1. 2nd Semester Grammar Book Jose Luis Hume

2. Table of Contents Conditional & Irregulars Perfect Tense Present Past Present Perfect Irregulars Subjunctive perfect Tanto & Tan Impersonal “se” Saber vs. Conocer Los Mandatos Informal/Formal Affirmative Negative Irregular NosotrosComands Mono-verbs Subjunctive & Irregulars Trigger Words Impersonal Expressions Expressions of Emotions Conjunctions of Time Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns

3. The Conditional íaíasíaíamosíaisían CorreríaIwillrun

4. The Conditional Irregulars hablar comer vivir hablaría comería viviría hablarías comerías vivirías hablaría comería viviría hablaríamos comeríamos viviríamos hablaríais comeríais viviríais hablarían comerían vivirían

5. Perfect Tense:Present Actions that have happened recently and/or actions that still hold true. He hemos Has Ha han

6. Perfect tense:Past Formed by Using the Imperfect tense of Haber and combining it with the past participle. había habíamos habías había habían Yo había vivido. I hadlived

7. Perfect tense:Present Irregulars AbrirAbierto CubrirCubierto DecirDicho EscribirEscrito HacerHecho MorirMuerto PonerPuesto ResolverResuelto RomperRoto VerVisto VolverVuelto IrIdo

8. Perfect Tense:Subjunctive Perfect Formed by the present subjunctive of haber and the past participle Hayahayamos Hayas Hayahayan Yohayacomido I had eaten.

9. Tan y Tanto

10. Impersonal SE Use “se” to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb. Se vendefruta en la frutería. When using “se”, verb is always in the 3rd person. Aquí se hablaespañol. “Se” can be used in all tenses Se hizo mucho. Se hara mucho. Se habíahecho.

11. Saber vs. Conocer SABER CONOCER To know Person Place Literary Work To know Facts Information How to do something

12. Los Mandatos:Affirmative FORMAL INFORMAL Change verb to the yo form Drop the “o” and add the opposite vowel. Coma su comida por favor. Conjugate to the second person singular Drop the –s Cometu comida.

13. Los Mandatos:Negative FORMAL INFORMAL Conjugate like affirmative formal command But a –no in the front No coma estomanzana Conjugate just like the Affirmative formal command Add an “s” and a no before the verb No comas estomanzana.

14. Los Mandatos:Irregulars FORMAL INFORMAL Stem changing verbs such as Volver (vuelven) Basically any verbs that are irregular in the yo form are irregular in the comand form. Decir- Di Hacer- Haz Ir- Ve Poner- pon Salir- Sal Ser- Sé Tener- Ten Venir- Ven

15. Nosotros Commands and –mono Verbs Change to the Yo form Add opposite vowel Add –mos CorrerCorramos Reflexive verbs take on their pronoun Sentir+nosSentémonos

16. Subjunctive and Irregulars Attitudes, Uncertainty, Hypothetical, Will, Influence, Emotion, Doubt/Disbelief, Indefinitness Main Clause + Connector Word + Subjunctive Clause Ir/Er A as a amos an Ar E es e emos en Es muyimportante + que + aprendas el subjuntivo. Irregulars TVDISHES

17. Subjunctive Triggers W– wishing/wanting E – emotions D – doubt D – disbelief I – impersonal expressions N – negation G – god/grief

18. Demonstrative Adjectives MASCULINE FEMININE Este – this Estos – these Ese – that Esos – those Aquel – that over there Aquellos – those over there Esta – this Estas – these Esa - that Esas - those Aquella – that over there Aquellas – those over there