2. Table of Contents Conditional + irregulars Perfect Tenses Present Past Present perfect irregulars Subjunctive perfect Tanto and Tan Impersonal ‘se’ Saber vs. Conocer Los Mandatos Informal/Formal Affirmative Negative Irregular DOP and IOP placement
3. Nosotros Command Mono Subjunctive and irregulars Trigger phrases Impersonal expressions Expressions of emotion Conjunctions of time Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns
4. Would, should, could, must have, wondered if, probably was íaíamos infinitive + ending ías íaían Conditional Tense Ex: Si pudiera comer, comeríalasgalletas If I could eat, I would eat the cookies Terminaría mi tarea I should finish my homework
5. Conditional Irregulares Add conditional endings to the irregular stems (same ones as future) Ex: Vendría a tu fiesta, perotengo mucho tarea I would come to your party, but I have a lot of homework
7. Present Perfect Ex: He comidounahamburguesa I just ate a hamburger
8. Auxiliary verb “had” (haber) + past participle Había Habías Había Habíamos ------ habían Past Perfect Ex: Ella habíaaprendido mucho She had learned a lot
11. Ir-idoAbrir- abierto Cubrir- cubierto Decir- dicho Escribir- escrito Hacer- hecho Morir- muerto Poner- puesto Resolver- resueto Romper- roto
12. Perfect Subjunctive Used when a verb or expression requiring the subjunctive in the main clause is in the present, future, or present perfect Indicates the action as completed with governing verbs in the present or future tense or command forms Haya Hayas Haya Hayamos hayan Ex: Dudoque lo hayashecho I doubt that you did it
13. Tan Used for comparisons of equality using adjectives and adverbs Tan+ adv/adj + como Ex: Juan es tan alto como Cynthia Tanto Used for comparisons of equality with nouns Tanto/a/os/as + noun + como Ex: Katie tienetantatareacomosuhermana Tan and Tanto
21. Saber vs. Conocer Saber: To know information/facts/knowledge/ how to do something Ex: Séespañol. I know Spanish. Conocer: To know a person, place or literary work Conozco Pablo. I know Pablo. sé sabemos sabes sabe saben conozco conocemos conoces conocen conocen
23. Informal/Formal Commands: Negative In formal commands, the verb conjugation stays the same to make it negative. Just add a “no” before it Ex Informal: No lo bebas Don’t drinkit Ex Formal: No lo beba Don’t drink it
26. DOP and IOP placement Affirmative Attach object pronouns directly to the end of the command and add an accent where stress is needed Cómpralo If both direct and indirect object pronouns are attached, the indirect object pronoun comes 1st Cómpremelousted Negative Object pronouns come before the command, after the “no” No lo compras If both DOP and IOP are present, IOP DOP command No me lo compre
27. Nosotros Commands Put it in the 1st person present tense, drop the “o”, and add the opposite nosotros ending Correr --> corramos Mono commands With reflexive verbs, you drop the final “S” of the command form before attaching the reflexive pronoun Levantemoslevantémonos
29. Irregulars Dar Dé Des Dé Demos den Estar Esté Estés Esté Estemos Estén Haber Haya Hayas Haya Hayamos hayan Ir Vaya Vayas Vaya Vayamos Vayan Saber Sepa Sepas Sepa Sepamos Sepan Ser Sea Seas Sea Seamos sean (Same as formal command irregulars- TVDISHES)also car, gar, zars
30. Impersonal Expressions Use a subjunctive after an impersonal expression such as but not limited to the ones to the left Ex: Es necesarioquereciba un 100% en estaproyecto
31. Expressions of Emotion Indicate fear, happiness, anger, regret, surprise or other sentiments or biases
32. Conjunctures of Time Ex: Estudiéhastaquecomícena. Estudiahastaque coma cena. I studied until I ate dinner. Study until you eat dinner. Estudiohastaquecomocena. Estudiaréhastaquecomerácena. I (usually) study until I eat dinner. I will study until I eat dinner.
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34. Adjectives always come in front of the noun they modifyTo make it a pronoun, put an accent over the 1ste! Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns
