example there are 330 GIS related projects currently listed on this
website FreeGIS.org. Though there have been very little new projects since the last review, there is a
vast change in the market compared to that existed 5 years ago because of user change software and
developer communities [5][6]. Especially PostGIS project, OpenLayers project and Quantum GIS
project have interested a lot of developers and users, which eventually influenced software
functionality and support. OSGeo foundation is the new organization, which was established for
point of contact, besides the arrival of new projects and growth of existing established products [5].
Some significant signs that show rise in popularity of free GIS tools are i) First as mentioned above
earlier the number

The Pros and Cons of Open Source Essay
Open Source: Good and Bad
Introduction:
In the following paper I will be discussing the use of open source software as part of a larger project.
Example uses of this include incorporating existing publicly available source code within another
piece of software. Because the term open source has such broad implications, I will attempt to
explain it within the context of this paper. Open source code comes with many different licenses
such as GPL, BSD, and MIT. I will describe the most popular licensing options and how they differ.
Many companies believe open source software projects have an immense lack of accountability; this
is simply untrue. Lastly, open source software has recently received an abundance of attention in the
media because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Considering most of these are written by teams of lawyers and span multiple pages, this comes as no
surprise. While complicated at first, they really are not that bad. It is important to keep in mind that
their main intent is to protect the rights of the original author, not to impede your use of the author's
code.
Licensing Options:
The most popular license is known as the General Public License (GPL for short.) This license
places the software into the public domain with some restrictions. Additionally, all improvements or
derived code must also be placed under the GPL. If you are planning on releasing software based in
part on code obtained under the GPL, you must provide the source code for your version. You may
charge a fee for this, but people are still allowed to buy a copy and redistribute it for free. Note that
if you are building software for private use, you do not have to redistribute this private code. Using
the aforementioned example, if you were to use a piece of code from Gaim in your program, you
must release your whole project under the GPL if you wish to make your project publicly available.
Another very popular license is the MIT license. This is a very simple license that in essence states
that you can do whatever you want with this code. You may include MIT licensed code into a
commercial project as well.

Unit 3 Assignment 1. What Makes Linux Unique?
Linux is an operating system that is developed by multiple companies and developers. It is similar to
operating systems such as Windows and MAC. However there are differences between Linux and
other operating systems out in the market right now. Just like any operating system, Linux has its
pros and cons as well. The decision on which operating system I superior is completely up to the
user. Linux provides tools that can be used to create applications. Because Linux is modular,
meaning it is comprised of multiple parts, it is flexible making it easier to customize. Users can pick
and choose what they want that will complete certain tasks, unlike Windows. Windows' code is
solidly connected making it difficult to break apart into pieces. (What is Linux, n.d., para. 26). ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Multiple developers contribute towards the creation of the whole operating system. It has the
capabilities of being a desktop computer to being a wristwatch. Having the ability to be contributed
to by anyone makes the operating system different from other operating systems. It's an excellent
choice for businesses as well.
Three pros of this operating system is the excellent security, it's free, and updates are regularly
made. Unlike windows where you have to rely on one sole company to fix security issues, with
Linux you get almost daily security fixes which keeps the code secure and makes the system faster
as well. You can turn it into a large business as well because it's free and you can tailor it to your
needs, it gives you the freedom to do as you please. Several times in a year Linux offers regular
updates that provide security fixes which means that the operating system is regularly

