The Issues Of Prisons And The State

The Issues Of Prisons And The State
will discuss the issues of prisons and if using other rehabilitation methods would be beneficial for
both the society and the state. It will point out issues on how punishment is failing by looking into
the costs of prisons and re–offending rates, and that the need for reform is needed with using other
correctional methods. It will evaluate prisons and alternatives by giving positives and negatives to
the debate.
Introduction
The purpose of the paper is to investigate prisons, how they operate and the effectives of them. It
will give a brief insight to the history of prisons and how they operate in the modern day, but the
controversial factor to it, is if alternative correctional methods such as counselling or community
service benefit our day to day living.
To truly understand why and how modern criminal punishments are what they are today, it is
important to understand the creation of the now vital institution within British society. In the early
years of Britain, they had little need, if any, for prisons. The normal sentence for those found guilty
was death while those found innocent were simply set free. When Henry II rose to power he built
some of the earliest prisons including the Newgate prison in London, and also saw the birth of a
more sophisticated way of enforcing laws, this was done by establishing courts within England and
the creation of the first legal textbook which becomes a precursor to common law. Prison tended to
be a place where
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Problems and Challenges Facing Probation
An Overview of the Parole System and its Problems Overcrowding in both state and federal prisons
has been a major problem facing the corrections system. There have been many ways to try and stop
the overcrowding, but it is still a problem to this day. Parole is just one strategy that has helped with
this problem. The first actual type of parole was introduced by Alexander Maconochie in 1840. It
was a primitive system and the first actual system of parole was introduced in 1846 by Sir Walter
Crofton. Crofton had the first system in which parolees would be put back in prison if their parole
conditions were violated. Also, Crofton introduced supervision by police officials. These officials
proved to be the first actual parole officers. It was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These programs are not just setup for after prisoners are paroled, but instead, the programs start as
soon as they enter prison. One such program, or model, would be the Intensive Aftercare Program,
also known as the IAP model. This model ?posits that effective intervention with the target
population requires not only intensive supervision and services after institutional release, but also a
focus on reintegration during incarceration and a highly structured and gradual transition process
that serves as a bridge between institutionalization and aftercare? (p. 1 Wiebush et al). Inmates need
to be rehabilitated while still in prison. This gives them a better chance to live a normal life once
they are released, causing recidivism to go down. The most important parts of this model would be
the programs offered through it. On page two of their article, Wiebush et al, explain the programs as
followed: Assessment, classification, and selection criteria. IAP focuses on high–risk offenders in
order to maximize its potential for crime reduction and to avoid the negative outcomes previously
demonstrated to result from supervising low–risk offenders in intensive supervision programs
(Clear, 1988).
Individualized case planning that incorporates family and community perspectives. This component
specifies the need for institutional and aftercare staff to jointly identify the services needed shortly
after commitment and plan for how those needs will be

Is The Fortunes And Misfortunes Of Moll Flanders
Daniel Defoe's picaresque novel Moll Flanders saw the light of the day in 1722. Of course,
meticulously speaking, it cannot be called a novel in the strictest sense of the term. The credit of
being the first 'proper' novel goes to Richardson's Pamela which was published a couple of decades
later in 1740. Moll Flanders is somewhat deficient in psychological exploration and reads more like
a narrative. Hence it would be better to call it a 'rudimentary' novel. However, the objective of this
paper is not to debate or discuss the qualities of a novel found in Moll Flanders. The objective is to
delineate how Defoe's heroine Moll with her own effort trudges through thick and thin to make the
most of a hopeless life. For all her shortcomings, she ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It would be poetic injustice to end such a narrative of struggle and resilience on a tragic note. Defoe
bestows happiness on septuagenarian Moll. He employs a classic deus ex machina to make Moll
meet her mother in old age and inherit a part of her mother's property. Moll, for the first time in her
life, finds a stable and comfortable position. And now all the middle–class values pour in. Penitent
Moll starts visiting the church to enter the mainstream of life. So long Moll has never cared for any
of her twelve children; they were nuisances in her thorny path of life. But now for the first time
Moll experiences a resurgence of maternal affection. She says of Humphry: "...he brought the
writings of gift...and I delivered them to him with a hundred kisses." This is a newly developed facet
of Moll –– Moll the mother.Moll Flanders is not exactly a feminist novel; it does not chart a road–
map for the marginalized woman to transcend her marginality. Nevertheless, it is undoubtedly pro–
woman, investing a female figure with the status of the protagonist in early eighteenth century and
portraying her with sympathy and understanding. The novel, despite its conformist ending, is way
ahead of its

Essay about The United States Correctional System
THE US CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM The US Correctional System has many different types of
punishments, which are based upon the type of crime the offender commits. Murder, Rape and
Identity theft are all crimes, crimes that carry different types of punishments. Some crimes such as
murder for example have different levels that are based on it nature, first, second, and third degree
murder are all three types of murder but carry a different punishment. There are some crimes though
that does not carry a large jail or prison sentence such as driving under the influence (DUI). This
type of crime is most like going to sentence the offender to alcohol awareness (AA) classes as a
form of punishment, in hopes of rehabilitating the offender to give up ... Show more content on
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Probation it a sentence handed down by a judge that gives an offender freedom based on terms that
are set by a judge (Schmalleger). These set roles the offender may face are things such as random
drug testing and some form of rehabilitation. This gives offenders a second chance to rehabilitate
them self and fallow the law.
HOW THE US CORECTIONAL SYSTEM REHABILITATES OFFENDERS The US Correctional
System gives a lot of offenders the chance to change their ways, by helping the rehabilitate them
self's. Rehabilitation is the attempt to reform an offender or also used a rehabilitated meaning the
reform of an offender (Schmalleger). Forms of rehabilitation in the correctional system would be
court ordered by a judge for an offender that is addicted to drugs or alcohol to be sentence to rehab
to kick there addiction. This can be very helpful for repeat offenders that crimes they commit are
due to their addiction to drugs/alcohol. There are different kinds of programs to help with the
rehabilitation of an offender, programs such as "Office of Program Accountability and Support: This
office supports the division by providing support services, and overseeing data collection and
analysis of participation within programs offered to inmates and parolees. Office of Offender
Services: This office is broken into two separate units. One supports the In–Prison Programs, and
the other supports Community and Reentry

Women's Role In The American Corrections System
The American corrections system has many facets to it as well as many challenges that each and
every individual within its system must learn to cope with. Not everyone who is in some sector of
the corrections system can deal with what corrections entails because the life that they led outside of
the corrections system isn't always the same. This can especially be said for women who find
themselves part of the corrections system simply because of the role that women generally face
within their homes.
Corrections is defined as, "the variety of programs, services, facilities, and organizations responsible
for the management of individuals who have been accused or convicted or criminal offenses" (Clear,
2013). This includes corrections officers, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
corrections system. There were three principles found to be of importance for this time of prison
reform and they were, "(1) separation of women prisoners from men, (2) provision of differential
care, and (3) management of women's prisons by female staff" (Clear, 2013). Basically the concern
was female prisoners to be house separately from the male prisoners in a facility ran by female staff.
In state prisons it is estimated that women account for nearly twenty–five percent of the workforce
(Clear, 2013). However in the Federal Bureau of Prisons it is estimated that women only account for
approximately thirteenth percent of the officers (Clear, 2013). Out of the total population of prison
inmates, only approximately seven percent are female whereas the population of female jail inmates
is approximately twelve percent.
An issue that is of concern is the safety of female officers when working within a male prison
facility. In 2013, a female officer at the Arizona State Prison Complex in Winslow was brutally
beaten by two inmates to the point of being placed in the hospital. Officer Benavidez was escorting
50 unrestrained male inmates when two of them inmates proceeded to brutally attack her. According
to a statement from her boyfriend, "the first one hit her and knocked her out. He climbed on top of
her and continued to pound her head. There was another one, and

