1. Corrections
ГџCorrections Review Questions Sept 22,2014
Corrections Imani Threalkill
1. How did the term corrections evolve from the earlier use of the term penology? Penology is the study of the use of punishment for criminal acts.
Penology emphasized the principal function of implementing punishment in the handling of criminal offenders after their sentencing. Corrections are
defined as the range of community and institutional sanctions, treatment programs, and service for managing criminal offenders. 2. What is the
mission of corrections? To protect society...show more content...
6. List the acts of Congress and describe their impact on the end of the Industrial Era of prison operations. Congress passed 2 laws, The Hawes–Cooper
Act in 1929 and the Amherst–summers–Act in 1935. These Laws limited the sales of prison made products on the open market. With this law passing
Prison made products on the open market. With this Law passing prison administrators had to find other ways to keep prisons to operate. 7. Describe
the rehabilitative era and the medical model of corrections, and explain how this era evolved into the re–integrative era. The rehabilitative era was an
era of prison management emphasizing the professionalizing of staff through recruitment and training and implementation of many self–improvement
programs of prison management. The medical model is a theory of corrections that offenders were sick, inflicted with problems that caused their
criminality and needed to be treated and that rehabilitative would resolve offenders' problems and prepare them for release into the community able to
be productive and crime free. The all resulted in a minor adjustment, which was the Reintegration was added to add emphasis on rehabilitation and
offered transitional care and includes the community in the medical model. 8. Identify and explain the five goals of corrections. 1.Punishment–the
correctional goal
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2. Essay Corrections System
When it comes to corrections, it is clear what their mission is and that is to incarcerate criminals, however it also ensures that those incarcerated
receive treatment to prepare them for reintegration and reentry into society. Ever since the creation of prisons, some wonder how we managed to
survive without them in the past. Unfortunately, we do have neither the resources nor the capital to incarcerate all who chose to engage in criminal
behavior. Utilizing other programs like probation are needed in order to accommodate those who wish to offend. According to McShane and Emeka
(2011) there is currently over 5 million probationers and parolees in the United States and these programs represents almost 70% of all who are under
criminal...show more content...
In an article by Grohs (2013) stated that:
...on May 23, 2013 the Supreme Court ruled that the conditions in the California prison system were so bad that they violated the Eighth Amendment
and the CDCR needed to reduce the prison population by 30,000 inmates.
The public is concerned because; some of those offenders will end up living among us in our neighborhoods. It appears like the Supreme Court
officials have forgotten that the offenders that they are releasing are criminals. Why are these officials willing to place a large amount of these
offenders that were convicted by the courts back into society and jeopardize our public safety? I am concerned that due to the high case load our
probation and parole officers face that many of these offenders will go unsupervised. Fortunately, ourcorrections system still continues to hire new
officer to help with probation and parole which are the two major programs that track and ensure most of these offenders are being supervised and
they also help with prison overcrowding. Probation has been part of our society for many years. Probation was first used as a rehabilitative and
supervisory tool to keep those low–level offenders out of jail. Today it is used as a strict supervisory tool that monitors offenders at home. Our
corrections system is constantly changing and
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3. Essay on History of Corrections
History of American Corrections
The corrections system in America began mostly with the arrival of William Penn and his "Great Law." This was back in 1682; the "Great Law"
was based on humane principals and also focused on hard labor as a punishment. The corrections system really began to take hold in North America
in the late 1700's with the idea's and philosophy of Beccaria, Bentham, and Howard. These philosophies were based on the thought that prisoners
could be treated and reformed back into society. This hard labor was used as an alternative to other cruel forms of punishments that were used in
earlier times such as physical abuse or even brutal death. In 1790 came the birth of the Penitentiary in Philadelphia. The...show more content...
"... incapacitation focuses on the characteristics of the offenders instead of the characteristics of the offenses"(Clear, Cole, Reisig). Rehabilitation is
more of a therapeutic method to help the criminal ditch crime and become a constructive member in society. "Rehabilitation involves teaching inmates
silks and trades that will, hopefully, give them a chance to become law–abiding citizens once they are released from prison" (Long). This method is
looked at as more of a treatment than a punishment, to guide the criminal to make better choices and live a better life. Restorative or Community
Justice is a fairly new concept. It is aimed more at repairing damages caused by the crime to the victim(s) and the community involved. In this
method the victim lays out conditions for the offender and what is necessary to help repair any losses. The community provides assistance to help
restore the offender to the community. Some say that this method can be dangerous and bypasses certain safeguards. The goals of corrections are
solid efforts to reduce crime. There are many improvements that could be made. As we learn and test these methods, they need to be fine tuned and
have the bugs worked out. If something isn't working in the appropriate way it needs to be addressed and refocused. I think that many of these goals
will become weak and maybe overlooked with the new AB 109 bill and other reforms currently taking place in California
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