Renaissance Dirty Art Essay Last Supper Restoration

Essay on The Dirty Renaissance
The Dirty Renaissance
The Renaissance period is one in the art world that is held just short of the second coming. This
"reawakening" is characterized by a renewed interest in human–centered classical art, literature, and
learning. Many famous artists and thus pieces of artwork came out of this period, which are still
studied by students of art and by professional artists. Famous pieces suck as the Mona Lisa, the Last
Supper and the Sistine Chapel were created in this period of art. It is easy to study these pieces of
artwork by simply reading about them in textbooks, or looking at pictures of them on the internet.
However, what has happened to the actual original pieces of artwork that the artists created? It
would seem that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Soon after the creation of the piece, it was considered ruined and so damaged that the figures in the
piece could not actually be recognized anymore. The first attempt to restore The Last Supper came
in 1726 by Michelangelo Bellotti. Bellotti filled in missing sections of the piece with oil paint and
varnished the entire piece. This attempt, not being successful, was followed by many more attempts.
In 1821 Stefano Barezzi, an expert in removing whole frescoes from their walls intact, was called in
to remove the painting to a safer location. Barezzi did not know that the painting was not actually a
fresco and badly damaged the center section of the piece. He attempted to reattach the damaged
sections with glue, but was not successful. After this event, a lot of examining and studying was
done on the paintings' structure so that in future attempts the painting would not be damaged. Many
more artists attempted to clean the piece, although they were not successful. During World War II
the piece was further damaged as a bomb struck the refectory and the piece was damaged by the
vibrations.
The final restoration attempt came in the year 1978 by Pinin Brambilla Barcilon. He embarked on a
major restoration project in which he tried to alleviate Da Vinci's painting, and reverse the damage
caused by dirt, pollution, and the ill–advised 18th restoration attempts that preceded his project. It
was not practical to actually move the painting to a more controlled
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Analysis Of The Article ' Power, Privilege, And Landscape...
The article, "Power, Privilege, and Landscape in Minoan Art" by Anne P. Chapin, seeks to examine
the previous interpretations of Minoan landscape frescoes, and add her own arguments towards the
debate of religious versus secular. She presents the conclusion that while Minoan landscape art did
have religious elements, the frescos presence was not an indication of a religious shrine.However,
she also introduces the idea that they helped to assert the dominance of an elite class, who sought to
demonstrate that they were influenced and connected with the divine. Chapin begins her article with
an examination of the problems of previous interpretations of the landscape frescoes that have
become so iconic and symbolic of Minoan art. The true meaning behind them has been contested
since their discovery by Arthur Evan's. Arthur Evans viewed them in a more secular sense. Which,
as the author pointed out on page 48, is most likely a result of being raised as an elite Victorian. He
was more inclined to view the great artworks as proof of the "cultural superiority (pg 48)" of the
Minoans, rather than demonstrations of a pagan religion he had no part in.
However, Chapin does not find flaws just in Evans analysis, but as well with the more modern
interpretations, which place more importance on potential religious meanings. But as Chapin points
out on page 51, paraphrasing from Christos Doumas, what constitutes a religious shrine in Aegean
prehistory is unknown. So to claim a

Late Medieval Italy ( 13th And 13th Centuries )
Late Medieval Italy (13th and 14th centuries) ( Syed Meesam Rasool) Chapter 14
We begin our narrative into the Late Medieval period. Europe was prospering with good crop
harvest, expanding population and a degree of economic stability in the Eurasian trade routes,
brought about by the Mongol rule in the east. Focus of this paper is mainly in Italy, at this time in
Italy, there were no centralized monarchy, and rather we have land primarily divided into city states
having their own ruling parties. The kingdom of Naples and Sicily in the south, the papacy ruling
the center of the peninsula and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He wasn't the very first artist to come upon these ideals but he has given this mantle by Giorgio
Vasari in his book written in 1550 titled " The Lives of the artists". Vasari was contemporary to
many famous Renaissance artists that we know about including Michelangelo.
Giotto's Early work is seen in the freshness of the upper church of San Francisco in Assisi. It is
possible that he worked on the upper church with his teacher Cimabue. Giotto took the expertise of
his teacher and refined it into more naturalistic degree. This can be seen in Cimabue's Madonna
Enthroned with Angels and Prophets and Giotto's Madonna Enthroned. Giotto's version had figures
more rendered and there is a refining of the features, the drapery and the painting as a whole, you
can see the light source coming from the single direction and illuminating the figures on each side.
This helps create sense of space and believability. This same painting was also painted by another
artist in Siena named Duccio.
The more mature work of Giotto which made him the leader in the development of the western
paining is the fresno's in the Arena Chapple. These painting were executed as Fresco, a method
whereby moist plaster was applied only to an area of the painting that could be painted within that
same day. It is possible that Giotto could have employed members of his workshop to help paint the
less significant figures and details of the painting. This

My Presentation Was On Art
My presentation was on Art. I felt it was important because it is a big part of the world and without
art our world would be so dual. Art starts way back used by cave mans it has a history to it. Without
history there is no present day. Between the history and advantages and such I could go on and on
about how useful it is. The invention in art such as the lead tube. It allowed for paint to stay fresh
and not dry out. It was able to be portable which lead to many more artists painting outside. Artists
would not have to make their paint each time and their pigments would remain the same.
There are different styles such as Romantic style it is described to be around in the 1800's. It gained
popularity in France & Britain in the early ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also known as Op art, is considered "Pictures that attack the eye." It is a type of abstract art that
relies on optical illusions to try and fool the eye of the viewer. The viewer must focus because the
illusion may suggest one image, but upon closer inspection reveal something completely different.
Another thing I talked about in my presentation is the discovery of perspective. Said to be
discovered by architect Filippo Brunelleschi. He stated that objects shrink in size according to their
position and distance from the eye. He was able to mathematically calculate the scale of objects
within a painting in order to make them appear realistic. Many painters at that time then adopted that
formula into their paintings.
What is tempera painting? Tempera is also called egg tempera, it is a method of painting. The word
"tempera" comes from Latin word temperature, meaning to mix in proportion. It uses water, egg
yolks or whole eggs. Fresco painting is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid, or
wet lime plaster. Water is used as the pigment to merge with the plaster and setting of the plaster.
The word fresco is Italian, it means "fresh". The fresco technique has been employed since antiquity
and is closely associated with Italian Renaissance painting. Popular use from Michelangelo and
Raphael. Another type of painting is watercolor I think it is really pretty. Watercolor techniques are

The Renaissance Italian City Of Italy
Raphael was born in the Renaissance Italian city–state of Urbino in central Italy. Urbino was said to
be one of the cultural centers of Italy, a place where artists went to be successful. His father,
Giovanni, was a painter and poet for the local Duke. As at a young age, Raphael started leaning
basics of painting from his father. His father died when he was 11 years old. Even after the death of
his father, Raphael never gave up on art. Working out of his father's workshop, he improved his
artistic skills. He was said to be the most talented artist in his town as of that time. When he turned
17 he moved to Perugia a city in Italy. While in Perugia he worked with Pietro Perugino an artist
that had a huge reputation in the art industry at that time. While maintaining and developing his
unique style, he also leant form Perugino. In 1504 Raphael moved to Florence where we has
considered a master painter. It was said that even as a master artist, it never stopped him from
studying other great artist such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. He incorporated the
influence of this grates artists in his work which made him one of the greatest icon of his time
(getty.edu).
While he worked on lots of great paintings in his career I'm going to focuses on a specific one, The
School of Athens and other Frescos on the wall of Stanza Della Segnatura. I chose to come back and
work on this specific painting because of its unique nature. Raphael being able to put together great
minds in one

