Circadian Rhythm Research Paper

Circadian Rhythm Research Paper
Circadian Rhythm How does Circadian Rhythm Affect Alertness, Coordination, and Reaction Time?
By Nolan Zinsser Mrs. McMahon's 7th Grade Class of 2017–2018 Research Circadian rhythm is
also called your sleep–wake cycle. It can work better when you go to bed/wake up at the same time
each day. It works like a biologic clock where you know instinctively what time is lunchtime,
dinnertime, or time to go to bed. It also produces more of certain chemicals at certain times of day.
These chemicals can include melatonin, testosterone, and cortisol. The bodily clock can activate
certain things at certain times of day. According to a blog article on the website clevork.com, you
have the best alertness level at 10:00 AM and fastest reaction time at
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Circadian Rhythm
Light effects on Circadian Rhythm Most human beings have a built in clock in their brains that
regulate the timing of biological physical process and daily behavior. These clocks are known as
circadian rhythm. They allow maintenance of these processes and the behaviors are related to 24–
hour day/night cycle. Although these rhythms are maintained by the individual beings, their length
does vary somewhat individually. Therefore, they must, either continually or repeatedly, be reset to
occur over about a 24–hour cycle. Circadian Rhythm is entrained by both internal and external
factors. Circadian rhythms are important in determining the sleeping and feeding patterns of all
animals, including human beings. There are clear patterns of brain wave ... Show more content on
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Seasonal affective disorder creates a model in which decreased day length during autumn and winter
increases depressive symptoms. A shift in the circadian regulatory system creates a connection
between the amount of light in a day (duration) and depressive symptoms in this disorder. Light
seems to have therapeutic antidepressant effects when humans are exposed to it at appropriate times
during the circadian rhythm, regulating the sleep–wake cycle.
In addition to mood, learning and memory become impaired when the circadian system shifts due to
light stimuli, which can be seen in studies modeling jet lag where one is travelling around different
time zones or in shift work situations where the sleep pattern gets effected. The symptoms include
insomnia, indigestion, irritability and poor concentration. Sleep Disorders such as delayed sleep
phase disorder and Advanced sleep phase disorder are also common when the circadian system is
affected
In response to light exposure, alertness levels can increase as a result of suppression of melatonin
secretion. A relationship has been found between alerting effects of light and activation in the

Four Pieces For Timpani Essay
Music has always been part of our daily lives, rooted in our culture and contributing to our
development. Listening to and playing music allows us to experience a wide range of emotions
including pleasure, joy, sadness, angst etc; it touches us at a subconscious level and influences life
changing experiences. In my opinion the rhythms used in music are comparable to the rhythms in
our speech and communication. In this paper, the link between rhythms and speech will be identified
using the rhythmic qualities of the following pieces: Earth Dance by Bill Douglas; The Recital Snare
Drum Suite by William
J. Schinstine and Four Pieces for Timpani by John Bergamo as a medium to do so.
Rhythm is everywhere. Its exists in nature, in traffic, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I believe that in the name of the piece itself there is a deeper meaning. If we look at the name Four
Pieces "FOR" Timpani with the emphasis on the word "FOR", this implies that he didn't
intentionally compose the piece for an audience but for each Timpano by its self. He named the first
movement,
Recitative. Recitative according to the oxford dictionary means, "A musical declamation of the kind
usually in the narrative and dialogue parts of Operas, sung in the rhythms of ordinary speech with
many words on the same note." So by taking this definition into consideration, the way he composed
and structured the first movement shows a dialog between each drum. A lot of the rhythmic groups
are usually started on one drum and eventually moves to the other drums as if it were a call and
answer. Human beings as I mentioned earlier speaks within a rhythm or rhythmic structure, this can
me seen using the concept of Audiation, some examples are as follows using groupings that are
present in the piece;
*Triplets – "Beautiful"
*Sixteenth notes – "Peanut Butter"
*Quintuplets – "Hippopotamus"
*Eight notes –

Examples Of Circadian Rhythm
Theoretical Framework: Circadian Rhythm – a cycle that tells the body when to rise, sleep, eat
which regulates many physiological processes. The internal body clock is affected by cues. Like
sunrise and temperature. According to Professor Russell Foster, an Oxford University Neurologist
said that student would gain more if their class start in the afternoon. Forcing a student who arrives
in the morning could be a result of poor memory and stress. He also added that teenager's body
clocks between two hours and four hours can be delayed and doesn't function until 10 am or late as
noon time. Numerous American and German schools that scheduled their class in the afternoon
shows the improvement and success in their performance. It also shows reduced the rate of
depression. Some schools are force students to function in the day time and many students of
universities are prone to a danger of sleep deprivation. Also, it shows that ... Show more content on
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What you fill it with, in any case, is dependent upon you. Imagine, if you have an empty pickle jar
and you fill it with golf balls. The result is you can't able to squeeze it but it will leave some gaps.
Then you drop the marbles to fill the gaps. Next, you will pour some sand to cover smaller spaces.
Lastly, you will pour it with water until the jar appears to be completely full then screw the lid on.
The explanation behind this is the jar represents the time. The golf balls are the goals, roles, and
commitments that are important to us and matters the most. People, projects or problems. The
marbles are matters too, but not as much. These are the things that you want to do but it is not
mandatory to do it. The sands portray the task that consumes a small amount of time and easy to do.
But, these tasks are unimportant, irrelevant or inappropriate. The water shows the anything that
takes time but doesn't really add anything. Also, defines as a poor use of our

An Effective Tool When Learning Rhythm
Although clapping has proven to be an effective tool when learning rhythm, Kodály's principles also
incorporate other forms of movement in order to internalize the various rhythms. Students learn to
step, clap, and tap the rhythms they hear. By walking around or stepping in place, they learn to feel
the beat and keep tempo. Once they know where the beat is, they clap or tap the rhythm
independently. Finally, they put the two components together. This pre–staff activity, along with
several others, helps build the understanding of rhythmic placement and gives a glimpse of how
different rhythms fit in a measure.
As students begin to comprehend the concept of rhythm, they are introduced to a variety of rhythmic
syllables. In this aspect of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unfortunately, there is not a universal set of actions directly assigned to each rhythmic value.
Regardless of the exact syllables and movements used, teachers need to provide their students with a
sufficient amount of practice before they attempt to read actual rhythms on the staff.
After rhythmic solfege syllables are learned by rote, students are introduced to written notation.
When they first learn notation, the Kodály Method presents it in Stem Notation. Stem Notation is a
simplified version of the full written notation used in modern compositions. Instead of confusing
young children by forcing them to differentiate between white and black note heads, teachers use
only the stems and flags. Notes values that are larger than quarter notes use the note heads so they
are set apart from the other notes. In order to learn Stem Notation, the students listen to the teacher
present a pattern and they echo it back with claps. Once they have completed that step, they echo the
same pattern on rhythm syllables. From there, students visualize the notation and write rhythm
down.
Through all of its various stages, the Kodály System strongly promotes accuracy in sight–reading.
When children are first exposed to the system, they are taught to clap and stomp along with the
rhythms presented. The method of producing different sounds works well when all of the notes
presented are actual notes. However, as soon as rests are introduced, students tend

Disrupted Circadian Rhythms
Hypothesis: Disrupted circadian rhythms has negative effect on sustained attention. My Initial
Hypothesis In life, we all encounter those night where we can't seem to get to sleep. This can be due
to insomnia or having a lot of things to do and little time to do them. During college and afterwards
people will begin to deal with a lack of sleep more and more as they gain more responsibilities. I've
always heard it's not good to go without sleep and I agree with this thought. This was confirmed
when we had a lecture on consciousness. We discussed how our sleep and wake schedule, biological
clocks, bodily functions, etc., are controlled by circadian rhythms (Truelove, 2017). When we ignore
circadian rhythms, it leaves us open to an increased ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It also showed me that it can become quite dangerous even life threatening. I now see its extremely
important to let your body get rest so the circadian rhythms can happen as they should. The body
doesn't react positively to sleep deprivations. As stated earlier circadian rhythms assist with many
other bodily functions such as body temperature. Not allowing these functions to reboot properly
have a negative effect on the body. Personally, I love getting a good night rest and the articles I've
found have only deepened my respect for the art of sleeping. The benefits far out way any other
things that could come from not allowing yourself to rest. The effect of disturbing circadian rhythms
are quite worry some to me. Being a college student I feel the pressure to get things done on time
and I don't get to sleep as much as I should. I can see how it affects me and I worry for those who
have even more going on than I do. I think we need to make sleep a priority just like we make
eating. In class Truelove told us that you can die from staying up for and extended amount of time.
Which, can also happen if you go a long time without eating. It's very important for us to take care
of bodies especially while were young so we will be in better shape as we

Stravinsky Rhythm
In this performance, the rhythm is apparent and a defining feature of the piece. Sometimes the piece
becomes somewhat repetitive with ostinato patterns present a lot of the time. This piece is played
and composed in such a way that it draws the listener into a story. The rhythm plays a big part in
this. On the first page of the composition, Stravinsky changes the meter eight times in nine measures
which grabs the attention of the listener. Though the rhythms in the rite of spring are highly
irregular, they are still pulsed. This caused innovations in musical notation in the score to make the
piece playable. Sometimes sounding chaotic, Stravinsky expanded the use of polyrhythm. Creating a
hectic and unpleasant sound, nothing like this was done before. The piece's enormous harmonies
move very slowly indeed. This slow harmonies contradict the pie's sense of energy creating a very
dissonant and disturbing atmosphere. In 1913 this would have completely shocked the audience and
contributed to the events that took place on the premier. Although the piece is aggressive and bold in
certain areas it cannot be generically labelled as such. The introductions to both parts set a more ...
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On the night of the 29th of May 1913, the most famous scandal in the history of arts took place. A
recently built, new theatre in Paris had the privilege of hosting the premier night of Stravinsky's Rite
of Spring. On that night, events took place that no one saw coming. A reaction was expected, but not
of the magnitude that took place. Having had a successful previous year with his piece 'Petrushka'
great things were expected from Stravinsky and he was hoping for the new ballet to be an even
bigger than anything he'd written before. Writing to Nicholas Roerich (Who was behind the ballet's
vision of pagan Russia), Stravinsky said "From all indications I can see that this piece is bound to
'emerge' in a way that rarely

Rhythm And Blues Research Paper
In 1946, the American entertainment industry grew at a substantially rapid rate. The cause of this
was the Post–World War II economic expansion. The Postwar era was filled with many different
genres, and talented artists. It is argued to be one the most multifaceted, and dynamic eras in the
history of American popular music. In the midst of the complexity, two women emerged into the
genre of Rhythm and Blues. Ruth Brown, also known as "Miss Rhythm," was one of the biggest
stars in the postwar era. She started at a young age, singing in two sectors of black church tradition.
She sang in the AME (African Methodist) and Baptist denominations. I attended a fundraiser at the
Redeemer Fellowship church in Kansas City and listened as the choir sang their gospels. The song
"Mama, He Treats Your Daughter Mean," was Ruth Brown's biggest hit and it does not sound
similar to any of the gospels sang in the church. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Her parents did not approve of this. When she was a teenager, she would lie to her mother and her
father, telling them that she was going to choir rehearsal while she would actually go off to perform
for the military at USO shows. At only 17, she finally left home to join Jimmy Brown's band. She
later married him, only to find out he had previously been married to another woman. However,
since her last name had been commonly known as brown, she decided it was best to stick with it. At
this point, Brown was unwelcome at her family home. She struggled to find work living in Detroit
and eventually being stranded in Washington D.C. She then was offered regular employment at
Crystal Cavern's nightclub. One night, radio host Willis Conover heard Brown talent. He later
signed her to Atlantic Records, where she would later make her debut performance at Apollo
Theater in New

EEG Brain Rhythms
EEG and Brain Rhythms
Christine Shirvanian, Colleen Phillips, Hannah Sacro, Nanci Peraza, Thuy–Anh Angela Nguyen,
Victoria Manshardt–Sta. Romana
Anatomy and Physiology 1, ISP SCUHS
Report 2
October 11, 2014
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to get hands on experience with the use of EEG.
Electroencephalography was used on our subject to observe cerebral wavelengths, with the
attachment of three electrode leads to the head. Wavelengths, consisting of alpha, beta, delta, and
theta rhythms, were recorded and analyzed to test our null hypothesis of the subject being active in
two scenarios: closed eyes and opened eyes. In addition, the subject was put into various mental
stimulations. The null hypothesis was not rejected, as the recorded ... Show more content on
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The beta wave standard deviation measurements were also higher when the eyes were closed and
the same resulted with delta and theta waves. In terms of EEG frequencies, we computed the mean
of three different cycles of each rhythm. For alpha waves, we came up with the following means:
alpha 10.6, beta 25.00, delta 2.5, and lastly, theta 5.3. Moreover, we added two more segments to the
brain rhythm recordings that included math calculations and listening to relaxing music for all four
brain