Selecting Proprietary, Open Source, or Free Software for...
Selecting Proprietary, Open Source, or Free Software for Business Information Systems
At first glance, the question above would probably lead you to believe that proprietary software
should be the obvious choice when selecting between the different types simply because of the
reference to the words most important. You could also look at the definitions of the three and be
convinced that proprietary software seems to be more compelling than the rest. However, with the
recent developments with software in general, I would have to agree with those that argue that open
source should be the first choice for any kind of software, and that considering proprietary software
should only be an option if it has very specific and valuable features ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
[4]
If this is the case, then why would a company choose proprietary software when even its own
developers are starting to realize that they themselves may benefit more from buying into the open
source model? While researching the question posed, and trying to get a better understanding of all
the different types of software, I came across many arguments of open vs. proprietary. Many of the
arguments that I read, the writers all had good information to support their opinion of which type of
software they thought was best. One article that I found interesting was posted on a website
(http://www.geekzone.co.nz/foobar/5204), and it proposed that the debate of "Open source vs.
Proprietary" be turned around to "Proprietary software vs. Open ". The writer of this article posed
the question, "Why is proprietary the default and not open source?" After carefully researching the
different types of software, I found myself asking the same question. If you look closely at all of the
so called "compelling advantages" that people tend to think proprietary software has over open, you
would clearly see that they aren't all that compelling. One of the arguments raised has to do with
support. There is this belief that proprietary software offers better support......is this only because
many consumers feel that if they pay top dollar for a product they in turn

Essay On Free Management Software
5 Free Management Software that Every Entrepreneur Should Be Using
Running any sort of business is tough work. You need to manage many things and the margin for
error is small. It isn't any wonder that entrepreneurs have started relying on technology to help with
the process of running a business. However, technology doesn't always come cheap – knowing how
to find the right software without paying a penny is essential. If you're looking free management
software, then here are five products you need to start using right now.
Trello
Trello is a Kanban–based system based on the product management system developed by an ex–
leader of Toyota. It's one of the most intuitive and easy to use project management tools out there –
the simplicity ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
GanttProject
For more complexity and better reporting tools, you should consider using GanttProject. The free–
to–use time management tool makes it easy to plan project, see what different team members are
doing, and allocate resources accordingly. Indeed, all these different functions can be taken care of
with GanttProject – it's similar to Microsoft Project.
It is possible to create different time management projects and add sub–categories and functions to
your project. You can download the tool in a range of devices, allowing easier collaboration with
team members. One of the best features of the app is the ability to create baselines for your projects.
It makes comparison with different projects easier and can help enhance how your business
operates.
SlimTimer
Another time management tool for entrepreneurs is SlimTimer. The free software allows you to
create tasks and then begin timing your work on those specific tasks. It's possible to share the
projects with team members and therefore, see how much time people are spending on the projects.
The reports you create on the time spent on certain activities are great for improving performance.
You can quickly notice which tasks might require the most work or even pick up on the times you
are most productive during the day. It's an easy to use software and you don't even have to spend a

penny to use it.
Asana
Finally, you should

Nt1330 Unit 4.3 Assignment 1
4.4.3. Important Criteria Compatibility The compared authoring tools supports different browsers
such as Internet Explorer, Chrome, FireFox 4.0 for Windows, and Google Chrome or Apple Safari
for Mac, and all users with different network connections can use all their services. Moreover they
all support different operation systems; for example, both Lectora and Easygenerator support
Microsoft Windows XP, Vista, 7; Lectora support Microsoft Windows 8 as a plus. Captivate is
certified for Microsoft Windows 7, 8 and 8.1., and Mac OS too. They are all compatible with
mobiles and smartphones or in other words "mobile friendly". Maintainability & Security &
Management The data in all compared tools is securely stored and is backed up automatically.
Easygenerator back up your data every day, Captivate creates a backup file for your project when
you save it, and Lectora will automatically create a backup copy of the original AWT file. Users'
sensitive information like passwords is encrypted in all compared tools. Easygenerator guarantees a
secure access and prevents unauthorized persons from accessing your account and content. A
number of security improvements were made in Lectora, specifically as it relates to the resetting and
distribution of user passwords. Users are the ones demanding and pushing for the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the left of each page within the course the comments button is available to open the Comments
pop–up, where a reviewer can add, edit or delete comments per page as long as they are not yet
being processed by course. Lectora is working with the Facebook Comments widget, so instructors
can add the Facebook Comments button so Facebook users can send comments about the course to
their Facebook wall. Moreover, instructors can publish their courses to ReviewLink where you can
share and collect feedback from reviewers and other team

