Among created beings, man alone is capable of thinking because he has a mind or intellect.

2. Man: The Thinker

3. Objectives:
• To provide an overview on Man: The
Thinker;
• To define what is Mind and what
synonymous to mind;
• To identify the 3 fundamentals
operation of Thinking; and
• To define what is Truth and its
characteristics.

4. • Like all animals, man also possesses
brain. Has but man has mind or
intellect, and man intrinsically
equipped with capability to think.

5. Man has a nine senses
EXTERNAL SENSE
• Vision
• Taste
• Smell
• Hearing
• Touch
INTERNAL SENSE
• Imagination
• Consciousness
• Memory
• Instinct

6. •WHAT IS
MIND?

7. MIND
• the element of a person that enables
them to be aware of the world and
their experiences, to think, and to
feel; the faculty of consciousness and
thought.

8. • Is MIND synonymous with
Intellect, Understanding
and Thinking?

9. • INTELLECT AND
UNDERSTANDING SYNONYMOUS
WITH MIND.
• When you say Intellect, we mean
mind or understanding.
• When we say Understanding, we
mean mind or intellect.

10. • Mind and Intellect are potentialities
towards understanding so that it is
understanding appears as the
resultant factor of the activations of
Mind or Intellect.

11. • When man uses his mind
which means thinking – Man
can eventually acquire
understanding.

12. •Now, What makes
Understanding
synonymous with
Mind or Intellect?

13. • The answer lies in the fact that
understanding, as the result of man’s
activation of mind or intellect.

14. • THINKING IS NOT SYNONYMOUS
WITH MIND OR INTELLECT OR
UNDERSTANDING.
WHY?

15. • Because is in itself an activity . It is
when man activates mind or intellect
that man thinks so that when man
thinks man can arrive at
understanding.

16. • Thinking can be construed in
threefold perspective
– First, it is a mental activity
– Second, as a mental activity, man
thinks when man is in control of his
mind.
– Third, as man uses or control his
mind, he engages in an
introspective or subjective
empirical activity.

17. 3 fundamentals operation of
Thinking
• Apprehension
• Judgment
• Inference

18. Apprehension
• The mind encounters a reality and
forms of an idea of the reality.
• The mind forms an idea of reality
through abstraction

19. Judgment
• The mind appraises, pronounces or
judges whether the reality is either
true or false.
• Judgment can be:
– Affirmative judgment
– Negative judgment

20. Inference
• The human mind engages in
reasoning.
• Reasoning- is a process whereby the
mind arrives at a reason or inferred
judgment.

21. • Reasoning involves three judgments
– The two judgments are being carefully
studied whether they correlate with each
other or not.
– the third judgment serves as the
conclusion or the inferred judgments.

22. • Man thinks because man wants to
unconceal truth.

23. •WHAT IS
TRUTH?

24. TRUTH
• The conformity between
judgment (intellect) and reality
(thing).

25. • Truth is divided into three:
– Logical truth
– Ontological truth
– Moral truth

26. Logical truth
• Conformity of the intellect with a
thing.
• The thing serves as the basis to
which the intellect conforms.

27. Ontological truth
• Conformity of the thing with the
intellect.
• The intellect which serves as the
basis to which the thing must
conform.

28. Moral truth
• Conformity of speech with the inner
thought.
TRUTH has its contradiction which is
FALSITY.

29. • Logical Falsity- disconformity of the
intellect with the thing; called ERROR
• Ontological Falsity- disconformity of
the thing with the intellect.
• Moral Falsity- disconformity of
speech with thought; called LIE

30. Characteristics of truth
• It is being localized in human intellect
• It is immutable
• It is absolute
• It is eternal