Circadian Rhythm Dysregulation
Pregnancy is suppose to be the happiest moment of the women's lives; however, sometimes it does
not happen that way. Unfortunately, during this time future moms live, in fact, a sentimental roller
coaster during pregnancy. This instability occurs due to the sudden alteration of the hormonal levels
that prepare the woman's body to receive the unborn baby. As a result, some women may struggle
with the pregnancy symptoms such as confusion, fear, and depression. According to the Journal of
Women's Health, researchers propose that circadian rhythm dysregulation plays a role in mood
disorders and reproductive hormones may modulate circadian rhythm amplitude and phase. The
dramatic fluctuations in reproductive hormones that occur during pregnancy and the transition from
pregnancy to postpartum occur together with alterations in diurnal melatonin timing and quantity.
They hypothesize that the changes in reproductive hormones occurring during pregnancy may alter
circadian rhythms and thereby precipitate depressive symptoms in vulnerable women. Since many
women struggle with depression during their pregnancy, experts are always researching to help ...
Unplanned pregnancy, especially for teenagers or single women can be extremely stressful
especially if they come from a very conservative family, who does not accept sex before marriage.
Moreover, domestic violence may be another cause of depression during pregnancy. Unfortunately,
many women get sexually, physically, and emotionally abused by their partners. Another reason for
depression in pregnant women may just be because of their family or even personal history of
depression in the past. For those reasons, many women struggle with depression during their

Rhythm And Blues Comparison
What if I told you rock and roll wouldn't be what it is today without rhythm and blues, and would
you believe me? While the blues or rhythm and blues as it was originally called, evolved into a
variety of subgenres, you can still recognize and hear its musical elements in just about every rock
song.
Every song can vary in their delivery, instruments come and go, additional vocalists can be added or
subtracted and lyrics are developed from personal stories or experiences. When you consider the
elements of the blues you can see the clear resemblances in early rock and roll. So what defines a
rhythm and blues characteristic and how can songs from both genres be so similar and yet different?
When you explore the elements of two different songs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Just as easily though, you can recognize their differences. The first distinguishing factor is the
tempo; one has an energetic upbeat feel to it while the other has a much slower melancholy feel.
And while both songs have only guitars as their instruments the style is where each differs. Son
House uses a technique called bottlenecking, a style to vary the vibrating length and pitch of a guitar
note by using an object referred to as a slide while on "Walkin' Blues", bassist Bill Black uses a
technique called slap bass style, where by slapping and popping the guitar strings to produce a
percussive effect on "Blue Moon of Kentucky". In addition, the lyrical styles are noticeably different
between the two songs; "Walkin' Blues" is more of a loose narrative story while "Blue Moon of
Kentucky" has a more modern and noticeable rhymed couplet format to it. And while Elvis Presley's
version is a cover version of Bill Monroe's song, it helped to propel him into the limelight while Son
House was not a commercial

The Circadian Rhythms Affects Sleep
Circadian rhythm is most known for the effect on sleep and wake, but it also affects eating, hormone
secretion, urination, and much more (Kalat, 2013). Circadian rhythms are endogenous, which means
they are generated from within the body. When broken down into its latin roots "circum" and "dies",
circadian means about a day. This name was coined as animal circadian rhythms last about a day, or
around 24 hours (Kalat, 2013). Though rhythms are around 24 hours, each individual differs in their
exact rhythm. This can be seen in the difference between "morning people", who are alert and awake
early in the day, and "night owls", who awaken at a slower pace and reach their peak alertness later
in the day (Taillard, Philip, Coste, Sagaspe, & Bioulac, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Insomnia and sleep complaints are common among those who are completely blind. When the
circadian rhythm of those with no light perception, it has been found that they have abnormal
rhythms. Their rhythm pattern is most commonly found to be "free running", which means that it is
not entrained to the 24–hour period, by either following a shorter or more commonly longer rhythm
(Sack & Lewy, 2001). These people lack the ability to adapt to changes in sleep patterns based on
light, so as their schedule changes their rhythm is continually of course. Some days they may have
periods of good sleep and some days they may not, depending on where their life timeline falls
against their un–entrained circadian

The Biology Of Sleep And Circadian Rhythms
Heller's two main research focuses are the biology of sleep and the biology of thermoregulation.
Understanding how sleep and circadian rhythms work has obvious implications for treating sleep
disorders and the many health issues associated therewith, and, Heller has shown, less obvious
implications for treating issues with memory, as well as diseases, such as Down syndrome, that are
related to impacted circadian rhythms and memory formation and retainment. Understanding how
body temperature affects body functions has practical applications to human health and the
treatment of hypo– and hyperthermia––problems that will likely impact more and more people as
climate change gives rise to more extreme temperatures across the globe. In addition, research in
thermoregulation has practical applications for athletes who would like to improve their
performance by ameliorating the negative impacts of high body temperature on physical
functioning. In (1), Heller shows that once a person is asleep, exposure to light in repeated
millisecond flashes can postpone circadian salivary activity. This implies that exposure to light
might shift the entire circadian rhythm, which in turn implies that controlled exposure to light once
asleep could be an effective, non–invasive treatment for patients with misaligned circadian rhythms.
The control of the light exposure is essential, as Heller's novel millisecond–based approach averted
the problem run into by many previous studies on the effects of

Notes On The Rhythm Control
2.5.3. Rhythm Control
2.5.1.1. Cardioversion
Usually performed electively, cardioversions are procedures that are performed to convert an
arrhythmia back to sinus rhythm.. There are two types of cardioversions; pharmacological and
electrical.
Pharmacological cardioversions are performed via administering arrhythmia–medication to patients
to restore the heart's rhythm to normal sinus rhythm. Pharmacological cardioversions were the
standard cardioversion procedures performed before electrical cardioversion became more
commonly used. Advantages of pharmacological cardioversions are such that the procedure does not
require sedation, (whereas electrical cardioversion does), and the development of new drugs has
made it more of a popular ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main risk associated with DC cardioversion is the occurrence of embolic events and cardiac
arrhythmias (Fuster V et al; 2001).
2.5.1.2. Surgical Ablation – Cox Maze Procedure
James Cox, along with his colleagues, developed the Cox Maze procedure, (also known as the Maze
procedure) which is an open–heart surgical procedure designed to eliminate AF. The procedure
consists of creating conduction barriers within the RA and LA, thus limiting the number of wavelets
able to propagate themselves within the atrial myocardium, thus eliminating AF.
A five–year follow up study was conducted to assess whether the Cox Maze procedure was a viable
treatment option for AF patients. The sample size consisted of 75 patients who had undergone the
maze procedure for the treatment of AF. At the end of the five years, 65 patients had been followed
up for three months post–procedure. The end result was that the Maze procedure was successful in
treating AF in 98% (n = 64) of the 65 patients followed up. It was also successful in treating AF
without the need for medication in 89% (n = 58), and with the need for medication in 9% (n = 6) of
the total cohort respectively. This therefore proves that the Cox maze procedure is an effective
treatment method for AF patients (Cox JL et al; 1993).
2.5.1.3. Catheter Ablation

As a result of the success of the Cox Maze procedure, catheter ablation strategies were developed in
an attempt to replicate the

Rhythm And Meter Of Music Chapter 2 Summary
Chapter two of the text focuses in on the rhythm and meter of music, or musical time. Rhythm can
be defined as the movement of music, where meter organizes beat in music. Throughout the years
composers have created rhythmic complexities to engage the listener with a different sensation when
enjoying music by straying away from a monotone rhythm. Syncopation is the most common way
composers achieve this goal. Syncopation is defined as the "deliberate upsetting of the normal
pattern of accents" (Rhythm & Meter). In other words, the accent is displaced from the strong beat
in a measure to the offbeat, which falls in between stronger beats. In addition to syncopation,
polyrhythm can produce a similar effect in throwing off regular accent patterns.