Using Proprietary Software The Market Pressures
Whether or not the mission is to start with conceived inside the thoughts of 1 man or woman, or
among a collection of builders, it starts off evolved off as an idea within a subject of interest. The
power and originality of this idea, collectively with any preliminary hints as to how it may evolve
into a software program artifact are key to the complete enterprise. Whereas with proprietary
software the market pressures are probable to make tasks based on mediocre ideas speedy stop to
exist, with OSS such projects may be allowed to languish for a long time frame. The target market
that the task will be centered towards have to additionally is clear from the beginning. End users,
software program providers integrating a issue, device administrators, or other developers are
feasible users. The task must discover legitimate and critical desires and provide effective answers
for them, in any other case it cannot entice real hobby. Later, even though secondary with respect to
other selections, the natural language of the assignment may play an important function in the
publicity it 's going to have and the consumer base it 'll attain. English of route is the language that
appeals to the largest audience. The selection of licensing scheme and the definition of an effective
and affordable enterprise version are both issues that need to be tackled from the beginning of the
venture. as an instance a license or enterprise model that doesn 't reflect the aims of the mission
network in

Customer Relations And Risk Management Essay
All three vendors mention similar business applications as well.
Cloudera: Customer relations (360 view), Business Procession Optimization, Data Hub,
Reporting/Metrics, Traditional Data Warehouse Replacement, Predictive Modeling, Telemetry, and
Time Series Analysis.
Hortonworks: Sentiment Graphing and Social Graphs (Marketing), Click Stream Analysis (Internet
Marketing), Network Security, IT Compliance (HIPAA, Sarbanes Oxley, etcetc.), Sensor Data
("Internet of Things"), Predictive Analytics and Proactive Maintenance, Location Data Analysis,
Text Analysis (Legal Discovery, Insurance Underwriting, and Application Risk Screening), and Data
Hub.
MapR: Security & Risk Management, Marketing Optimization, Operational Intelligence, Enterprise
Data Hub, and "Internet of Things" (RFIDs, sensors on appliances and equipment that a accessible
over the web).
All in all, all three vendors are promoting much the same business applications.
Real–Time–Low Latency
As far as real–time analytics, Cloudera uses their proprietary Impala software and Hortonworks uses
open source Apache Kafka to collect data with Apache Storm to capture the data event and process
them real–time for further analytics. MapR uses its proprietary software for "as it happens" real–
time analytics; therefore, in terms of real–time analytics, all vendors appear even.
All vendors claim low latency; however, MapR claims that their solution is consistently low latency
and notes that others can still have latency

Nt1310 Unit 2 Review Of Microsoft
MySQL is available for Microsoft Windows, for both 32–bit and 64–bit versions (MSQL, 2015). It
is possible to run MySQL as a standard application or as a Windows service. By using a service,
"you can monitor and control the operation of the server through the standard Windows service
management tools" (MySQL, 2015). Installing EasyPHP was not something I consider to be easy. I
just happen to have a flash drive, not knowing if the program would install correctly or not, I
proceeded to download the software onto my laptop. I came across many errors stating that the
program had stop working or that my laptop needed to be restarted to complete installation.
Constantly getting errors, I admit I became very frustrated and did not know how to get ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The installable distribution comes packaged as a Microsoft Windows Installer (MSI) package that
you can install physically or automatically during your method, Two setups are accessible, an
fundamentals package that encloses all the files you need to install and construct MySQL, but no
supplementary components, an a comprehensive package that contains MySQL, formation tools,
targets and other modules. The typical binary distribution (packaged as a Zip file) covers all of the
required files that you unload into your chosen place. This package holds all of the files in the
complete Windows MSI Installer package, but does not comprise an installation program. The
foundation distribution Studio compiler system. Virus–scanning software such as Norton/Symantec
Anti–Virus on directories having MySQL data and short–term tables can cause concerns, both in
relations of the presentation of MySQL and the virus–scanning software misidentifying the subjects
of the files as having spam. This is due to the fingerprinting instrument used by the virus–scanning
software, and the way in which MySQL promptly stays informed when it comes to different files,
which may be acknowledged as a possible safety threat. After connecting MySQL Server, it is
advised that you deactivate virus scanning on the highest directory (datadir) used to collect your
MySQL table information. There

Open Sources Software : Open Source Software Layer
This section is the second layer of OS–SDB that is about open source software layer. The Open
Source Initiative's definition of open source software is: "software that must be distributed under a
license that guarantees the right to read, redistribute, modify, and use the software freely" [20].
"OSS is developed, tested, or improved through public collaboration and distributed with the idea
that the must be shared with others, ensuring an open future collaboration"[21]. The definition of
open source software provides the essential requirements of software to be open source that are (1)
distribution (2) under license (3) public sharing (4) tested and improved the development. The SDB
system development is tested and improved as article [1] stated how they built SDB system
prototype and tested. The following illustrate the prototype components in details: the batteries
emulator model and the SDB hardware emulator (prototype) are integrated into the OS (for devices
instrumented with power meters) using 4,800 lines of code across modules written in C#, Python
and Matlab. The fine grained (100 Hz) power–draw is obtained from three devices, that are "(1) The
tablet is a "2–in–1" development device with Intel Core i5 CPU, 4GB DRAM, 128GB SSD, 12 inch
display. (2)The phone is a Qualcomm development device with Snapdragon 800 chipset, 1GB
DRAM, 4 inch display. (3)The watch is a Qualcomm Snapdragon 200 development board with
hardware similar to several smart–watches, fed into the

Questions On Open Source Software
Introduction
Open source software is used by a heaps of large businesses, take Facebook for example or even the
French tax system. It's an ever growing way for businesses to operate and we are seeing it become
more and more mainstream. Customers are progressively looking for it and therefore more and more
businesses and companies are providing it. Using open source in your business does present some
specific legal issues, generally they can be managed but IT managers should defiantly be aware of
them.
In this white paper I am going to delve deeper into what open source actually is, how some certain
companies use it and getting around the legal issues.
What is open source?
Open source also known as 'free source' is where software is 'open', and by this it means that the
source code must be 'open' for viewing. A lot of businesses that offer open source software
accomplish their revenue by one of two ways, the first being with the purpose that no one would
have to pay to use the software but in return they would have to pay for support. Then the other
being charging the customer again not for the software itself, but for related services. However, any
work that comes from the open source software must be 'licensed' at no charge.
OSI (Open Source Initiative) are a company dedicated to promoting open–source software. They
believe that for software to be open source it needs to meet the credentials of the following with the
intention of allowing enough flexibility to embrace a

Open Source Software: Chasing Microsoft Essay
Microsoft's operating system is encountering a heated battle from two fronts: open–source software
and Apple. Open–source programmers seek to share their code for an operating system freely over
the Internet which contrasts with Microsoft who seeks to keep its code proprietary. Apple is also
competing with Microsoft by trying to create a different kind of operating system, one that is
creative, unique and changes the way people use information. Both the open–source programmers
and the Apple programmers (Mac OS X), use a variation of UNIX for their operating systems.
Open–source software is available for anyone to use or modify free of charge. Most software
companies allow only their programmers to make changes to source code; but ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It was in 1991that Linus Torvald began creating an operating system kernel, called Linux. He was a
21 year old computer science student at the University of Helsinki Finland who had a dream of
converting the teaching version of UNIX called MINIX into a useful operating system. Linux
version 0.01 was released on September as an alternative to UNIX and Windows. Linux is a
participant in the Open Source Software movement and the source code can be downloaded, altered
and redistributed.
"Linux is the perfect operating system for hackers because they can freely download newer versions
of the Linux kernel or other Linux utilities of the Internet and instantly change its source code to fix
any software bugs found." (The Penguin's Guide to Linux, 2000)
As more people joined the Linux movement, more software programs were added to its databank.
Soon there were drivers, office programs, games and user–friendly GUI's. While Linux does not
command a huge market share, they fill a niche with users of netbooks and those who like to
experiment with new programs.
OS Platform Statistics
2012 Win7 WinXP Vista Win2003 Linux Mac Mobile
January 47.1% 31.4% 4.7% 0.7% 4.9% 9.0% 1.3%
(w3schools, 2012) Some Linux distributions are more popular than others based on the features they
offer. The most popular, although newest, Linux distribution is Ubuntu. It has a very easy–to–use
desktop that can