Michelangelo and The Sistine Chapel Frescos Essay
On the 10th of May 1508 I signed a contract to agree to fulfill Pope Julius'commission on painting
the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. I had bad feelings about thewhole thing from the day Julius
commissioned me to paint instead of sculpt. I am anarchitect and sculptor not a fresco painter. It is
not that I doubt my ability's to completesuch a task, but I believe that there are other artists that
would be much better suited for the job than I. It is of course an honor to be chosen to paint such a
ceiling and Julius isfar to stubborn to find anyone else but myself, so I will paint and I will make it
one of thegreatest fresco paintings there will ever be.(Brandes, 254).
The scaffolding that was to be used for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Brandes, 260).
I sent my assistants back to Florence because I knew that this was my vision andmy responsibility to
paint this ceiling. I started today with The Drunkenness of Noah, itis so uncomfortable to paint in
this position that I must be in to paint such a ceiling. Itsometimes makes me wonder why I am here.
I will paint this ceiling, not for the popeand not for the Romans but for myself, to fell proud of my
own work.
To show the reality in this painting of Noah I will place him collapsed on theground next to a jug of
wine. His sons will be around him giving him support andcomfort as he struggles to understand
what God's plan is for him and his family. Noah issuch a peaceful man with a lot on his mind and
this is how I will paint him. (Camesasca,
91).
I am now working on The Flood. This painting brings out a lot of emotion in me,there is a sense of
fear and terror among the crowd of people who are about to be wipedaway from the earth. I want the
wind to be a great force in this fresco to give the effectof a great storm. The trees are about to be
uprooted and the people will run for shelterand higher ground. This painting of the great

Sistine Chapel Essay By Michelangelo
The Sistine Chapel is one of the most beautiful artworks known to man, but who knew that so many
secrets could be hidden in the artwork that covers the ceilings and walls of the sacred church. The
Sistine Chapel was falling apart and after getting it fixed church needed someone to decorate the
inside with the most intelligent strokes of a paint brush. After searching Pope Julius ll chose the
famous artist Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Michelangelo may or may not
have wanted to paint the Sistine Chapel for the Pope. Symbols are everywhere in art; Michelangelo
was able to put large and even some insulting symbols on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
Michelangelo Di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni was the full name of the famous artist we all call by
just his first name Michelangelo. Michelangelo was born on March 6th, 1475 in Caprese, Italy and
lived with his parents and four siblings. Michelangelo's mother became sick when he was an infant
and he was raised by a wet nurse. In Michelangelo's teen years he would leave school early and go
to the church to watch the painted while they worked; his family started to see him as a disgrace as
they didn't see art as a profession he should join(Michelangelo). As he became older he worked
more and more with stone over any other type of art and made ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel using a fresco technique(Tate). Fresco painting is done by
brushing water based paint directly onto freshly laid plaster so that the paint becomes one with the
plaster. With the paint and plaster becoming one the imaged painted with last longer and is easier to
keep intact unless treated right from the start. Two coats of plaster are applied to the surface and
allowed to dry, then you put a fresh coat of plaster before you start to paint with a water based

The Most Famous Work Of Art
The 13th and 14th centuries in Italy are as known as the early Renaissance. Several artists remain
well recognized from this period in art history. Duccio di Buoninsegna was an Italian painter, active
in the city of Siena. His most famous work of art is the Maesta Altarpiece located in the Cathedral of
Siena. At that time, Siena was very competitive with Florence. The greatest Florentine painter was
Giotto di Bondone. He was a couple years younger than Duccio. Giotto's crowning achievement is a
series of fresco murals painted in the Arena Chapel. Duccio and Giotto were two astonishing artists.
Duccio's Maesta and Giotto's fresco painting in the Arena Chapel both tell us a narrative story of the
life of The Virgin Mary and Christ. Both ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His stillness is in contrast to the crowd, it allows scenes flow around him. Judas reaches and kisses
Christ from the left, there appear to be regret in Judas face. There is not apparent though his
aggressive posture. Christ's right hand is pointing forward. This may express Christ's future
forgiveness of Judas. Duccio's depiction leaves more space for imagination for the viewer. In
Giotto's painting, Christ is in profile. This allows for eye contact between Christ and Judas. Christ is
a little taller than Judas, and he gaze silently upon Judas's face. From the gaze of the Christ, we can
feel a sense of forgiveness and sorrow. Moreover, we can feel Juda feels sorry for what he has done.
Their expressions make the painting more emotional, they emphasize the nobility of the Christ and
let viewer have a better connection to this emotional content.
Both Duccio and Giotto captured the act of Saint Peter slicing an ear off of a roman solider. Duccio
is telling the story of the arrest of Christ though a passing of time. In Duccio's painting, we can
clearly see the anger on Peter's face, he is next to Judas on his left. The viewer will draw their
attention to Peter after viewing the moment of the kiss of Judas. Duccio made it a separate moment
from the main scene. In Giotto's painting, Peter is in the crowd he raises up his right arm, which is
holding a knife and reaches behind the

Buon Fresco Research Paper
Fresco painting is one of the oldest art techniques that was used in the world. The word fresco came
from the Greek word: fresko meaning "fresh". Moreover, this fresco painting is a technique where in
the artist uses fresh plaster as medium to paint ; This painting technique has three types , these are :
Mezzo–fresco , fresco secco and Buon fresco. The main technique that I'll be focusing on is the
Buon Fresco.
Buon Fresco or sometimes referred as true fresco is the most common method of fresco painting
technique in which the artist uses a wet plaster and paints on it while it's freshly laid on the wall.
Moreover , this painting technique is known for its vibrant and vivid colors that is long–lasting.
Buon Fresco consists of the following

The Works Of The Renaissance Period
The artist I chose to write my descriptive criticism about is Michelangelo Buonarroti. I chose him
because his style as an artist intrigues me and I wanted to get myself involved with more of his
work. Michelangelo was born in Caprese, Italy in 1475 and died in Rome, Italy 1564 but buried in
Florence . He is a well known sculptor ' painter, architect, and poet whom never married. The artist
had many great works but there will be three in particular that has caught my eye that will be the
focus of this paper. All of the pieces that I will be discussing are a part of the Renaissance period .
The first piece that I will focus on is called Pieta ' (1499) in St.Peter 's Basilica. This is a sculpture of
what seems to be the virgin Mary and Jesus after he was crucified. This sculpture is a piece that was
unique to me. As I looked at this piece it seemed in away almost life like but the way he sculpted
Mary was bueatifully done. You can see the expression on her face and even the look of her
garments that she wore were very detailed. I noticed the way this painting has a triangular approach.
If u look from the top of her head where her veil starts to flow all the way to the floor or the feet of
her son Jesus that is in the shape of the triangle. The picture shows so much emotion. It shows Jesus
lifeless in his mothers arms. You can see fine details even little nail marks in his side. Exactly what
does this sculpture portray I do not know but I do know that just from

Distinctive View About Giotto And Piero 's Paintings
Distinctive View about Giotto and Piero's Paintings There were many famous painters in the Pro–
Renaissance period and Early Renaissance. Representatives were Giotto di Bondone and Piero della
Francesca. Gitto and Piero paintings were a mirror to reflect Italy world in the period of Pro–
Renaissance period and Early Renaissance. In addition, there were many similarities and differences
between Giotto and Piero painting style, such as naturalism and humanism; religious piety with
good business and religious piety with human development for needs. Obviously, Giotto and Piero
were painting giant.
Giotto di Bondone was regarded as the first painter in the period of Proto–Renaissance and some
scholars described that Giotto was the father of Western pictorial art. Giotto was from Florence,
which was a famous city especially on the aspect of artistic centers and town of trade and textile. In
fact, Giotto's patting style is naturalism; it is more focus on the realistic stuff, so everything painting
is based on real life. Dante and Cimabue might affect Giotto painting style; therefore, Giotto 's
painting was more focus on the nature and reality.
Giotto created many famous paintings; one of the frescos was Lamentation. Lamentation was a
fresco painting created by Giotto Di Bondone in 1305 at Florence. Lamentation tells us a story of
Mary and followers are all lament for the Crist death. This fresco's background color is blue, which
applies a phenomenon of sad. In this fresco, we can

Giotto Vs Byzantine Art Essay
In this essay, I'm going to compare two artworks from different periods, talking about their
functions, characteristics and contexts in details. One is the Lamentation over the dead Christ of
Byzantine Art painted in 1164 by an unknown artist temporarily called Master of Nerezi, and the
other is the Lamentation that Giotto di Bondone did in 1305 during the Late Gothic. The purpose is
to show the genius of Giotto, who is a key figure in Western art, because he paved the way for the
birth of Renaissance. Simply put, the Lamentation of Giotto is a much–improved version of the
Byzantine Lamentation.
There are a few obvious similarities between the two. First is the medium; both are frescos aka
mural paintings. Secondly, they are in a church. The Byzantine is located in Saint Pantaleimon
chapel built by the royalty, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both served as a devotional and decoration piece. The last identical thing is the subject matter; they
narrate the Lamentation from the passion of Christ in which a group of Christ's followers mourns for
him after the Crucifixion. The scene depicts an anguished Mary embracing her son, and Christians
with some flying angels are crying over his death.
In terms of style and context, there is a large amount of differences between the two, although small
similarities are also spotted. The Byzantine work is more abstract than the other. Their clothing is
patterned; the figures are stylized. Although they are not as frontal as other Byzantine works, their
heads still turn slightly towards the viewers. This is probably because the artist was used to the
staring figures, a Byzantine trademark. The Gothic fresco, on the other hand, shows naturalistic
renderings of objects. The figures in particular are more volumetric and sculptural. The clothing
hanging naturally suggests the bodies underneath, albeit an inaccurate proportion. In 476, the fall of
Rome divided the Roman Empire into eastern and western halves, creating two different societies.

Flotilla Fresco Analysis
During the bronze age the Flotilla Fresco was painted in a house in Thera Akrotiri. The house is
located toward the west. The fresco is in room 5 of that house specifically. The Flotilla Fresco was a
long mural that stretched across 3 walls. It was about 39 feet long. However, it was not a very tall
mural. It only stood to be 17 inches high. Fresco is another meaning for "fresh". This is because it is
painted into still wet plaster. The paint is made from pigmented dust and water. Then once applied to
the wall more water is added to push this mixture around. Using this method integrates the mural
into the wall. It is estimated that the fresco was painted in about 1650 BC. A little bit before a
volcano erupted and put parts of Thera in ashes. The fresco consists of a total of seven boats
traveling between two land masses or islands. To the left there are lions chasing deer. The buildings
on that side of the fresco are supposed to be Thera Akrotiri. In the water there are dolphins that
swim along side the seven boats. The land to the right of the fresco seems to be some sort of festival
or market. The artist made great use of the elements, lines, colors, texture, and patterns. As well as
other none strategic elements to make the eyes move around the fresco. A few elements that have
been confirmed to be used in this fresco are kaolinite, calcite, and laic. These powered pigments that
the artist mixed with water made very natural looking tones. These tones where used widely

Leonardo Da Vinci Last Supper
Leonardo da Vinci was one of the artists of the High Renaissance period that had the most full–
rounded contributions to the period. He was both artist and scientist at the same time.
His artistic, and scientific insights gave him a full understanding of his subject and designs that he
was able to create. One of the paintings that have been most talked about is The Last Supper. The
date for this painting is 1492/94 –1498, and can be found on page 87 in the book by Marilyn
Stokstad: Art History. It was done as a wall painting for the refectory of the Santa Maria delle
Grazie in Milan (Metmuseum.org). Da Vinci did not apply the techniques of other frescoes and,
thus, the painting started flaking not long after he completed it. The painting as it is in its context
today, is quite faded and cannot really be seen in its true sense. Much of discussions on it is done
through much older photographs of the painting, but also enhanced photographs. It has been restored
many times, but not much can be done because of the method da Vinci used.
What it meant was that he painted on a dry wall and not a wet plaster finish as with the true fresco
paintings. He did this because the painting was to be competed quickly, and therefore needed to dry
quickly. The dates of the start and completion of the painting point to the fact that the painting took
three years to complete. Had he used the fresco method, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It covers perspective, volume, drawing, and painting. There is a clear vanishing point, and is a good
example for any painter to follow. The most amazing part of this painting is exactly the vanishing
point. It is painted on the one wall of the dining hall, and seems to extend the space of the hall into
the painting. It extends into the back as part of the entire room. This could only have happened
because of the fact that da Vinci employed his architectural

The Old Stone Age
Throughout history, we have been able to learn about a people's culture, their religion, and their way
of life through the art they leave behind. Starting out in the Old Stone age, cave paintings at
Lascaux, France gave us an insight into the life of a person in that era (pg. 20–21). Moving on in
history we see that several cultures chose to depict important parts of their lives with mural
paintings. During the period of Late Antiquity, we can see mural paintings in the Dura Europa
synagogue of the third century. In the eighth century Mesoamerica, we glimpse a colorful mural
from Mexico. In Japanese culture, we observe the Amida Buddha Triad mural from the eighth
century as well. Lastly, and most recent in the fourteenth century, we look at the fresco painting of
Giotto in late medieval Italy.
Starting our journey of mural painting observation, we begin in the period of late antiquity when
religious works were more prevalent. Monotheism was on the rise and became more acceptable than
polytheism and we see a growth of biblical scenes (pg. 233). The Synagogue of Dura Europa, today
considered present day Syria, is an exceptional building depicting various stories from the Torah; the
first five books of Jewish scriptures, making the Jewish bible and old testament. The synagogue
itself was a home converted into a house of worship. The main room was covered in mural paintings
and the only vacant space held a special alcove for the Torah (pg. 235). Surprising about the mural

Research Paper On Mad About Me By Francisco Goya
"Mad About Me"
The search of truth was a prominent topic and a subject of vast interest that spread through
eighteenth–century Europe in general and Spain in a very specific way. During this Siglo de las
luces (century of lights) not all of the Spanish social and institutional structures welcomed this new
attitude towards knowledge and enlightenment, especially the Inquisition who had, with the Church,
a very influential power over the pueblo; however, Ilustrados wanted to call the nobility back to a
sense of social responsibility setting an exemplary class for others.
As a man from the pueblo living in a circle of enlightened, Francisco Goya was in the best position
to portrait the duality of the Siglo de las luces (century of lights) within ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Or so they said. What eventually happened was that this adoption of a foreign sub–culture from the
nobility ended up denaturing the majismo from its fundamental morals, stopping at the outer
physical appearance of the sub–culture and were left with a frivolous, afrancesada version of
majismo.
Back in 1776, Goya painted majas and majos in daily life situations ranging from hard work to
leisure activities. These paintings were known as cartoons, and were meant to be templates for
tapestry. The subject of majas and majos in their everyday life used to amuse the Royal family who
were fond of contemporary tapestry, they used to talk about these scenes during their meetings with
guests. There was still a distance between majas, majos and the enlightened elite
But when the conservative movement has become more common and more powerful in Spain, a
more theatrical version of the majismos emerged within the aristocracy. A version where the
majismo is stripped away from its essence to become a performance of debauchery. The Duchess of
Alba is said to compete with Queen Maria Luisa over her cortego of majos who accompanied her.
Also the famous paintings of the Maja Desnuda and the Maja Vestida are commissions for the
Marquis of Godoy, a minister with a libertine spirit who saw majas beyond their

Art : Giotto Di Bondone And The Italian Renaissance
Giotto di Bondone
The Italian Renaissance was a significant era for art, because of the many famous artists of
extraordinary skill who changed the craft forever. One of the notable figures that emerged from this
great timeframe was Giotto di Bondone. Giotto was born around 1266 in Vespignano, Italy. Very
little is known about his life as a child. As a thirteen year old boy, he was said to be a prodigy, so he
was able to become the apprentice of Florentine Cimabue, a master of art. While di Bondone was
traveling, word of his talents spread like wildfire, and he became so well known that his gift was
said to be better than that of his masters.. His earliest works were a series of frescoes on the Saint
Francis Church of Assisi in the mid 1290's. As Di Bondone continued to paint the walls of
prominent churches and chapels, his talents becoming more and more well known. Three years
before his death, the people appointed him the Magnus Magister (The Great Master), the head
Florentine architect and the Chief of Public Works. Giotto was believed to be one of the key
influences on the Renaissance and Gothic art, because of his trailblazing technique, palette, and
style.
In the late 1200's and early 1300's, the style of Christian art was comprised of primarily warm colors
and smooth, synthetic forms. Giotto's work was fresh to people's eyes, because he showed both a
full range of colors and realistic looking figures. In the web article, Giotto di Bondone, the writer
states, "He gave authentic color to his subjects' clothing, hair and faces, eschewing the accepted
standard of dull, nondescript details and all emphasis on the work's sanctity"(www.artible.com). He
used a lot of bold greens, along with blues and brighter reds that stood out in a world of paintings
filled with "holy" colors, such as oranges and golds. He would often spend hours studying people on
the street, taking in the organic movements of the body and habits of emotion. In the book Italian
Painting: Creators of the Renaissance, the author talks about Giotto's piece, "Adoration of the
Magi", saying, "In a general way Giotto's characters live so intensely that their acts and gestures are
arrested, as it were, in mid–course, so as to enable us to glimpse

The Controversial Restoration of the Sistine Chapel
The restoration of the Sistine Chapel in the 1980's and 90's was very controversial. This issue began
because Michelangelo, the painter of the Sistine Chapels ceiling, did the painting as a fresco. This
means that the paint was absorbed in the wall, thus becoming part of the wall itself. Like many other
walls and building, over time they began to crack and deteriorate. During the time of the
consideration of the restoration of the chapel, the fresco had been up for over 500 years. As one
would expect, there had been many cracks in the ceiling and the coloring of the ceiling was
becoming dull. The ceiling was also dusty and covered in grime from candle smoke and burning
coal. Before the newest and most major renovation of the chapel, there had been other previous
smaller ones. In some of these restorations, a type of glue was used to temporarily brighten the dark
colors. Unfortunately, the glue helped to attract more dust and grime, which took away from the
efforts of restoring it. In one attempt to restore the ceiling, wine and bread were used to clean it. I
cannot not see how anyone would think that would work and it obviously did not. The most current
restoration began in the 1980's and lasted for about twelve to fourteen years. This restoration
included some of the best restorers worldwide. The Nippon Television Corporation, a Japanese
television company, donated 3 million dollars to fund this project and in return required that they
had exclusive television and

Essay on Comparison between Jan van Eyck and Fra Angelico
The Renaissance in Western Europe brought a "rebirth" to the arts. No longer was the church the
only accredited patron for the arts. Instead, a wealthy middle class arose as patrons and were able to
purchase artist's works. Although many pieces still had religious themes, the styles, freedom of
creativity, and less reserved pieces were created. The Renaissance was not only confined to Italy,
although it is often mistaken as the birthplace of the movement. All over Western Europe artwork
flourished. Artists from the north came to Italy to study the classical arts and the renowned Italian
Renaissance artists. Many of the same themes and subject matters were depicted throughout Western
Europe. One such subject matter, the Annunciation, was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Italians may not have had detailed frescos and vivid colors; however they were the leaders in
creating a harmonious scale between the landscape and the objects or figures that adorned it. They
developed a focused on perspective and made their art a science. They used mathematical
measurements and thus the piece was given a great deal of depth and realism. The fresco appears to
be an extended recessed space in the room. In Angelico's piece, linear perspective is created by the
placement and angles of the walls. The edge of the porch, the base of the first column and the lines
of the bench establish a linear perspective. Italian painters also focused on the studying of classical
art and architecture. In Angelico's piece, the arches supported by the stance of the ionic columns
show the interest and study that the Italians adapted into their work. The Northern Renaissance
painters eventually incorporated perspective in their work. Van Eyck used intuitive perspective,
making objects appear smaller and closer together as they are placed further in the distance to create
the feeling of depth in his piece.
Iconography is more prevalent in the Northern Renaissance artwork compared to the Italian
Renaissance artwork. Upon first glance, there are two distinct and obvious similarities between the
two works. The most noticeable is how Mary is wearing blue and is very similarly depicted. Just
like white, the color blue is thought to be the symbol of purity and

