Role Of Blacks In The American Revolutionary War Essay

Role of Blacks in the American Revolutionary War Essay
"And I hereby further declare all indented servants, Negroes, or others (appertaining to Rebels) free,
that are able and willing to bear arms, the joining of His Majesty's Troops, as soon as may be, for the
more speedily reducing the Colony to a proper sense of their duty, to this Majesty's crown and
dignity."
–– Lord Dunmore's Proclamation
The quote above is from the British governor of Virginia, Lord Dunmore who proclaimed freedom
for African American slaves who fought for the British, after George Washington announced there
would be no additional recruitment of Blacks in the Continental army in 1776. For numerous free
blacks and enslaved blacks, the Revolutionary War was considered to be an essential period in black
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It's clearly inaccurate to identify one precise reason to explain why the Revolutionary War began,
but there are correlating situations which would play key parts. The British Empire was much
isolated from the American colonies and the citizens residing in the United States had a desire to
orchestrate their own government. These lands contained an assortment of resources that were used
by the early colonists to generate revenue which resulted in many of them gaining more wealth than
people in Great Britain. Also, in an effort to reimburse their debts from prior wars with the French,
the British imposed "high taxes" on the American colonists which infuriated American colonists.
Such taxations eventually lead to events like the Boston tea party, which would soon after escalate
to the battle of Lexington and Concord (the first battles of the Revolutionary war).
With the commencing of American Revolutionary war and the colonies going to bat with their
superior country England, many African Americans found themselves embedded in the crossfire.
Together, slaves and free blacks watched the tension and debate between the two white groups, and
a larger question deemed as to where and how blacks would be utilized in war efforts. By 1775, the
war for sovereignty was underway and George Washington carried a heavy uncertainty about the
participation of blacks, which
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The Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison Essay
Racism is a social construct that has plagued America since its conception and is something that
continues to do so to this day. In America's earliest times racism presented itself in the concept of
slavery. When that was abolished it presented itself in the Jim Crow Laws and separate but equal.
Today racism presents itself in more discreet, sinister ways like mass incarceration, or the recent
rash of police shooting of unarmed black teenagers. However, the most sinister way that racism
affects us today and the way it infects those in Toni Morrison's novel The Bluest Eye is the
importance that is placed on the all–American family and how this excludes African Americans.
Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye details how American ideals often contradict with the reality of
what goes on in America and how vast the difference is between the two especially when it comes to
race. In The Bluest Eye there are two principle families there is the Breedlove family, and then there
is the family of the narrator, Claudia. Both the families were black, they were of the same
socioeconomic status, they lived in the same area, and they both were grappling with the
Eurocentric ideas of beauty that presented itself in the 1940s. However, there is one principle
difference, while Claudia's family is filled with love, support, and the overall care that is expected in
a family dynamic, the Breedloves have none of this. Claudia had a mother who took care of her
when she was sick, a father who was outraged

Development Of Hybrid Colonial Architecture
Colonial architecture is a combination architectural style of a country that has been adapted from the
other countries characteristics, methods and influences. The colonists built settlements and create
hybrid designs that include their countries of origin with the design styles. Europeans came to
Southeast Asia during 16th century. The colonial vision was effectively imposed on Southeast Asia.
At the beginning of the 20th century, most of the Southeast Asia countries were controlled by the
British, Dutch, French and the Americans. Under this colonial rule, the late 19th and early 20th
centuries was a period of fast development of such as new architectural styles, modern construction
methods and techniques, railways, roads, etc. They changed the configurations, construction and
methods to make the buildings more sustainable and maintained.
This essay focuses on the development of hybrid colonial architecture in early 20th century in
Southeast Asia. The essay investigates the different styles of buildings in different locations and
explains how these types of architecture combined both European and local origins. It explains the
Dutch style in Indonesia and the British style in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur/Malaysia while
giving an example building to these styles.
–The Dutch style in East Indies/Indonesia: The church at Puhsarang
–The British

Captives And Voyagers Analysis
In Captives and Voyagers, Alexander X. Byrd argues that the three movements of black migrants,
whether free or enslaved, to Sierra Leone and Jamaica comprised of a cultural and social
transformation unique to black migrant society, catalyzed not only by the prime transatlantic
journeys of each group, but also by their preceding multi–leveled passages leading up to their
voyage and settlement. Byrd further exemplifies the notion that the African diaspora in black
migration to Sierra Leone and Jamaica inescapably intertwined with the British empire. The violent,
arduous, and dehumanizing passage of captives from the hinterland to the Biafran littoral alienated
the slaves from their former culture and home. Prevalent in the interior, deracination deprived the
enslaved of their own identities which led, more often than not, to the formation of kinship between
captives; ties of which were rooted in the common struggle of enslavement. Byrd alludes to these
ties by stating that "captives were in a state of marginality, their old senses of place, self, and
identification enfeebled and new ones yet to be fully determined" (Byrd 26). Such need for a unique
identification of a marginalized group of people led to many identifying as Igbo. Byrd goes on to
claim that life on the ship further fueled the process of becoming Igbo. In his own words, "the slave
ship was a forcing house of social change" (Byrd 56). The deprivation, violence, morbidity, and high
mortality rates experienced in

How Did The Revolution Affect The Outcome Of The American...
IN 1763 the British ended its long war on the north American continent and had a massive wartime
debt. The British needed to try to shift some of the cost of protecting and defending the colonies to
the colonist. American resisted various taxation the British parliament began to resist the taxation
acts passed by the Parliament like the Sugar Act of 1764 and the stamp act of 1765.When the
Parliament taxed America without having any American sitting in the Parliament they began to rally
against it saying no taxation without representation and thousands joined the revolutionary
movement. In Virginia the Revolutions rhetoric of freedom unified all classes of whites which
tightened the grip on blacks. The American paradox called for freedom of ... Show more content on
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Washington's response to British letting black enlist was to partially revise his earlier policy and
allow free blacks who have previously served in the military to join again. General Clinton's
proclamation was that the slaves that served with the patriots were to be sold if captured and those
who sought refuge with British were to be protected. Many blacks were running away to fight for
British and win their own freedom or to ally with Patriots and win freedom for their country and
themselves. Over 5000 African Americans served in the cause for independence. There were many
distinguished black soldiers who served. By the end of the war a motion was set in effect to change
the status of American blacks. In 1783 Virginia legislature granted freedom to all slaves who served
in the war. Manumission and antislavery societies grew after the war. The Vermont state constitution
of 1777 outlawed slavery and 1783 the Massachusetts courts weakened the institution of slavery
beyond recovery. High profile people began to speak out against slavery. Patriot soldiers were set
free once enlistment at the end of their service. In the North states began to adopt laws to abolish