Open Source Software For Database Server
In this task, I will be looking at some open source software for a database server, Web server, file
server, SMTP server, and an LDAP server. I will go over a few in each category and then make my
recommendations based on the stability and security of the software as it relates to the need of the
First World Bank. First, I will be looking at some open source software for the database server. I am
going to be at the two that I consider be our organization's best options. Those two are MySQL and
PostgreSQL. MySQL is considered the most popular of all the open source database systems. It
offers a variety of database features and is considered fairly quick and pretty secure. It would be a
good choice for the company's database servers. However, unfortunately "MySQL does not [try to]
implement the full SQL standard, this tool is not completely SQL compliant. If you might need
integration with such RDBMSs, switching from MySQL will not be easy" (Tezer 2014). This makes
it not entirely ideal for current situation. When we take a look at PostgreSQL, we see that
"PostgreSQL is the advanced, open–source [object]–relational database management system which
has the main goal of being standards–compliant and extensible" (Tezer 2014). For the type of work
our company is looking to achieve, it is very important that our database system be both highly
secure and standards–compliant. The downside of PostgreSQL is it is considered slower than
MySQL and it is not as popular.

Example Of Fos Research Paper
Department of Computing and Library Information Science
College of Engineering and Computing
University of Southern Mindanao
Kabacan, Cotabato
SITTIE JAIRIEL JEAN MURRAY
IV – BSCS – A
Mrs . Catherine Daffon
October 19, 2017
INTRODUCTION
Free and open–source software also known as FOSS is a software developed by an informal
collaborative network of a programmer. The source code is licensed free of charge. It refers to
limited restriction on user as well as no cost at all. The rising popularity of FOSS has been gaining
on widely market because of its no restriction on user that can anyone see, inspect and modify and
enhance.
Source code (according to TechTarget) is the fundamentals component of a computer program that is
created by a programmer/developer. It is a section of a software that the computer user don't see. It
is a code that the programmer manipulate to create and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Propriety Software or widely known as Commercially Available Software from word itself
"Propriety" thus software is owned by a certain individual or company. It has many restriction to
before can able to use it features and can 100% access it and its code is kept secret.
The First Advantage of FOS is Cost. One of the biggest problem of user to propriety software is
paying worths of dollars for a licensing fee and monthly fees is excluded in licensing fee it is
additional payment . Since it is for sale by developers to make a living or to establish or to establish
their certain company. They charge to access their product, and some cases the amount of licensing
fee is expensive and many users can't afford it. While on the other handful is cheap and generally
available with no cost at all so can so that the user have can able to afford it without losing a

Application Of A Mobile Operating Systems
2. Review of Literature
Security has been improved recently but still there are flaws. Reasons are: a) most attacks are
nowadays publicly announced and describes in detail on internet, b) vendor's attempt to offer
backward compatibility which leaves open old weaknesses in the system.
Mobile Operating Systems
Mobile operating systems combination of personal computer and managing all hardware and
optimizes. Many mobile operating systems can be seen in the market but two famous mobile
systems now days are iPhone operating system (iOS) and Android.
a. iOS iOS derived from OS X that share by darwing foundation [1]. iOS mainly used for the iPhone
and iPad manufactured by Apple. There are 4 abstraction layers in iOS which are Core
Services Layer, Media Layer, Core OS Layer and Cocoa Touch Layer. Core OS layer lies on the
hardware and is the bottom layer. This layer function is to provide services including low level
network access to external accessories and common operating system such as handling file system
and memory management policy. Media layers contain audio, video and graphics geared towards
creating the best multimedia experience on mobile device. Technology layer is for the ease of
application builders that would look great. Cocoa Touch layer define the basic infrastructure and to
support multitasking, touch based input, push notification and many high level notifications. This is
the key framework for building iOS application.
Figure 2
Study of Security in Legendary