Introduction. Circadian Or Diurnal Rhythms Are Metabolic
Introduction
Circadian or diurnal rhythms are metabolic or behavioural rhythms, in animals and plants, that occur
usually within a 24–hour cycle (Abercrombie et al. 1990). The changes in body temperature over the
course of a day (24 hours), or in the case of females, over a month, is one of the most documented
human circadian rhythms. Body temperature as well as circadian rhythms in humans is controlled by
the hypothalamus, a small region of the brain that forms part of the autonomic nervous system. The
hypothalamus synthesizes neurohormones, which are used to control the secretions of other
hormones by the pituitary gland, which is linked to the hypothalamus.
It is well known that long distance flights have many effects on the ... Show more content on
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In fact it is the hormone, melatonin which is released by the pineal gland that is responsible for
controlling the sleep cycle (Society for Endocrinology, 2015). Melatonin production increases as it
becomes dark and is supressed to a degree by light. Melatonin causes drowsiness by lowering the
core body temperature. It has been found that the hormone is also released when one is stressed
which can occur while in flight. The body reacts to the untimely release of melatonin and disrupts
the circadian rhythm, which raises the body temperature and lowers it at the wrong time of day.
It naturally will take time for the bodies internal 'clock' to readjust to a normal rhythm, and, if
travelling to a different time zone, the body has to adjust to a different day–night cycle.
Aims
The main aim of this study and experiment is to see if all long haul flights, irrespective of direction,
result in a degree of jet lag as reflected by one of the affected circadian rhythms, namely body
temperature.
The study aims to determine whether the hypothesis is correct. An additional aim is to see if average
body temperature is lowered during the flight and fluctuates less than in a normal 24 hour cycle.
Should there be enough suitable participants, another aim is to see whether people over the age of 30
take longer to return to their normal body temperature circadian rhythm than those under the age of
30.
Research Hypothesis

It takes between 36 and 48 hours to return to a

Define The Word Rhythms
10. Define the musical term rhythm in the most general sense of the word. What is meant by a
reference to specific rhythms? Rhythm in the most general sense in a series or repetition of sounds
and, movement that create a beat or a dance. Have you ever bobbed your head or tapped your foot to
a song? this most likely the cause of a rhythm or some times more commonly known as a beat. Lets
take rap music as an example. if you listen to any song there is a constant repetition or sound that is
a rhythm or a beat. this rhythm or beat is used in songs to keep people intrigued and want to listen to
the song more and share it with there friends. For performing music a rhythm or beat is used to be
able to follow easily like playing the guitar. if you

Impact of Rhythm and Blues on African-American Culture Essay
Rhythm and blues, also known today as "R & B", has been one of the most influential genres of
music within the African American Culture, and has evolved over many decades in style and sound.
Emerging in the late 1940's rhythm and blues, sometimes called jump blues, became dominant black
popular music during and after WWII. Rhythm and blues artists often sung about love, relationships,
life troubles, and sometimes focused on segregation and race struggles. Rhythm and blues helped
embody what was unique about black American culture and validate it as something distinctive and
valuable. The term "rhythm and blues" was coined in 1947 by a white man named Jerry Wexler who
was a reporter, editor, and writer for Billboard Magazine. The record ... Show more content on
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From the 1950's to the 1970's rhythm and blues bands usually consisted of piano, guitars, drums
saxophone, bass, and were sometimes accompanied by background vocalists. New World
Encyclopedia (2008) states As rhythm and blues combined the elements of jazz, gospel music and
the blues, it thus created a very personalized form of melody and rhythm which has become known
as one of the outstanding styles of American music. From jazz and its combination of African black
folk music blended with European folk and pop music, rhythm and blues incorporated the
syncopated beats supported by colorful chordal combinations to mirror the emotions and
experiences of the composer and singer/musician. The term rhythm and blues has had several
different meanings. In the early 1950's it applied to blues records, in the late 1950's it applied to
electric blues along with gospel and soul, in the 1960's it was called soul music, and in the 1970's it
was a blanket term for soul, funk, and disco. Much of the popular electric guitar–led blues bands
like Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, and BB King that came from Memphis and Chicago were
considered rhythm and blues since they appealed to the older demographic. The broadcasting and
recording industries did not solely represent the conquering racial assumptions of the 1950's, they
internalized them and helped to continue them. Racial conventions permeated the organization and
structure of the music industry at every level. The very existence

Rhythm And Blues Similarities
Most people find it difficult to differentiate Rhythm and Blues music from Gospel music. Some
argue that their similarities are hard to decipher. Others argue that their differences are hard to
decipher. Since both types of music interconnect, I will dissect each type of music totally.
There's always been a connection between gospel and rhythm and blues music. Rhythm and blues
were birthed from gospel music. Gospel music is spiritual music with emotion and a lot of soul
praising deity. While rhythm and blues kept the same emotion and soul that gospel have, rhythm and
blues talks about human situations, emotions and is more secular. Some of the most beautiful music
of all times was born out of intense grief and suffering, and gospel music ... Show more content on
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First off, both of these genres of music carry very important meanings when trying to get a message
across. Both of these genres have a strong influence on its listeners. There are many people that have
gotten "saved" off of gospel music and turned their life around. There are some people that find love
when or after listening to rhythm and blues. Another similarity that they have is that these genres of
music are very popular. Since Rhythm and blues thrive from gospel, gospel listeners usually listen to
R&B and R&B listeners listen to gospel. This creates a wide and broad audience for both genres.
There are several of artist that have crossed over from R&B music to gospel and there are a lot of
artist that crossed over from gospel to sing R&B. Some of these artist sing both gospel and R&B
music. Some of the artists are as follows: Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, ray Charles, Toni
Braxton and Stevie wonder. The last similarity between gospel and R&B are the good vibes it sends
to people. These vibes help people through depression and other heartaches and sadness. Good vibes
give listeners reassurance. Now that the differences and similarities are made clear between Rhythm
and Blues and Gospel you can clearly separate the two when necessary and bring the two together
when necessary. Both of these genres have its good and bad.