The Sistine Chapel
a. In Renaissance
a.a. Sistine Chapel, Vatican City
Originally, the Sistine Chapel's vaulted ceiling was painted blue and covered with golden stars. The
walls were adorned with frescoes by different artists, such as Pietro Perugino, who painted Christ
delivering the keys to St. Peter there in 1482.
The ceiling program, which was probably formulated with the help of a theologian from the Vatican,
is centered around several scenes from the Old Testament beginning with the Creation of the World
and ending at the story of Noah and the Flood.
The public first saw Michelangelo's frescoes on the vaulted ceiling of the Sistine Chapel on
November 1, 1512–but some of those vaults seen are not real. The Renaissance artist spent four
years painting the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To compensate for the building's modest square footage, artist Donato Bramante created a trompe–
l'œil on the back wall. The forced–perspective trick becomes apparent getting closer to the altar, but
the space passes for an imposing cathedral when standing at the front doors.
a.c. Sant'Ignazio Church
Although Pozzo had undertaken numerous commissions to decorate Jesuit churches with Biblical art
– using mural paintings marked by foreshortening as well as various illusionistic devices, such as
fake ceilings, gilding, balustrades and other trompe l'oeil architectural motifs – the decoration of the
Church of Sant' Ignazio was his first major fresco series. The main theme, a symbol of the
Apotheosis of St Ignatius, was painted on the ceiling of the nave, which looks like a lofty vaulted
roof embellished by statues, even though the ceiling is actually completely flat.
Pozzo opened up the nave ceiling further by painting an illusionistic cupola, open to the sky, and
populated with upward floating figures. The ceiling fresco depicts the work of Saint Ignatius and the
Society of Jesus; shows Saint Ignatius entering Paradise, being welcomed by Christ and the Virgin

My Opinion One Of Hummanity 's Greatest Art Masterpieces
In my opinion one of hummanity 's greatest art masterpieces was created during the period of 1495 –
98. The fresco was made during Renaissance using tempera and oil on gresso. It's measurements are
460 –880cm (15/29ft). The genue fresco is in the Convent of 'Santa Maria delle Grazie' in Milan,
Italy. It was financed by the Duke Of Milan. ' Until then the Last Supper had usually appeared in
sacred wall paintings as part of the Passion cycle, but in this period it emerges as an isolated scene
and acquires a particular significance as a subject for refectories.' (Ludwig H.Heydenreich 1974) In
the last supper, Jesus is portrayed with twelve of his disciples. The Last Supper specifically
represents the responses given by all disciples when Jesus ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
'Remaining outside the circle of those innocently smitten, he, who alone shares the secret with
Christ, is the second lone figure in the picture; but his isolation is due to guilt.' (Ludwig
H.Heydenreich 1974) He is grasping a tiny bag, possibly indicating the remuneration given to him
as a contribution of betraying Jesus. He is had poured out the salt next to his right hand. This action
could be relative to the expression" to betray the salt ' ' signifying to betray one 's Master. His elbow
is on the table and his head is in the lowest level of all disciples in the painting. Peter looks irritated
and is having a knife in his hand pointed away from Jesus.
In the middle of all groups is Jesus, the most significant figure in the painting, he is sitting in front
of three windows that are at the end of the room. 'And so we see him – in the midst of his most
faithful followers, who are after all only men, able to grasp the external event but without
understanding its inner meaning – as the suddenly isolated God, alone in the knowledge of his
destiny which only he can see as sacrifice and mystery'. (Ludwig H.Heydenreich 1974)
Jesus explains the Jewish 'Kiddush ' (blessing of wine and bread) and delivers the later Christian
tradition of communion. Jesus gives a sign in the form of an action he takes simultaneously with the
traitor, involving the dipping of bread.
Within his left hand Jesus is showing a piece of bread

Buon Fresco
Buon Fresco– This is a style of painting where water based pigments are painted onto fresh, still
wet, plaster.[1] A chemical reaction between happens between the two substances, called
carbonatation– the calcium hydroxide in the painting reacting with carbon dioxide in the air as it
dries, forming a water resistant layer of calcium carbonate. [2] This adheres the color to the actual
wall, making it extremely resilient to weathering. This is different than a secco or finto fresco, where
the paint is applied after the plaster has dried.[1] [3] Akrotiri Frescoes– Akrotiri frescoes are some of
the impressive remains left by the Minoans that lived on the island of Santorini, which were
beautifully preserved by the ash fall of a catastrophic volcanic explosion, around 1627 BC. Although
some pieces found at Akrotiri are buon frescoes, most were painted partially while the plaster was
wet, and also after it had dried. The consequence of this technique is some areas where the color is
sealed in, and others where it can easily peel off. [4] [4] ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was most often written right to left, or sometimes a spiral, and used in both religious and royal
settings. It was also the predecessor to Linear B.[5] [6] Linear B– This was the form of writing used
in the Late Bronze age by the Mycenaeans, and was a prodromal strain of Greek. Like linear A, it
was mostly used by higher officials, and has been found mainly on the island of Crete. The symbols
in linear B are more like icons rather than letters. Archeologist have only recorded roughly 110
different users of linear B.[7] [8]

Ancient Works of Art in Fred Kleiner’s Gardner’s Art...
In Fred Kleiner's Gardner's Art Through the Ages, he has listed some of the oldest and most ancient
works of art discovered from different archeological site, which were later transferred to various
museums. As we delve deeper into the chapters, we discover how art forms evolve across different
time lines – from the art of the Paleolithic period to the arts of the near–East and Egypt. The works
of art across the different timelines also indicate the kind of culture people have, because such
culture can be seen in how they present their arts. Therefore, there is a clear development that is
happening back then, because of the evolution of the arts and the presentation of the artists based on
their culture. Taking everything into consideration, this project aims to discuss how arts develop
throughout the different timelines – the Paleolithic period and the Ancient near–East and Egypt –
and how such art forms present the cultural context of the artists.
Paleolithic cave painting Historically, it is always argued that the cave paintings during the
Paleolithic period are one of the oldest recorded pieces of art. These include the hand imprints and
spotted horses cave painting in Peche–Merle, France, the Halls of Bulls wall painting in Lascaux,
France and the animal paintings in the Chauvet cave. While they are located in different locations,
there are some common traits in these paintings. First, the cave paintings estimated to be between
13,000 and 15,000 years old, which means

Michelangelo Merisi Da Caravaggio : An Importance On The...
Michelangelo merisi da Caravaggio, also known as Caravaggio was pessimistic in his poetry and an
optimist in his artwork. He had an unparalleled influence on the renaissance. A master of both
painting and sculpting, he was also an architect, engineer and poet. His abilities as a painter and
sculptor were unsurpassed in his days, as his artwork consisted of paintings and sculptures that
showed humanity in its natural state. Michelangelo had exceptional artistic skills, as he expressed
his personality into his paintings and at the same time was radical and uncompromising in his
approach to art and design through his spatial qualities, form, colour, materials and finishes. In
doing so, Caravaggio was following the tradition set by the renaissance of providing the ideal art
and design. At the young age of 17, Michelangelo began dissected corpses at the local church
graveyard to gain a deeper understanding of the human body. His incredibly realistic sculptures
depicted finely chiselled veins, muscles, wrinkles, nerves and bones. Such skill was and is still
unsurpassed in the 21st century. Michelangelo's life–like sculptures and painting were widely
influential to renaissance artists, His art was copied and imitated by many artists and eventually
developed into its own art movement called Mannerism. Mannerist painters exaggerated and
elongated the human bodies proportions. From around 1520 to 1580, during the late renaissance,
Mannerism was very popular until Baroque art came