Susan Craig Analysis
A Historical Review of Mother And
Child Programs for Incarcerated Women
Susan C. Craig.
This article introduces historical accounts and analysis of programs for incarcerated mothers and
their children in the United States (Susan C. Craig, 2009).
Recurring subject in the history of these programs include the persistent impact of race and class;
the state's attempts to monitor and control women's intelligence and bodies; and the endless
difficulties posed by the demeanor of mothers and, and every so often, children in confinement.
"The development of mother–and–child programs in the United States started in the early–19th–
century England and a program for imprisonment mothers and their children in London, Newgate
Gaol, where women were authorized to care for their children by the early 1800s" ... Show more
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However, when Federal judges displayed concerned regarding the number of infants being born at
Alderson (Susan C. Craig, 2009). Hostile scrutiny on the conditions for children nurture by their
mothers in confinement initiates the end of having babies and children remain with their mothers in
most prisons. The era of childcare in confinement came to an end in the 1960s (Susan C. Craig,
2009).
However, the booming number of women in confinement between 1986 and 2006 has rekindle
concern in the problematic of mothers in confinement. In addition substance abuse treatment
programs have been associated to the progression of parenting programs, "the institution of special
visitation areas and programs for mothers and their children, and the reinstatement of childcare in
confinement" (Susan C. Craig, 2009).
While reading this article I never thought that prisons could be a place to raise a child because by
disposition prisons are inhospitable by design. Now, thanks to this article I now know that there are
some states such as California that currently house

The Main Features of the Reforms Passed by the Government...
The Main Features of the Reforms Passed by the Government in the 19th Century that Affected
Prisons
As we can see from question one prisons needed serious reform. This is because the purpose of
prison was to hold people until they were hung or transported therefore no one cared about
reforming them. So the purpose of prisons has to change for the conditions to change. This is
because if the purpose changes from holding prisoners till death to holding prisoners until there
sentence is up people will put more effort into reforming them so the conditions will get better and
the way to do this is for people like Elizabeth Fry to implement the changes needed. ... Show more
He gave good food, clothing and bedding to prisoners although they received good treatment they
were still tret like prisoners. They did not pay for any of these items and the jailer was not to charge
the prisoners as he was getting a salary. There were no irons or chains and there main punishments
consisted of no visitors at all, and hard labour and probably the worst punishment of all solitary
confinement. Each prisoner had their own cell and the chaplain and doctor visited regularly to check
on the prisoners and try to reform them through God. The warden had to visit at least once a day to
check on the prisoners and exercise them.
Sir George Paul although he only reformed one prison set the way for others to follow in his
footsteps and reform other prisons.
Elizabeth Fry was the next reformer who formed an association called the 'Association for the
improvement of female prisons at Newgate.' This was an association that fought for the rights of
women in prisons.
She wanted the opportunity while women and children were in prison to try to teach them. She also
wanted to try to bring the faith of Christianity into their lives in order to try to reform and turn them
into better people. She also believed in segregation and women's rights along with female jailors.
She wanted this because she wanted to stop disease and

History And Evolution Of The Penal System
The penal system is described as the procedure by which individuals are punished for violating the
legal system; this punishment is usually synonymous with imprisonment. Throughout the years, the
penal system in the United Kingdom has evolved with the change of times to become the
modernized justice system it is today. For my term paper, I am going to critically discuss the history
and evolution of the penal system of the United Kingdom into the modern one it is today. I will also
be comparing and contrasting the past structures of the penal system to the emerging modern one
and discussing in what ways it has improved as well as what ways it still appears to require
improvement. The British penal system has an expansive history, and much of its background also
forms links within the systems of other countries. Justice and punishment for those that had
committed crimes were ideals desired even during the medieval periods and there is evidence to
support this claim. As early as the medieval periods–referring to as early as the 5th century, crude
methods of punishment such as drownings were seen to have been carried out. The use of dungeons
was also in place, and this could be regarded as the early, budding ideology of having a facility that
could hold those that had violated the law. By the 10th century methods of punishment for those that
committed offences were already slowly evolving, for example, more inhumane methods had risen
such as the emergence of hanging. It is

Why Is Elizabeth Fry Important To Society
Elizabeth Fry was a social reformer and Quaker philanthropist. Throughout her life she advocated
the ideals of education and human rights with her relentless courage, and tireless efforts. Her
tenacity was applied to a variety of causes . Elizabeth was of service to; anti slavery laws, religious
teachings , nursing programs, homeless shelters, and women's prisons. Her ideas and work in the
prisons were radical during her time. She was a women with power and privilege. She used both to
service the pathetic.
I will show you how Elizabeth Fry is an example of the power of one. Her countless acts of
kindness, created peace and positive changes in the prison systems. Over 150 years later her past
efforts continue to ignite advocacy, rehabilitation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I can put faces to those statics and relate because I am one. Our overcrowded prisons are not filled
with dangerous women that we must lock away to keep society safe. Instead prison has become
shelters for the battered, mentally ill, drug addicts and marginalized women that have no worth in
society. Their children are left abandoned. I met hundreds of women that go through the systems
revolving doors. However not once did I ever meet anyone in a position of wealth or power in
prison. Justice is expensive and an also an illusion .
Thankfully I did meet The Elizabeth Fry Societies in prison. As Elizabeth did many years ago, they
offered their unconditional support. With their help I was able to; connect with my children and
family, complete programs that dealt directly with abuse, boundaries, and negative behaviours. As I
progressed they assisted with passes and volunteer work outside of the prison. Today they still
support my rehabilitation by contributing to my education and offering social supports and

The Privatization of American Prisons Essay
The Privatization of American Prisons
Introduction
Since 1984, the California Penal System has been forced to undergo drastic changes resulting from
increased legislation aimed at increasing the severity of retribution to offenders leading to an
exponentially increasing prison population. In the 132 years between 1852 and 1984, the state of
California built twelve prisons, but has since supplemented the prison system with 21 new facilities.
In 1977, the California Department of Corrections was responsible for 19,600 inmates. California's
inmate population now stands at 160,655, an increase of close to 800%.
Across the nation, both local and federal prison systems have looked to private corporations to
provide beds for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Shortly after British colonists created the first Virginian settlements in 1607, a shipment of
convicted felons arrived, shipped by British entrepreneurs to be used as indentured labor, a
condition of their pardon. A process often used by private entrepreneurs, this, in turn, lowered prison
costs to the respective government.
Throughout most of the eighteenth century, jails were maintained through a combination of fees and
labor sales, and the state of Pennsylvania passed legislation calling for inmate labor to be used on all
public projects.
Prisoner outsourcing in the United States is originally attributed to New York's Newgate Prison in
1802. The prison was able to contract with local manufactures, effectively offsetting rising prison
costs. By 1825, prisons throughout the country, including Auburn, Baltimore, Charlestown, and
Wethersfield, were realizing profits resulting from "prison contracted labor industries."
State legislators were quick to pass legislation aimed at compensating the rising costs attributed to
keeping prisoners. In 1838, the state of New Jersey mandated all prisoners be kept working, and all
earnings be used to cover the price of incarceration. California followed soon after with the Prison
Act of 1851, which allowed prisoners to be turned over to contractors who would cloth, feed, and
detain them in return for labor.
By the 1850s, California's San Quentin Prison, was the first prison to be built and maintained