The War Of Virginia And The Slave Exchange
The early nineteenth century was a spiral for virginia and the slave exchange as a whole. The British
were a huge power in the scare of Virginia and the country as a whole. Their freedom efforts worried
plantation onwners and the common people. But the most feared were the internal enemy. Taylors
book the internal enemy is actually the houndreds of thousands of slaves that were residing in the
south at the time. The fear of these two enemies almost drove Virginians mad. At the start of the
revolution british ships would dock and collect slaves in exchange for their freedom. The promise of
freedom drove many indentured servants to run in exile to the british, leaving everything behind,
even their families. For enslaved Blacks with an eye toward freedom the war offered several
options: they could fight for the U.S., run away and seek freedom among the Native Americans or
join His Majesty's service. Many chose the latter, convinced that a British victory would hasten the
end of slavery. The British nurtured that belief to some extent, and promised the slaves free
emigration to British colonies in Canada and the West Indies in exchange for their service. During
the revolution nearly 6000 slaves fled Virginia to join the british. This did not work out too well for
both sides. The British were not equipeed enough to deal with so many slaves, thus their promise of
freedom was broken. Out of the 6,000 slaves only a marginal 2,000 say freedom. The rest had either
died

Historical Influences In To Kill A Mockingbird
When reading books, readers will occasionally find that some books will have historical influences
in them. In the book To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee there are three different historical
influences. Lee used real life historical events in her book To Kill A Mockingbird to help make her
story more Inspirational. The three different historical influences that Lee used were mob mentality,
Jim Crow laws, and the Scottsboro trial. The first historical influence in Lee's book is the Jim Crow
laws. Jim Crow are the rules set upon black people to take their rights away. White folk thought that
they needed Jim Crow because they wanted to remain superior. White folk also believed that they
were the chosen ones. A few examples of Jim Crow are that black people could never say that a
white person was lying, even if they were. Black people had separate, hospitals, ect. If there was any
sexual interactions between a black and a white person it was illegal. These are just a few of the
unfair laws, but if they broke one of these laws the punishments were unimaginable. The whites
believed that violence must be used to keep the whites superior, and the blacks were arrested for
crimes they didn't do. If a black person disobeyed one of the Jim Crow laws they would risk their
jobs, homes, and their lives. One of the worst punishments when a black person would disobey one
of the laws were Lynchings. Lynchings were public murders that were sadistic and hosted by
mobs(Pilgrim). The

Rhetorical Analysis Of Brent Staples's Black Men And...
A Curse, Placed by Society In today's American society, being born black is often life threatening
and comes with many struggles and fears. The author Brent Staples visibly demonstrates the
presence of black men, in his article "Black Men and Public Spaces". Staples illustrates to the
readers how black men attempt to live their lives as normal as possible, but are unable to because of
the fear society has of them. Brent Staples attests to the turbulent lives black men face in society,
from their childhood to an adult age. Staples is able to demonstrate the various issues black men
face in society with the use of logos, ethos, and pathos. Staples wrote using various examples of
logos to illustrate the struggles he and other men have faced having been born black and being
perceived as dangerous by society. Staples described a personal experience where "One day, rushing
into the office of a magazine I was writing for with a deadline story in hand, I was mistaken for a
burglar... and pursued" (Staples, 185). Staples is informing the readers of a real life event that
personally happened to him. He is specifically giving examples of how he has to face racist acts
towards him because of how others perceive his actions. "Before an interview I entered a jewelry
store ... the proprietor excused herself and returned with an enormous red Doberman pinscher
straining at the end of a leash" (Staples, 185). There are no factors in play that might have made him
seem dangerous yet, he was practically chased out by a dog. By telling the readers of the
experiences he has faced being black he is able to demonstrate events that are real and not only part
of his own opinion or thoughts. Staples does not only demonstrate the issues with racism he has
faced. He also demonstrates times when others have been discriminated against unfairly. A reporter
was working on a murder case, when police mistook him for the murderer, and dragged him from
his car at gunpoint. Only having his press credentials as evidence that he was innocent (Staples,
185). He isn't only giving valuable personal evidence of how he has faced unfair racism, but he also
describes the lives of other black men. He does not convey events of him being judged

The Psychological Identity Of Black Children During The...
Mamie P. & Kenneth B. Clark
Allison Taylor
EDG 6627: Foundations of Curriculum & Instruction
Dr. Agosto
September 19, 2015
Mamie P. & Kenneth B. Clark
Biographical Information
Mamie Phipps and Kenneth Bancroft Clark are best known for their "doll studies," and the use of
their findings regarding the effects of racism on the psychological identity of black children in the
historic Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas case, which lead to the determination
that separate but equal education for black students was unconstitutional. Mamie Phipps Clark was
born April 18, 1917 to a middle class doctor from Hot Springs, Arkansas (Gibbons & Van Nort,
2009, p. 29). Because of her father's status, she had a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
30).
Kenneth Bancroft Clark was born July 24, 1914 in the Panama Canal Zone to parents of Jamaican
and West Indian descent (Kennedy, 2015). Like his wife, Kenneth Bancroft Clark also attended
Howard University and then Columbia University where he would become the first black man to
earn a Ph.D. in psychology (Kennedy, 2015). While at Columbia University, he was associated with
Gunnar Myrdal, a Swedish economist known for both his study of race relations and his
contributions to desegregation in the United States (Larson, 2014). Both Clarks are tied to the Civil
Rights Movement and their work is aligned with the social reconstructionist curriculum ideology of
the time period. Both Clarks define the ideal of what W.E.B. Du Bois (1903) hoped to achieve with
his Talented Tenth in that both pursued the highest levels of education and then sought to use that
education as a means of improving the lives of black people, particularly black children. Kenneth
Bancroft Clark was committed to the promotion of social action and believed that change needed to
occur in the behavior of both white and well as black people (Freeman, 2008, p. 419).
Theoretical Information
The psychological work of both Clarks is focused in the area of racial identity among black youth
(Gibbons & Van Nort, 2009, p. 29). They sought to provide evidence of the detrimental effects of a
society where social norms are biased toward white culture. Though the Clarks are most widely
recognized for their

Slavery, Abolition and the South
ESSAY QUESTION #3 – How did slavery impact the economic and political development of the
southern colonies and later the southern states? What were conditions like for slaves in the southern
U.S.?
Prior to the use of slavery in the southern colonies they were experiencing a shrinking workforce,
because their laborers were mainly indentured servants. Indentured servitude was a form of debt
bondage for white and black contract laborers who were obligated to serve a master for a number of
years, and they were then set free. Each side was legally obligated to these terms and it was enforced
by the American courts. Slavery offered the colonists lifelong labor from each slave and the
economic benefits were enormous. Slavery was very profitable for the southern colonists. The
Blacks were much easier to enslave than the Native Americans. The Native Americans were already
on their own land and the whites had established their own European culture in this land. The Blacks
were stripped of their culture and their land. The main political developments for this time period
affected the Blacks in a negative way. They were not to be considered human so they had no legal or
civil rights. There were laws created to enforce cruel and sometimes deadly punishments on slaves
that resisted the harsh treatment put upon them; laws that had an effect on the Black slaves like the
ones started in Virginia, that declared that all White men were superior to Black men. This enabled
them to separate the