Circadian Rhythms Lab Report
Hypothesis: If rats are given a source of dim nighttime light, then they'll experience depressive–like
symptoms, which manifest due to neuronal changes in the hippocampus associated with circadian
rhythm disruption.
Independent Variable: Source of dim nighttime light
Dependent Variable: Disruption in circadian rhythm
Animals
The test subjects of this experiment are sixty male Wistar rats [1]; they are bred and will be kept
under a normal light–dark cycle. They will be kept in cages that are at a constant temperature of 25
°C. Water and food will be provided to them for the length of this experiment. Before commencing
the experiment, the rats are allowed a week to become accustomed to the facility. After they have
become 8 weeks of age, the rats are randomly placed in two groups, one that is exposed to a 12 hour
light: 12 hour dark cycle (n=30 per group) and another that is exposed to a 12 hour light:12 hour
dim light cycle (n=30 per group). The rats will be examined under experimental lighting for 3
weeks. The intensity of the light will be measured using a Traceable Dual Display light meter [1].
In order to ensure that this experiment will give us an outcome, we can compare it to a study that
has already been conducted. Siberian hamsters were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The neuronal analysis of the regions of the hippocampus, the spine density will be analyzed using
ANOVA test due to light and the structure of the spine being the independent variables [2]. The
relationship between the depressive–like symptoms and the spine density will also be analyzed
using statistics through the R Studio software. The p value obtained will be considered statistically
significant if it is less than

The Circadian Rhythms
Each day, when the sun rises and sets, mammals and plants alike conform together with a celestial
rhythm that instructs the activities of the day. The human body, along with nearly all other
mammals, endogenously oscillates on a rhythm that coincides with these daily activities. However,
when mammals are placed in an environment void of nearly all outside influences, also known as
zeitgebers, these rhythms continue to run at specified intervals. Thus, the endogenous rhythm must
be governed by an internal "master clock." This master clock has been discovered to be the
suprachiasmatic nuclei which are located in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus. Circadian
rhythms are endogenous rhythms that mammals and plants exhibit. The term "circadian" was
established in the 1950's and is derived from the Latin prefix circa– which means "approximately,"
and dies– which means "day." (2) Nearly all living things have circadian rhythms that approximate
to a 24 hour cycle; however there are some differences in lengths varying from species to species.
(1) Numerous physiological processes are governed by the circadian rhythm, and by effect nearly
every process in the body can be contributed to a rhythm of circadian fashion. The master clock of
the circadian rhythm for biological processes is the suprachiasmatic nuclei, or SCN. (1)(2) The SCN
is located in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus, posterior to and slightly inferior to the frontal
lobe of the brain. The SCN is believed

Concept for My Mini-Exhibit:Tranquil Rhythms
"The life of man in every part has need of harmony and rhythm" – Plato
Adapted from the Everyday Magic Exhibit at GoMA, the concept for my mini exhibit is Tranquil
Rhythms. The title clearly represents striking elements of the exhibit that bring all the pieces
together. There will be 5 collections shown in the exhibit, they are; Untitled (from webs from my
garden series) by Sandra Selig, Citizens Band by Angelica Mesiti, Untitled Cascade by Rebecca
Baumann, Assorted Spices for Dinner and Daydreams by Mieko Shiomi and Silver Screen by
Callum Morton. The artists all come together around three central ideas that being tranquillity,
rhythm and play. These central ideas will be furthermore explored. Tranquillity is the quality or state
of being calm/serene. It is a key part of the exhibition reflecting how the works combine in creating
a peaceful, calm environment. This is done through different elements, including music, calming
movements or from observation of an art piece. Citizens Band is filmed media portraying
tranquillity through audio as well as visual means. Each of the four performers produces music that
isn't particularly hard hitting but instead calm, adding to the peaceful environment of the exhibition.
The four musicians perform traditional music that may not be as familiar to the audience. This
entrances the viewer through captivating and engaging music. Selig's series represents serenity
through its harmonious red lines flowing and

Exploring Pulse And Rhythm Age Group
MUSIC LESSON PLAN
Date: October 2014 Title/Theme: Exploring pulse and rhythm Age Group: Year 2
Prior experience of pupils:
It is helpful if children and teachers have:
moved and danced to music with a strong pulse and a variety of rhythmic styles
learnt to recognize different speeds (tempo) in music
explored how words have a different number of syllables
developed skills through the activities described in Unit 3
Pupil Information: Child with Down Syndrome will have a teaching assistant working close by to
them for support. With the support of a classroom assistant a child with Down's Syndrome should be
able to learn alongside their peers, and should be given every opportunity to form meaningful
friendships with peers, free ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Plenary
Teacher Led
Organisation of Group Number of Pupils:
28 Pupils
Organisation of Groups:
Class Split Into 4 Groups –
Castanets
Tambourines
Woodblocks
Maracas Teacher:
The teacher will oversee all groups but will give extra support to children who need it. TA:
The TA will work with the group in which the child with down syndrome is working within and will
be there to support them and help them progress.
Curricular Links [spiritual, moral, social and cultural opportunities] appropriate to the lesson:
The unit links to work in physical education in dance. It also has a direct link to English in
identifying syllables in words and composing sound patterns. It provides an opportunity to learn
information through chants, eg the months of the year. This unit also develops children's ability to
work together with concentration and awareness of others, and links to PSHE.

????????????????
National Curriculum Reference for the whole of this QCA Unit:
Pupils should be taught to:
use their voices expressively and creatively by singing songs and speaking chants and rhymes
play tuned and untuned instruments musically
listen with concentration and understanding to a range of high–quality live and recorded music
experiment with, create, select and combine sounds using the inter–related dimensions of music.
Specific Learning Objectives for this lesson which relate to National

Circadian Rhythms
Increasing evidence suggests that there is highly regulated relationship between immune function,
sleep, and circadian rhythms. Understanding this complex relationship is clinically relevant because
desynchronization of circadian rhythms and disruptions in sleep are associated with higher
likelihood of disease. It has been demonstrated that there is a bidirectional flux of circadian
information between the immune and neuroendocrine system (Mavroudis, Scheff, Calvano, &
Androulakis, 2012). The interactions between these two systems work in concert to optimize
immune responses that are vital in down regulating diseases. Outside factors, such as shift–work,
chronic stress, and inherited diseases can disrupt these interactions. The entrainment ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Glucocorticoids bind to the glucocorticoid receptor, which promotes an anti–inflammatory response.
Studies have shown how adrenergic receptor signal can suppress NK activity, as well as alter the
behavior of other immune components such as T helper cells, monocytes, and cytokines (Born,
Lange, Hansen, Molle, &Fehm, 1997). Epinephrine and norepinephrine bind to adrenergic receptors,
which has various effects on the immune system. These effects include the activation of neutrophils
and NK cells (Scheiermann, Kunisaki, & Frenette,