Prison Writings: My Life Is My Sun Dance
| Prison Writings Book Review | Dr. Hansen | | Dillon Ekmalian | 10/1/2010 |
The United States is home of the brave, the free, and the land of opportunity. People from countries
all around the world come to the United States to better themselves, or to give their children a
chance at a better life. Countries of all races and skin colors have come since the land of the
Americas was "discovered," white, black, brown, and yellow. However, there is a key color missing;
the color that has been her longer than any other, red. How is it that the people who have lived off
the land of America for centuries before the Europeans arrived are the one race that is given the least
amount of respect? After the British defeat ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Canadian government had no choice but to allow him to be extradited. If Leonard Peltier had
anything good going for him, it was that he was in the land of the free; the home where everyone is
innocent until proven guilty, unless you're an Indian. Peltier was eventually placed in Oakalla Prison
on the same floor as death row inmates. He was purposely placed in a cell between two inmates who
were scheduled for execution the next day. He figured they did this so he can see what it was going
to be like for him in the near future. The government wanted him to know the fear of death, so much
for no cruel and unusual punishment. The next morning Leonard actually struck a bit of luck.
Whether it was luck or Leonard believes to be Sun Dance's magic, but those two men were not
executed since the courts had just abolished the death penalty. Fortunately Leonard had Sun Dance
and through it enabled him to embrace whatever he was about to encounter. Leonard Peltier is still
in jail to this day for the murders of the two FBI agents. His parole is consistently rejected. His
many appeal trials have all upheld the initial ruling. He has had assassination attempts on his life.
He has been beaten to a pulp in jail. He has constant pain in his jaw from a childhood accident
which caused lockjaw. He had an unsuccessful surgery that only made matters worse. The American
government refuses to allow him to use proper

The Incredible Journey of Moll Flanders Essay example
The Incredible Journey of Moll Flanders
Abandoned by her mother at the age of six months Moll Flanders does not have any of the
requirements expected for her life journey to be a very good one. Her first memory is that of
"wandering among a crew of those people they call gypsies, or Egyptians;" (9). But already as a
child of about eight or ten she is aware of herself as an individual ready to shape her own life: "...for
alas! all I understood by being a gentlewoman was to be able to work for myself, and get enough to
keep me without that terrible bugbear going to service..." (13).
Moll´s first very frightening experience is that of being "cast off the ship" when she is turned out of
doors to the wide world before ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If Defoe read The Pilgrim´s Progress he may have adopted the way of thinking of life as a journey.
Moll is not an allegory, but it is evident that in this novel we find the idea that by trying to influence
your own life you arrive at different stations. It is also clear that life takes you to stations you did not
plan to go to. Moll´s marriage to a draper turns out to be disastrous, as he wastes most of her money.
Her life´s journey takes a sharp turn when she finds herself so desperate for money , that she
becomes a whore. Her next marriage takes her on a real journey (to Virginia) where at first she is
very happy indeed. But when she discovers that her mother–in–law is her natural mother she says
that: " ... an odd and surprising event put an end to all that felicity in a moment, and rendered my
condition the most uncomfortable, if not the most miserable, in the world." (93). Moll now proves
herself to be a very strong person when she insists on leaving Virginia, as she cannot imagine going
on living with her own brother.
Back in England she tries to set up a new life for herself. She lives for six years with a married man
and then marries an Irishman who thinks she is a woman with a very great fortune. This man is the
only one for whom she expresses real love, but both of them being poor, the marriage is

The Case Of Correctional Officers
"Let me out! Let me out! I do not belong here," says the predator in the cell. This is something
correctional officers hear often. During duty they have many responsibilities and tasks they have to
accomplish. The officer has to get everything done while being careful and not jeopardizing their
safety. They run under a lot of stress trying to keep these criminals locked up and away from the
civilians. Correctional officers put their life on the line in order to protect civilians and keep
predators behind bars.
Officers have always been around maybe they were not referred to as a correctional officer maybe
they were referred to as guards supervising the dungeons, cells, or even jails. These facilities were
brought under one central authority in Connecticut, the first in the nation. The Department of
Correction in Connecticut was the first to bring young adults and adult institutions in the same
central authority. This department is one of a few agencies to put together a system of jails for
prisoners before their trial and prisons for offenders that have already been sentenced. Connecticut's
first correctional system started in the Old Newgate prison located in East Granby, which was used
as a copper mine in 1705 ("Doc: History Department"). In the twenty first century penal institutions
have improved especially in correctional facilities to improve security and reduce the risks of
inmates from escaping. Their duty as an officer is to examine anything that the inmates could

Annuling Capital Punishment Essay
Homicide is unjust. Since youth we have been taught this unquestionable truth. Ask yourself, then,
what is the death penalty? In its easiest structure, the death penalty is characterized as one individual
taking the life of another human. Incidentally, that is the meaning of homicide. There are 36 states
with capital punishment, and they should change. These states need to get rid of it because it
conveys a perilous danger of disciplining the innocent, is unjust and primitive, and is an insufficient
hindrance of wrongdoing versus the option of life in jail without parole.
The death penalty is the most
irreversible wrongdoing governments execute without result, and it
must be annulled. Humans, as people, are celebrated around the world ... Show more content on
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Capital punishment defiles the right to life.
Capital punishment is supported by people as a suitable way to stop crime. obstruction of. It is
demonstrated that states with capital punishment really have higher homicide rates than those
without. It is demonstrated that our country does not require this danger of discipline to stop
wrongdoing.
It might be said that capital punishment is the most neglected manifestation of government lip
service; we kill individuals who kill other individuals to show that murder is not right. It is this
disagreement that confounds the accused and undermines any wrongdoing the death penalty was
planned to have.
Numerous individuals support capital punishment as reparation for the wrong done to a victimized
person's family; notwithstanding, by and large, conclusion is not the outcome. Losing a friend or
family member, regardless of how that individual is lost, is agonizing, unalterable, and shattering.
Torment like this is stunning and the exploited person's family clutches the trust that the execution
of the killer will carry help and conclusion. In any case, when execution day arrives, the agony is
not maneuvered. No alleviation could be picked up, for their ache is an unavoidable, characteristic
procedure of life. Exploited people's families have established such bunches as the Murder Victims
Families for Reconciliation and The Journey of Hope, which restrict capital punishment. They
‐
believe

Literature Of Prison Literature
Prison literature, epitomized as a thriving literary genre, is identified as literature which is penned
while the author is unwillingly kept in a location, such as a penitentiary, jail, detention center,
correctional facility, house arrest or in solitary confinement. The literature produced by writers
during or after their incarceration can be about prison as place of Romantic solitude and the prison
as brutal, inhuman institution. This can be illustrated in a number of forms including epistle,
autobiography, memoir, journal/diary, novel, poetry, manifesto, essay and political philosophy
which made writers create hundreds of literary works that have encompassed a wide range of
literature known as prison literature. Surveying prison ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Victorians also had clear pictures about what prisons should be like. Unpleasant places, brutal,
inhuman institution accompanied by harsh punishments (from whipping to the death penalty) to
dissuade people from committing crimes or breaking the law signify the strict social code of
conduct in the system of judiciary. Once inside, prisoners had to be made to face up to their own
felonies or crimes, by keeping them in silence and making them work hard. Walking a treadwheel
(treadmill) and picking oakum (separating strands of rope) were the most common forms of hard
labour.
Toward the mid–nineteenth century, however, some authors became interested in having the actual
conditions of prisons portrayed in their works. Although eighteenth–century authors such as Daniel
Defoe (1660–1731), the author of Robinson Crusoe (1719) and Moll Flanders (1722) (whose
protagonist is born and imprisoned in Newgate Prison), and John Gay's ballad opera The Beggar's
Opera (1728), William Godwin's novel Caleb Williams (1794) had described the image of the
infamous Newgate Prison in their writings, Charles Dickens's descriptions of the criminal world and
the prison took a somewhat darker tone which appeared in a number of novels including Oliver
Twist (1838), Little Dorrit (1857) and Great Expectations (1861). Writings from prison also gained
more visibility as more individuals who possessed the skill to write, were incarcerated. Prison
biography became a genre in itself, allowing

Analysis Of The Novel ' Moll Flanders '
'Moll Flanders' did not start off as your typical story for a Victorian era novel. The Novel 'Moll
Flanders' pushed the envelope and ultimately was a novel that assisted women in the progression of
femininity writing. There were undoubtedly other authors who assisted with this progression as well
for instance, Mary Wollstonecraft who publish later than this work, which could lead one to assume
this work aided her in doing so, so that in the future she would be able to publish her works which
are well known to many of us today. Although silenced through the forced submission of men,
women were on the rise, and in the process of demanding change not only in the literary world, but
also the real world as a whole; 'Moll Flanders' proffers that evolution.
A key characteristic that made this story very prominent is that a man did this work. Which was rare
that a man at in time would provide such a ubiquitous feminine message that often times went
unheard. Daniel Defoe saw a reason to assert the voices of many women through this work alone.
Moll Flanders voice could've been silenced like so many other women of this time, but instead her
raw, unearthing, and empowering voice was heard.
Dealt the wrong hand in life, caused Moll to look at the world in a different perspective than most
girls or women in her time. Not only was she living in a male chauvinist world, but she was also
born into a lower socio–economic class. Moll came in this world with those two strikes alone
against

Higher Percentage of Minority Inmates
Nichelle McClain
Prof. Shaner
GSW 1110
15 November 2010
Higher Percentage of Minority Inmates There are over millions of people incarcerated but African
Americans and Latinos make up most of the prison population. To attempt to stop certain problems,
the criminal justice system just put people behind bars and expects that everything will be fine,
when in reality it isn't because now the jails are becoming overcrowded. Dealing with the drug war,
racial profiling, and people growing up in low–income neighborhoods and high–poverty rates,
minorities have a higher inmate ratio but the drug war is the greatest cause of why the minority
inmate ratio is so high. Since the year 1980 the numbers for incarcerated minorities has been
staggering but ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the American Civil Liberties Union, "African Americans make up an estimated 15% of
drug users, but they account for 37% of those arrested on drug charges, 59% of those convicted and
74% of all drug offenders sentenced to prison." These statistics show that minorities, especially
African Americans have to pay the price, using their lives by going to jail or prison. Other races are
just as guilty with the drug war but minorities are targeted more than the other races.
The main cause to why there is a higher minority inmate ratio in jails and prisons is the war on
drugs. But because of the war on drugs the police unfairly target minorities in the low income and
high poverty neighborhoods. The police believe that most drugs are sold on the streets of these
neighborhoods so they use a proactive policing system to find someone that is selling drugs. Most
police racial profiling is done in the high poverty and low–income neighborhoods. Drug Policy also
states, "Racial profiling, street sweeps, buy and bust operations and other police activities have
targeted people in street level retail drug transactions in low–income communities of color."
Minorities and white drug offenders seem to get different sentences, and different treatment from
the criminal justice system. According

Correctional Social Work with Male Prisoners
The marginalized population that will be discussed within this research paper will be male prisoners
found within the United States correctional facilities. In Prince and Coleman journal article,
"Narrative of Neglect: Texas Prisons for Men" (2011), the authors make it obvious that all male
individuals found in prisons, regardless of race, are subjected to harsh conditions that include both
neglect and abuse, as well as a number of other circumstances. They do this by giving the reader a
detailed history of Texas's state penitentiary system. Prince and Coleman's article (2011) explores
the continuing pattern of neglect and abuse found in these prisons starting with 2011 when the
article was published, and going back 183 years to the 1800s. ... Show more content on
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Between this time in the 1800's and when Price and Coleman published their journal article in 2011,
few reforms initiated by the government in Texas were put into action. The only attempts to make
prison systems better in Texas were initiated by churches and other charitable organizations,
investigations conducted by the media into Texas prisons, and prisoners who are suing Texas for
mistreatment (Price & Coleman, 2011). When Price and Coleman's (2011) journal was published,
Texas was known for and continues to be known for their abusive and neglectful prison systems,
and still continues to be. Davis describes abusive conditions found within one Texas prison in 1997,
in her article "Prison Masculinities: Race, Gender, and Prison History from the Convict Lease
System to the Supermax Prison" (1997). A video tape from inside Brazoria Detention Center in
Texas, made its way to major media outlets. In the video, guards had police dog's attack and bite the
prisoners without motive. The guards would force prisoners to crawl on the ground and would hit
them with cattle prods if they did not declare their love for Texas. The guards in the video were seen
beating the prisoners, even kicking them in their private areas (Davis, 1997). This is the systematic
abuse and mistreatment of a marginalized population that unless the media somehow picks up on it,
lacks a voice. The

Should Prison Offenders Be Prosecuted?
DEFINITION
Recidivist: A recidivist is defined as any criminally sentenced inmate released to the street from a
(DOC) Department of Correction facility during 2011 who is re–incarcerated for a new sentence or
violation of parole or probation to a Massachusetts state or county facility or to a federal facility
within three years of his/her release.
Re–Incarceration: Types of re–incarceration include technical violation of parole, parole violation
with a new offense, return to county custody, return to state or federal custody, technical violation of
probation, and probation violation with a new offense. An inmate who is re–incarcerated due to a
technical violation of parole or probation is re–incarcerated for violating the terms of the conditions
set forth regarding their release in the community, not for committing a new offense.
Success Criteria: An ex–offender whom upon is released has chosen a good/productive citizen
pathway or is dedicated in helping others to follow the same path in advocating against violence and
crime would be a perfect example of success criteria.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Incarceration has been in existence since the early age of society; at the beginning it was being used
as a form of punishment in order to force the inmate to reflect on the consequences of his/her
actions. Basically, it was a way to incite the self–consciousness within in order to prevent the same
from occurring. At first, it was seen as a form of counseling. This practice was later

The Incarceration Of Prison Policy
Imagine spending 23 hours a day locked in a tiny concrete cell, smaller than some closets. There is
no human contact, no windows to look outside, and hardly anything to stimulate your senses. The
other 1 hour you will spend in recreation, which is nothing more than a cage outside, barely larger
than your room. There is no space to run, no view of the outside world. You'll never even see a blade
of grass during your stay. This is solitary confinement, something many say is a sentence worse than
death. In the United States today, there are over 80,000 prisoners currently in solitary confinement.
It was originally proposed as a rehabilitative means, however, it has been proven to cause more
damage than anything, ultimately provoking more violence and causing mental deterioration. Some
prisoners may even end up spending an entire life sentence in solitary confinement, which defeats
the purpose of rehabilitation. It is often viewed as a mere act of torture. According to the Prison
Policy Organization, "An estimated 56 percent of state prisoners, 45 percent of federal prisoners,
and 64 percent of jail inmates have a mental health problem" (Mental). Most inmates need help, not
to just be locked away and kept apart from the world. Many can, and will with the correct treatment,
function as a safe member of the community. As a society, we have come a long way in the area of
mental health and have become more humane in the way we deal with societal issues, such as crime,
and should

Description of Expectations of the Experience Essay
Description of Expectations of the Experience Next week I will be visiting the Ottawa County
Juvenile Detention Facility, a forty bed corrections and rehabilitation center that houses both boys
and girls ages eight to eighteen. I expect it to be very structured, and a very rigid schedule, and little
privacy for the delinquents. I'm thinking that there will be guards, in uniforms, but no guns, Tasers,
or batons. When I arrive on the detention complex grounds, there is going to be a fence with barbed
wire at the top, and I will have to check in through a gate with a photo ID, and my bag will be
searched, and I be expected to go through a metal detector. I will then be escorted into a lobby, with
Plexiglas windows and big steel doors, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ages of the juveniles at the center are from eight to seventeen, and occasionally a person
eighteen or nineteen. They handle all crimes committed by juveniles, including statuary offences.
Most offenders are in the center because of domestic violence, drug charges, sexual misconduct and
theft. Description of the Experience I was told to enter the smaller door on the left, which is what I
did, and I entered a small room, and I had to push a button and introduce myself and expressed my
business. I said, "my name is John Zekany, and I have an appointment with Lily Marx for an
observation and interview". I waited a few seconds, presumably so they could confirm my story.
Then a loud snap and the CLICK! The door was unlocked and I went into the very bare lobby, a
voice from another speaker said to wait in the lobby, and someone would come to get me. As I
waited in the lobby, the loud tick–tock of the clock was deafening. Somewhere in the distant I heard
a buzz then click, the unlocking of another door in the facility. I thought about these kids in there,
quite a few my age or younger, being away from their homes, not having any freedom, then I
snapped out of it, a group of boys in tan shirts, (I later learned this was pod 5, older boys ages 14–
17) walk by in single file. Each of them looked at me, with my notebook and iPad, dressed in a shirt
and tie, wondering to themselves "why is this other guy here?" I didn't

Moll Flanders: The Fortunes And Misfortunes Of The Famous
Moll Flanders or commonly known as The Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Famous
Moll Flanders Who was born in Newgate is a novel written by Daniel Defoe who is also known for
the novel Robinson Crusoe. One thing that we easily learn about her from her memos is that she
lived for around seventy years. Apart from her years of infancy, she was a whore for around twelve
years of her life. Then she got married five times and once she even got married to her brother.
Again, for a period of twelve long years she took the occupation of burglary. She was transferred as
a convict for eight years in Virginia. In the end, she took to an honest living and became rich and
died as a remorseful soul. First, we stumble upon the term theme. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Moll thought that anybody can fall in love with her because she was beautiful so she easily got
seduced by men from time to time. Moll thinks that she can easily find a suitor if she is beautiful
and wealthy. She thinks that she is very appealing and therefore she concludes that marriage is not
important for an individual. Then the to which we are introduced Moll Flanders is repentance. Moll
shows the desire to repent on many occasions, but it often seems forced. Until the end of the story
Moll's repentance seems insincere, although she does show moral strength. Another important
theme we come across in this novel is that of criminality. All the characters regardless of their age
get involved in illegal activities whether it is lying, thievery, adultery, murder, gambling, incest,
bigamy and prostitution. One of the main issues discussed in this novel is identity. As this novel has
been written in the 18th century, we find that no other person is versatile like Moll. In the beginning
of the novel itself we get to read about the versatile character of Moll. She has different identities
attached to her depending upon the situation. She plays the role of

Incarceration: Prison and Inmates
INTRODUCTION
Law enforcement officers are authorized by federal, state, and local lawmakers to arrest and confine
persons suspected of crimes. The judicial system is authorized to confine persons convicted of
crimes. This confinement, whether before or after a criminal conviction, is called incarceration.
Incarceration is one of the main forms of punishment for the commission of illegal offenses.
Juveniles and adults alike are subject to incarceration. Incarceration is the detention of a person in a
jail or prison. The federal, state, and local governments have facilities to confine people. Individuals
awaiting trial, being held pending citations for non–custodial offenses, and those convicted of
misdemeanors (crimes which carry a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Federal laws are those laws that are passed by the federal government and enforced by the U.S
.Government Agencies. These are laws against the federal government. The penalties may range
from long or short prison sentences in federal prison and may include fines. The federal prison
system is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, created by Congress in 1930 and administered
by the U.S. Department of Justice (Roberts, 1994). Federal inmates are those convicted of federal
offenses, such as kidnapping, bank robbery, and tax evasions, as well as various violent crimes and
drug violations. State laws are those that are passed and enforced by the state. They cannot
contradict the federal laws and apply only to that specific state. The state enforcement agencies also
have a duty to insure that federal laws are not being broken. Most criminal laws are state created
and penalties include fines and short or long prison incarceration. State prisons are operated state
officials, usually under the direction of a state commissioner of corrections (or secretary of
correction) who is appointed by the governor. State inmates are those convicted of criminal statues
enforced by that particular state. These penalties differ from state to state for like offenses.
Juvenile Incarceration
Another area of incarceration is juvenile delinquent incarceration. Juvenile delinquents are minors
that are charged with crimes

How Do Education And Work Programs Affect Recidivism?
"Prisoners have a variety of risk factors that make their transition to mainstream society more
difficult. For example, 40 percent of state prisoners and 27 percent of federal prisoners have neither
a high school diploma nor GED. By comparison, just 18 percent of the general population failed to
obtain a GED or high school diploma", Conis, Delisi (2013). Most convicted inmates typically don't
have any high education achievements prior to their convictions. In prison, inmates are revoked the
opportunities such as work, education and social contact from the outside world. They chose this
path by the actions they took to get them in a correctional facility. Prisons do offer education and
vocational programs to rehabilitate them while ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, I will discuss the importance of work and education in the corrections in a historical
perspective. I will review the different kind of education, work and vocational programs that the
prisons offer and theoretical explanations on why might the programs may affect recidivism. The
second section will deal with the research on the effectiveness of the programs in trying to cut down
the recidivism of inmates. I will then end with an explanation on why I think and research that
education and work programs help the inmates in and out of prison. How it affects their lives after
they are let out of prison and how it helps with social encounters. When sentenced to prison it is due
to a law that was severely broken. The judge does have remorse for convicted felon, they won't to
rehabilitate the inmate, not break down by any means. While incarcerated or in the community
offenders and juveniles participate in the programs that I provided earlier. Encouraging education
has its benefits inside and out. Research has shown that programs like getting their GED, basic
education and working within the prison are very effective in reducing the prevalence of committing
a crime again and increasing future employment. There are many components of correctional
treatment and education programs is a very important source of treatment. On a different page,
research has shown that work and life

Analysis Of Tom Jones And Moll Flanders Essay
The novels Tom Jones and Moll Flanders share a commonality, and showcase it in very similar
ways. That commonality is the pursuit of wealth, but at the same time it is also a discrepancy, which
is shown through how the story's title characters set out to obtain it, and their views regarding it.
Before we can divulge what our characters' view "wealth" as, we must grasp an understanding of the
term itself. Merriam–Webster's dictionary defines wealth as "the value of all the property,
possessions, and money that someone or something has." (Merriam–Webster) Wealth can also be
perceived in a spiritual sense, were one is content with their life and often has a strong relationship
with God. For our purposes here, I think it is safe to assume that our authors mean to use wealth in
its physical sense of possessions and dollar signs rather than enlightenment in their novels. Through
this work we will examine with evidence why love and money is equitable in these two novels. We
will also show why our protagonists are complete opposites of one another when talking about their
wealth. We will first examine our novels characters and their pursuit of monetary gain, starting with
Moll Flanders and it's protagonist of the same pseudonym. From the onset of the novel Moll is
always lusting after the carefree lifestyle. As a young girl Moll refuses to work when she is living
with her family. "At last one of them ask'd me what a Gentlewoman was? that puzzel'd me much,
but however I explain'd

Stamford Prison Experiment
1. What police procedures are used during arrests, and how do these procedures lead people to feel
confused, fearful, and dehumanized? The police used the art of surprise coupled with a lack of
information during arrests. The shock of the abruptness of the arrests, public embarrassment, as well
as being arrested at random times (especially in broad daylight) could all be labeled as contributing
factors that would lead the people to feel confused, fearful and dehumanized. The behavior of the
"prison staff" (informing the prisoners of their "serious offenses" and showering them to remove
their germs and lice) could certainly without a doubt cause the detainees to feel embarrassed and
confused. Not only would this be degrading for them, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The illusions began to come to life from the moment the inmates were being deloused and dressed
in their uniforms. All of the events that led up to their imprisonment conditioned them
psychologically. Also, the daily counts and ankle bracelets helped to further reinforce this. Like the
narrator said, whenever they would adjust themselves in their sleep, the padlock of the ankle
bracelet would hit their other foot and wake them, reminding them of where they were. This
combined with being jolted out of sleep to be "counted" would have a severe impact on ones
subconscious. What reality is 'supposed' to be to the inmates is held up in comparison to what is
actually going on in their environment. As for the implications in the poem, the author is stating that
within life, it is safe to say that generally speaking, death is the only certainty that we have. But for
some, realization of the reality of life would mean death for them. Applying this rationale to this
prison setting, the same questions are presented: in prison, is any illusion a form of freedom for the
inmates, or is freedom in general an illusion for them? 8. What is identity? Is there a core to your
self–identity independent of how others define you? How difficult would it be to remake any given
person into someone with a new identity? Identity is anything that can provide us with a way of
answering what we are. I believe that there is a core basis of

Gender Roles : Moll Flanders
Among countless disparities present in 17th century England, one of the most prevalent differences
was in gender roles. As a woman, Moll seemed to be troubled with more burdens and pressures than
men. What remained constant was having females be subordinate, no matter if they were in a
position of poverty or prosperity. This is why in Defoe's novel, Moll Flanders, the protagonist would
have experienced greater difficulty if she had been male. Nothing controlled a community more than
money so when men take the central role in a community they become in control of most of the
money. Women had their beauty while men had their assets. While Moll may have gotten blessed
with beauty and natural talent, she was never looked to as a provider for others and had the luxury
of being selfish with her wealth. From the git go we see the stereotypical characteristics of a female
emit empathy in another female. When Moll hides from the Gypsies in Colchester, Essex, she gets
the attention of one of the magistrates who is so moved with compassion she arrange for Moll to be
provided for. "...being not above three Years old, Compassion mov'd the Magistrates of the Town to
order some Care to be taken of me, and I became one of their own, as much as if i had been born in
the Place" (Defoe 8). While women's innocence and instinctual maternal reaction may have reached
the threshold for action, it's unfair to speculate she wouldn't have done the same be it a little boy.
Regardless, being a girl

Social Influence Of Crimes In The Late 19th Century
To historians, this era had rising sympathetic and humanitarianism sentiments. For instance, during
this time there were many people across the social spectrum that refused to prosecute crimes,
especially those crimes that could be considered petty (inex). This was done for a couple of reasons.
First being, the courts were very expensive. Further, people did not want to be responsible for
sending petty criminals to the gallows for crimes so small such as theft and shoplifting. Still, many
petty crimes made it to the gallows and criminals were hung before a large crowd of carnivalistic
citizens. The culture of these executions emerged within the specific social and cultural context of
the time. The early modern ideas of punishing the body and the crowds of people that went to
celebrate both aid ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These events filled the streets with many people making it difficult to move and the size of the
crowd with the combination of vehicles at the time proved to be catastrophic and have largely
negative affects on the economy (rog). With this, there was a transition between the public
executions being held at tyburn to a semi private execution at Newgate prison. During this time,
more justices felt that hangings as an example to the public amounted to massive state sponsored
murder. Additionally, there was a growing concern of the psychological effects of witnessing these
hangings had on the citizens (rog). Towards the end of the eighteenth century, only those who
committee serious crimes such as murder, highway robbery and significant theft were sentences to
hang. As a result, the majority of capital punishments were commuted to imprisonment and
transportation (unit 1). In the shift of social life, it was becoming increasingly self–evident that the
Tyburn executions were not deterring

The Success of Wemmick in Great Expectations Essay
The Success of Wemmick in Great Expectations
Wemmick provides a complicated, yet interesting separation of his home life and work life. His
home and work lives are as different in physical appearances as they are in personality differences.
Many of his home habits allow him to express his care and decency, which contrasts with his
mechanical work which lacks good value. Wemmick dedicates himself to separating the two so that
he may keep his virtues intact while he works in the filth of Newgate. Wemmick is alone in his
success of separation when compared to others such as Jaggers and Pip. Such dedication to keeping
good values alive gives Wemmick so much integrity that he immediately becomes a favorite
character.
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By applying his skills to working on the castle, Wemmick purges himself of the filth of Newgate
and restores his virtue. One last expression of Wemmick's happiness is "portable property".
Although it can be connected to the office, at home he creates a hobby of it, with odds and ends that
he shows to Pip. Hobbies are considered symbols of happiness. The castle not only keeps out the
world, but it also gives a means of expressing emotion by providing a canvass for Wemmick to
create his contraptions and work on the castle.
Wemmick's treatment of people is also completely different in Walworth. When firing the cannon
Wemmick tells Pip "it's the Aged's treat"(229). Also, in regards to the fountain, Wemmick says that
it pleases the Aged. Keeping the Aged happy is one of Wemmick's sources of goodness. Again,
when nodding at the Aged during Pip's introduction he asks, "will you tip him one more? You can't
think how it pleases him"(230). Lastly, Wemmick offers no apology for letting the Aged read aloud
"for he isn't capable of many pleasures – are you, Aged P?"(315). Wemmick indulges the Aged any
way he can to bring him happiness. In the office happiness is a stranger. Next, Wemmick decides to
help Herbert get a business partner. At first he says, "that's not my trade"(314), yet when Pip
reminds him that he is not in his trading–place, Wemmick agrees. This points out Wemmick's
dedication to complete separation of home and work life. He offers to go out of