Linux Operating System on Business
Introduction about Linux
Linux is an operating system that was initially created as a hobby by a young student, Linus
Torvalds, at the University of Helsinki in Finland. Linus had an interest in Minix, a small UNIX
system, and decided to develop a system that exceeded the Minix standards. He began his work in
1991 when he released version 0.02 and worked steadily until 1994 when version 1.0 of the Linux
Kernel was released. Linux is developed and released under the GNU General Public License and its
source code is freely available to everyone. There are now literally hundreds of companies and
organizations and an equal number of individuals that have released their own versions of operating
systems based on the Linux kernel.
Apart from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
|
|Country Energy, NSW, Australia |A Linux user since 1995, Country Energy has been steadily
moving more |
| |and more systems over to Linux. |
|Deutsche Bahn |German railway system manager Deutsche Bahn began in late 2004 to |
| |migrate its servers to Linux. The migrated systems include a Lotus |
| |Notes server, a SAP system and their web servers. Other systems will |
| |follow. |
|Endress+Hauser |In the summer of 2004, the sensors and instruments manufacturer |
| |migrated its SAP system on to a mainframe running Linux. |
|Ernie Ball Inc. |The guitar string manufacturer abandoned Microsoft and migrated its |
| |entire IT infrastructure to Linux

Technology At The Finest
Technology At The Finest Our business will be called Technology At The Finest. This business will
provide electronical parts to leading companies, as well as companies that need help around the
world. Our purpose is to reach out to the companies that are kind of struggling to make it in the
twenty first century. We will not strictly be selling our products to leading companies. and
organizations because they already have everything planned out for their businesses. If they were to
decline juristically in the market right now. They would have a backup plan for what they have to
do. and get done to spike back up. However the companies that we are targeting do not have the
ability to do such a thing. This business will help companies like this with their products, product
placement, product databases, and slowly educate them on the things that they are going to need to
succeed in this world. We are doing this because every business have to start from the bottom in
order to build their ground. We will be using "MySQL" which is an open source database for our
business because it is not only rated at number one, but also is not too pricy.
Introduction
MySQL stands for My Structured Query Language. MySQL is the most popular open–source
database software now days. Chances are that you have ran across it once or twice in your
programming classes. There is a battle between open source software and other software
development programs out there. This does make you wonder if it's time

The Battle Between Commercial Software and Open-Source...
Will commercial software survive the battle with open Source software or are they already losing?
How (if at all) are the commercial software houses defending themselves?
Part 1: Basic Concepts:
Terms:
Free and open–source software (FOSS) is software that is both open source software and free
software. This means that it is freely licensed to use, examine, copy, alter the source code of the
software, and the source code it self is openly shared. However, for software to be considered FOSS
it must pass a certain criteria established by the Open Source Initiative (OSI). They determine that
FOSS must have a completely free redistribution with no form of royalty or other form of a fee for
the sale (resellers) and the source code must be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, it falls into the distinct categories of shareware (demo or trial software where you can
download it for free but some features are restricted or to continue to use the software a payment is
required) and payware (traditional pay–to–use software) but not freeware (since its free). In all cases
however, the source code is hidden from the users, so that the rights holders (the software
publishers) can sell the binary executable (source code).
History:
Commercial software has been around since 1948 (when the first computer which could hold
software was created, nicknamed baby). The history of FOSS has a strong connection with the
'hackers' in Massachusetts Institute of Technology. These hackers in 1970s created something
ARPANET (known today as the internet). There were discussions to sell it commercially however
the university and its hackers were strongly opposed to such an idea for they had worked with the
ideology that sharing information is a virtue and they had a moral duty to provide knowledge to the
world. These early hackers stayed true to this ideology and made their software completely free with
the source code completely accessible. Richard Stallman was one of the main people who pushed
forward this ideology preventing the university to monetize the ARPANET and the software they
created.
Late in 1997 in MIT the term Open Source software was coined. The developers also founded OSI
who determined what is

Linus Case Synthesis Essay

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