The Importance Of Music In Education
Music has always been and still is one of the greatest heritage that we have as a human being, that's
the reasons why people called it the universal language of humankind. No matter where we are
music is always there around us and that show's how important music is for us human beings.
Without music, we don't have the way to express our feeling with, technically life will be dulled
without any music.
By saying that, we need to understand that music is one of the essential tools for children
development and it also helps their brain function. Through music, children learn how to
communicate their thoughts and their feelings. According to (Cecil–Fizdale 1991 in The Arts and
Early Childhood) state that 'Children's ability and need to express feelings fully and freely with their
bodies makes movement and dance a vital part of any educational program.'
Young children love to sing, they love hearing their own voices by experimenting with different
melody, tone, and rhythm. That's one of many ways younger children learn how to play. When a
softer and soothing music is playing during the day, children tend to be more relaxed and quiet.
Music is a primary experience for us human. This is why music should be the important subject to
have in early childhood curriculum.
Greata (2006) talk about the ideas of Edwin Gordon, a researcher in music education, tells us that: 'if
a child is not stimulated in a particular area such as music, she will lose some of her natural potential
in that

Circadian Rhythm
Going to sleep is the point at which a neurotransmitter in the cerebrum tells your body in the event
that it ought to be wakeful or sleeping. The neurons turn off the flag to keep you conscious. There
are four phases of rest and one of them is REM. When resting the mind clears itself of lethal items
that normally develop. Your body brings down it's body warmth to preserve energy. Development
hormones are discharged from the body that reconstruct muscles and joints that have been strained
throughout the day.
We know it is the ideal opportunity for bed when we remain wakeful longer. Our circadian rhythm
likewise reveals to us when to rest. These drives help control the neurotransmitters in the body. The
adjust and convergence of these compound ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the procedures is the circadian rhythm. Circadian rhythm is the direction of the body's
inward procedures and levels of sharpness. The alternate process is sleep wake homeostasis and is
the collection of hypnogenic substances. Both of these procedures are impacted by qualities by some
degree. External variables can likewise have an immediate impact on somebody's sleep wake cycle.
The body has a worked in circadian clock that controls the planning of rest, and is influenced by the
measure of going before rest or attentiveness. Circadian rhythms can't cause and control rest by its
lonesome. The rest wake homeostasis is an internal biochemical framework that fills in as a counter
that makes strain to sleep and sleep intensity. Essentially reminding the body that it needs to rest
after a specific time. One of the vital roles of sleep is to help form and keep memories. Overnight
bits of information is moved from short term memory to long term memory. Without enough sleep
your immune system and hormone levels will suffer. One way rest may influence the cerebrum
versatility is through its impacts on the neurotransmitters, or associations between neurons.
Research has demonstrated that when animals learn a new task, their neurons appear to strengthen
the synaptic associations engaged with learning that task the following rest

Biological Rhythms : The Consequences Of Circadian Rhythms
A biological rhythm is defined as a "period, more or less regular fluctuation in a biological system;
it may or may not have psychological implications" (p.143). Our bodies go through multiple ups and
downs in physiological functioning and this is known as biological rhythms. Circadian rhythms are
a biological rhythm that occurs in a period of about every 24 hours. The best–known rhythm is the
sleep–wake cycle. Suprachiasmatic nucleus is located in hypothalamus, and it contains the
biological clock that controls circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms, is what tells our bodies when to
sleep, rise, eat, and it regulates many physiological processes. It can be affected by environmental
cues, such as sunlight and temperature. Circadian rhythms are controlled by the fluctuating levels of
different signal molecules in our cells (biological clocks). In which, they are synchronized by the
suprachiasmatic nucleus. When the clock is out of sync When our clock is out of sync, it is called
internal desynchronization, which is a state when biological rhythms are not in phase with one
another. This tends to happen when there are changes in one's normal routines. For example, it can
happen due to flights across the zones or new work shifts. When our biological clock is disrupted it
gets out of whack, and the immediate repercussions would be that our sleeping, waking, and
digestive system would be thrown off. It can also lead to longer–term effects such as, increased

Circadian Rhythm Lab Report
All living organisms have a biological rhythm. Biological rhythms are patterns of physical and
psychological abilities overtime. In this lab, the biological rhythm that we studied was called
circadian rhythm. Circadian rhythm is a twenty–four hour cycle and it includes patterns such as
body temperature, alertness, eating, and sleeping. To evaluate biological rhythms, our class
measured physiological parameters such as body temperature, heart rate, time estimate, arithmetic
speed, and fine movement speed. We recorded the data in the morning, afternoon, and night over a
four–day period. In addition, to the collect data for time estimate, we used a stopwatch that was set
for one minute and began counting our own imaginary minute. Once we counted to sixty seconds
we stopped the timer and recorded the actual time on the stopwatch. To ... Show more content on
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For example, Figure 4 (Time Estimate) and Figure 6 (Fine Movement) were the highest in the
morning. These two graphs represent perceptive and performance and we could conclude that our
class is more efficient in the morning than other times of the day. Also, based on our data I do agree
with the biological rhythm by Smolensky and Lamberg. According to the biological rhythm our
highest body temperature is at 19:00pm. In Figure 2, the average body temperature was also the
highest at night. Also, the biological rhythm suggests that our cardiovascular system is the most
efficient at 17:00pm. In comparison, our data in Figure 3 show that the average heart rate was the
highest in the afternoon. In regards to finding patterns, it is difficult to find a pattern between the
average body temperature and average heart rate. One way to normalize the body temperature data
and heart rate data is to convert the data into z–scores. Utilizing z–scores will allow all
indicators/data to be converted into a common

Circadian Rhythms Research Paper
My science research project question is which light wavelengths from screens have the worst and
best effect on your circadian rhythms. Which electronic device screens affect your sleep patterns.
Circadian rhythms is the twenty–four hour clock in your brain that monitors your sleep schedule.
Our circadian rhythms are affected by the sun. The sun dictates our sleep patterns, however since
there are other sources of light they can tell our brains when to sleep or to wake up. If you are
looking at a electronic screen, your eyes think that it is the sun and they tell your brain to wake up
and not to prepare you for sleep. If you look at a screen right before you go to bed, it will take you a
long time to actually go to sleep because you had just ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are also many applications that change the whole color of the screen. Instead of everything
being so bright and blue, everything has a red tint to it and is duller. Unfortunately, I cannot test the
applications because I cannot take the smartphone screen out of a phone to test. I will be testing
various screen filters to see which filter is the best. There are many different brands of screen filters;
however, I will just test the most generic ones, for the most common devices. First, I will test a
privacy screen, which prevents glare and disables someone to see the screen from a side view. The
second screen I will test are glasses that you can wear for any screen that you use to block blue light
and eye damage. The third screen I will test is a computer blue light screen filter. The final screen I
will test is the iPhone screen. The smartphone has the most extreme level of blue light out of all the
electronic devices, therefore the screen filter should be the best since the most powerful level of blue
light is emitted. All the screens will block majority of the unnecessary blue light, but I would like to
see how much is blocked compared to how much is emitted from the device. For the glasses I would
like to see how much is blocked for the average screen. Finally, for the antiglare screen, I will see
how much glare blockage has to do with light