Liberation Of The Peon Diego Rivera
Kelsie Fast Liberation of the Peon, by Diego Rivera was done with fresco in 1931. Fresco is a
watercolor painting performed rapidly on a wet plaster. As the painting dries the paint soaks into the
plaster and becomes fixed. The paint takes place during the Mexican Revolution, and shows a body
on the ground that has been severely beaten. There are four men that have surrounded the person,
and are tending to the person's care and needs. Looking at this artwork brings a great cast of sorrow
to me. The scene of the painting seems dangerous and hostile there is positivity because a group of
people is helping one single person. Some visual elements that are prominent to me in this painting
include line, the unity of color, and a well noticeable focal point. ... Show more content on
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The lines appear soft but they are rougher in other places throughout the picture. Curvy lines are
used pummeling smoke that is coming from a fire that is occurring in the village. These lines show
you direction, they change from red to black as they rise into the air, to show that the fire is
spreading uncontrollably. Lines are used to outline objects and set boundaries. For example, the
sheet that the men are using to cover the brutally beaten body on the ground. Another example is the
hills that surround the burning village, these lines show you how vast and open the surrounding
desert is. If you look closely at the painting you can see a bunch of littler lines that are all over the
place, making you think that the Diego Rivera used a super–fine bristled paint brush. Different types
of lines are visible all throughout the entire

European Art And Religion Essay
Religion has driven the creation of multiple renowned artistic innovations and visual marvels.
Throughout Europe, religion played a huge role alongside the people being not only a belief system,
but also having governmental control over political institutions. Throughout Europe's medieval era
and onwards, religion played a huge part in artistic culture. Art was used primarily to convey
religious concepts and decorate places of religious worship. Gothic architecture is a prime example,
many fresco paintings from in the fourteenth century were created in Christian churches, depicting
tales from the bible as well as the Virgin Mary and her son. As the years past the styles and
techniques for portraying religious artwork progressed and evolved with fresco mural paintings such
as Giotto di Bondone's Meeting of Joachim and Anna, as well as Jan van Eyck's Double Portrait of
Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife.
Giotto di Bondone's Meeting of Joachim and Anna is a part of a ... Show more content on
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However, while Giotto is illustrating a religious tale, van Eyck is placing hidden symbols into his
painting. In terms of religion it appears that Giotto is trying to give the stories of the bible a more
dramatic or even cinematic approach, much like films such as the Ten Commandments, or the
Passion of the Christ. By portraying a cinematic telling of the story, the audience becomes more
invested with the painting, as it depicts almost a stageplay–esc layout in terms of character
placement. However, van Eyck does not display a narrative within the piece. There's the assumption
that these two figures are married due to them holding hands, as well as a variety of religious
symbols representing matrimony. Yet van Eyck does not parade religious imagery, instead he subtly
conveys this symbols by placing them into the backgrounds of his works, having the viewer to truly
observe the scene in order to find its true

Arroyo Fresco
Arroyo Fresco
Arroyo Fresco Community Health Center (AF) is a community health center serving western
Arizona from 11 clinics and 4 mobile service vans. Community health centers have been established
over the past 40 years in underserved areas in all 50 states, and they are nonprofit, community–
owned health care organizations that offer patients high–quality primary care and preventive
services regardless of their ability to pay. They also provide enabling services, such as
transportation, translation, case management, health education, and home visitation, which increase
access to care. AF serves three counties – Yuma, Mohave, and La Paz – with diverse populations
and needs. The service area of over 23,000 square miles has fewer than ... Show more content on
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Senior leaders have created an environment that fosters legal and ethical behavior that reflects all of
Arroyo Fresco's values. Based on the nature of the work performed and results of a survey
conducted, it was decided that staff, board members, and volunteers are all required to complete
online, interactive courses with content targeted toward their needs. Also, staff members or
volunteers with concerns about a specific issue are given access to an online Staff and Volunteer
Handbook, although, everyone is encouraged to ask any of the senior leaders for direction or to
contact the Ethics Committee if an issue is not resolved satisfactorily. Arroyo Fresco's leadership
conducted a sustainability assessment as part of the Strategic Planning Process and in addition to
this, they attempt to further sustainability and create an environment for performance improvement,
accomplishment of AF's mission and strategic objectives, innovation, organizational agility, and
learning through their use of the FOCUS framework. Senior leadership empower and motivate their
staff and volunteers in various ways by encouraging frank, two–way communication throughout the
organization and ensuring their continuous accessibility to staff, partners, and

Fresco
If you are a businessman, a stock broker, a salesman, or an entrepreneur then you're probably
strongly motivated by money. Many factors motivate an artist to create. It could be emotion,
religion, to commemorate history, or to give us a new perception on things. According to Mark
Getlein, he describes Living with Art as "making art live by letting it engage our attention, our
imagination, and our intelligence. (3)" If I were an artist I would be a painter, and I would paint
images to give tangible form to feelings and ideas. If I were an artist I would try to show what I see
and feel. So, I would show how beautiful and ugly this world could be. I would do this by using a
variety of colors. Color has an emotional effect on us. Cool colors, ... Show more content on
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Numerous times, it is created with feeling and arouses feelings out of us. These pieces of art are
good examples of the role of giving a tangible form to ideas and feelings. These pieces of art may
give the impression of very little taking place in the image but the artwork has a greater meaning
behind it. In Jacob Lawrence piece, it looks so simple but he was telling the story of thousands of
African–Americans migrating from the South to the North (161). In Raphael piece, he captures the
ideals of the Renaissance period. If I was an artist I want to show the ideas of this time. These works
are famous around the world and one of the reasons is because of how people interpret these works.
If I were an artist I want to tell a story like Jacob Lawrence but also bring the beauty of Raphael's
Fresco into one

Influence Of Art In The Renaissance Art
Art is a skill that not everyone can grasp, however even in the Italian Renaissance, some people had
this great gift. Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael are three great examples of artists
who had a talent which would influence the art we do today. Leonardo da Vinci was a great painter
in the Renaissance. He was one of the key figures in the Renaissance. Two of his paintings are the
most famous paintings ever made. These are the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. Leonardo had
many interests besides art. He studied Anatomy, astronomy, botany, geology, geometry, and optics.
Leonardo was raised in Vinci Italy. The meaning of da Vinci is "from Vinci". Leonardo da Vinci was
born on April 14, 1452 and died on May 2, 1519. One skill that Leonardo had was observing.
Leonardo was an apprentice to Andrea del Verrocchio. When his apprenticeship was completed, he
stayed with Andrea del Verrocchio as an assistant. They made a painting together in 1472. From
1478 to 1482 Leonardo had his own studio. This studio was located in Florence Italy. Leonardo used
his drawings to help him with observations, creation, and inventions. Leonardo da Vinci was always
interested in mechanics. Leonardo had an incredible scientific mind. In fact, in the Italian
Renaisance, he had one of the greatest scientific mind. Although he had an incredible mind for
science, his importance in art was far greater than his importance in science.
A lot of Leonardo's designs were way ahead of their time, some of

