Colonies created during the King Charles II era (1660-1685): Carolina, New York, New Jersey, & Pennsylvanai

1. Carolina, New York,
New Jersey, Pennsylvania

2. “Rights of Englishmen,” Magna Carta (1215)
Idea that king was subject to rule of law
All persons should enjoy security & prosperity
Reign of King Charles I (1625-1649)
Dissolved Parliament from 1629-1640, ruled as an
absolute monarch
Taxes w/o consent, edging towards Catholicism, arresting
political foes
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Charles caught & beheaded
Roundhead (supporter of Parliament) Oliver Cromwell put
in power (1651-1658)
Cromwell dies & eventually Charles II becomes king (1660)
Known as Stuart Restoration

3. Between 1640 & 1660—New ideas of freedom
John Milton--Freedom of speech & press
Increased religious toleration
Proposals for a written constitution
Even proposals of communal land ownership
All Englishmen were ruled by a king, but “he rules
over free men”
The British empire was the world’s guardian of liberty

4. Reign King Charles II
(1660-1685)
Son of King Charles I
4 colonies created
during his reign
1. Carolina
2. New York
3. New Jersey
4. Pennsylvania

5. Granted to 8
proprietors in 1663
Headright system
Religious freedom to
all Christians
Representative
assembly
Charles Town est. in
1680

6. North=
backwoods farmers
Subsistence
Few slaves
Isolated, little trade
South=
Fertile farmland
Aristocracy
Slaves
Trade was vital
Strong ties to Barbados
Split into North Carolina and South Carolina in 1729

7. Charles II grants land to
brother, Duke of York
(1664)
Land between CT & DE
Rivers
Already controlled by
Dutch
English force Dutch to
surrender (1664)
Colony of great diversity
30K people by 1685
Populated Hudson R.
Valley
NYC
NY’s border once
extended into Delaware
River Valley, but Duke
sold it to 2 friends
Sir John Berkeley & Sir
George Cateret
Became royal colony in
1702
Place of diversity
Mostly small farmers
**Existed as East & West
Jersey 1674-1702**
NY NJ

8.  New Amsterdam, 1682, by Nicholas Visscher (Gilder Lehrman Collection)

9. Quakers of England sought religious freedom &
sought an American colony all to themselves
King Charles II was in debt to William Penn
Paid him in land, between NY & MD
Named Pennsylvania, “Penn’s Woods”
Est. 1681
Philly est. in 1682=“Brotherly Love”
Colony prospered
Mild climate & fertile soil
Well-planned
Immigrants from all over Europe
Delaware was carved out of southern PA in 1703

11. “Breadbasket
Colonies”
Wheat, barley, rye,
oats, & corn
Extra sold to other
colonies & Europe
Agricultural
prosperity
Varied economy

12. How did the Stuart Restoration affect those colonies
already est. in America? How did it affect attitudes
about founding more settlements?
What sort of social order took root in Carolina?
What beliefs & practices characterized the Quakers, &
how did their influence make PA a unique colony?