Circadian Rhythm Quiz
1. ___________ is the major circadian rhythm hormone.
a. Cortisol
b. Thyrotropin
c. Melatonin
d. Growth hormone
2. Monthly menstrual cycles are an example of ___________ rhythm.
a. Annual
b. Circadian
c. Ultradian
d. Diurnal
3. Wintering over is a syndrome that 50% of the Antarctic inhabitants experience during the winter.
This suggests that:
a. Mood is highly correlated with circadian rhythm
b. Mood is highly correlated with annual rhythm
c. Mood is highly correlated with Ultradian rhythm
d. Mood is hughly correlated with Diurnal rhythm
4. ___________is a region of the brain in the hypothalamus, situated directly above the _________.
a. Optic chiasm, Suprachiasmatic nucleus
b. Pineal gland, optic chiasm
c. Pineal gland,

Description Of A Circadian Rhythm
A circadian rhythm is a 24 hour cycle in the physiological processes of living beings, including
plants, animals, fungi and cyanobacteria. Although they are endogenously generated, they respond
to external stimuli such as sunlight and temperature. Circadian rhythms are important in determining
the sleeping and feeding patterns of all animals, including humans. In humans, the 24 hour cycle is
centered within the hypothalamus, which uses certain cells within the retina of the eye to detect the
level of brightness all around; these cells are called photosensitive retinal ganglion cells or pRGCs.
PRGCs send collected information through the optic nerve to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN),
the brain's master clock; which coordinates smaller body clocks that govern the behavior of cells
throughout the body. The suprachiasmatic nuclei is a tiny patch of around 200,000 neurons. Nearly
every cell in the human body keeps time by its own means; they keep time locally, helping them
figure out when to use energy, rest, repair DNA, or replicate. Taking light as its cue, the master
clock determines a continuous cycle of physiological change within cells; this includes the
production of hormones that prepare the human body for waking and sleeping hours. "Interestingly,
animals, including humans, kept in total darkness for extended periods eventually function with a
free–running rhythm. Their sleep cycle is pushed back or forward each "day", depending on whether
their "day", is shorter or

Rhythm And Blues History
Rhythm and Blues is consist of black musical genres such as gospel, big–band swing, as well as
blues. The term originated in the 1940s as a synthesis for black music. With the popularization of
R&B so has the electric bass. In the 1950s R&B would instead be called Rock & Roll. This purpose
of this was to camouflage the black roots within R&B. Afterwards soul, funk, disco, rap, and other
offspring would arise from these roots. R&B has been an integral part of the black community
forged by common political, economic, and geographic conditions. World War II had a significant
effect on how R&B came to be. When Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japan in 1941 the government
halted the manufacture of record players, radios, and other consumer products ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
This made deejays essential to the growth of Rhythm & Blues. An example of a deejay starting a
trend was Jocko Henderson creating the phrase "great gugga mugga shooga booga", this slang was
mainly used in New York. The WERD radio station was the first radio station to be owned by
African Americans. What they would do is take formats from white owned stations like Atlanta
Daily World and re do them in their own soulful way. Jockey Jack Gibson was very important to the
creation of the WERD radio station as his work in Chicago led a group of black Atlanta businessmen
to contact him in 1949 when they raised the money to start the

Honey Bees: Circadian Rhythm
The diurnal activity of day and night present various external cues such as light and temperature
patterns. These cues combined with endogenous processes can create an inherent clock in many
species of plants, animals, and fungi, known as circadian rhythm. Circadian rhythms are used to
adapt to the daily occurrences and patterns, and can affect cellular processes, hormonal changes, and
behaviour. Many animals have prominent circadian adaptations that have been investigated, the
honey bee (Apis mellifera) being one. Examination into the specific mechanisms of the honey bee
circadian rhythm began in the 20th century. Research discovered that honey bees were able to
predict the time of day in which flowers produced their maximum pollen and nectar ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The researchers did not have a standard hypothesis stated, where a specific outcome that is expected
to be seen is proposed, the typical"if we do this then this will occur" format. Instead their
investigations were based around the general question; does circadian rhythmicity affect learning
performance and memory in honey bees? The researchers developed and implemented a reliable
study in which they aimed to answer their inquiry.
For their study the researchers used only Apis Mellifera foragers as they display the most advanced
circadian rhythm compared to the other divisions of labour specializations. Indoor bees, the first
study group, were kept in conditions that mimicked that of a normal day (light, temperature,
humidity, wind conditions) in a gauze cage. Outdoor bees were free to fly and forage normally. A
third group of bees were tested in complete darkness (with dim red light) for 2 days and tested using
the same stimuli and four Zeitgebers (times) as the other groups. Proboscis extension reflex (PER)
occurs when a sweet stimuli is received by antennae and the honey bee extends its proboscis. The

Yeats's Interest in Rhythm
The purpose of rhythm, it has always seemed to me, is to prolong the moment of contemplation, the
moment when we are both awake and asleep, which is the one moment of creation, by hushing us
with an alluring monotony, while it holds us waking by variety, to keep us in that state of perhaps
real trance, in which the mind liberated from the pressure of the will is unfolded in symbols. (W.B.
Yeats) What light does this comment of Yeats' shed on his poetry? Feel free in your answer to
concentrate on poetic devices other than rhythm if you prefer. Yeats' interest in rhythm was deeply
tied to the notion of the sound of the earth and nature, and our relationship with the elements. He
also had a profound interest and belief in faery, and the ways in which one could transcend material
reality in order to reach that world which ran alongside the natural world. Yet Yeats, who was born
in 1865 and died in 1939, lived through an era of immense scientific discovery and change. He lived
in a world where, by and large, to believe in faery was to be irrational, and the industrial hum of
engines prevailed over the quieter sounds of nature. In his earlier poetry, he conveys a certain
reverence towards the ancient rhythms of language and nature, flying in the face of the frenetically
busy London life he experienced as a young man. The bewitching beauty of the landscape of Sligo,
steeped in folklore, were the true rhythms which brought on the 'state of perhaps real trance',
allowing him to

Consequences of Disrupting Biological Rhythms (A2...
Critically consider the consequences of disrupting biological rhythms (24)
A rhythm is something that is regularly repeated. All living organisms experience rhythmic changes
which tend to coincide with seasonal or daily environmental changes. Most organisms have an
internal biological clock called endogenous pacemakers, which are influences by external
environmental factors called exogenous zeitgebers, these control periodic changes. The sleep wake
cycle is a circadian rhythm that repeats itself every 24 hours. However these can become
desynchronised, resulting in a disruption of your biological rhythm. It can be disrupted by many
factors, including Jet lag and shift work.
Jetlag occurs when flying east to west or vice versa, it does not ... Show more content on
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But what the study does not take into consideration is the fact that the east coast team could just be
genuinely better than the west coast team, and that is the reason they win, and not because of jetlag
and the direction they travel. But this study does have ecological validity due to them being real
teams, and it not being in laboratory conditions, making the results more valid and generalizable
outside of the study. It also supports Klein, Wegman and Hunts findings that westbound flights are
easier to adjust to.
However chlo (2001) found a reduction in temporal lobe size and memory function in air crew who
regularly flew over seven different time zones. This looks at a more biological approach as it
challenges the views that jetlag is psychological as it shows organic structural changes and cognitive
reduction.
Stewart et al found that rats who have been emotionally stressed are not as good at resetting their
innate clocks using light as the zeitgeber, as rats that have not been emotionally stressed. This shows
that stress can make the SCN less responsive to light. This could explain why some people
experiences jetlag and others do not, as those who do may find flying stressful. However this study
lacks validity as rats have a different physiological makeup to humans, meaning the results found
from rats cannot be generalised to humans and how they behave.