Michelangelo And The Ecstasy Essay
The plot of The Agony and the Ecstasy is about Michelangelo painting the ceiling of the Sistine
Chapel from the orders of Pope Julius II. It demonstrations the struggles that Michelangelo had
painting the ceiling because he didn't like the concept of the Twelve Apostles the Pope wanted.
Michelangelo then flees to Carrara after destroying his artwork. When he returns back to the city he
is allowed to paint a new design of biblical stories, which include The Last Judgment and The
Creation of Adam. At the beginning of the movie you can tell Michelangelo would be a stubborn
person. You can see the stubbornness throughout the film. Some parts of the film it looks like he
afraid to say something negative. The scene where the Pope orders him to paint the ceiling of the
Twelve Apostles, Michelangelo looked like he was afraid of rejecting the offer. When Michelangelo
gets caught and gets returned to the Pope and starts explaining about his new design, the Pope says
"You sure you can, even though painting is not your trade." Michelangelo replies saying "I will
make it my trade." Just by saying that, it makes Michelangelo seems like nothing can get in his way
of becoming a great artist. Since he's now in control of the painting, Michelangelo says "When I'm
Finished" in response to the Pope's question, when will you make it end? It shows a ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It seems like Michelangelo doesn't bathe often and doesn't wash his clothes since he doesn't have the
time to because he dedicated his life at the time to finish this piece. He starts off by applying plaster
to the wall, then he uses the pouncing technique to apply the image to the wall, then he uses fresco
paint to do his work. The film shows that Michelangelo was uncomfortable working with people.
During the first painting, he had help from multiple people and he looked unhappy from it. He told
the Pope that he didn't need no help from anyone for the second

The Creation Of Adam 's Ceiling Essay
According to arthistory.about.com The Creation of Adam is a fresco painting by Michelangelo,
which is on the Sistine Chapel 's ceiling. The Sistine Chapel forms part of the large Papal Chapel
built within the Vatican by Pope Sixtus IV. Pope Julius II asked Michelangelo to paint the Sistine
Chapel's ceiling in 1508. Michelangelo painted the ceiling from July 1508 to October 1512. The
creation of Adam was painted in 1511. In fact, The Creation of Adam took less than three weeks to
complete. In the Sistine Chapel's this painting is located next to the Creation of Eve, which is the
panel at the center of the room, and the Congregation of the Waters, which is closer to the altar. The
ceiling measures about 141 feet by 43 feet. Michelangelo painted over 5,000 square feet of frescoes.
(arthistory.about.com)
According to www.britannica.com/art/fresco–painting fresco painting is a method of painting water–
based pigments on freshly applied plaster, usually on wall surfaces. The colors are made by grinding
dry–powder pigments in pure water. Then, the paint dries and sets with the plaster to become a
permanent part of the wall. Fresco painting is ideal for making murals because it lends itself to a
monumental style, is durable, and has a matte surface. This contributed to why Michelangelo chose
to paint using this style. (www.britannica.com/art/fresco–painting)
I selected The Creation of Adam for this paper because of its popularity and I have seen it in many
places. In church, my

Analysis Of Raphael 's ' The Reds And The Greens Just Glow '
INTRO:
There is this marvelous way that Raphael can create a sense of real even when he's representing the
impossible divinity; Mary is impossibly large as she fills the space
INTRO II: We have an oil painting here–originally on panel. So we have none of that kind of
stumato, smoky, mysteriousness, instead there's a real clarity here and sweetness instead of mystery.
If you look at the composition it's just so beautifully handled.
Oil painting:
Lippi would have said that color is very important. The reds and the blues and the greens just glow.
That's because Lippi is using a new technique which had been perfected in the north known as
glazing. Taking their cue from the artists of the northern Renaissance, the way that they painted ...
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Look, for instance, at the Christ child's right leg–the light moves from a brilliance at the front of his
leg that helps it project forward, to the shadows of the back leg/butt that help it move back in space
in Madonna in Meadows. (Madonna and goldfinch uses a similar technique) This is because oil
paint stays wet and it can be blended–it's an oily substance. As professor Powell discussed at the
MET art museum trip, the venetians essentially gave up fresco in the late 15th century because
Venice is a series of islands and it was really a bad atmosphere for fresco. In the 1500s this early
technique of glazing that we see in the art of Raphael changes from fresco painting–later in the
1500s, the artists like Raphael exploit what oil can do and the way that oil can allow for a very
different kind of process This process allows artists to change things on the fly, freeing them from
being slaves to the original drawings. Madonna and Child is a good example of that. This idea of the
artistic process directly on the canvas itself and working out your ideas having them evolve right in
that same place where the finished painting will eventually be is something that's unique to the
possibilities of oil paint.
Oil paint has a kind of translucency and he really used that to advantage. Oil paint has different
consistencies depending on what varnish you use with them. You can layered them almost like
stained glass layers of translucent

Art Comparison of Giotto di Bondonne´s Lamentation and...
Religious Artworks A side–by–side comparison of the two has some immediate differences
especially the placement of each individual and the overall sharpness. Giotto di Bondonne utilizes a
fresco technique to express his version of the event. Rogier van der Weyden selects oil to paint on
wood for his interpretation. Either piece delivers an identical message of religious grief.
Giotto di Bondonne created "Lamentation" circa 1305. This piece depicts Jesus Christ removed
from the cross as Mary the Virgin embraces Him. There are two figures in the foreground with their
backs facing the audience. Dawning a new style of artwork creating a sense of depth. John the
Baptist is seen flailing his arms backwards. Body gestures were stiff and stern in comparison to
previous works. Bondonne is an early artist in "the revival of the visual arts" by painting a scene to
suggest a story (Richards). For example, angels are captured flying in the distance watching the
people care for the deceased Jesus Christ. They grieve in unison with the crowd down below.
Bondonne successfully creates a feeling of three dimensions by including a cluster of people on the
far left tucked away in the corner. The mass of people gathered around to offer praise for His
ultimate sacrifice.
Rogier van der Weyden produced the "Deposition" circa 1435. This work of art falls in to the
religion matrix because Jesus Christ is in the central focus with a cross in the background. Weyden
painted the entourage with

The Uses Of Art And Architecture In Pompeiian Villas
Similar to modern society, a home in Pompeii presents your social status. Patricians live in large
lavishly decorated homes while plebeians live in small modest homes or in apartment style housing.
Nonetheless, any Roman home functions as a "refuge from the commotion of a hectic Roman life"
(Zanker 135). Since a home is considered to be a very private place, the differentiation of
magnitude, art, and architecture in Pompeiian villas enlightens us on how these artistic elements
contribute to an aristocratic rank in society. The various uses of art and architecture can therefore
deem what is to be expected in each villa by society and how the villa proves to be the highest
societal ranking home within the Pompeiian society. All villas, with their "use of Greek architectural
elements" (Ling 46) contribute to the overall elegant architectural themes of the structure.
Corinthian columns display a stylistic architectural element that is used to support the weight of the
"roof above the peristyle garden" (Ling 48). In extremely luxurious villas, the outdoor space
"contained not only one but two peristyle gardens" (Ling 46). This use of architecture would mark
the home owner as a high position in society simply based on the cost of creating the peristyle
garden. In addition, the peristyle garden conveys the idea that villa owners have assimilated the
knowledge to know the importance of classical Greek architecture. Furthermore, the use of
incorporating nature within the villa