Moll Flanders: Fact or Fiction
Moll Flanders: Fact or Fiction? Although Daniel Defoe endeavors to portray Moll Flanders as an
autobiography and convince readers that the sordid affairs of Moll actually occurred, readers can
find through the reading of his work that Moll Flanders is undoubtedly a completely fictional
character. It can be evidenced in the preface and mainly in the dichotomous nature of Moll that she
could not possibly be a real person and is just a fictional character. Defoe betrays the credibility of
Moll as a real person mainly through the extremeness of her seemingly ever–changing personality.
Instead of just having slight to medial shifts of ideas or character, Moll swiftly goes from one end of
the spectrum to the other. In the preface is the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So if she had failed in attracting a man of substantial monetary assets, she very well could have
exhausted her less–than impressive funds. It is not that Moll was physically unable to support
herself, because as can be evidenced in one of her previous quotations, she was quite skilled with a
needle and if she had been industrious she could have surely have found several (legal) methods
with which to support herself. No, it was Moll's complete change of attitude: from wanting and
knowing herself able to support herself then to not even considering supporting herself and
believing that the only way she can be taken care of is if she gets married to a man of well–endowed
funds. Moll's duel and completely contrary nature extends into her manipulations of people; and
men in particular. After her affair with the gentleman she met at Bath, Moll intends to put her assets
into a bank in order, perhaps, to take care of herself when she is introduced to the banker that was
recommended to her. Once she plays her part and realizes that the banker could be induced into
matrimony with her, she immediately starts manipulating him towards that end because he is quite
successful and wealthy. When the banker offers to marry her, but to abstain from living together and
from consummating their marriage until after he obtains the

Nature Vs Nurture In Moll Flanders
In a world where a private agreement of marriage counted as a legally binding arrangement, and it
was very easy to falsely accuse someone of a crime, or talk your way out of a sticky situation; it is
no wonder that Daniel Defoe wrote the crimes that Moll Flanders committed, in the novel Moll
Flanders, as a laughable adventure. From thievery to the thought of murder, Moll's actions were
inexcusable, but to Defoe, an example of what was wrong with crime and punishment at the time in
which Moll was alive. While a court did exist, and officers of the law did attempt to thwart criminal
behavior, there was something about how many criminals got away that DeFoe seemed to be
criticizing, while also seeming to celebrate Moll. This novel not only ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
She began her criminal rendezvous by stealing a package in which she claimed 'was calling to her to
take'. Eventually, she gets to the point where she is so well off from stealing that she could retire
from living a criminal life. Her criminality seems to give her an identity in life. She can no longer be
defined by the men she marries, so she must turn elsewhere. Moll never seems to truly find herself
within this novel, and her criminality seems to give her a façade to hide behind. When Moll claims
she is rich when marrying Jemy, this is another façade to hide behind. Overall, Moll's criminality
seems like a crutch she uses to navigate herself through society.
Moll, however, decides that the criminal life is for her, and does not stop. This is one way in which
the novel celebrates the criminal life that Moll is living. She has multiple opportunities where she
can get a real job, and support herself without stealing, but she does not. She could have become a
seamstress, but she maintains her sticky finger lifestyle. She even talks about how her fingers itch
for theft when she has not stolen for a substantial period of time. The novel also celebrates her
criminal activity during the episode in which she steals the horse. It is something completely
unnecessary in her life, and there is no situation presented that would justify her stealing the horse.
It seemed as though she attempted to do that just so she

How The Role Of Crime And Punishment Changed In The 1800s
Punishments for crimes has changed tremendously from the 1800s. Crime rates began to rise
because of an increase in population and wealth. Punishment has been around for thousands of
years. The law originally stated that only slaves were allowed to be punished, and was later changed
allowing free men to be tortured for committing crimes as well. The harsh punishments include,
people getting their dominant hand cut of for stealing, and people were also burned alive. Women
who committed adultery were drowned. Even the Catholic Church used torture to show they had
power regardless of whether the people were guilty. Crime and punishment in the 1800s is similar
and different from today because the crimes that are being committed have stayed the same where
as the punishments have changed drastically. Crime in the 1800s consisted of murder, manslaughter,
witchcraft, rape, and robbery. The policy back then was "guilty until proven innocent"(Medlin). This
means that even if someone was falsely accused of a crime, it would be hard for them to prove their
innocence. According to the article 19th century justice, in 1801 everything froze for thirteen weeks
and the number of families applying for support rose sharply. This caused a decline in job openings
and families began to break into houses close by in search for food and other necessities. Since these
families were not making money the punishments for their crimes were significantly worse than if
they had some money. According to

Moll Flanders And The Preface
The justifications made by the narrator of Moll Flanders and the anonymous author of the Preface
are not convincing because their claims are deceitful and appear to act in each individuals' own self–
interests. The narrator influences the story through unbelievable, and sometimes excessive,
explanations which control the readers' thoughts about Moll Flanders' choices and actions.
Similarly, the author of the Preface directs the attention onto the readers' judgements to defend the
novel. Both the narrator and the author of the Preface abuse their power as storytellers in attempts to
control the judgements of the readers and rationalize telling a story full of crime and wickedness.
The author of the Preface recognizes that the readers will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The beginning of the novel does not agree with the justifications made by the author of the Preface.
The readers soon discover that the story's narrator is unreliable, which makes it difficult to for "the
reader to have something of instruction" from the story because the narrator may be lying to obscure
the truth (author of Preface 5). The narrator, who goes by the "name of Moll Flanders", does not
expose herself (Defoe 7). When the novel begins she exclaims that "My True Name is so well
known in the Records, or Registers at Newgate, and in the Old–Baily....that it is not expected I
should set my Name" (Defoe 7). The narrator conceals her true name to the readers because she
recognizes that the proclamation of her name may result in an imprisonment for prior felonies. It is
at this blurred point of view of the narrator that readers start to doubt if the events in the novel are
true because they don't receive a genuine guide through the story. Instead, they are left with a
nameless raconteur that conveys a personal account without disclosing her true self. The author of
the Preface and the narrator exploit their power which, therefore, makes their justifications
unconvincing. Moll Flanders often provides a passionate rationalization for her bad behavior which
impacts the readers' emotions and causes them to feel remorse for her. Many times throughout the

Alice Molly's Farewell To America
Moll makes two major trips to America (specifically Virginia) during her story, but the rest of her
life takes place in Britain – and most of it in the big old bustling city of London. Moll is a huge fan
of that town, which she describes as "an expensive and extravagant place" (484). And we know how
much our girl likes expensive and extravagant things. Plus, her cons work much better in the big
urban center, where avoiding capture and blending in with all the hubbub are as easy as pie. For a
while, anyway. When she is finally caught, Moll enters the one place in London she finds totally
awful – Newgate prison, which she describes as a "horrid place."
But let's back up a bit and give ourselves a big dose of perspective. Consider this your warning that
a little history is ahead. Bear with us. Despite the fact that the book is published in 1722, at the end,
we're told that it was "Written in the year 1683," when Moll would be about seventy years old. That
means our girl would have been born in 1613 or so, which is around three years before everyone's
favorite Brit, William Shakespeare, died. If we go by the date Defoe says the book was "written,"
rather than the publication date, safely assume that the events of the novel take place squarely in the
seventeenth century. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yet, Britain's government and people were already in turmoil over their distrust of a Catholic ruler
in a Protestant