The Four Stages Of Circadian Rhythms
Social roles are the behaviors and responsibilities we adopt in certain situations and expected of
people who holds a particular status in society. An example of this is when a woman has a child, she
becomes a mother. Her role is to care for and love her child and prepare them for adulthood. This
role is expected from her by society, but her role may change over time and also differ between
cultures and other people's beliefs. Everybody has a circadian rhythm which is a biological or
psychological process that is roughly twenty–four hours long and systematically varies over the
course of a day. Circadian rhythms may include a certain time of the day where your mental
alertness and memory, sensitivity to pain, degree of sleepiness, and much more is at it's peak.
However, the circadian rhythm may be different for other people. An example of this is a blind
person's circadian rhythm. Many people with total blindness have desynchronized circadian rhythms
because they're unable to detect the sunlight that normally sets the body's internal biological ...
Our sleep cycle is usually five ninety–minute long cycles and consists of four stages of NREM sleep
and is followed by REM sleep. Constant disturbances with the sleep cycle may result in sleep
deprivation. After being sleep deprived, people tend to develop microsleeps which are episodes of
sleep lasting only a few seconds that occur during wakefulness. People who are sleep deprived
experience disruptions in mood, mental abilities, reaction time, perceptual skills, and complex motor
skills and tend to consume more calories and gain weight. When sleep becomes uninterrupted after
being sleep deprived, the person will experience REM rebound. REM rebound is the amount of time
spent in REM sleep increases by as much as fifty percent. The brain needs to experience the full
range of sleep states, making up for missing sleep components when given the

A Study On The Cardiac Rhythm
Introduction: The electrocardiogram remains the single most important tool for interpretation of the
cardiac rhythm. 1 It can be used to successfully pick up conduction abnormalities, rhythm
disturbances, possible myocardial ischemia, and a slew of other abnormalities that can be linked to
various cardiac or metabolic diseases. 1,2 ECGs can also be used as a preventive tool to screen for
abnormalities early in the disease process. 3,4 In 1982, Italy passed a law that all individuals who
want to compete in competitive sports undergo a clinical evaluation that included an assessment of
family history, person history, a physical exam, and an electrocardiogram. The bulk of the
evaluation relied heavily on the ECG looking for any abnormalities ... Show more content on
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This program recruited community volunteers to perform the ECGs and were given a standardized
training on how to correctly obtain one. The ECGs were then interpreted by 6 cardiologists
experienced in adolescent ECGs. Among the 32,561 screened, 2.5% had abnormal ECGs. The
importance of this study was to show that mass ECG screenings can be efficiently obtained and still
yield quality results when assessing for risk factors for SCA. This study reported that the cost per
ECG was only $8.67, which is more proof of why ECG screening should become a standardized
preventive modality. ECGs can play an essential role in monitoring the status of a patient and for
recognizing trends in the patients progression. Fesmire et al5 reported that serial ECGs were more
sensitive for evaluating acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
than an initial ECG. Serial ECGs were 68.1% more sensitive for identifying AMI compared to
55.4% using an initial ECG. For ACS, serial ECGs were 34.2% more sensitive compared to 27.5%
for an initial ECG. The purpose of this ECG workshop is to teach people to be proficient at reading
ECGs. The amount of information that an individual can obtain from an ECG can be extremely
beneficial in helping with diagnosis of patients or determining the proper treatment. This workshop
will include hands on learning, lecture, and worksheets to help individuals develop skills on
recognizing variations on the

Dangerous Circadian Rhythms Summary
The general argument made by MANNVI SINGH in her work is to providing informations and
warning parents or teachers to be able to pick up early symptoms of teenagers are lack of sleep time.
More specifically, the author is trying to make a point that's most of the kids have this are because of
the environmental interaction that they lived in, it's typically like saying it's not the kids fault to have
Circadian Rhythms. In the author work, she said that "depression symptoms weren't only showed in
teens are engaging in risky behaviors"(by SINGH). In this passage, the author is suggesting that
parents should have a dark room. This will likely to help the kids to not having mental problems in
their early teens by cutting out their way to associate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although the author is wrong about how does Circadian Rhythms happened and how to prevent
it(only for 1 particular way). First of all, the author is wrong about having a dark room can help their
kids, this only result in one way is depression since depression is about not interacting with people.
In facts, interacting with people by talking, have fun, are ways to help the kids to release their stress
at school. Furthermore, if a kid have good social life, he or she should be able to have no reason for
getting depress due to their joy and love of life and games, on the contrary, by taking their
equipment of having fun, they're more likely to get bored, angry, lonely, and pick on at school for
not having a social network life. Therefore I conclude that the reasons that kids having depression is
because of the environment and away to prevent it is to create opportunities for kids to talk with
someone they feel safe, close or even able to talk with. Someone that they can trust such as a mentor
health guider online. The main point of this is to help kids to communicate with someone, if they're
can't communicate, that's mean they're not living but rather is creating

The Relationship Between Sleep And Social Rhythms Essay
Hypothesis, Methods, Results, and Validity In 2009, researchers, Colleen E. Carney Ph.D., Jack D.
Edinger, Björn Meyer, Linda Lindman, and Tai Istre, published their study called, "Daily Activities
and Sleep Quality in College Students". The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship
between sleep and social rhythms. The researchers acknowledged that, "It has long been recognized
that consistent and qualitatively satisfying sleep is largely dependent on a robust and well entrained
endogenous circadian rhythm" (Carney, Edinger, Meyer, Lindman, and Istre, 2009). The researchers
further explained that in their study they were going to attempt to establish a relationship between
one's daily activities and social engagements to his or her sleep quality. The researchers
hypothesized that, "self–reported good sleepers would report more daily activities, show earlier
daily scheduling of their social rhythms, have social rhythms characterized by greater regularity, and
be involved in more activities with active social engagement than would poor sleepers" (Carney et
al., 2009). To test their hypothesis the researchers gather 243 willing participants between the ages
of 18 and 39 years. The sample was mostly female and Caucasian, but other ethnicities and races
were present to ensure a representative sample. To carry out the study the Social Rhythm Metric
(SRM) was used to assess social rhythms. The SRM consists of 17 activities which are considered to
be common

Circadian Rhythm Research Paper

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