The Importance Of British Imperialism In Britain
The British empire, as well as many others, were diminishing, during the post–war era. The focus of
this essay is to answer the question debating the relevance of British imperialism on immigrants
who enter the United Kingdom during the post–war period. In summary, the answer that will be
provided is that imperialism was the main contributor to pulling people towards Britain, yet it was
not the only one. On the other hand, the imperial status had no relevance on all the immigrants, and
this also will be discussed. Between the years of 1948 and 1962, it has been estimated that 500,000
immigrants from the British Commonwealth entered the United Kingdom. This essay will
concentrate on these years and these immigrants, as 1948 saw the opening ... Show more content on
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This was the ship that transported passengers from Commonwealth countries to Britain. The
passengers on board the Empire Windrush were predominately Jamaicans; but there were other
nationalities of Australians, Mexican, Polish, and other people from the Caribbean islands. The
docking of the Empire Windrush was a watershed moment, as Kushner explains that, on one side
was the empires' end, while on the other was a revision of what British meant. The age of the empire
was when those living in Britain embarked on gaining territories for economic and prestige reasons,
spreading civilisation. However, since the end of the Second World War, colonies were demanding
independence, yet, for some who gained this independence, they still wanted some sense of British
influence. This was the beginning of the British Commonwealth. As the Phillips brothers point out,
however, prior to the Windrush arriving in Britain in 1947, there was a black population able to trace
their lineage back a few centuries. Additionally, during the Second World War, about ten thousand
West Indian men arrived in Britain, which was more than the entire pre–war black population.
Hence, Britain was not new to having a black population, the problem was the numbers of this
population was increasing uncontrollably. Many of these passengers from the Commonwealth came
to Britain because of its imperial importance on their countries.
After the war, Western European countries experienced a labour shortage,

Essay On Oppression In America
In a capitalist world, a person can find themselves under various forms of oppression depending
upon what kind of identity they have. A person can be poor, outside of the normative religion,
outside of the normative race, or outside of the normative perceptions of what success can look like.
The struggle to survive and overcome the oppression of these implicit and explicit norms is
liberation.
However, individuals occupy more than one identity. There are black men, native women, rich
people of color, poor immigrants, and gay, middle–class, black people. Each of these multiple
identities experiences their own forms of oppression. Intersectionality is when social categorizations
and their implications meet together to create new types of oppressions ... Show more content on
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He saw the levels of incarceration, and the lynchings, and spoke about them. However, he
recognized the extra level of discrimination that was faced by black women. "The most disrespected
woman in America, is the black woman. The most un–protected person in America is the black
woman. The most neglected person in America, is the black woman" (Who Taught You To Hate
Yourself).
Though he was subject to the torment of being a black man in America, he saw that his male traits
may have offered him some protections in comparison to his feminine counterparts. To some extent,
he saw that despite his own experiences, he had privileges conferred on him because of his gender.
This is where the single–axis fails to describe a type of oppression that affects a large population of
people.
One of the biggest critiques of modern feminism is that it does not address the specific oppressions
that come from being a black woman in America. While it is often held that women are paid 78
cents on the dollar compared to men doing the same job, that number is even more disparate when
combining racial factors (http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0882775.html). That number is what
white women make. Black women earn 64 cents on the dollar for the same roles as their white male

Effects Of Imperialism In 1914
1. Introduction: The British Empire
An important feature of the Queen Victoria's reign was the rise of imperialism in United Kingdom.
The United Kingdom and the territories under its control reached its greatest expansion in the 19th
and 20th century, during the Victorian Era.
Between 1815 and 1914, many territories of the world, such as Canada, India Australia or many
parts of Africa, were added to the British Empire, which brought many negative repercussions for
the rest of the globe (for instance, the empire created class and wealth divisions in England).
The British Empire in 1914
One negative consequence of the British expansion, which I am going to explain briefly in this
project, is the racial oppression that non–white people suffered mainly because of the English
conquest of their territories: British people thought that they were the best race ... Show more
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British people thought that social classes were the result of personal achievement and aptitude.
The separation of classes was significant because each person had to keep to their assigned place in
society:
''The English poor man or child is expected always to remember the condition in which God has
placed him, exactly as the negro is expected to remember the skins which God has given him. The
relation in both instances is that of perpetual superior to perpetual inferior, of chief to dependent,
and no amount of kindness or goodness is suffered to alter this relation.'' (Lévi–Strauss 285)
However, as mentioned above, not only non–white people were treated with contempt in the
Victorian Age. In the nineteenth century, a lot prejudices towards the Irish began to arise: they were
an example of a inferior evolutionary form of the human

Not For All The Tea
"Not for all the tea in China" is a popular phrase in the Victorian era. When Britain prevailed tea, the
most of the tea was from China. Thus, if I give all the Chinese tea to you and you do not want it, this
can tell how determined you are. American writer Sarah Rose wrote a book named "For All the Tea
in China" describes a period of time in the mid–1800s how the British Empire stole tea from China.
The main character Robert Fortune was hired by the East India Company to steal the secrets of tea
horticulture and manufacturing. The Scotsman donned a camouflage and headed into the Wu Si
Shan hills in a bold act of corporate espionage.
In the early 19th Century, Britain 's dependence on Chinese tea was caused trade deficit. Britain and
China are conflicting the viewpoint of justice trade in the foreign nationals. Thus, before the war
start,England provided China with opium, grown in India. so then East India Company ship opium
to China; China provided England with the tea. The East India Company though if they know–how
to plant the tea, they could produce tea in India instead. The problem was that the best tea all came
from China, and the Chinese tea growers were the only ones who truly knew how to make it good.
Thus, to accomplish this task, Scottish botanist Fortune (Robert Fortune) put on Chinese clothing ,
hired a Chinese coolie attendant, went deep into the Chinese interior, to the best green tea– and
black tea–growing areas of the country, and stole tea plants,

Long Term Effects Of Imperialism In South Africa
In the second half of the 19th century, most African countries faced the aggression of the European
imperialism. All African countries were colonized except for Ethiopia and Liberia. South Africa was
one of the main countries that faced imperialism. The Boers, also known as the Dutch descendents
or Dutch farmers, were the first to colonize South Africa in 1652. Later on, the British came and
took Cape Colony from the Dutch in 1795. The British at first mainly wanted to colonize South
Africa as it helps her to trade with India by its route. South Africa's temperate climate, natural
resources, and massive minerals attracted Europeans to take it over. Also, South Africa has a
strategic geographical location as it's located at the center of the ... Show more content on
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There were many important positive effects. First of all, there was a huge advance in agriculture.
Early, when the Dutch settled in South Africa, they taught South Africans new farming techniques
that would increase their production. The Dutch, being specialized in farming, introduced new
farming tools to South Africans. The discovery of gold helped the British use gold efficiently as they
made different kinds of jewelry which increased the economy enormously. The British bought many
African slaves to work in the mining industry but this helped them learn new techniques that would
increase their production and resources. The British has actually improved the education in South
Africa. Nowadays, we see British systems in South Africa that are still helping South Africans to
become successful in their lives. The employment rate is increasing and increasing. On the other
hand, there were also negative impacts. The main negative impact is racial discrimination. The
starting of feuds between blacks and whites in the colonization of South Africa are still happening
today in South Africa. Economic exploitation is also a negative impact. The British are still taking
goods and resources from South