Moll Flanders Morality
Sweeping generalizations made against a subgroup of the population have never favored well within
a historical perspective. Countless wars and revolutions were fought to discredit generalizations
because they are often either societal racism, sexism, or other maliciously conceived fallacies.
While the Fortunes and Misfortunes of The Famous Moll Flanders and Company by Daniel Defoe
reflects many of the ideologies upheld by eighteenth–century social culture, the book also invokes
some startling theories. The most disturbing and widely respected synecdoche was that members of
the middle class are morally inferior to those in higher classes. While Defoe does allude to the
immorality of Great Britain's middle class, at several points within the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As an infant, her life path was quite distorted. Moll states the "first account that I can recollect, or
could ever learn of myself, was that I had wandered among a crew of those people they call
gypsies," a group of individuals that were widely looked down upon by the general public as thieves
and sinners (45). ] It is important to note, all of the misfortune that were recounted in the former
were not at the hand of Moll herself but instead at her mother's, yet her status in society was lower
because of them. In fact, Moll's lot in life had been damaged long before she could even develop a
moral standing. In a lucky twist of fate, Moll found herself in the care of a local parsonage where
she was placed in the care of a woman who taught her how to make a living for herself as a
seamstress. Individuals living in the middle class during the eighteenth century often had outside
pressures placed upon them that kept their social mobility stagnant; these outside pressures, coupled
with societal stereotyping, often lead to great resentment towards their oppressors. For society to say
that Moll was placed in the middle or lower class because of her inferior virtue is unfounded, and
this theme is reflected in Defoe's writing about Moll's early beginnings.
It is indisputable that Moll's moral standing changes drastically to reflect the stereotypical
immorality of her class, however, after some reflection, it is

Children of Incarcerated Parents
Effects on Children of Incarcerated Fathers Most of the prisons in America are overcrowded. They
are overcrowded with men, most of which are fathers and nearly half of these incarcerated fathers
were living with their child or children before going to prison. The effects on these children can be
detrimental. This can also cause strained relationships with the mothers or other family members
doing their best to take care of these children while their father is away. There can be social as well
as emotional problems, but luckily there are many states that are trying to accommodate for the
parent being gone with programs and camps for these children. Many social issues occur with a
child of an incarcerated father as they grow older. It is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When abruptly removing a child from their father is ignoring the emotional needs of that
child/children. They end up feeling vulnerable, alone, and frightened
While being a father in prison, it is still necessary to establish a parental connection with their son or
daughter. It has been said that it is most beneficial to have both parents in the child's life. They must
create their own role even though they are behind bars. A study showed that most incarcerated
fathers have feelings of "helplessness and difficulties in being a 'good father (Rosenburg 2009)."
There are many reasons why the fathers may feel this way. A lot of mothers refuse to bring the
children to a prison or jail, but a lot of mothers may have a problem with finances, transportation, or
time. There are strict rules and codes to follow when visiting a prisoner, so it would be difficult for a
child to act normally with their father. Waiting times can be long, children will be frisked, and
chances are it will be hot, dirty, and crowded. The caregiver may say that is emotionally scarring
and the visiting can have a bad influence on the child. When a father is sent away, he is not sent to a
prison in accordance with the family's home. For those that are close, they are lucky, but if a person
is in the state's Department of Corrections, they can be sent anywhere in the state. When these
fathers are taken away, the children receive little or no support on how to deal with

The As A New Way Of Telling Stories
The use of disguises in the arts has been around since the introduction of the theater. When
eighteenth–century Britain latched onto the concept in literature, it took on whole different
meanings. Disguises no longer had to be masks or wardrobe changes, they could be taking on
different personas or creating different characters. Disguises had become a staple in literature, and
authors were creating their own worlds with them. In "The Imperfect Enjoyment" by John Wilmot,
Earl of Rochester, disguises allowed him to create a persona for his work that allows readers to
separate the author from the persona. In Moll Flanders by Daniel Defoe, Defoe acts as both the fake
character of Moll Flanders and fake editor of her autobiography to create a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, once readers delve into the poem, the persona becomes even more apparent. The persona
in this piece exudes confidence, even in light of not being able to perform. While the persona
continues to get angry and frustrated over the situation, which Rochester writes in ("And rage at last
confirms me impotent,"), there is still the sense that the persona is disguising a confidence that
Rochester himself possesses (Rochester, 2206). For Rochester to take on this piece and create such
an elaborate persona, it shows his level of understanding of the poem, as well as his education, both
of which would give him reason to be confident. By employing this in the piece, it allows the
writers personality to come through, while still proving to readers that this is in fact just a persona.
The most confident aspect of the piece is Rochester's approach to the female companion. He
unconventionally gives her lines in the poem, such as "All this to love and rapture's due; / Must we
not pay a debt to pleasure too?", which not only creates the idea that the persona did not give up in
the poem, but that Rochester is confident in his ability to create something more powerful from the
Avid piece for his persona (Rochester, 2206). The persona created by Rochester in his work allows
him to explore subjects without readers linking them to him. Defoe is able to use disguises

The Digital Panopticon: Foucault and Internet Privacy...
The Digital Panopticon: Foucault and Internet Privacy
In 1977, Michel Foucault wrote in Discipline and Punish about the disciplinary mechanisms of
constant and invisible surveillance in part through an analysis of Jeremy Bentham's panopticon. The
panopticon was envisioned as a circular prison, in the centre of which resided a guard tower. Along
the circumference, individuals resided in cells that were visible to the guard tower but invisible to
each other.
Importantly, this guard tower was backlit, and therefore prisoners were unable to tell for certain
whether they were being watched or not at any given moment. Bentham championed the merits of
the panopticon, conceiving it as a grand tool of social progress wherein distractions ... Show more
He writes that the purpose of architectural design shifts in the 18th century from a physicality to be
seen into a physicality to facilitate the function of seeing, as demonstrated in the classroom, the
hospital, the prison, the insane asylum and the military barracks. As subjects begin to consider
themselves perpetually watched, they align their behaviour with the expectations of the (real or
imagined) observers. He writes, "it is the fact of being constantly seen, of being able always to be
seen, that maintains the disciplined individual in his subjection."2 For Foucault, to perceive that one
is seen is to be controlled, and to be controlled is to be trained.
This architectural metaphor does not go unrecognized by the modern panopticon's most prolific
whistleblower, Edward Snowden. In an interview with Glenn Greenwald in Hong Kong on June 6
2013, he says of the future of surveillance institutions, "it's gonna get worse with the next generation
and the next generation who extend the capabilities of this sort of architecture of oppression"
(emphasis added).3 For Snowden, as for Foucault, the architecture of a disciplinary mechanism,
whether restricted to physically enclosed places like prisons or spread out in a worldwide web of
digital interconnectivities, inheres oppressive observation. Humans generally behave differently
under conditions of anonymity and solitude versus publicity and surveillance; privacy is a condition
of life which

Moll Flanders Analysis
In Daniel Defoe's "Moll Flanders" we follow a woman named Moll throughout her life. She
encounters several serious situations, gets married five times, and has many children that she leaves
in the care of their fathers or paternal grandparents. As a society, the first emotion that comes to our
minds when we recognize these behaviors in a woman is disgust, after all, how could a woman
leave her children? However, if a man did the very same some readers wouldn't give it a second
thought. Defoe's story brings to light societal concerns regarding women in his time period and how
society should address them.
The key issue is the number of children Moll has and leaves behind. In total, she has 12 children by
the end of her story; three are dead, seven that are left with their fathers or grandparents, and two of
which are left unaccounted for. Only one does she ever reunite with and not until late in life. To
society, the question remains, why she didn't try her best to bring up and support her children from
her first husband. Scholars question whether it was due to her own abandonment as an infant and
lack of a motherly figure to teach her how to love her own children, they were nothing more than a
happenstance of sex, or if it was because she was never able to feel secure of her own basic needs
and thus couldn't think to take care of another's. Firstly, Moll was born in a prison because her
mother was a convicted felon. After six months, her mother was transferred to a

The Issues Of Prisons And The State

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