3. SPSS is
Asoftware package (program) used for statistical analysis.
Long produced by SPSS Inc., (Incorporation )it was acquired by IBM in 2009
($ 1.2 billion in cash). The
SPSS Statistics.
current versions are officially named IBM
widely used for statistical analysis in social science, market researchers, health
researchers,
data miners
survey companies, government, education researchers, marketing,
4. Why SPSS???
Popular and has been used extensively in medical and biological
researches.
More user-friendly (data analysis presentation) than other
statistical software (e.g., S-Plus, R, SAS) (Drop down menus not
commands!).
Contain all statistical procedures which the researcher is in need
5. 5
SPSS Windows has 3 windows:
Data Editor
Syntax Editor, which displays syntax files
Output: Viewer or Draft Viewer which displays the output files
The Data Editor has two parts:
Data View window, which displays data from the active file in spreadsheet format
Variable View window, which displays metadata or information about the data in the active file, such as
variable names and labels, value labels, formats, and missing value indicators.
7. Data editor has two “views”
Data View Shows actual data values
Variable View
variables.
Shows variable information for all
Two tabs at on the bottom of the left hand side switching between
them.
13. Variable View
create variable names and define the attributes of each variable.
Name name for each variable.
only of letters, and the underbar (_)
No pure numbers - space - dot .
Type
Width
Decimals
Label
specify type the variable. string
space the entries in the Data
or numeric type.
View will be for this variable.
decimal places will be shown for this variable in the Data View.
give a variable a label or title. makes all output much more readable.
14. Values specify numerical values for each category of categorical variable.
For example for the variable SEX 1 for Male, 2 for Females .
Missing specify values for a variable indicate missing data.
Columns spaces will be allocated for the variable in the Data View. different
from width in that width limits the number of spaces for the actual number.
Columns limits how many spaces will be visible in the Data View.
Align either left aligns, centers, or right aligns the entries for the variable.
15. Measure
Ascale variable
type of variable.
is a quantitative variable.
categorical variable where the categories have aAn ordinal variable
natural order such as
Anominal variable
poor, fair, good, better, best.
categorical variable no natural order to the categories,
such as male, female.
20. 7.4.4 Example
Consider the comparison of the mean body weights at the time of mating in one
group of ewes which have been flushed (put on a high plane of nutrition for 2–3
weeks prior to mating) and another group which have not. Each ewe in a random
sample of 54 ewes is randomly allocated to the flushed or control group. Table
7.2 shows the weights of two samples of 24 flushed and 30 control ewes.
30. 30
Importing data from Excel spreadsheet into SPSS.
In SPSS, go to:
File, Open, Data
Select Type of file (for example, Excel) you want to open
Select File name you want to open
31. DATA CLEANING
• Check for data entry and coding errors
• Wild code checking ( codes beyond the specified codes)
• Consistency checking
38. 38
Data merging in SPSS (1)
1. Make sure that both files are sorted by Key variable in ascending order
39. 39
Data merging in SPSS (2)
4. Select the dataset you want to merge into the working file.
40. 40
Data merging in SPSS (3)
5. Click on Match cases on key variables in sorted files,
6. Click on Both files provide cases
7. Highlight ID in the excluded variables box, then click ► near key Variables