The Rebellion Of The Jamaica
On October 11, 1865, Paul Bogle and a group of free blacks marched into Morant Bay protesting a
local trail, which resulted in a full–scale uprising that caused deaths and destruction. Free blacks had
economic troubles and little to power in colonial society because of their limited access to resources.
By July 8, 1865, the Jamaica Guardian captured the people's discontent with Governor Edward John
Eyre, who served as British official on the island. In this message of discontent, the people call for
his removal because of his "weak, vacillating, and undignified" character and conduct. The people
became quite discontent with the British official because of his actions regarding the Morant Bay
Rebellion. He responded to the rebellion with force and violence by declaring martial law in Surrey
County and accused George William Gordon, a free black businessman, of being part of the
rebellion that led to death. This whirlwind of events caused many to question Eyre's leadership and
led to the establishment of the Jamaica Committee, a group of men from England. This group
wanted to imprison the governor for his actions, but their actions led to his removal from office.
This event created much havoc and chaos in England and Jamaica because it disturbed the British
masses, which questioned the effectiveness of colonial rule after the Sepoy Munity of 1857. The
cases received a large amount of political and public attention because two schools of thought
existed in the debate. One

Explain The Thing That Unified The Colonists With Britain
1)The thing that unified the colonists with Britain is by having the same culture. The British
colonists thought that they had similar culture with their mother land despite the fact that he was
half way across the world. British were taxing colonists on everything. On import and export goods.
That was the reason that divided them at the time of revolution. 2) In the 18th Century revolution
war the British and the continental armies moved black people into position for military action as
recruits. George Washington first didn't want blacks in their army but they changed their mind after
British hired blacks for their military. There was an opportunity of freedom given for the blacks who
joined both armies and many were promised payment. So

Oh, To Be A Black Woman In America. When I Entered College
Oh, to be a Black woman in America. When I entered college my interest consistently gravitated
into the African American courses, since I wanted to learn more about my ancestors and my cultural
history. The course name alone completely captured my attention and I could not pass up the option
for this to be one of my elective classes this semester. Prior to this course, I had not taken a class
that was centered around my gender or race. Therefore, I had hoped to learn more about the internal
and external challenges of being a Black woman in America. Throughout weeks of captivating
classroom lectures, intense readings, and additional coursework this class has surpassed my
expectations, and I am not the same young woman that I was when this ... Show more content on
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Contrastingly, I did not have that same impactful experience when we covered Shapeshifters by
Aimee Meredith Cox. Shapeshifters was introduced towards the end of the semester although, I
understood Cox's central claim, I had difficulty correlating the individualistic stories of the women
in the Fresh Start program to the overall purpose of the book. Class discussions helped slightly, but
we did not have the opportunity to thoroughly examine the detailed stores in class, therefore I was
slightly confused on most of Cox's philosophies. I believe the confusion stemmed from the short
amount of time that we spent on discussing Shapeshifters in class. Therefore, most of the theories
seemed like a blur, and to fully retain the important points presented in Shapeshifters I would need
to reread the book on my own time to fully understand the content.
Nevertheless, I learned a massive amount of critical information in this class. Beforehand, I was
slightly acquainted with problems pertaining to being Black and on being a Woman. Yet, I never
thought about how the two can be interrelated. As odd as it may sound, since I am Black and a
Woman I never realized the intertwined confliction based on those two social identities. Kimberle
Crenshaw's video on Intersectionality introduced me to a new

Confederate Women During Wartime Of American Consciousness
Confederate Women in Wartime In the American history, Civil War takes one of the prominent
places due to the significance of it role in formation of American consciousness. The Civil Was of
1861–1865 identified the directions that the nation would take in the future development. Still,
despite the importance of this event in the history of the United States, its impact on different
spheres of human lives is commonly given less attention than necessary for understanding of the
future changes in the American mentality. Specific interest is presented with the question of roles of
women during wartime, and especially Confederate women. Given the simple fact that men were all
gone to war, women were presented with the pressing need to deal with the things they have never
took part in, pushing them into public life and making them the central cell of the society instead of
their fathers, brothers and husbands. With this, the ideology of domesticity that was present before
the Civil War in Confederate women had to change under the pressure of new circumstances. This
has put the beginning for the future equalization of rights of men and women and the fight for it that
women gradually came to understand the need for. With the flow of war, there were several major
tendencies that are generally corresponded with women of the time. The most important of them is
the changing of roles they had to switch to in order to substitute missing men. While women were
previously presented with the

The Republic of Zimbabwe
The Republic of Zimbabwe, formerly known as Southern Rhodesia under British colonial rule,
obtained independence in February of 1980 through free parliamentary elections, formally
recognizing the country of Zimbabwe as an independent sovereign state. The orchestrators of the
revolutionary rebellion of Black Zimbabweans against minority rule were the two major African
nationalist groups: Zimbabwean African National Union (ZANU), lead by Robert Mugabe, and
Joshua Nkomo's Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), both political organizations with the
goal of African independence and each with a military wing to assist in accomplishing the goal of
independence. The ZANU and ZAPU military wings unified as the Patriotic Front (PF) in 1974 to
wage a guerilla war for independence against the British colonial powers. The revolution sought not
only majority rule opposing the colonial minority rule of the white Rhodesians and importantly
seeking reconciliation, which inspired aspirations throughout Southern Africa as a model of
governance change post–colonial era into forming a true democracy based on equal political and
economic rights. After the 1980 elections, Robert Mugabe was elected the first Prime Minister of
Zimbabwe as executive of the newly formed democratic government and the goal of democratic
reform seemed imminent. Southern Africans (Southern Africa is the geographical region of
southernmost Africa that consist of the countries of Zimbabwe, South Africa, Mozambique,

The Intersection Of Social Movements And Art
The intersection of social movements and Art is one that can be observed throughout the civil right
movements of America in the 1960's and early 1970's. The sixties in America saw a substantial
cultural and social change through activism against the Vietnam war, women's right and against the
segregation of the African – American communities. Art became a prominent method of activism to
advocate the civil rights movement. It was a way to express self–identity as well as the struggle that
people went through and by means of visual imagery a way to show political ideals and forms of
resistance. To examine how a specific movement can have a profound effects on the visual art, this
essay will focus on the black art movement of the 1960s and ... Show more content on
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Secondly, observing the work of Emma Amos who was the only women within the spiral group.
Romare Bearden, started his artistic career being an abstractionist, however the civil right movement
had an impact on his art which lead him to the creation of the group called spiral. With the help of
other black artists, Bearden sought to reflect how they could portray their connection to the civil
right movement through their arts as a racial group minority. Ralph Ellison (1977), mentions the
anachronism of the American social experience of minority artists which could then be used to
understand the motivation behind the art of Bearden. This anachronism refers to; "The imbalance in
American society which leads to a distorted perception of social reality, to a stubborn blindness to
the creative possibilities of cultural diversity, to the prevalence of negative myth, racial stereotypes
and dangerous illusion about art, humanities and society." (Ellison: 1977 : pp.673) It is then argued
that many artists are often majorly influenced by the power of this anachronism, as their culture as
well as the freedom of representing their self identity through aesthetic technique of self expression
that are already existing. This, then restrict their attempt to seek change of the complex social
situation they experience. Meanwhile, it is said that Bearden attempt not to follow the anachronism
in is art by transforming it into a component of art as a mean of personal vision (Ellison:

The Development of New Ethnic Identities such as Black...
The Development of New Ethnic Identities such as Black British or British/Asian When referring to
British Asians, the majority of us often fall into the trap of understanding the Asians referred to are
linked to the Indian Subcontinent, i.e. India, Pakistan etc. What we tend to forget is that Asians are
associated with a number of different countries and with Asia being the largest continent in the
world, what exactly is meant by the term 'British Asians?' Generally, here in Britain, they are
perceived to be the 'brown' kind and are often associated with the Indian subcontinent. This may
seem like a genuine error, but colloquially speaking we have come to accept this fact and refer to it
commonly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those that the criticising Asians believe have been prompted by western society and essentially 'the
white man'. And whichever Asian that may follow in the footsteps of such traditions and ideologies
is known as a 'coconut', brown on the outside, white on the inside. It appears that British Asians
have adopted the culture of the host country and have assimilated into this society quite clearly. This
can be argued to be a intentional by some members of the Asian community and others may well
suggest it is an unintended consequence of living and growing up in Britain. Such a term has
gradually eroded and faded from the minds of the people that used it commonly. It seems that
nowadays a new type of culture has emerged and that British Asians a have now integrated into
British Society and are now more or less 'at home' and come to terms with who they are and what
they believe. But to what extent is this true? Are Asians still the reserved people they once were or
are they breaking free from the confines that they themselves had created and developed keeping
morale's preserved just as they have been on the other side of the world? But how far can one go in
actually accepting the fact that the majority of Asians have adopted and amalgamated into the
western society to a

The Black Of The Society
Is this week's readings we discuss black public intellectuals. This is examined in different was. Nada
Elia's Cornel West's Representations of the Intellectual: But Some of Us Are Brave? discusses black
intellectuals place within society. She begins by stating that she will be disproving the perception of
Cornel West. West believes that "there are (only) two organic intellectual traditions in African–
American life: the Black Christian tradition of teaching and the Black musical tradition of
performance" (Elia, 336). This, in West's opinion, leaves the black intellectuals left out of the black
community, even though many of them aspire to use their education to alleviate problems within the
black community. Elia's mentions her understanding of the black "community" in which she
believes this community doesn't exist. This "unity" is overly imagined. While the black community
has come together to achieve goals, it is usually during time of crisis. Black people have come
together for the greater good and have merely put their differences a side during these times. Elia
goes on to give examples of this such as Malcolm X and Martin Luther King (Elia, 337). West point
of view is described as apocalyptic. He truly believes that there were more black intellectuals back
then and that it was better for them back then. Elia disagrees with this and utilizes the opinions of
other scholars, such as bell hooks, to do so. One of the main points the author brings up is how West
feels isolated

Racism In Othello Research Paper
Racism in the play, Othello
Is a playwright being racist if they write a black character as a tragic hero? In William Shakespeare's
play, The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice, the main character Othello is black and a
powerful, respected leader. Tragically, Othello regresses to become a jealous monster who murders
own wife. Shakespeare seems to be ambiguous about if he sees Othello as virtuous or evil. If one
observes closely, Shakespeare seems to be both sympathetic and racist toward Othello by displaying
his noble and base qualities. At first, Shakespeare seems to be sympathetic toward Othello. By
describing Othello as a well respected general in Venice, an eloquent speaker and a prominent
figure, Shakespeare shows his respect and sympathy for Othello. Near the end, Othello reminds
them "I have done the state some service, and they know't" (5.2.339). He has obviously provided
assistance to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We see this when Othello recognizes he is different: "Rude am I in my speech, / And little blessed
with the soft phrase of peace" (1.3.81–82). As an eloquent speaker, it is strange that he apologizes
for being uncouth. We see that Othello is aware and self–conscious that people have negative
preconceptions about black people. The fact he views himself as an outsider shows there was
negative prejudice against black people during that time. Othello both seems willing to submit to the
discrimination of society and self–deprecation of himself. His insecurities about his race seem to
lead him to his downfall. When accepts that he is alien to society because of his racial difference, it
seems to lead him to easily believe Desdemona would leave him. Shakespeare appears to be racist
when presenting Othello as an outsider as it insinuates black people are not part of

Chris Ofili Research Paper
In the second chapter of this dissertation it will focus on the work of Manchester born and black
artist Chris Ofili. Most known for his experimentation with elephant dung, Ofili communicates a
humorous and rather stereotypical reaction to how an African man 'should' be painting, "You don't
exist, unless you start to build yourself up, and start to work" (Ofili 2010). There was much
comment about Ofili becoming the first black contemporary artist whose name and work was known
to a wider British public.
Ofili, compared to Yinka Shoniabre, has never abandoned the idea that notions of race and identity
are important factors within his artwork, Ofili quite simply understands that playing along side his
stereotypes has offered his career for where he is today. '...Portraiture and black subjectivity
represent important philosophical vectors in Ofili's powerful figurative art, as if this conjunction
between figuration and representation were not already visibly defined in the 181 watercolours.'
(Okwui Enwezor : Chris Ofili : Tate : 72)
When one thinks back to Ofili's early days in the art world he once strived to be how Yinka
Shonibare communicates his art, not define him as a black artist. Ofili began his journey in Brick
Lane market in London where he had crafted small figurines made from elephant dung, named
'Shithead'. The crafted balls of dung attached with real teeth and strands of the artists dreadlocks
which where held together with cooper wire. (Figure 3) Alongside some

What Is The Theme Of Motherism In The Color Purple
Victims of a triple jeopardy of classism, sexism and racism, they are trampled upon at the bottom of
the food chain. Yet, giving life to those that take their sustenance and essences, they are left with the
burden and oppression to carry. The idea of labelling a woman as a 'black' mother perpetuates an
ideology that blackness is not encompassed in mothering. The black woman never granted the
opportunity, during or after slavery, to access the white privilege of motherhood. Thus, she cannot
attain the white definition of motherhood. Alice Walker with her writing would see no problem with
the removal of the black woman from an apparent white ideal of motherhood. Womanism, then
would stand in solidarity for the misunderstood "bad" mothers/ "black" ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They are willing to sacrifice their mental state. In her work "Black Women Image Makers" Mary
Helen Washington epitomizes the black women as suffering from the triple bias of race class and
gender but whose main goal is to keep their children and that of their family safe. Sethe must muster
up the strength after her milk is taken and she is beaten to get to her children that are waiting on the
other side of the river. Celie must subject her body to the incestuous act of Pa to save Nettie. Yet,
these two women are dispossessed, the dispossession does not stop their maternal instinct as
mothers to protect by all measures

Bubonic Plague In Great Britain Analysis
The force of death on the fortunes of Great Britain Since the dawn of time, disease has dictated the
tumultuous tide of history and has cast aside great nations to the sands of history. It has raised
empires to rule the vast expanses of the world. One of the great empires of the second millennium is
the British Empire. Originating on a relatively small island with a finite amount of resources to
serve a large population, Great Britain slowly rose from the destruction of the Bubonic Plague and
the disarray of political struggle. Great Britain was thoroughly reinvented and restructured by the
cleansing power of death. The country emerged with a much smaller population, but nevertheless
became a more efficient and advanced country. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Britain could not recover its former societal structure, so British society was forced to change its
structure for its preservation in the future. (Tom James) This is shown in primary source one: The
Ordinance of Laborers, as the result of a paucity of working people in the region of Kent, the lords
and clergy were forced treat their servants with more dignity. They also had to value the hard work
of the laborers and servants in the form of bestowing them with more power and higher wages. The
higher classes did not enjoy lowering themselves by competing for the few healthy laborers, but
they had to raise the standards for laborers to keep their position at the top of British society. This
source also details the transferring of agricultural lands to lower class laborers from the large estates
of the manorial system. Which, is also very important as British society was being transformed and
revolutionized into a society which has the structure and operations to colonize and settle new lands
in the future. The Black Plague emboldened the British peasantry as they gained substantial power
over the functionings of British society going forward into the subsequent peasant revolts. The
aristocracy was at the will of the peasants for the peasants could destroy the aristocracy's elevated
position in society because

Black Efforts Towards The Gradual Emancipation Act Of 1799
Black Efforts Toward the Gradual Emancipation Act of 1799 in New York
African American's first legal sight of freedom came in 1799 with the Gradual Emancipation of
slaves that were born on or after 1799. Many whites against slavery helped with their efforts in bring
the Gradual Emancipation's approval. The Quakers were the first to help the slaves fight for
freedom. The New York Manumission Society contributed the most for the emancipation of slaves,
but let's not give all the credit to the whites. Black efforts undeniably helped in the process of
gradually abolishing slavery as well. Slaves first and foremost effort at freedom came from
attempting to flee. Blacks have been running away from their masters since their introduction ...
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With this in consideration, tens of thousands of slaves joined the British side during the war. The
British occupied New York in 1776 and it became a center for blacks from all over the colonies
seeking freedom. This multiplying number helped the British with the need for labor, but also
alarmed them. Whether fleeing to the British side or staying loyal to the American rebels, blacks
expected freedom and equality after their service was given. By the end of the war, many blacks that
served o the British side were relocated and attained liberty through traveling to British territories.
Between three and four thousand blacks left New York through its port for these British territories
and about one thousand were native to New York. The reality of black's service to the patriot cause
in revolutionary America led most northern states to emancipate their slaves during or immediately
after the war. Vermont provided for immediate emancipation in its 1777 constitution and by 1780,
Pennsylvania enacted gradual emancipation. However, New York still heavily relied on slave labor
in the city through the 1780s and this lead to the resistance of gradual emancipation in their state
constitution or in legislative actions. After the Revolutionary War, blacks started to speak out
themselves on their take of freedom. Poetry became useful for claims to natural rights. Two of the
frontrunners of black literature were Phillis

Stereotypes: Black Men are Prono to Violence
People from black communities are undoubtedly overrepresented in the forensic mental health
system, this anomaly is impacted heavily by the fact that the system seriously disadvantages black
people within their remit (Narco, 2007; Department of Health, 2003). African–Caribbean people are
more likely to receive coercive forms of care, spend longer in hospital and experience greater rates
of transfer to higher security facilities (NIMHE, 2003 cited in Vige, 2005). Figures show that, at
each heightened level of security in the psychiatric process, black people are increasingly
overrepresented, from informal to civil detention, and then in detention on forensic sections within
the courts and criminal justice system. Evidence, establishing the ... Show more content on
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Black people are excessively socially excluded and as with crime, mental illness is associated with
social exclusion. (Racism in Mental Health, 2005). Discrimination is imbedded within practices
resulting from ways in which the services are organised, in the case of staff they are in charge of
diagnosing and selecting criteria's for treatment, they focus on indicators of dangerousness seen to
be found in black patients (Wade, 1993). White patients within the system also manage to remain
the dominant population because of the stereotyping of black patients as dangerous and the social
exclusion of black staff by management (Wade, 1993).
High Profile Cases
Restraint may on occasion be the only intervention capable of protecting individuals from serious
harm. Black patients are likely to be subject to this because of the stereotype that they are naturally
violent and aggressive. Concerns about violence are validated, but it would appear that racial biases
in perceptions of dangerousness influence the management of black patients (Barnes & Bowl 2001;
Spector 2001 cited in Keating & Robertson, 2004). This is borne out by the fact that, in a study
comparing black and white patients, despite having lower scores on aggressive behaviour, black
patients were perceived as being more dangerous (Bhui 2001 cited in Keating & Robertson, 2004).
Orville Blackwood, was

Analysis Of The Poem ' I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings '
Joy McQueary
Ms. Ball
AP English Language
16 May 2017
SAHC: J.M.
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
"Wouldn't they be surprised when one day I woke out of my black ugly dream, and my real hair,
which was long and blonde, would take the place of the kinky mass that Momma wouldn't let me
straighten?" (4) A theme in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is Angelou's identity struggle as a
black female. During this time in the country, colorism and a European standard taught that having
black features was not only bad, but made a person ugly. In this quote, Angelou believes and
internalizes those standards and puts herself down for not fitting that image. Angelou wished that
she could change her identity and become a white female because she felt ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This history of hopelessness and oppression triggers an emotional response in me because
absolutely no one deserves to ever feel a feeling of inferiority.
"If growing up is painful for the Southern Black girl, being aware of her displacement is the rust on
the razor that threatens the throat. It is an unnecessary insult." (20) This quote comes at the opening
of the autobiography and alludes to the life of young Angelou. During this time, being black and a
female in the south equalled a life of hardships because of the south 's highly racist and sexist
culture. This quote means that at birth Angelou was already assigned struggle, but when she became
aware of this struggle her life would become even more difficult. Angelou's hardships were one of
the main themes in the novel. I picked this quote because I agree with its message. "What you don't
know can't hurt you" supports this quote well. If a person unknowingly has a cancerous tumour he
surely is being hurt, but if the tumor is left undetected worry and fear are not added to equation. A
person can be treated unfairly without realizing it, it 'll hurt them, but maybe not emotionally scar
them.
"It 's another to the body, and it looks like Louis is going down. ' My race groaned. It was our people
falling." (49) Angelou further delves into what it means to be and what it's like to be black during
this time. Since black people were not accepted as equals and as capable individuals the black
community often placed

The Black And Black British Diaspora
Critically examine the ways through which the Black British diaspora has been imagined and
represented by the theorisations of Paul Gilroy and others. Why does Gilroy (and others) suggest his
notion of 'The Black Atlantic' as useful for re–imagining black identities?
Introduction
This essay will analyse the concept of 'The Black Atlantic' by sociologist Paul Gilroy. Written
almost 20 years ago, it is an important concept which has been celebrated as instrumental in the re–
imagining of black culture. Its framework will be examined by referencing its history and exploring
some of its influences from other theorists such as Stuart Hall. Following this contextual
background, its impact will be discussed on its significance to the black ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Challenging the taboo between the integration of white and black, it theorised a new modernity of
hybridity in culture over the transatlantic space, shaping a new 'transnational' concept. Gilroys
theory aimed to get rid of the sociological imagination of 'race' and instead appreciate the cultural
heritage and influence of people. This spawned new arguments, theories and research, which helped
to combine areas in a new age of interdisciplinary subjects; influencing the study of sociology,
geography, politics, anthropology, art and many other areas. Gilroy specifically shows a very deep
connection to music and creativity, demonstrating how these traits make a profound transformation
in society. For example, the evolution of music represents how the deep–rooted pain of black culture
has mixed with the romanticised white culture in a hybrid form to create something new. This
expressed interest focused on a select few avant–garde individuals, who connected to this African
transatlantic blackness and these intellectuals inspired his main concepts such as W.E.B. De Bois'
theory of 'double consciousness ', which Gilroy has added as a subtext to his book. Concentrating on
his influence on the state of the black british diaspora, Gikandi (2014: 242) believes that 'Gilroy
provided his readers with a paradigm for thinking about cultural relations outside the

Racism And Slavery During The 19th Century
Racism is not just restricted to slavery and blacks, racism can be applied to anyone, and in 19th
century England this was a huge problem. The 19th century was a trying time for those who were
concerned with the abolition of slavery, those who were opposed to it were greatly concerned about
losing their wealth or just concerned with the principle of a lower race being free. However those
who were opposed to slavery were sick of seeing other humans being treated so poorly and saw it as
inhuman. This is a crucial point in history, in the early 19th century no one knew how this was going
to end, if slavery would be abolished or not. With this in mind the abolition of slavery was on the
center stage in England from 1800 to 1833, this would be an issue until slavery was abolished. Not
everyone would be happy with this going away, and resistance started to pile up but in the end it was
a futile slavery was abolished in 1833. This was met with a lot of resistance in the outer colonies of
the British Empire, these colonies wanted to keep their slaves so that they always had access to free
labor. Slaves that heard about the abolition of slavery in these colonies tended to rise up against their
owners, this usually ended in bloodshed for the colonies. However once this ended former slaves
still had trouble getting jobs and finding work, with competition from other cultures for work was
high so this didn't help their cause. What it boiled down to in the end was racism, this

British Imperial Relations In South Africa
British colonial efforts stretched the entire length of Africa, from Egypt to South Africa, the Cape to
Cairo, and much in between. While much of colonial conflict Britain took part in involved operation
against African peoples, in South Africa, British colonizers had to fight against the white remnants
of a previous Dutch colony in the region: the Boers. The Boers proved a tenacious opponent in the
Second Boer War (1899–1902), also known as the South African War or just the Boer War; although
the British did end up winning the war, the Second Boer War had a lasting impact on race relations
in South Africa, indirectly contributing to apartheid.
Anglo–Boer relations in South Africa had been frosty, to say the least, ever since the First Boer War
(1880–81), in which the Boers defeated British efforts to establish a federation in South Africa
similar to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The war unified the Boer people, later known as Afrikaners due to their language, leading to
aggressive Afrikaner nationalism in the face of the British invasion. It also intensified Afrikaner
fears of the black majority, and, combined with their aspirations for dominance in South Africa, led
to the policy of apartheid in later years. Although the British did gain control of Transvaal and the
Orange Free State, consolidating their imperial holdings in South Africa through their invasion of
the Boer homelands, their inability to quickly crush a Boer force whom they regarded as "inferior"
to themselves raised many questions back in England and led to a change in tactics to emphasize
frontal assaults and the importance of cover. Leading thinkers also criticized the war itself and its
conduct, with reformers such as Emily Hobhouse and the Fawcett Ladies decrying the concentration
camps and economist John Hobson criticizing imperialism because of its benefit to the rich and
powerful (e.g. Cecil

A Comparison Of The Monster By John Lennon Lacy
What would you do if you were left with pain and suffering after learning your son was just lynched
and the police covered the lynching up with a "he committed suicide" story? Can't imagine yourself
going through that can you? Well Lennon Lacy's mother is going through that right now. Her son
was lynched, but the local police says that he committed suicide. The local police rushed to finish
the job and just said it was a "suicide" but was it really? Claudia Lacy (mother) says that ¨the shoes
that were on his feet were not the shoes he left the house in." Supposedly the shoes that were found
on his feet were Nike air forces and a size or two too small. He left the house with Air jordans 12.
¨How is he gonna walk a quarter mile in a shoe that is too small for him and not his?¨. The person
that is responsible for this wrongful homicide is still on the loose today.
The homicide of Lennon Lacy compares and contrasts with the book Monster by Walter Dean
Myers. It compares in many ways, let's talk about a few. One way it compares is through one of the
quotes from the book, "Felony murder is as serious as it gets." In the book Steve Harmon is a
suspect of felony murder. If they would have caught Lennon Lacy's murderer that person may have
been sentenced with felony murder. Another comparison is black people getting treated unfairly.
Steve is getting treated unfairly because he was black and a teenager and some of those people may
have still been convinced that Steve was apart of the murder over stereotypes. Lennon Lacy was
black and a teenager so they had conspiracies about the situation stating that he brung it upon
himself that his life had to be ended. My quote for this comparison is "Monster tattooed over my
forehead " my reasoning for choosing this one is because ,not all the time, but most of the time
white people think all black people are monsters because of stereotypes. My last comparison is,
corresponding with the quote "I can't stay in prison for 20 years" it compares with the Lennon Lacy
story because not only would the murderer have a possibility to go to prison for felony murder he
has the possibility for hate crime charges. In my perspective I think that is the reasons that the
murderer of Lennon Lacy

Being Smart, Black, Young And American
In my early 20s, before I was cast on 30 Rock and while I was still trying to find my way as an
actor, I attempted a very odd social experiment: I would often walk into audition rooms using an
English accent. I'd introduce myself and engage in light pre–audition conversations with a standard
upper–class British dialect. I would then launch into the scene with my regular speaking voice, and
after the scene was over, I'd return to the British for my salutations. The truth of the matter was this:
I did it because I was frustrated. Being smart, black, young and American had become a liability.
People seemed to think I was some kind of walking oxymoron. I was often asked to be more
"urban," and it never seemed like the right time or place to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Don't' get me wrong, a person who is being discriminated against doesn't have a responsibility to
educate or inform their discriminator (it is never the job of the oppressed to stop their own
oppression), but I suggest that we merely can't disconnect from the event; for disconnection breeds
further ignorance. When I was told I talked white, my natural instinct was to get offended, think the
racial divide was hopeless, and then passive aggressively speak in a British accent. What I've come
to understand, however, is that in these moments, revealing more about myself is exactly what's
needed. My response to being told I "talk white" has now become a non–confrontational, genuine
question: "How do you think black people are supposed to talk? Because for me, every black person
I've ever known talks like I do." This is either met with defensiveness or apologies or a genuine
desire to understand the bias – but it is always met with some form of engagement. I try to treat it as
an open door to a further dialogue. Some people walk through that door, some people don't. But
through it all, I get to remain steadfastly myself. I don't see that response as being more tolerant in
the face of racial bias. It's not about taking the high road. I see it as avoiding a diversion from the
road I've already chosen. It's about not getting angry or frustrated in the presence of prejudice; but
more about being open and forthright. I