The Architecture Of The Golden Temple
The Architecture
The Golden Temple, Harmandir Sahib is special because it is the only temple that builds in the
middle of square tanks and there is water all around the temple. Besides that, it is famous for its
architectures and the glittering combination of pure gold domes and pure white marble. In addition,
the exterior of the temple is covered with gold and it is looks amazingly beautiful compared with
other temple. The dome of temples is gilded with 750 kg of pure gold. After that, there are 100kg of
gold were applied and decorative marble was added to the inverted Lotus shaped dome. The interior
of the temple also decorated with gold. Next, the Golden Temple has four different directions
entrances which symbolizes people from four directions of the earth are welcome to enter the
temple. Lastly, the architecture of the Golden Temple draws and paints on both Hindu and Muslim
artistic styles. It represents a unique co–evolution of the two styles. Last but not least, most of the
temples have statues inside or outside of the temple, but Golden temple do not have any statues of
any demi–gods or goddesses (Tejwant Singh, 2014). Most of the decorations are fresh flowers. ...
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The door frames of the dome are 10 feet tall and 8 feet wide and the door panes are decorated with
artistic style. Harmandir Sahib is a place for mental solace and also provides the rarest of art work.
The art that displayed in Harmandir Sahib is either Islamic art or Hindu traditional art. Most of the
exterior upper portions of the walls of the Harmandir Sahib are covered with beaten copper plates
and heavily gilded. The main of the decorations are floral and abstract. There are also some panels
are representing the human figure. For example, the lower represent Guru Nanak flanked by Bala
and Mardana whereas the upper represent Guru Gobind Singh on

Michelangelo, The Best Artist And Sculptors Of The Italian...
Michelangelo was a great artist who contributed many famous works of art to the world, even while
faced with obstacles and discouragements. He has created a great amount of famous sculptures and
paintings. Back then, there wasn't as much materials to work with as there is now. Not only did less
resources make creating something more difficult, but it also made it more time consuming. Also,
Michelangelo worked by himself, which meant his works took even more time. Even with all these
difficulties, Michelangelo was able to create these magnificent works of art. Many of his works have
become very well known, some of which will be mentioned below. Michelangelo Buonarroti is
known as one of the best artists and sculptors of the Italian Renaissance period. Ever since he was
young, he knew he wanted to be an artist of some sort.
When he told his father about wanting to become an artist/sculptor, his father was not happy and
even beat him to try and get some sense into him. His father wanted him to do something more
noble, like how his father worked with a business. Throughout his childhood, Michelangelo was an
apprentice to painters and went to a sculpture school, where he learned a lot. He then started doing
more and more works of art, and started getting more recognition. Before he knew it, he had made
some of the best works of art. The sculpture of David is Michelangelo's most famous work. This
masterpiece was created in between the years 1501 and 1504. It is a 15.7 meters

Restoration Of Restoration And Conservation
Everyday, our history and the visions of artists are threatened by time. Left alone, paint will fade,
old buildings will fall and the history associated with them will perish. As time goes by the need to
preserve and restore this history becomes increasingly important. Generations to come should not
have to miss out on these priceless pieces of history simply because these artifacts were left in ruin.
When it comes to cleaning and restoring historic art, there is always the risk of altering the work
from its original state or even worse, ruining it beyond repair; yet time and the elements put these
masterpieces at risk every day. Action must be taken in order to preserve our history. The need for
restoration and conservation is strong, however, the results of restoring works of art history can
come with heavy criticism. The team selected to restore the Sistine chapel ceiling, between 1980 and
1999 (Beck pg. 64), very well know this to be true. Before moving into the controversy surrounding
the cleaning of the Sistine chapel ceiling, it is imperative to understand the origin of this grand work
of art. During the fifteenth century, the location of the Pope's Roman residence had moved from the
Lateran Palace to the Vatican. Sometime after this transition occurred, Pope Sixtus IV of the Della
Rovere family erected several new structures, including a new papal chapel that was named the
Sistine. In 1503 when Giuliano Della Rovere, better known as Julius II, became Pope, he

Michelangelo Buonarroti Essay
Michelangelo Buonarroti
Michelangelo Buonarroti was born in 1475. He was born in a small town called Caprese, in
Tuscany, Italy. Michelangelo was one of the most famous artists of the Italian Renaissance.
According to Charles de Tolnay
Michelangelo's three greatest works of his later life, were the Tomb of Pope
Julius II, the Sistine Chapel ceiling, and the Medici Chapel(37).
Michelangelo's specialty was painting the human body unclothed. In order to learn to paint the
human body so well he would dissect human corpses.
His artistic talents were noticed at a very early age. Michelangelo went to study with Domenico
Ghirlandago, who taught him about painting. He then went on
to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the walls in the chapel told the story of
Moses, and the other wall told the story of Jesus Christ. Michelangelo used the subjects of the
paintings on the walls to determine the subject of his frescos,"
...there remained only one subject he could use to complete the two preceding ones, that is the story
of humanity..."(Tolnay 41).
The ceiling is made up of scenes from the bible. Michelangelo took the text of the bible and painted
it on the ceiling the way he interpreted it.
According to Robert S. Liebert MD, "...the ceiling is an inseparable amalgam of the biblical text of
Genesis, the sin and fall of man, the foretelling of redemption and Michelangelo's own imagination"
(145). Pope Julius II gave
Michelangelo the freedom to do what he wanted on the ceiling of the Sistine
Chapel(Liebert 140). The ceiling is made up of 343 figures, two hundred of these figures are
between 10–18 feet tall. The subject of the ceiling deals with "...the Creation of the World, Mans
Fall, and his ultimate reconciliation with the Lord"(Janson 359). In the center of the chapel are five
pair of beams that divide the mural. There are nine scenes from Genesis, Creation of the
World, to the Drunkenness of Noah.
Michelangelo's relationship with Pope Julius II influenced the paintings of the Sistine Chapel
ceiling. Pope Julius II was criticized

Expressing Emotion in the Artwork of Antwerp Cathedral,...
There are many ways a person can choose to express his emotions, poetry, dancing or choosing to
express them through art. Painting is one form of art that provides the artist with an endless field of
possibilities to put his thoughts into colours and figures, and placing them with relation to one
another, with every space in the painting, even the empty one, representing an idea or a thought.
Comparing between art works is a very strange and unusual thing, you're never sure what exactly
the artist wants to represent, sometimes he seeks to interpret a reality present around him or merely
copy what he sees, like a portrait for example. Sometimes he represents a scene that he never
witnessed, but read about, and so he tries to flow the words into objects, the objects into figures, and
the figures into emotions that reach the viewer. The subject matter of a painting or a piece of art is
termed "Iconography". Another thing to keep in mind while analyzing a work of art is the function
for which the painting or sculpture serves, which most of the time affects both the material of the
painting and the style of the artist. In this paper I will discuss a work of art that was meant to serve
as an altarpiece for the Antwerp cathedral, the Lamentation attributed to Quentin Massys (c.1520,
Museum of fine Arts). I will put the painting in comparison with both biblical interpretations of the
Lamentation, and also other artists' works that were meant to show the same scene. For the

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