American Revolution Loyalists
Only a tiny fraction of the books written on the American Revolution are devoted to the loyalists –
the residents of the 13 colonies who chose to leave their homes rather than become citizens of the
new republic. Such a nation–bound approach to the writing of American history implies that the
lives of those who left were not significant. Yet they were, and Maya Jasanoff, who teaches history
at Harvard, has provided a richly informative account of those who made the choice to embrace
imperial Britain. As earlier historians of the Revolution have pointed out, the loyalists tended to
have strong connections to the imperial administration, belong to the Anglican Church and possess
close business or family ties to Britain. But not all who left fitted ... Show more content on
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Near the end of the Paris peace negotiations that ended the war, a small but important amendment
was added to the resulting treaty that prohibited the British from "carrying away any Negroes, or
other property." When he became aware of this proviso, Sir Guy Carleton, the commander of British
forces in North America, acted. Charged with the task of evacuating 20,000 troops and 35,000
loyalists from New York, he made securing the freedom of the black loyalists a priority. He
expedited the provision of documents establishing their freedom and hurried them onto a fleet of
ships headed for Nova Scotia. The speed of this sequence of events infuriated George Washington.
But Carleton responded that it was a matter of honor. "The Negroes in question," he explained, "I
found free when I arrived in New York, I had therefore no right . . . to prevent their going to any part
of the world they thought proper." Earlier, when Lord Dunmore, the colonial governor of Virginia,
promised freedom to bondsmen who joined the British forces, as many as 20,000 – including slaves
belonging to Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry – made the risky decision to escape.
Jasanoff refers to this as an "emancipation," though she might better have described it as a slave
revolt, larger than any the Americas had yet to

Rap Vs Poetry Essay
"When I first started rapping, me and a couple brothers would all sit around my place
freestyling while someone beat boxed. I even used to tell all the girls that I was a poet. They seemed
to find it a little more touching than a rapper" (Prince Paul, The Source 16) The lyrics of
rappers are very similar to the words of Black poets. It is argued as to wether or not rap is a viable
form of poetry.
Both discuss similar subjects, write in the same style and use the same type of language in their
writings. When looking at a poem or reading rap lyrics, distinguishing between the two can be
difficult, if not impossible.Both Black rappers and Black poets write about the same subjects. For
example the rap group NWA, and the poet Alice ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"If we don't build we'll be destroyed / Thats the challenge we face in this race of poor and
unemployed" (Gangstarr "In Memory Of" 11–12). Love and even more
specifically, sex, are yet another subject shared by both rappers and Black poets. The lyrics in the
song "Brown Skin Woman" by KRS–1, are discussing the love for the "brown
woman" and also sex with the "brown woman". Haki Madhubuti also writes his
poems about love and sex.
In the poem "My Brothers", Haki is sending a message to the other black males about
how they should start to love and respect the females of the black race. "My brothers i will not
tell you who to love or not love i will only say to you that Black women have not been loved
enough" (Madhubuti "My Brothers" 1–6). Wether it be about sex, racism or life in
the ghettos, Black poets and Black rappers share the same views and write about the same
subjects.The language used by Black rappers and Black poets is a strong, short, to the point
language. Maya Angelou demonstrates this in her poem "Aint That Bad". In the poem
Maya uses a lot of repetition to get her point across. "Now ain't they bad?
/ Now ain't they black?" (Angelou "Aint That Bad?" 17–18). Theses lines are
repeated several times in a row during the poem and again at the end of the

african american Essay
Chapter 4
Rising Expectations:
African Americans and the Struggle
For Independence, 1763– 1783
The Rising Expectation of the African Americans and the struggle for Independence was a great
thing for blacks they started rise up over slavery, they made a big impact in the wars, and they got
the Declaration of Independence from Thomas Jefferson.
I. The Crisis of the British Empire
1) The Great struggle.
2) The two empires Great Britain and France.
3) The independence movement and the rising of hope for black's freedom.
4) In 1689, the British and French fought in many wars.
A) Europe
B) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A) In early 1774 Boston sent more troops in the city to punish economically.
14) In September 1774 the Continental Congress met in Philadelphia.
15) By November 1774 the Massachusetts Minutemen made a military
II. The Declaration of Independence and African Americans.
1) The Declaration of Independence that the Continental Congress adopted on July 4, 1776.
A) It was drafted by a slaveholder in a slave owning country.
B) Thomas Jefferson wrote "that all men are created equal;"
C) Men like Thomas Jefferson and John Adams served on the draft committee.
D) Jefferson, Adams, and Benjamin Franklin submitted the draft declaration.
E) The British aroused African Americans to revolt against their masters.
F) Jefferson and the other delegates did not mean to encourage African American.
G) Black people were in attendance when Patriot speakers made unqualified claims.

H) Most white people would not deny that black individuals were human beings.
I) The literal meaning of the Declaration, which meant changing American society.
J) The revolutionary ideology that supported their claims for independence.
II a. The Impact of

Essay On The South African War
The war that occurred in South Africa from 1899 to 1902 has had several names throughout history.
Often, the title depends on who is discussing the war and on what side of the war they were fighting
for during the conflict. Several of these names include the Boer War, the Second War of Liberation,
the Anglo–Boer War, and the South African War. Many historians today believe that it should be
referred to as the South African War, so as to include everyone who resided in the South African
region at that time. The conflict should be called the South African war as it was not simply a war
between white British and white Boers because there were many different people and races involved
and affected, including African workers, and foreigners who came to work in the mines in the
Transvaal.
The War in South Africa resulted from many different issues between the British Empire and the
Dutch, or the Boers. Two of the primary sources of conflict during the war were the diamond and
gold mines found ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Black South Africans were the majority population and they were caught up in the "white man's war,
or a gentlemen's war ." The high number of black Africans in the British concentration camps shows
just one of the ways that the black and colored communities suffered from this war which is
considered to be "the most devastating war in South African history ".
On May 31st, 1902, the Boer's had surrendered to the British and signed the Treaty of Vereeniging at
Pretoria. The next years were spent negotiating peace and the future of the now British colony,
South Africa. A new governmental system had to be developed so to include the now four provinces
of the British colony. Also, there were many political changes, including the establishment of three
new South African capitals, located in the Pretoria, Cape Town, and

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